CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTS OF THE GENUS ENGRAULIS AROUND THE WORLDTHE GENERAL AREA INHABITED BY ENGRAULISThe areas where the genus Engraulis is known tooccur are shown approximately in Figure 1. It is seento be limited to coastal areas in general. Dr. Ahlstromhas reported spawning of Engradis as far as 200miles offshore in the California Current. This is in aparticular region off southern California where thecurrents are such that the eggs and larvae will subsequentlybe brought much closer to the coast, alongnorthern Baja California. although eggs have beenfound as far as 1000 miles offshore from Japan itseems likely that these have been swept away fromJapan by the Kuroshio and have little chance of sur-JOSEPH L. REID, JR.Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, Califamiafound in all of the eastern boundary currents (California,Peru, Canary, and Benguela currents, and offwestern Australia) in three of the western boundarycurrents (Kuroshio, East Australia, and Brazil),though not in the Gulf Stream or Agulhas Current.It occurs also in the Sea of Japan, the area south ofAustralia, around the norther11 part of New Zealand,and in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. In summerit extends into the North Sea, the Baltic, and the Seaof AZOV, but retreats from these areas when theybecome extremely cold in winter, though it does remainin the Black Sea throughout the year.viving long enough to return to the ordinary Japanese CHARACTERlSTlCS OF THE AREAShabitat.The genus has been found to extend to latitudes ashigh as 60"N and 43"s at least in summer. It isThe eastern boundary current areas are cooler andlower in salinity than the central ocean waters at thesame latitude. They are usually characterized by up-I I 160' 60'.-I I I I I I I180. 150' 120" 90- 60" 30" 0" 30" 60' 90' 120' 150' l80*_.FIGURE 1.Areas inhabited by Engradis.( 29 )