CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

~ Percentage~116 CALIFORNIA COOPERA4TIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIOSSpercent. Very few fish over 3 years old are taken inthe lire-bait fishery (Table 6).Season/Year_____- --1955 __...___.1956 ..__..._..... 2.1^._. 8.81957 ._-_.-.1 3.2TABLE 6AGE COMPOSITION OF THE NORTHERN ANCHOVY LIVE-BAITCATCH FOR THE YEARS 1955-1962icornpodion by age__-1 2 3 4__ __43.039.935.541.851.537.133.640.547.837.930.66.45.919.74.52.89.414.910.4_ _0.64.30.80.3..1.83.6....0.3._._..0.10.2REFERENCESAhlstrom, E. H. 1956. Eggs and larvae of anchovy, jack mackereland Pacific mackerel. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest.,Prog. Rept. 1 April 1955 to 30 June 1956 :3342.Ahlstrsm, E. H. 1959. Vertical distribution of pelagic fisheggs and larvae off California and Enja California. U.S. Fishalzd Wild. Serv., Fish Bull., 60(161) :107-146.Ahlstrom, E. H. 1965. Rinds and abundance of fishes in theCalifornia current region based on egg and larval surreys.Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest., Prog. Rept., (10) :31-52.Berner, L., Jr. 1959. The food of the larvae of the northern anchovy,Engraulis mordax. Inter-Anrer. Trop. Tuna Comni.Bull., 4(1) :22.Blackburn, M. 1950. A biological study of the anchovy, Engraulisaustralis (White) in Australian waters. Bust. J.Mar. Freshw. Res., l(1) 3-84.Eolin, R. L. 1936. Embryonic and early larval stages of theCalifornia anchovy. Calif. Fish and Game, 22(4) :314-321.Chapman, W. M. 1942. The latent fisheries of Washington andA1as6a. Cnlzf. E'iah atid Game, 28(4) :182-19S.Clark, F. N. and J. E. Phillips. 1952. The northern anchovy(Engraulis mordax) in the California fishery. Calif. Fisha?ad Game, 38(2) :189-207.Craig, W. L. 1960. Food and feeding. 1% A study of the yellomtail,Seriola dorsalis (Gill) by John L. Rnxter and a staff of:issociates. Calif. Dept. Fish and Game, I'ish Bull., (110):35543.Croher, R. S. 1942. Lateiit marine fisheries resources of Californiaand western llesico. Caltf. Fish and Game, 28(4) :175-181.Ganssle, D. 1961. Korthern anchovy Eugraulis mordax. IioCalifornia ocean fisheries resources to the year 1960, 21-22.Calif. Dept. Fish and Game, Sacramento.Hubbs, C. L. 1925. Racial and seasonal variation in the Pacificherring. California sardine and California Rnchovy. Calff.Fish and Game Conano., Fish. Bull., (5): 1-23.McIInqh, .J. L. 1951. Meristic variations and populations ofnorthern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) . Scripps Inst.Oceaiaogr. BuZ~., 6(3) :123-160.Merkel, T. J. 1957. Food habits of the king salmon, Oncorhyizchustshazcytscha (Walbaiim), in the vicinity of San Francisco,California. Calif. Fish and Ganae, 43(4) :249-270.Miller, D. J. 1965. Studies relating to the validity of the scalemethod for age determination of the northern anchovy (Eqzgradsnaordaz). la Age determination of the northern anchovy.Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game, Fish Bull., (101) :7-34.Ililler, D. J. 1956. Anchovy. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest.,Prog. Rcpt. 1 April 1955 to 30 Juw 1956: 20-26.ilIillcr, D. J., A. E. Daugherty, I?. E. Felin, and J. MacGregor.1035. Age and length composition of the northern anchovycatch off the coast of California in 1952-53 and 1953-54.Iqa Age and length determination of the northern anchovy.Calif. Dept. Fish and Game, Fish. Bull., (101) :3&66.Miller, D. J. and R. S. Wolf. 1958. Age and length compositionof the northern anchovy catch off the coast of California in1954-55, 1955-56 and 1956-57. Calif. Dept. Fish and Game,Fish Bull., (106) ~27-72.
CO-OCCURRENCES OF SARDINE AND ANCHOVY LARVAEIN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT REGION OFF CALIFORNIA AND BAJA CALIFORNIAELBERT H. AHLSTROMBureau of Commercial FisheriesFishery-Oceanography CenterLa Jolla, CaliforniaThis is a report on the co-occurrences of sardineand anchovy eggs and larvae in the collections ofthe California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations(CalCOFI) during 1951-60. More important,it is also a study of the interaction between two speciesof fish-both filter-feeders on planktonic organismsoccupyingthe same trophic level. This study leadsfurther into the problem of whether there is a limitto the biomass of sardines plus anchovies that can beaccommodated in the environment and whether onespecies increases in abundance only at the expenseof the other.During the period of the CalCOFI surveys, whichbegan in 1949, the population of the Pacific sardine(flardinops caerulea) as determined from the distributionand abundance of eggs and larvae, decreasedmarkedly, especially since 1954. In contrast, the populationof the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax),as determined from the distribution and abundanceof larvae, increased spectacularly. This relation bringsup the question of whether the anchovy is moving intothe ecological niche previously occupied by the sardine.CalCOFI survey cruises have been made off Californiaand Baja California for more than 15 years.Coverage was fairly intensive in 1949-60, whencruises were made at approximately monthly intervals.In 1961-64, cruises were spaced at quarterlyintervals. Temporal coverage, consequently, was muchbetter during the decade 1951-60, the years dealtwith particularly in this report.One of the difficulties in working up the observationson sardine and anchovy eggs and larvae isthe massiveness of the data. Even the data for the10-year period, 1951-60, are based on more than 16,000separate collections. Anchovy larvae occurred in 6,755collections, or 42.1 percent of the total, and sardinelarvae in 2,133. or 14.3 percent. These data can beexamined in many different ways. For example, thesardine and anchovy larvae from all collections aremeasured by 1-millimeter intervals, for abundance andsurvival studies. Was survival of larvae better in sampleswhere anchovy and sardine larvae co-occurred,or in samples where the larvae of one species occurredalone ? What T1-m the relation of co-occurrences tothe temporal and areal distributions of the larvae ofthe two species or to their relative abundances perhaul? What mas the influence of changing environmentalconditions on the frequency with which sardinesand anchovies eo-occurred ?The CalCOFI survey cruises initially were plannedto delimit and assay the distribution and abundanceof the pIanktonic eggs and larvae of the Pacific sar-,dine to determine indirectly the distribution andabundance of the adult population at time of spawningand to obtain information on the factors affectingthe survival of year classes. Sardine spawning wasfound to have an extensive and variable areal distributionand to take place during much of the year.especially off Baja California. Consequently, we triedto cover systematically a rather large area of theocean off California and Baja California.The CalCOFI station pattern is illustrated in Figure1. Inasmuch as I plan to discuss the distributionand abundance of eggs and larvae in different partsof the CalCOFI region, I have subdivided it into 7areas-three off California and four off Baja California.The station lines included in each area are asfollows :AreaStation LineNorthern California __......................... 40- 57Central California ............................Southern California __........................ 60- 77S0- 93Northern Baja California ..................... 97-107Upper central Baja California _______ ___________ 110-120Lower central Baja California ______ _____-___ ___ 123-137Southern Baja California ...................... 140-157Not all areas were covered on each cruise. Fourwere consistently worked-those lying between stationlines 80-137. The majority of cruises also includedthe central California area. Usually only 1or 2 cruises per year were made off northern Californiaand southern Baja California. With rare exceptions,only a single plankton haul was taken ateach station occupied during a cruise.In the course of obtaining information about sardineeggs and larvae, we also obtained informationabout many other fishes with planktonic young. Evenat the beginning of the surveys, sardine larvae wereoutnumbered by larvae of northern anchovy (Engraulismordax), hake (Merluccius productus), rockfish(Xebastodes spp.), and usually jack mackerel(Trachurzu symmetricus).The occurrence of numerous species of larvae ledto a decision to identify and enumerate all the kindsin the collections. This decision posed problems inidentification, but these were solved with perseverance.It became evident that surveys of eggs andlarvae constituted one of the indispensable methodsof resource evaluation. Most pelagic fishes haveplanktonic stages that can be sampled more simplyand quantitatively than the adults.Larvae of the Pacific sardine and northern anchovyoccur mainly off southern California and off most ofBaja California. The sardine also occurs throughoutthe Gulf of California. The northern anchovy, asomewhat more temperate species, does not occur inthe Gulf, and its larvae seldom occur south ofMagdalena Bay. It ranges farther north, however,than the sardine. In recent years there has been littlespawning off central California (north of Pt. Conception)by either anchovies or sardines, although
Page 1 and 2:
STATE OF CALIFORNIAMARINE RESEARCH
Page 3 and 4:
STATE OF CALIFORNIADEPARTMENT OF FI
Page 5 and 6:
RONALD REAGAXGovcriwr of the Slate
Page 7 and 8:
PART 1REVIEW OF ACTIVITIESJuly 1,19
Page 9 and 10:
REPORTS YOLUAIE SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
Page 11 and 12:
REPORTS VOLUNE XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 13 and 14:
REPORTS YOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 15 and 16:
REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 17 and 18:
REPORTS vor,uiwIi; SI, 1 JULY 1063
Page 19 and 20:
REPORTS TOT2T71\IF: SI, 1 JUJIT 196
Page 21 and 22:
IiEPOHTS TOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
Page 23 and 24:
REVIEW OF THE PELAGIC WET FISHERIES
Page 25 and 26:
KEI'OiiTH TOLUJIE SI, 1 JULY 1963 T
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
PART IISYMPOSIUM ON ANCHOVIES, GENU
Page 31 and 32:
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTS OF THE GENUS E
Page 33 and 34:
KEI'OKTS VOLIXI.: SI, 1 JULY 1963 T
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
~~~REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 T
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
REPORTS VOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 47 and 48:
130'E 132' 134' 136' 138' 140' 142-
Page 49 and 50:
REPORTS VOLUSIE SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
KI3I’ORTH VOLUJIE XI, 1 JULY 1963
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
REPORTS VOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
REPORTS VOLUIIE SI. 1 JULY 1963 TO
Page 67 and 68: REPORTS T’OLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 T
Page 69 and 70: INFLUENCE OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FAC
Page 71 and 72: REPORTS Y‘OLUJIE XI, 1 JULY 1963
Page 73 and 74: REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 75 and 76: ~table shows the values calculated
Page 77 and 78: ateREPORTS T-OLTJIT", SI, 1 JULl 19
Page 79 and 80: REPORTS POLGNE SI, 1 JU LY 1963 TO
Page 81 and 82: REPORTS VOLUXE XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 85 and 86: _________--_____REPORTS VOLUJIE SI,
Page 87 and 88: REPORTS TOLTIJIE SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
Page 89 and 90: -20/5-0 10-f 5-w 25-0 20-= 15-: 10-
Page 91 and 92: REPORTS VOLUNE SI. 1 JULY 19G3 TO 3
Page 97 and 98: REPORTS VOLURlE SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
Page 107 and 108: THE PREDATION OF GUANO BIRDS ON THE
Page 109 and 110: iod and after 8 AM during the rest
Page 115 and 116: FISH E RYThe California anchovy fis
Page 117: ~~ ::REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963
Page 122 and 123: 120 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC
Page 124 and 125: CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANlC FISH
Page 128 and 129: 126CALIFORNIB COOPERATIVE OCEANIC F
Page 132 and 133: ~~ ~130 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEA
Page 134 and 135: 132 CALIF0RhTTIA COOPERATIVE OCEANI
Page 138 and 139: THE ACCUMULATION OF FISH DEBRIS IN
Page 143 and 144: PART IllSCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS
Page 147 and 148: REPORTS VOLUME SI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 3
Page 151 and 152: REPORTS VOLU&IE XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO
Page 157 and 158: SUMMARY OF THERMAL CONDITIONS AND P
Page 159 and 160: SEASONAL VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE A
Page 163 and 164: including the semiannual harmonic?
Page 167 and 168: REPORTS VOiLUME XI, 1 JULY 1983 TO
Page 169:
Page 172 and 173:
170 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCWIC FI
Page 174 and 175:
172 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCBANIC
Page 176 and 177:
174 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
184CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC F
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190:
CONTENTSI. Review of Activities Pag
show all

CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?