Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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6 primitive equations are considered a closed system if:1. Expressions can be found for F x , F y , H, E, and P in termsof the known dependent variables2. There are suitable initial conditions over the domain3. Suitable lateral boundary conditions for the dependentvariables are formulated (for regional models); allmodels need boundary conditions at the top andbottom levels
Problems in finding suitable lateral boundaryconditions and expressions for Fx, Fy, H, E and PFor lateral conditions – effect of (topography) mountains have to be included inthe model via the lower boundary condition and choice of vertical coordinate.Fx and Fy are ―friction‖ terms which modify the momentum equations – raisesneed for the addition of physics to primitive eqs.The diabatic heating term H also consists of several effects which can bewritten: H = H L (ascent) + H C (convection) + Hr + H SParameterization problem – trying to express subgrid–scaleprocesses in terms of the large-scale dependent variablesEvaporation (E) can be due to moisture flux from surface and evaporation ofprecipitationPrecipitation Rate—related to H L and H C , precipitation efficiency…
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ATMOSPHERIC MODELINGNUMERICAL WEATH
Page 3 and 4:
MTO477Brief History of Meteorology
Page 5:
Excerpts from Aristotle’sMeteorol
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The Forces of a Parcel of Air
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Atmospheric Model Aerosol processes
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Highlights 1955 - First Operational
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Highlights 1996 - AVN/MRF changed t
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Highlights2001 (November) - Major c
Page 92 and 93:
Equivalent-Barotropic Atmosphere Co
Page 94 and 95:
Thermal Wind (Remember?)The thermal
Page 96 and 97:
Written in general form:tAiA i = de
Page 98 and 99:
Example of a diagnostic equation:Co
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NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTIONLECTURE
Page 102 and 103:
Model ComponentsForecast:This repre
Page 104 and 105:
Model ComponentsDynamics:In NWP, dy
Page 106 and 107: Parameterized Processes and Paramet
Page 108 and 109: Parameterizing Sub Grid-Scale Proce
Page 110 and 111: Accounting for the Effects of Physi
Page 112 and 113: Outlook As computer power increases
Page 114 and 115: DiscussionThe correct choices are (
Page 116 and 117: 1- NWP EquationsIn NWP, future valu
Page 118 and 119: 2-The Primitive Equations
Page 120 and 121: Horizontal advection of west-to-eas
Page 122 and 123: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 124 and 125: Additional Information: Coriolis Fo
Page 126 and 127: Temperature Forecast EquationTime c
Page 128 and 129: Hydrostatic or Vertical MomentumEqu
Page 130 and 131: Physical ProcessesAll of the foreca
Page 132 and 133: How Models Solve the ForecastEquati
Page 134 and 135: Representing the Forecast Variables
Page 136 and 137: 3-Grid Point: Data RepresentationGr
Page 138 and 139: 4-Grid Point ModelsIn the real atmo
Page 140 and 141: 5- SPECTRAL MODELHow Data are Repre
Page 142 and 143: Use of Grid Point Methods in Spectr
Page 144 and 145: Impacts of Grid Point Physics Calcu
Page 146 and 147: 7- Hydrostatic Models Most grid poi
Page 148 and 149: Non-Hydrostatic Models In addition,
Page 151 and 152: HYDROSTATIC MODELS Characteristics
Page 153 and 154: References Carr, F.H., 1988: Introd
Page 155: The dependent variables in this set
Page 159 and 160: Conditions whichOnemakeBIGthe primi
Page 161 and 162: Courant-Friederichs-Lewy criteria C
Page 163 and 164: Setting up a Numerical Model Grid p
Page 165 and 166: Horizontal resolution Horizontal re
Page 167 and 168: Sigma Coordinate System (σ)p• De
Page 169 and 170: Convective ParameterizationSchemes
Page 171: «Computations indicate that a perf
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Slayt 1 - RTC, Regional Training Centre - Turkey

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