Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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Hydrostatic vs. Non-Hydrostatic Hydrostatic models assume hydrostatic equilibrium Valid for most synoptic and global systems and some mesoscalephenomena Non-hydrostatic models include equations for verticalmotions that hydrostatic models lack Most grid-point models and all spectral models inoperation are hydrostatic Many mesoscale models are non-hydrostatic Non-hydrostatic processes and effects becomeimportant when length of a feature is approximatelyequal to its height Typically features 10 km and less in size
Horizontal resolution Horizontal resolution is related to the spacing between grid pointsfor grid point models or the number of waves that can be resolvedfor spectral models Directly related to size of weather feature it can simulate Higher the resolution – smaller the weather feature it can depict Typically takes at least 5 grid point to define a feature (grid pointmodel) Example – a model with 20 km grid spacing cannot resolve anythingless than 100 km in length Increasing horizontal resolution increases computation Additional intermediate forecast steps are required to make samelength of forecast
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ATMOSPHERIC MODELINGNUMERICAL WEATH
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MTO477Brief History of Meteorology
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Excerpts from Aristotle’sMeteorol
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The Forces of a Parcel of Air
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Atmospheric Model Aerosol processes
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Highlights 1955 - First Operational
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Highlights 1996 - AVN/MRF changed t
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Highlights2001 (November) - Major c
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Equivalent-Barotropic Atmosphere Co
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Thermal Wind (Remember?)The thermal
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Written in general form:tAiA i = de
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Example of a diagnostic equation:Co
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NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTIONLECTURE
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Model ComponentsForecast:This repre
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Model ComponentsDynamics:In NWP, dy
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Parameterized Processes and Paramet
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Parameterizing Sub Grid-Scale Proce
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Accounting for the Effects of Physi
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Outlook As computer power increases
Page 114 and 115: DiscussionThe correct choices are (
Page 116 and 117: 1- NWP EquationsIn NWP, future valu
Page 118 and 119: 2-The Primitive Equations
Page 120 and 121: Horizontal advection of west-to-eas
Page 122 and 123: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 124 and 125: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 126 and 127: Temperature Forecast EquationTime c
Page 128 and 129: Hydrostatic or Vertical MomentumEqu
Page 130 and 131: Physical ProcessesAll of the foreca
Page 132 and 133: How Models Solve the ForecastEquati
Page 134 and 135: Representing the Forecast Variables
Page 136 and 137: 3-Grid Point: Data RepresentationGr
Page 138 and 139: 4-Grid Point ModelsIn the real atmo
Page 140 and 141: 5- SPECTRAL MODELHow Data are Repre
Page 142 and 143: Use of Grid Point Methods in Spectr
Page 144 and 145: Impacts of Grid Point Physics Calcu
Page 146 and 147: 7- Hydrostatic Models Most grid poi
Page 148 and 149: Non-Hydrostatic Models In addition,
Page 151 and 152: HYDROSTATIC MODELS Characteristics
Page 153 and 154: References Carr, F.H., 1988: Introd
Page 155 and 156: The dependent variables in this set
Page 157 and 158: Problems in finding suitable latera
Page 159 and 160: Conditions whichOnemakeBIGthe primi
Page 161 and 162: Courant-Friederichs-Lewy criteria C
Page 163: Setting up a Numerical Model Grid p
Page 167 and 168: Sigma Coordinate System (σ)p• De
Page 169 and 170: Convective ParameterizationSchemes
Page 171: «Computations indicate that a perf
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Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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