Promoting a culture of health and safety at work in cement plants - ijcer
Promoting a culture of health and safety at work in cement plants - ijcer
Promoting a culture of health and safety at work in cement plants - ijcer
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Intern<strong>at</strong>ional Journal Of Comput<strong>at</strong>ional Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Research (<strong>ijcer</strong>onl<strong>in</strong>e.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8<strong>Promot<strong>in</strong>g</strong> a <strong>culture</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>cement</strong> <strong>plants</strong>Taleb Mounia 1, Chaib Rachid 2 , Chetouani Yahyia 31 Electromechanical m<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g department, Larbi Tebbessi University, Tébessa, Algeria2 Transport eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> environment labor<strong>at</strong>ory, Mentouri University, Constant<strong>in</strong>e, Algeria3 Chemical eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g department, Rouen University, FranceAbstract:Safety is a priority <strong>of</strong> any <strong>in</strong>dustrial activity. It is a positive cultural element th<strong>at</strong> allows other improvements <strong>in</strong> thefactory. An adm<strong>in</strong>istr<strong>at</strong>ion th<strong>at</strong> does not <strong>at</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> to manage <strong>safety</strong> is not <strong>in</strong> a position to manage other functions. However, as<strong>work</strong> accidents <strong>and</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>ional diseases have an enormous impact on the <strong>health</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> considerable economic <strong>and</strong>social impacts. In addition, with the <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g complexity <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial tissue <strong>and</strong> with the rapidity th<strong>at</strong> the techniques develop<strong>in</strong> the big factories, risks assessment becomes a crucial <strong>and</strong> str<strong>at</strong>egic answer to preserve <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> on the oneh<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g a qualified labour on the other h<strong>and</strong>. These are d<strong>at</strong>a, among others, th<strong>at</strong> have triggered the alarm signal<strong>and</strong> impose the necessity <strong>of</strong> an <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>safety</strong> <strong>in</strong> the factories. Therefore, a priori assessment <strong>of</strong> these risks <strong>and</strong> theimplement<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> a prevention approach with<strong>in</strong> a factory is required to become one <strong>of</strong> the ma<strong>in</strong> drivers <strong>of</strong> progress. Hence, forsome employers, employees <strong>and</strong> their represent<strong>at</strong>ives, <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> do not mean so much. In addition, with thepermanent evolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>, even its risks, it becomes <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly <strong>in</strong>sufficient to establish general <strong>safety</strong> rules <strong>of</strong>, rely<strong>in</strong>gsolely upon st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> regul<strong>at</strong>ions to comply [1], but move to awareness, <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion, tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> motiv<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> staff onthe role <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, steps previously required for the implement<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> a prevention, even to a mitig<strong>at</strong>ionmeasures relevant <strong>and</strong> effective. Th<strong>at</strong> allows to def<strong>in</strong>e a general policy <strong>of</strong> prevention <strong>and</strong> to br<strong>in</strong>g to successful management <strong>of</strong><strong>in</strong>dustrial risk with<strong>in</strong> the entity. Hence, it has become essential to give all staff a real sense <strong>of</strong> <strong>safety</strong> th<strong>at</strong> will predict <strong>and</strong> act <strong>in</strong>very affective way; objective <strong>of</strong> this <strong>work</strong>.This article presents a technique <strong>of</strong> analysis to better underst<strong>and</strong> the dynamic <strong>of</strong> the policy <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong><strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> established <strong>in</strong> the <strong>cement</strong> <strong>plants</strong>.Keywords: <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, promote <strong>health</strong>, evalu<strong>at</strong>ion, accidents, prevention, sensitiz<strong>at</strong>ion.1. IntroductionThe policy <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> is not only a m<strong>at</strong>ter <strong>of</strong> laws <strong>and</strong> regul<strong>at</strong>ion s. These are essential <strong>and</strong>must be strictly applied <strong>at</strong> each company, even <strong>at</strong> each <strong>work</strong>place. However, with labour market rapidly chang<strong>in</strong>g, all the <strong>work</strong>accidents cannot be avoided. Henceforth, with the <strong>in</strong>tensity <strong>of</strong> human activity, its ever-<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g pace <strong>and</strong> the permanent<strong>in</strong>tervention <strong>of</strong> man, the risk is always present. Moreover, there are <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> th<strong>at</strong> do not mean so much. Bu tto get a measurable improvement <strong>in</strong> <strong>work</strong><strong>in</strong>g conditions <strong>and</strong> reduction <strong>of</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>ional accidents <strong>and</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>iona l diseases, it isnecessary to unite them <strong>at</strong> a range <strong>of</strong> other <strong>in</strong>struments such as <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion, sensitiz<strong>at</strong>ion, tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, social dialogue, goodpractices, social responsibility <strong>of</strong> companies, economical <strong>in</strong>citements <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegr<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>in</strong>to a process <strong>of</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uous improvement<strong>at</strong> the HSW. The daily drama <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong> accidents calls an energetic reaction <strong>of</strong> all the concerned actors, as much as level <strong>of</strong>factories st<strong>at</strong>e <strong>and</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers. Today, the programs are more focused on the emergence <strong>of</strong> new risks rel<strong>at</strong>ed to changes <strong>in</strong> theworld <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>and</strong> society. Now, the <strong>safety</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> took the community str<strong>at</strong>egies form. Despite the progress <strong>in</strong> thisfield, the current community str<strong>at</strong>egy aims to reduce by 25% <strong>work</strong> accidents across the UE union by 2012.To <strong>at</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> thisobjective, all actors are <strong>in</strong>vited to take action <strong>at</strong> all levels-European, n<strong>at</strong>ional, local <strong>and</strong> <strong>work</strong>place.Therefore, tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to account <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> becomes a n<strong>at</strong>ional objective to achieve <strong>in</strong> order to preserve<strong>in</strong>dustrial performance. However, an <strong>in</strong>dustrial company needs to rely upon all its strength to not only improve performance,but to be the best <strong>in</strong> its field, keep<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> th<strong>at</strong> any change <strong>in</strong> <strong>culture</strong> takes time <strong>and</strong> must consider the particularity <strong>of</strong> the factory[2]. Thus, achiev<strong>in</strong>g to a cont<strong>in</strong>uous reduction, susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>and</strong> homogeneous <strong>work</strong> accidents <strong>and</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>ional diseases is animposed necessity. Th<strong>at</strong> is why it is urgent to deal with the problem from all sides <strong>in</strong> rel<strong>at</strong>ion with the HSW. Thus, everyth<strong>in</strong> ghas to be done to avoid any accident th<strong>at</strong> breaks or h<strong>and</strong>icaps a human life; objective <strong>of</strong> this <strong>work</strong>2. Causes <strong>of</strong> accidents <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>The development <strong>and</strong> implement<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> coherent n<strong>at</strong>ional str<strong>at</strong>egies are a major concept <strong>and</strong> a fundamental pillar <strong>of</strong>the community str<strong>at</strong>egy objectives. The passage to new s tr<strong>at</strong>egies based on the <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion is a global phenomenon. In 2006,the ILO adopted its promotional frame<strong>work</strong> for <strong>safety</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>and</strong> the WHO adopted a global action plan 2008 -2017on <strong>health</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers.||Issn 2250-3005(onl<strong>in</strong>e)|| ||December||2012|| Page 318
Intern<strong>at</strong>ional Journal Of Comput<strong>at</strong>ional Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Research (<strong>ijcer</strong>onl<strong>in</strong>e.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8In addition, many countries do not belong to the UE have developed SHW str<strong>at</strong>egies more clear <strong>and</strong> comprehensiveefforts <strong>and</strong> set priorities for <strong>safety</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, case <strong>of</strong> our country. However, it is very difficult to conv<strong>in</strong>ce theemployers <strong>and</strong> the decision makers th<strong>at</strong> improv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>work</strong><strong>in</strong>g conditions can be pr<strong>of</strong>itable [3] <strong>and</strong> th<strong>at</strong> the improvement <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong><strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> can gener<strong>at</strong>e an enormous economical benefits, not only for the factories, but also for society as a whole[3,4].Th<strong>at</strong> is why, to engage <strong>in</strong> a process <strong>of</strong> a cont<strong>in</strong>uous improvement <strong>in</strong> a subject <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, the evalu<strong>at</strong>ion isrequired [5]. Causes <strong>of</strong> accidents recorded <strong>in</strong> 07 <strong>cement</strong> <strong>plants</strong> are presented as follows <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten l<strong>in</strong>ked to:- Lack <strong>of</strong> experience <strong>and</strong> motiv<strong>at</strong>ion;- The high turnover <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>at</strong> the <strong>work</strong>place;- Ephemeral labor rel<strong>at</strong>ionships;- Complex situ<strong>at</strong>ion on <strong>work</strong>place;- Lack <strong>of</strong> communic<strong>at</strong>ion, <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> awareness;- Insufficient practices;- Insufficient <strong>safety</strong> <strong>of</strong> a mach<strong>in</strong>e;- Some careless;- High pace <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>;- Stress;- Total absence <strong>of</strong> preventive <strong>safety</strong> str<strong>at</strong>egy;- Lack <strong>of</strong> clear str<strong>at</strong>egy on <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;- Lack <strong>of</strong> awareness <strong>of</strong> responsibilities;- Lack <strong>of</strong> means <strong>and</strong> resources to deploy <strong>and</strong> to support solutions <strong>in</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;- Insufficient <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>of</strong> employees <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> general direction;- Question<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the exist<strong>in</strong>g organiz<strong>at</strong>ional processes;- An underestim<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> the consequences less-evalu<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>ional <strong>in</strong>jury (WA <strong>and</strong> OD);- Weak awareness <strong>of</strong> the perspectives <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;- Lack <strong>of</strong> human resources, f<strong>in</strong>ancial resources <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion to manage <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;- Burn-<strong>in</strong> presence or <strong>in</strong>terior resign<strong>at</strong>ion [6], <strong>in</strong> all sectors: body be present <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, but absent mentally or physicallyill;- Some people <strong>in</strong>sist on <strong>work</strong><strong>in</strong>g even if they are not alright <strong>and</strong> even when a doctor recommends a few days <strong>of</strong>f;- Lack <strong>of</strong> hygiene, organiz<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>at</strong>mosphere;- Potential benefits <strong>of</strong> better management <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> are <strong>of</strong>ten unrecognized.3. The <strong>work</strong> objectiveConscious <strong>of</strong> the importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial <strong>safety</strong> control for the future <strong>of</strong> the <strong>cement</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry <strong>in</strong> our country <strong>and</strong> to promote a <strong>culture</strong><strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, it is hoped to <strong>in</strong>iti<strong>at</strong>e a deep collective reflection on the entire issues raised by technologic al risks. The majority<strong>of</strong> our <strong>cement</strong> <strong>plants</strong> have very limited human resources, f<strong>in</strong>ancial resources <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion to manage <strong>health</strong> security <strong>in</strong> their community. Inaddition, they are <strong>of</strong>ten difficult to jo<strong>in</strong> by organiz<strong>at</strong>ions th<strong>at</strong> may <strong>of</strong>fer support on the one h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> tak<strong>in</strong>g awareness <strong>of</strong> the problem <strong>of</strong> illbe<strong>in</strong>g<strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> by the public op<strong>in</strong>ion across medi<strong>at</strong>ed cases on the other h<strong>and</strong>. These c<strong>at</strong>astrophes have emerged the ill-be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> as asociety fact <strong>and</strong> a stake <strong>of</strong> public deb<strong>at</strong>e. Now, the best way to save is to avoid accidents. How? By support<strong>in</strong>g <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>in</strong> thefactory with <strong>work</strong>ers concert. And if there are accidents, the best way to m<strong>in</strong>imize expenses is to ensure th<strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers can quickly return <strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong> a susta<strong>in</strong>able way to <strong>work</strong>. For th<strong>at</strong>, the factory should identify <strong>and</strong> assess all potential risks associ<strong>at</strong>ed with the occup<strong>at</strong>ion [7]. This is whyour goal is to promote a <strong>culture</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, even to energize a policy to <strong>at</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> as quickly as possible a remarkable decrease<strong>and</strong> a measurable improvement <strong>in</strong> <strong>work</strong><strong>in</strong>g conditions (reduction <strong>of</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>ional accidents <strong>and</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>ional diseases), primarily <strong>in</strong> the sectorsmost exposed: the trend towards zero accident <strong>and</strong> thus empower <strong>and</strong> establish a policy <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> each <strong>cement</strong> plant. The problem isprimarily cultural: a collective awareness th<strong>at</strong> too <strong>of</strong>ten depends on crisis situ<strong>at</strong>ions is needed. Therefore, this paper orients the reader toprogressively implement<strong>in</strong>g a policy <strong>of</strong> prevention, based ma<strong>in</strong>ly on awareness, <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion, motiv<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> regul<strong>at</strong>ion. It should allowfactories managers, employees <strong>and</strong> their represent<strong>at</strong>ives [8] to:- Atta<strong>in</strong> the better control <strong>of</strong> occup<strong>at</strong>ional risks;- Respect the physical <strong>in</strong>tegrity <strong>of</strong> each, with a proper evalu<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> implement<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> preventive measures, tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>toaccounts the <strong>work</strong> organiz<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> its technical <strong>and</strong> human components;- Help respect<strong>in</strong>g the legisl<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>in</strong> effect;- Improve <strong>work</strong><strong>in</strong>g conditions <strong>and</strong> the employee’s welfare;- Engage <strong>in</strong> a process <strong>of</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uous improvement <strong>in</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;- Widely, improve <strong>work</strong> conditions <strong>in</strong> a cont<strong>in</strong>uous <strong>and</strong> susta<strong>in</strong>able development <strong>and</strong> a susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>culture</strong> <strong>of</strong> prevention <strong>at</strong>the entity.The reasons <strong>of</strong> this ambition are multiples:||Issn 2250-3005(onl<strong>in</strong>e)|| ||December||2012|| Page 319
Intern<strong>at</strong>ional Journal Of Comput<strong>at</strong>ional Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Research (<strong>ijcer</strong>onl<strong>in</strong>e.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8 The well-be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> employees, <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> are foremost priorities to protect <strong>work</strong>ers. This objec tivegoes beyond all others <strong>and</strong> expla<strong>in</strong> alone the urgency <strong>of</strong> mobiliz<strong>at</strong>ion; The life <strong>and</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> their welfare <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> also br<strong>in</strong>g more value to society as a whole <strong>and</strong> <strong>at</strong> eachfactory <strong>in</strong> particular; Indeed, <strong>in</strong> a secondary way, economically it is also a m<strong>at</strong>ter <strong>of</strong> economic justice, equality <strong>and</strong> fair lawful competition.A <strong>health</strong>y <strong>work</strong>place can improve public <strong>health</strong> <strong>in</strong> general as well as productivity <strong>and</strong> competitiveness <strong>of</strong> factories.F<strong>in</strong>ally, issues <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> cost very expensive to <strong>work</strong>ers, to factories <strong>and</strong> to society as a whole. More goodpractical <strong>work</strong><strong>in</strong>g conditions enhance <strong>work</strong>ers productivity <strong>and</strong> improve the quality <strong>of</strong> goods <strong>and</strong> services..4. MethodologyThe analysis <strong>of</strong> event d<strong>at</strong>a can be extremely useful for underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g where, how, <strong>and</strong> when <strong>work</strong>place accidentsoccur. It can also help the factory employees to determ<strong>in</strong>e priority actions <strong>and</strong> the best time to <strong>in</strong>tervene. In other words, itcontributes to the process <strong>of</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g a str<strong>at</strong>egy for manag<strong>in</strong>g performance <strong>in</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>. Performance required<strong>in</strong> this area <strong>and</strong> economic issues associ<strong>at</strong>ed will lead <strong>safety</strong> services to be <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> <strong>work</strong> accidents, their consequences alstakes br<strong>in</strong>g security services to become <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> <strong>work</strong>s accidents, <strong>and</strong> organiz<strong>at</strong>ions they result. These concerns areexpressed <strong>and</strong> tre<strong>at</strong>ed through the envisaged concepts <strong>and</strong> methods. This article presents an analysis technique to betterunderst<strong>and</strong> the dynamics <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> policy <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> established with<strong>in</strong> <strong>cement</strong> <strong>plants</strong>. This is a cens us <strong>of</strong> the differentcauses <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong> accidents listed <strong>in</strong> 07 <strong>cement</strong> <strong>plants</strong>. These causes have been formul<strong>at</strong>ed over a questionnaire form filled up <strong>at</strong>least by 100 <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> their represent<strong>at</strong>ives <strong>in</strong> each <strong>cement</strong> plant. An <strong>in</strong>itial study <strong>at</strong> the Elma Labiod cemen t plant gave thefollow<strong>in</strong>g results, table 1.Table 1. Personal reactions on the accidents causes <strong>in</strong> the entity.Number <strong>of</strong> causes Yes No1 96 42 83 173 56 444 68 325 85 156 68 327 70 308 96 49 70 3010 94 611 80 2012 67 3313 73 2714 84 1615 68 3216 51 4917 41 5918 62 3819 79 2120 78 2221 81 1922 72 2823 70 3024 14 86Notice: Accord<strong>in</strong>g to the result <strong>of</strong> survey carried out <strong>at</strong> the <strong>cement</strong> factory <strong>of</strong> Elma Labiod, it can be noticed th<strong>at</strong> the factory isfar from the regul<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>in</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>and</strong> th<strong>at</strong> much rema<strong>in</strong>s to be done to develop a risk <strong>culture</strong>for all <strong>and</strong> ensure a level <strong>of</strong> acceptable <strong>safety</strong>. Now, well-be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> is everyone’s bus<strong>in</strong>ess. Health <strong>and</strong> <strong>safety</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>should not be restricted to a few companies <strong>at</strong> the forefront <strong>of</strong> will<strong>in</strong>g social progress or whose leaders are particularly sensitiveto the issue. In close collabor<strong>at</strong>ion; the public authority <strong>and</strong> all field players must perform the daily <strong>work</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion a ndexplan<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> risk prevention measures.These can only be successful if everyone is widely <strong>and</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uously <strong>in</strong>volved. Therefore, it has become essential togive all staff a real sense <strong>of</strong> <strong>safety</strong> th<strong>at</strong> will anticip<strong>at</strong>e <strong>and</strong> act very effectively. To carry out t his campaign, a methodology <strong>of</strong><strong>work</strong> consists <strong>of</strong> 7 stages is proposed, namely:1. Consciousness <strong>and</strong> sensitiz<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>in</strong>dustrial <strong>safety</strong> concept;2. Return <strong>of</strong> experience;3. Draw up a map <strong>of</strong> accidents;||Issn 2250-3005(onl<strong>in</strong>e)|| ||December||2012|| Page 320
Intern<strong>at</strong>ional Journal Of Comput<strong>at</strong>ional Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Research (<strong>ijcer</strong>onl<strong>in</strong>e.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 84. Release priority actions <strong>of</strong> the appropri<strong>at</strong>e prevention;5. Seek appropri<strong>at</strong>e solutions by us<strong>in</strong>g the Ishikawa diagram (7M);6. Establish an action plan for implement<strong>at</strong>ion;7. Evalu<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> recommended results.5. ConclusionSafety is a priority <strong>of</strong> any <strong>in</strong>dustrial activity. It is a positive cultural element th<strong>at</strong> allows further improvements <strong>in</strong> thefactory. Hence, the well-be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> is everyone’s bus<strong>in</strong>ess [9]. Th<strong>at</strong> is why, if a better protection <strong>of</strong> employees is to be<strong>at</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed, a change <strong>of</strong> perspective is needed, who should know wh<strong>at</strong> is happen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> can happen to organize their lives <strong>and</strong>have good reflexes <strong>in</strong> case <strong>of</strong> emergency. Once, the responsibilities are clarified <strong>and</strong> understood by all, many improvementswould be so easier to achieve. In fact, it is to <strong>in</strong>crease transparency <strong>and</strong> develop a common language <strong>and</strong> common vocabularyfor pr<strong>of</strong>essionals <strong>and</strong> their represent<strong>at</strong>ives on m<strong>at</strong>ters rel<strong>at</strong><strong>in</strong>g to risk all partners <strong>and</strong> establish <strong>and</strong> dissem<strong>in</strong><strong>at</strong>e thiscommunic<strong>at</strong>ion tools. As a result, many university <strong>of</strong>ficials, teachers <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial represent<strong>at</strong>ives hav e understood the neednecessity <strong>and</strong> the opportunity to teach general <strong>safety</strong> issues <strong>and</strong> with its specific rules.References[1] R. Chaib, M. Benidir <strong>and</strong> I. Verzea, Risks evalu<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>in</strong> a company: Case <strong>of</strong> eng<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> tractors factory, World Journal <strong>of</strong> Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g.Vol.3, N°.4 (2006), Pp 88-94. Sun Light Publish<strong>in</strong>g, Canada. ISSN 1706-5284.[2] Jean Bufferne, La TPM : un système de production, Techno méca, Technologie 155, Avril 2008, Pp24-31.[3] Jos C.M. Moss<strong>in</strong>k, Pourquoi et comment procédés à des évalu<strong>at</strong>ions économiques au niveau de l’entreprise ? Série protection de la santédes travailleurs N°2, Bibliothèque de l’OMS : Publié sous la direction de Deborak Imed Nelson, 2004, ISSN 1729-3502.[4] Rachid Chaïb, Ion Verzea, Mohamed Benidir <strong>and</strong> Ahmed Bellaouar; for susta<strong>in</strong>able development as regards prevention, <strong>safety</strong> <strong>and</strong><strong>health</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>in</strong> a company; <strong>in</strong>tern<strong>at</strong>ional symposium <strong>in</strong> knitt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> apparel – iska 2010, iasi, november 19 – 20, 2010.[5] ACFCI, Guide pour la mise en place par étapes d’un système de management de la santé et de la sécurité au travail, I.S.B.N. 2-85723-466-X, Dépôt légal : Octobre 2007 ;[6] Monique Legault Faucher, Vous avez dit présentéisme ? Prévention au travail Hiver 2009, Pp 34-38.[7] S. Auduberteau et K. Gan<strong>in</strong>o; La prévention des risques pr<strong>of</strong>essionnels : hygiène et sécurité au travail, collection "les diagnostics del'emploi territorial" hors série N°5, Direction Recrutement et Protection Sociale, octobre 2003.[8] Bellilet. G et Benyounes. M, Contribution à l’amélior<strong>at</strong>ion de la sécurité <strong>in</strong>dustrielle dans les entreprises, PFE (DEUA) université deConstant<strong>in</strong>e, Département de génie mécanique, juillet 2006, 136p.[9] Aour. S, Laacheche. A et Meloul. N, Contribution à l’optimis<strong>at</strong>ion de la sécurité <strong>in</strong>dustrielle dans l’entreprise, PFE (DEUA) universitéde Constant<strong>in</strong>e, Département de génie mécanique, juillet 2007, 128p.AnnexesRel<strong>at</strong>ive questionnaire <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong> accidents <strong>in</strong> a <strong>cement</strong> plant: Elma Labiod <strong>cement</strong> plant, Tebessa, Algeria.1- Lack <strong>of</strong> experience <strong>and</strong> motiv<strong>at</strong>ion ;2- Important rot<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> <strong>work</strong> ;3- Ephemeral <strong>work</strong> rel<strong>at</strong>ionships;4- Complex situ<strong>at</strong>ion on <strong>work</strong> site ;5- Lack <strong>of</strong> communic<strong>at</strong>ion, <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> sensitiz<strong>at</strong>ion ;6- Insufficient practices;7- Insufficient <strong>safety</strong> <strong>of</strong> mach<strong>in</strong>e ;8- Certa<strong>in</strong> rashness ;9- Well <strong>work</strong> pace;10- au stress,11- Total absence <strong>of</strong> <strong>safety</strong> prevention str<strong>at</strong>egy ;12- Lack <strong>of</strong> clear str<strong>at</strong>egy <strong>in</strong> a subject <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;13- Lack <strong>of</strong> responsability conscience ;14- Insufficient means <strong>and</strong> resources to display <strong>and</strong> live the solutions <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;15- Insufficient implic<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> general direction ;16- A discount <strong>in</strong> question <strong>of</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g organiz<strong>at</strong>ional processes;17- Consequences less-evalu<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> d’une lésion Pr<strong>of</strong>essional <strong>in</strong>jury (AT <strong>and</strong> MP) ;18- Weak conscience <strong>of</strong> given perspectives <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;19- Few human resources, f<strong>in</strong>ancial means <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion to manage <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>;20- Burn-<strong>in</strong> Presence or <strong>in</strong>terior resign<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>at</strong> level <strong>of</strong> all activity sectors : be body present <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong>, but absent m<strong>in</strong>ded or be sickphysically;21- Some people <strong>in</strong>sist to <strong>work</strong> even when it does not <strong>work</strong>, even when a doctor recommended some rest days ;22- Lack <strong>of</strong> hygiene, organiz<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> <strong>work</strong> <strong>at</strong>mosphere;23- Potential advantages <strong>of</strong>ten unrecognized <strong>of</strong> better management <strong>of</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> security <strong>at</strong> <strong>work</strong> ;24- Other causes.Note: This questionnaire has to be filled up <strong>at</strong> least by 70% <strong>of</strong> <strong>work</strong>ers <strong>in</strong> each <strong>cement</strong> plant.||Issn 2250-3005(onl<strong>in</strong>e)|| ||December||2012|| Page 321