CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

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128 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONSand 1954, when they were collected only twice asoften as sardine larvae, but increased yearly in1955-60; in the 1960 collections, anchovy larvae occurredseven times as often as sardine larvae. A correspondingincrease appeared in the co-occurrencesof anchovy larvae in the collections containing sardinelarvae, from 62 percent in 1954 to about 87percent in 1960.Obviously, as one species becomes more abundantand more widespread than another, it will occur alonemore frequently, and thus be free from possible competition.When anchovy larvae are collected in seventimes as many hauls as sardine larvae, as in 1960,the possible eo-occurrences with sardine larvae wouldbe only 14 percent. In fact, sardine larvae eo-occurredwith anchovy larvae in one haul out of eight (12.4percent), while anchovy larvae eo-occurred with sar-dine larvae in six hauls out of seven (86.5 percent).For the decade as a whole, anchovy larvae cooccurredin 1,489 (69.8 percent) of the 2,133 haulsthat contained sardine larvae, whereas sardine larvaeoccurred in only 1,489 (22.0 percent) of the 6,755hauls that contained anchovy larvae. Thus, anchovylarvae were present in two of every three hauls thatcontained sardine larvae, whereas sardine larvae occurredin little more than one of five hauls containinganchovy larvae. If interspecies competition is a factorin the survival of larvae, and eo-occurrence is a measureof competition, then the anchovy should have hada decided advantage over the sardine.Another factor must be considered : sardine larvaeare less likely to occur with anchovy larvae in someareas of the CalCOFI grid than in others (Tables 7and 8). Anchovy larvae have had decidedly less com-80(SARDINE LARVAE ALONECO-OCCURRENCES. SARDINE & ANCHOVY LARVAEANCHOVY LARVAE ALONE70(60(v)wVzwU5 50(00LL0U w40(83230(201IO((FIGURE 8.1951 1952 1953 1954-1955 1956 1957 1958 1959Graphic presentation, by year, of the number of CalCOFl plankton collections containing 1) sardine larvae alone, 2) bath sardine andanchovy larvae, and 3) anchovy larvae alone, 1951-60
~.~.~ ~ ~.~ -.~ --.~ ~ ~.~.~.~ ~.~ ~ ~ -.~ ~ ~.~ ~.~ ~.~~ ~~.~.~ ~.~ ~.~ ~.~ ~.~ ....~ ~.~ ~.~ ~REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 30 JUNE 1966 129TABLE 7SUMMARY OF TOTAL STATION OCCUPANCIES, OCCURRENCES OF SARDINE LARVAE, AND CO-OCCURRENCES WITH ANCHOVY LARVAE,BY AREA, 1951-60Area and station linesI I I I I1951-60total occupanciesCo-occurrencesOccurrences Percentage with anchovy Percentage ofof sardine larvae of positive hauls larvae eo-occnrrenceaNorthern California (40-57) - -- --.-.Central California (60-77)._. -.. - ~Southern California (80-93)-.. ~ - ~Northern Baja California (97-107) ~Upper central Baja California (110-120) ~____ -.--.-.--.-.- - --.. - -. - ~ -. -. -.. .~ . ~ ~ ~. . . ~. . . ~. .. . ...-. .. ~~ .. . ~ ~. . ~ .. .. -.~.. ~.~. -. . ..~..-... . ~ ~ -.. ~ - . ~. . .Lower central Baja California (123-137). - ~Southern Baja California (140-157) __-. ~.~2731,5704,2153,0493,5912,582758153413487885401011 .o8.111.421.920.913.30924318959042236060.071.354.374.978.135.6TABLE 8SUMMARY OF TOTAL STATION OCCUPANCIES, OCCURRENCES OF ANCHOVY LARVAE, AND CO-OCCURRENCES WITH SARDINELARVAE, BY AREA, 195160~-Co-occurrencesArea and station linesNorthern Baja California (97-107) - ~Upper central Baja California (110-120). ~Lower central Baja CJiomia (123-137) ~.~ ~.Southern Baja California (140-157)--- -. ~.. ~ ~. . . . ~. ... ~ ~ ~.. . ~. . . .. ~ ~ ~.. . .. ~. . . . .-...._.. . .~.. . ~. ....3,0493,5912,5827583772.122 50.31,11636.61,78049.61,24048.010814.2I 2431895904223619::016.933.134.033.3Totals- - - - -.- _________..- __-..- -. . . . -. . . .- - - -. . . -.16,0386,75542.11,48922.0petition in the northern part of the CalCOFI surveyarea. Off central California (station lines 60-77) sardinelarvae occurred in less than 1 percent of the collections,while anchovy larvae occurred in 24 percent.In this area the percentage of eo-occurrence of sardinewith anchovy larvae was only 2.4 percent. Off southernCalifornia, anchovy larvae occurred in more than 50percent of all collections made during the 1950 's,and sardine larvae in only 8.1 percent. Hence, eventhough the eo-occurrence of anchovy larvae with sardinelarvae was 71.3 percent, sardine larvae occurredin only 11.5 percent of the collections that containedanchovy larvae. Off southern California the anchovymust have had a decided advantage.The region in which the two species might havecompeted most intensely was off central Baja California.In this region sardine larvae occurred in oneof every three hauls containing anchovy larvae ; anchovylarvae occurred in three of every four haulscontaining sardine larvae.The occurrences of eggs in our plankton hauls wereless frequent than occurrences of larvae. Probablya major reason for this lower frequency is that eggsof both the Pacific sardine and the northern anchovyhatch in only 2 to 4 days, depending on water temperature;consequently the eggs in any given haul representa relatively short time span. A sample of larvae,on the other hand, can contain specimens accumulatedduring a span of perhaps 30 days or more.Sardine eggs, on the average, occurred in only about6-9676770 percent as many collections as sardine larvae.Anchovy eggs, which are not fully retained by thestandard CalCOFI net, occurred in little more thana third as many hauls as anchovy larvae. Hence,the frequency of occurrence and, as it happens, cooccurrenceof eggs is less than for larvae. In only1958 and 1959 did sardine eggs co-occur in morehauls with anchovy eggs than they occurred alone.For the decade as a whole, anchovies spawned in thesame waters with sardines only about 30 percent ofTABLE 9COMPARISON OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF LARVAE PER HAUL OF"CO-OCCURRENCES," WITH SAMPLES CONTAINING SARDINE ORANCHOVY LARVAE ALONE1951. - _ ____1952--._---1953-------ILl-All hauls Alone65.593.868.81954-- -_.__72 .O1955-----_-1956- - - ____1957_--.._.1958-- -..1959-. ___._1960- - - - __-55.690.756.258.931.260.6Average--..l 65.3 I 46.7Sardine larvae21.482.563.347.947.557.267.927.034.417.8coccurring84.599.971.286.560.4109.949.364.030.767.372.4cooccurringAlone 4ll hauls___-124.5192.2186.4304.0302.2329.0315.7610.4473.4494.9333.3IAnchovy larvae50.988.2142.4172.3201.6232.0238.1169.5183.7271.5175.072.1121.8152.1212.7227.5251.8252.8264.0233.7299.1208.7
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STATE OF CALIFORNIAMARINE RESEARCH
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STATE OF CALIFORNIADEPARTMENT OF FI
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RONALD REAGAXGovcriwr of the Slate
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PART 1REVIEW OF ACTIVITIESJuly 1,19
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REPORTS YOLUAIE SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
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REPORTS VOLUNE XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
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REPORTS YOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
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REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
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REPORTS vor,uiwIi; SI, 1 JULY 1063
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REPORTS TOT2T71\IF: SI, 1 JUJIT 196
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IiEPOHTS TOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
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REVIEW OF THE PELAGIC WET FISHERIES
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KEI'OiiTH TOLUJIE SI, 1 JULY 1963 T
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PART IISYMPOSIUM ON ANCHOVIES, GENU
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OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTS OF THE GENUS E
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KEI'OKTS VOLIXI.: SI, 1 JULY 1963 T
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~~~REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 T
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REPORTS VOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
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130'E 132' 134' 136' 138' 140' 142-
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REPORTS VOLUSIE SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
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KI3I’ORTH VOLUJIE XI, 1 JULY 1963
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REPORTS VOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
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REPORTS VOLUIIE SI. 1 JULY 1963 TO
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REPORTS T’OLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 T
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INFLUENCE OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FAC
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REPORTS Y‘OLUJIE XI, 1 JULY 1963
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~table shows the values calculated
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ateREPORTS T-OLTJIT", SI, 1 JULl 19
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Page 85 and 86: _________--_____REPORTS VOLUJIE SI,
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Page 89 and 90: -20/5-0 10-f 5-w 25-0 20-= 15-: 10-
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Page 107 and 108: THE PREDATION OF GUANO BIRDS ON THE
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Page 115 and 116: FISH E RYThe California anchovy fis
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Page 119: CO-OCCURRENCES OF SARDINE AND ANCHO
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Page 138 and 139: THE ACCUMULATION OF FISH DEBRIS IN
Page 143 and 144: PART IllSCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS
Page 147 and 148: REPORTS VOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
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Page 157 and 158: SUMMARY OF THERMAL CONDITIONS AND P
Page 159 and 160: SEASONAL VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE A
Page 163 and 164: including the semiannual harmonic?
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178 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC
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184CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC F
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CONTENTSI. Review of Activities Pag
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