Mangrove Forest Restoration in Andhra Pradesh, India - Global ...
Mangrove Forest Restoration in Andhra Pradesh, India - Global ...
Mangrove Forest Restoration in Andhra Pradesh, India - Global ...
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<strong>Mangrove</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> <strong>Restoration</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Andhra</strong> <strong>Pradesh</strong>, <strong>India</strong>Untawale, 1996). <strong>Restoration</strong> of mangroves started <strong>in</strong> Indonesia <strong>in</strong>the early 1960’s (Soemodihardjo et al., 1996) and an area of about38,923 ha of mangroves were restored till 1992. Macnae, (1968)planted Rhizophora apiculata <strong>in</strong> the newly accreted soils <strong>in</strong> Sri Lankafor better stabilization of the area and to facilitate the trapp<strong>in</strong>g ofsediments. Goforth and Thomas (1979) have reported the plant<strong>in</strong>gof mangroves <strong>in</strong> Florida for reduc<strong>in</strong>g the erosive action of the sea.In <strong>Andhra</strong> <strong>Pradesh</strong>, the <strong>Forest</strong> Department <strong>in</strong>itiated restorationof mangroves <strong>in</strong> Godavari by canal digg<strong>in</strong>g dur<strong>in</strong>g 1991. The canalswere dug perpendicular to the river and the side canals were at rightangles to the ma<strong>in</strong> canal. The staff of the <strong>Forest</strong> Department weretaken on an exposure visit to the Pichavaram mangroves whererestoration was done by MSSRF. After observ<strong>in</strong>g the restoration atPichavaram, the FD started digg<strong>in</strong>g canals at 30 0 from the ma<strong>in</strong>canal from 1999 onwards. This reduces the rate of siltation of canalsand also facilitates easy flow of tidal water. Till now an area of 2,000ha have been restored by the <strong>Forest</strong> Department <strong>in</strong> Godavari andKrishna <strong>Mangrove</strong>s.4.2. Methodology for restoration of degraded mangrovesat presentA survey of the entire Godavari and Krishna mangroves wascarried out to identify the degraded areas. Floristic studies andvegetation survey were undertaken <strong>in</strong> n<strong>in</strong>e Reserve <strong>Forest</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Godavarimangroves and eight Reserve <strong>Forest</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Krishna mangroves us<strong>in</strong>gremote sens<strong>in</strong>g FCC images. The floristic study helped <strong>in</strong> determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gthe nature of degraded areas and the species composition to <strong>in</strong>cludespecies for genetic composition while plant<strong>in</strong>g seedl<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> thedegraded areas. In this process, degraded patches of mangroves havebeen identified to an extent of 4,195 ha <strong>in</strong> Godavari and 12,629 <strong>in</strong>Krishna. These degraded patches have been plotted with GPS and aGIS database has been developed.Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was also conducted foridentify<strong>in</strong>g the degraded areas through various methods, namely11
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