CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...
CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ... CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...
162 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES IKVESTIGATIONS: IO-METER SALINITY IYrIIL*DOCIMO I 13-YEAR MEAN. 1950-19621t .IITEMPERATURE STANDARD DEVIATIONycnooc*o A0OUT THE 13-YEAR MEAN 1f.C)1s -3w -25' -2w-1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I ~ IJ-M.FIGURE 4. Ten-meter salinity (%I; 13-year mean, 1950-62.Interval: 0.2%.slightly larger salinity gradient northwest of GuadalupeIsland. The limited coverage of the CalCOFIpattern does not show the southward and southwestwardcontinuation of the low-salinity tongue as shownby mean-salinity charts of the North Pacific Ocean(see, for example, Schott, 1935; Morskoi Atlas, 1950;or Norpac Atlas, 1960).The results of analyses at shore stations are shownas boxed numbers on these and other distributioncharts. The mean temperatures at the GuadalupeIsland and Cedros Island Stations are 0.5" C. greaterthan at the adjacent stations. In both cases the recordscovered only half of the 13-year period. When neighboringCalCOFI stations were analyzed with equallytruncated records no differences could be found inthe means. Thus, temperature regression values forthe two island stations are misleading and are notgiven.STANDARD DEVIATION ABOUT THE MEANThe distributions of standard deviation about the 13-year means appear in Figures 5 and 6. This measureof dispersion combines the seasonal and nonseasonalinfluences.The chart of standard deviations for temperatureshows a band of small dispersion. less than 1.75" C.,extending across the CalCOFI region in a meridional
REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1983 TO 30 JUNE 1966 163110.110. IIPISALINITY STANDARD DEVIATION. COEFF IClENT OF CORRELATION.TEMPERATUREF ZP1 mI2P120. IIY llPFIGURE 6. Standord deviation of salinity about the 13-yeor mean(*%). Interval: 0.05%.distribution. Areas of large gradient coincide withareas of large dispersion, and areas of small gradientwith areas of small dispersion. This circumstanceprobably results from a large ratio of nonseasonal(random) to seasonal variation in the salinity record.The increase in standard deviation near the westernedge of the CalCOFI region is not well establishedbut it corresponds to relatively large salinity gradientsseen in charts for the North Pacific Ocean.COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION AND MEANRANGE: TEMPERATUREThe coefficients of correlation for temperature andsalinity are measures of the degree of relation betweenthe characteristics and time of year.6The correlation of temperature with time of year(Figure 7) has a coefficient greater than 0.80 overthe greater portion of the CalCOFI region. The coefficientis greater than 0.85 along the western extentand in the southern half including the coastal regionalong southern Baja California. Coefficients aresmaller in the upwelling regions-in a broad bandalong central California and in a narrow band fromPoint Vincente to Bahia de Sebastian Vizcaino. Smallvariance explained by regression curveeR= (total variance>"where R is the coefficient OP correlation.FIGURE 7. Coefficient of correlation for tempemture. Interval: 0.1.coeEcients are caused either by large total variance,consequent on the sporadic nature of upwelling, orby small explained variance that results when effectsof upwelling are out of phase with the solar heatingcoolingcycle dominant elsewhere. A mixture of theseeffects is probable.The P-ratio test wm applied to the regression ofthe annual harmonic only.s Where the null hypothesisis rejected at the 2.5 percent significance levelthe seasonal variation may be considered significant.The seasonal variation of temperature is everywheresignificant.An additional test, attributed to Btumph by Conradand Pollak (1950), was applied to 12 representativestations. The probability p that an amplitudeA might have been obtained by harmonic analysisof a particular set of random numbers is given by:- A2p = exp nexplained variance7J-Z (oneanlained variance) weighted by degrees of freedom. ThedL&eii-of-ireedomeedom are determined by the number of variablesin the regression equation and the sampling frequency.a Van Vliet and Anderson found by the F-ratio test that. the semiannualharmonic signincantly increases the explained variancein five of their-six stations. A plication of this test tothe semiannual harmonics of the Cal8OFI records is marglnaEin value because the number of data in each record is small.
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REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1983 TO 30 JUNE 1966 163<strong>11</strong>0.<strong>11</strong>0. IIPISALINITY STANDARD DEVIATION. COEFF IClENT OF CORRELATION.TEMPERATUREF ZP1 mI2P120. IIY llPFIGURE 6. Standord deviation of salinity about the 13-yeor mean(*%). Interval: 0.05%.distribution. Areas of large gradient coincide withareas of large dispersion, and areas of small gradientwith areas of small dispersion. This circumstanceprobably results from a large ratio of nonseasonal(random) to seasonal variation in the salinity record.The increase in standard deviation near the westernedge of the <strong>CalCOFI</strong> region is not well establishedbut it corresponds to relatively large salinity gradientsseen in charts for the North Pacific Ocean.COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION AND MEANRANGE: TEMPERATUREThe coefficients of correlation for temperature andsalinity are measures of the degree of relation betweenthe characteristics and time of year.6The correlation of temperature with time of year(Figure 7) has a coefficient greater than 0.80 overthe greater portion of the <strong>CalCOFI</strong> region. The coefficientis greater than 0.85 along the western extentand in the southern half including the coastal regionalong southern Baja <strong>California</strong>. Coefficients aresmaller in the upwelling regions-in a broad bandalong central <strong>California</strong> and in a narrow band fromPoint Vincente to Bahia de Sebastian Vizcaino. Smallvariance explained by regression curveeR= (total variance>"where R is the coefficient OP correlation.FIGURE 7. Coefficient of correlation for tempemture. Interval: 0.1.coeEcients are caused either by large total variance,consequent on the sporadic nature of upwelling, orby small explained variance that results when effectsof upwelling are out of phase with the solar heatingcoolingcycle dominant elsewhere. A mixture of theseeffects is probable.The P-ratio test wm applied to the regression ofthe annual harmonic only.s Where the null hypothesisis rejected at the 2.5 percent significance levelthe seasonal variation may be considered significant.The seasonal variation of temperature is everywheresignificant.An additional test, attributed to Btumph by Conradand Pollak (1950), was applied to 12 representativestations. The probability p that an amplitudeA might have been obtained by harmonic analysisof a particular set of random numbers is given by:- A2p = exp nexplained variance7J-Z (oneanlained variance) weighted by degrees of freedom. ThedL&eii-of-ireedomeedom are determined by the number of variablesin the regression equation and the sampling frequency.a Van Vliet and Anderson found by the F-ratio test that. the semiannualharmonic signincantly increases the explained variancein five of their-six stations. A plication of this test tothe semiannual harmonics of the Cal8OFI records is marglnaEin value because the number of data in each record is small.
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