JeanPaul_Sartre_JeanPaul_Sartre_Basic_Writing

Writing261could write a good anti-semitic novel. But could not a writer recognise thattheir writing is the exercise of their own freedom and yet choose to write themost appalling laudits to suffering and injustice? Commitment in writingseems neither necessary nor sufficient for the morality of what is written: notnecessary because something moral could be the product of bad faith, notsufficient because something immoral could be the product of authenticity.If there is freedom either good or evil can be done freely.Sartre claims that the aesthetic imperative presupposes a moralimperative. Freedom is prior to both aesthetics and morality and freedom isthe ultimate value. Committed literature not only exercises andacknowledges freedom, it provokes it, and provokes its acknowledgement.In reading committed literature the reader is a pure freedom, an unconditionedactivity, and is conscious of being free. What is reading? Reading is a freedream.Writing is a political act. For Sartre a good society is a free society. We donot know what a free society would be like, precisely because it would beone we would be free to make. There can be no blueprint for a free society –no Platonic blueprint, no Marxist blueprint, no Christian or utilitarian blueprint.There is no a priori knowledge of a free society. Committed literature dissolvesthe readers’ bad faith and shows them their freedom, so it is the responsibilityof the intellectual to be engagé, committed to freedom.In the passages below from What is Literature? (1948) Sartre developsthe idea of la littérature engagée. In the one from The Family Idiot (1972),‘Absolute-Art’, he examines the possibilities of writing in the historicalsituation of post-romanticism in mid-nineteenth-century France.WHAT IS LITERATURE?Why write?Each has his reasons: for one, art is a flight; for another a means of conquering. But onecan flee into a hermitage, into madness, into death. One can conquer by arms. Whydoes it have to be writing, why does one have to manage one’s escapes and conquestsby writing? Because, behind the various aims of authors, there is a deeper and moreimmediate choice which is common to all of us. We shall try to elucidate this choice,and we shall see whether it is not in the name of this very choice of writing that theself-commitment of writers must be required.