Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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Vertical Resolution Can be set arbitrarily Highest vertical resolution used where it is needed most Highest is set near Earth’s surface to capture boundary layer processesand near and below tropopause to accurately predict jet stream Not as detailed between 600-300 mb Variety of vertical coordinate types used to represent atmosphericlayers Most common is sigma coordinate system
Sigma Coordinate System (σ)p• Defined as ; p= pressure level, p s =station pressureps• Bottom and top are levels where vertical motion are negligible• Bottom is near the earth’s surface (σ = 1.0)• Top is set to a very small pressure value (σ = 0.0) Near surface sigma levelsclosely mimic terrain Aloft sigma levels flattenout horizontally Sigma levels eliminateproblem of constant heightor pressure surfacesintersecting the ground
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ATMOSPHERIC MODELINGNUMERICAL WEATH
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MTO477Brief History of Meteorology
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Excerpts from Aristotle’sMeteorol
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The Forces of a Parcel of Air
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Atmospheric Model Aerosol processes
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Highlights 1955 - First Operational
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Highlights 1996 - AVN/MRF changed t
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Highlights2001 (November) - Major c
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Equivalent-Barotropic Atmosphere Co
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Thermal Wind (Remember?)The thermal
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Written in general form:tAiA i = de
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Example of a diagnostic equation:Co
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NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTIONLECTURE
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Model ComponentsForecast:This repre
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Model ComponentsDynamics:In NWP, dy
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Parameterized Processes and Paramet
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Parameterizing Sub Grid-Scale Proce
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Accounting for the Effects of Physi
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Outlook As computer power increases
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DiscussionThe correct choices are (
Page 116 and 117: 1- NWP EquationsIn NWP, future valu
Page 118 and 119: 2-The Primitive Equations
Page 120 and 121: Horizontal advection of west-to-eas
Page 122 and 123: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 124 and 125: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 126 and 127: Temperature Forecast EquationTime c
Page 128 and 129: Hydrostatic or Vertical MomentumEqu
Page 130 and 131: Physical ProcessesAll of the foreca
Page 132 and 133: How Models Solve the ForecastEquati
Page 134 and 135: Representing the Forecast Variables
Page 136 and 137: 3-Grid Point: Data RepresentationGr
Page 138 and 139: 4-Grid Point ModelsIn the real atmo
Page 140 and 141: 5- SPECTRAL MODELHow Data are Repre
Page 142 and 143: Use of Grid Point Methods in Spectr
Page 144 and 145: Impacts of Grid Point Physics Calcu
Page 146 and 147: 7- Hydrostatic Models Most grid poi
Page 148 and 149: Non-Hydrostatic Models In addition,
Page 151 and 152: HYDROSTATIC MODELS Characteristics
Page 153 and 154: References Carr, F.H., 1988: Introd
Page 155 and 156: The dependent variables in this set
Page 157 and 158: Problems in finding suitable latera
Page 159 and 160: Conditions whichOnemakeBIGthe primi
Page 161 and 162: Courant-Friederichs-Lewy criteria C
Page 163 and 164: Setting up a Numerical Model Grid p
Page 165: Horizontal resolution Horizontal re
Page 169 and 170: Convective ParameterizationSchemes
Page 171: «Computations indicate that a perf
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Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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