Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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5 Major Steps in the Production of an NWP ModelObservations All models require obs from an area larger than their forecast domain Forecasts longer than 2-3 days require global data sets Global Telecommunications System (GTS) gathers and disseminates conventional data tonearly all countriesAnalysis Objective analysis – obs checked for errors and interpolated to grid on which modelatmosphere is representedInitialization Adjusts the analyzed data so that the model and data are dynamically consistent Ensures no “noise” is generated when forecast beginsForecast System of forecast eqns marched forward in time until desired forecast length is reachedOutput Forecast maps produced and sent to users, including computations of many quantities notdirectly forecast by the model Forecasts verified to document model errors and biases in order to formulateimprovements in the future.
Courant-Friederichs-Lewy criteria Criteria states that the (Maximum) time step of the model mustbe small enough to capture the fastest moving wave on themodel grid This is determined bytd2ct = time step, d = grid distance, c = speed of fastest waveExample: If you know d = 150 miles and the speed of the fastest wave is 700mph, the length of the time step needed to capture the wave can be calculated.t150mi2700mihr.152hr60min9.1min
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ATMOSPHERIC MODELINGNUMERICAL WEATH
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MTO477Brief History of Meteorology
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Excerpts from Aristotle’sMeteorol
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The Forces of a Parcel of Air
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Atmospheric Model Aerosol processes
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Highlights 1955 - First Operational
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Highlights 1996 - AVN/MRF changed t
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Highlights2001 (November) - Major c
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Equivalent-Barotropic Atmosphere Co
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Thermal Wind (Remember?)The thermal
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Written in general form:tAiA i = de
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Example of a diagnostic equation:Co
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NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTIONLECTURE
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Model ComponentsForecast:This repre
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Model ComponentsDynamics:In NWP, dy
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Parameterized Processes and Paramet
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Parameterizing Sub Grid-Scale Proce
Page 110 and 111: Accounting for the Effects of Physi
Page 112 and 113: Outlook As computer power increases
Page 114 and 115: DiscussionThe correct choices are (
Page 116 and 117: 1- NWP EquationsIn NWP, future valu
Page 118 and 119: 2-The Primitive Equations
Page 120 and 121: Horizontal advection of west-to-eas
Page 122 and 123: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 124 and 125: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 126 and 127: Temperature Forecast EquationTime c
Page 128 and 129: Hydrostatic or Vertical MomentumEqu
Page 130 and 131: Physical ProcessesAll of the foreca
Page 132 and 133: How Models Solve the ForecastEquati
Page 134 and 135: Representing the Forecast Variables
Page 136 and 137: 3-Grid Point: Data RepresentationGr
Page 138 and 139: 4-Grid Point ModelsIn the real atmo
Page 140 and 141: 5- SPECTRAL MODELHow Data are Repre
Page 142 and 143: Use of Grid Point Methods in Spectr
Page 144 and 145: Impacts of Grid Point Physics Calcu
Page 146 and 147: 7- Hydrostatic Models Most grid poi
Page 148 and 149: Non-Hydrostatic Models In addition,
Page 151 and 152: HYDROSTATIC MODELS Characteristics
Page 153 and 154: References Carr, F.H., 1988: Introd
Page 155 and 156: The dependent variables in this set
Page 157 and 158: Problems in finding suitable latera
Page 159: Conditions whichOnemakeBIGthe primi
Page 163 and 164: Setting up a Numerical Model Grid p
Page 165 and 166: Horizontal resolution Horizontal re
Page 167 and 168: Sigma Coordinate System (σ)p• De
Page 169 and 170: Convective ParameterizationSchemes
Page 171: «Computations indicate that a perf
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Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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