JeanPaul_Sartre_JeanPaul_Sartre_Basic_Writing

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The work of art299object functions as analogue of itself in the past. But in one of the cases there is anegating and in the other a placing of the thing in the past. Paramnesia differs from theaesthetic attitude as memory differs from imagination.Note1 It is in this sense that a beginner in the theatre can say that stage-fright served herto represent the timidity of Ophelia. If it did so, it is because she suddenly turnedit into an unreality, that is, that she ceased to apprehend it for itself and that shegrasped it as analogue for the timidity of Ophelia.
16 PoliticsSartre’s massive and complex 1960 work Critique of Dialectical Reasonand its preface Questions of Method are a putative synthesis of existentialismand Marxism.On the face of it, existentialism and Marxism are mutually inconsistentphilosophies. Existentialism entails libertarianism, the doctrine that humanbeings have freedom of choice, but classical Marxism is deterministic. Marxand Engels thought that the economic organisation of a society causallydetermines all other facts about that society. In particular, the ideological‘superstructure’, the laws, religions, social mores and the behaviour ofindividuals, is caused by the ‘infrastructure’ or ‘economic base’.Marxism is also a kind of materialism, but Sartre’s existentialism placesan enormous emphasis on the existence of consciousness. Marxistmaterialism is not the eliminative thesis that everything is only physical.However, it is the thesis that unless there were physical things there couldbe nothing non-physical. In particular, social, abstract and mental changedepends on physical change. Sartre, however, frequently speaks as thougheach person’s consciousness were a quasi-Kantian ‘spontaneity’; arepository of free acts that has no physical prerequisite.Marxism entails a theory of history but existentialism emphasises thelived reality of the present time. Despite the occasional allusions to therevolutions of 1789 and 1848 in Being and Nothingness, Sartre, theexistential phenomenologist, has little to say about history. Marxism, incontrast, includes an account of how one form of socio-economicorganisation supplants another through class-struggle. In The GermanIdeology (1846) Marx and Engels claim that nomadic societies are replacedby settled agriculture over which feudal relations of land tenure areestablished. Feudalism is eventually destroyed by an emergent monied,
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Sartre in the world9Sartre entered
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2 ExistentialismExistentialism is t
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3 PhenomenologyThe ‘existential p
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5 BeingThe question What is being?
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7 The selfWhat is this subjective b
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11 Bad faithThe reality of our free
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13 PsychoanalysisThe Viennese docto
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Page 343 and 344: BibliographyChronological bibliogra
Page 345 and 346: 336 Bibliography1954Kean, ou Desord
Page 347 and 348: 338 BibliographyNotebooks for an Et
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