Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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Brief History of Meteorology 340 B.C. Meteorologica - Aristotle 1400's Hygrometer - Cryfts (1450) Anemometer - Alberti (1450) 1500's Thermoscope - Galileo 1600's Barometer - Torricelli (1643) Les Meteores - Descarte (1637) 1700's Trade winds - Hadley (1730) 1800's Three-cell model - Ferrel (1855) Weather maps of surface pressure 1900's Weather prediction from maps -Bjerknes (1903) Polar front theory - Bjerknes(1921) Numerical weather prediction -Richardson (1922) First computer forecast - Charney /von Neumann (1948) Daily balloon observations (1940's) Weather satellites (Tiros I, 1960)
Excerpts from Aristotle’sMeteorologica There are two reasons for there being more winds from the northerly than thesoutherly regions. First, our inhabited region lies toward the north; second,far more rain and snow is pushed up into this region because the other liesbeneath the sun and its course. These melt and are absorbed by the earth andwhen subsequently heated by the sun and the earth’s own heat cause a greaterand more extensive exhalation. Let us now explain lightning and thunder, and then whirlwinds, firewinds andthunderbolts; for the cause of all of them must be assumed to be the same. Aswe have said, there are two kinds of exhalation, moist and dry; and theircombination (air) contains both potentially. It condenses into cloud, as wehave explained before, and the condensation of clouds is thicker toward theirfarther limit. Heat when radiated disperses into the upper region. But any ofthe dry exhalation that gets trapped when the air is in process of cooling isforcibly ejected as the clouds condense and in its course strikes thesurrounding clouds, and the noise caused by the impact is what we callthunder.
Page 1 and 2: ATMOSPHERIC MODELINGNUMERICAL WEATH
Page 3: MTO477Brief History of Meteorology
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The Forces of a Parcel of Air
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Atmospheric Model Aerosol processes
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Highlights 1955 - First Operational
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Highlights 1996 - AVN/MRF changed t
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Highlights2001 (November) - Major c
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Equivalent-Barotropic Atmosphere Co
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Thermal Wind (Remember?)The thermal
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Written in general form:tAiA i = de
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Example of a diagnostic equation:Co
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NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTIONLECTURE
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Model ComponentsForecast:This repre
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Model ComponentsDynamics:In NWP, dy
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Parameterized Processes and Paramet
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Parameterizing Sub Grid-Scale Proce
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Accounting for the Effects of Physi
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Outlook As computer power increases
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DiscussionThe correct choices are (
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1- NWP EquationsIn NWP, future valu
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2-The Primitive Equations
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Horizontal advection of west-to-eas
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Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
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Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
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Temperature Forecast EquationTime c
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Hydrostatic or Vertical MomentumEqu
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Physical ProcessesAll of the foreca
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How Models Solve the ForecastEquati
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Representing the Forecast Variables
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3-Grid Point: Data RepresentationGr
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4-Grid Point ModelsIn the real atmo
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5- SPECTRAL MODELHow Data are Repre
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Use of Grid Point Methods in Spectr
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Impacts of Grid Point Physics Calcu
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7- Hydrostatic Models Most grid poi
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Non-Hydrostatic Models In addition,
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HYDROSTATIC MODELS Characteristics
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References Carr, F.H., 1988: Introd
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The dependent variables in this set
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Problems in finding suitable latera
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Conditions whichOnemakeBIGthe primi
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Courant-Friederichs-Lewy criteria C
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Setting up a Numerical Model Grid p
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Horizontal resolution Horizontal re
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Sigma Coordinate System (σ)p• De
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Convective ParameterizationSchemes
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«Computations indicate that a perf
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Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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