JeanPaul_Sartre_JeanPaul_Sartre_Basic_Writing
JeanPaul_Sartre_JeanPaul_Sartre_Basic_Writing JeanPaul_Sartre_JeanPaul_Sartre_Basic_Writing
Temporality173Future. But conversely such a being can be for itself only in the perspective of a Notyet,for it apprehends itself as a nothingness—that is, as a being whose complementof being is at a distance from itself. At a distance means beyond being. Thus everythingwhich the For-itself is beyond being is the Future.What is the meaning of this “beyond?” In order to understand it we must note thatthe Future has one essential characteristic of the For-itself: it is presence (future) tobeing. And it is Presence of this particular For-itself, of the For-itself for which it is thefuture. When I say, “I shall be happy,” it is this present For-itself which will behappy; it is the actual Erlebnis with all which it was and which it drags behind it. Itwill be happy as presence to being; that is, as future Presence of the For-itself to a cofuturebeing. So that what has been given me as the meaning of the present For-itselfis ordinarily the co-future being in so far as it will be revealed to the future For-itselfas that to which this For-itself will be present. For the For-itself is the theticconsciousness of the world in the form of presence and non-thetic self-consciousness.Thus what is ordinarily revealed to consciousness is the future world withoutconsciousness’ being aware that it is the world in so far as it will appear to aconsciousness, the world in so far as it is posited as future by the presence of a Foritselfto come. This world has meaning as future only in so far as I am present to it asanother who I will be, in another position, physical, emotional, social, etc. Yet it is thiswhich is at the end of my present For-itself and beyond being-in-itself, and this is thereason why we have a tendency first to present the future as a state of the world andto make it appear subsequently on the ground of the world. If I write, I am consciousof the words as written and as about to be written. The words alone seem to be thefuture which awaits me. But the very fact that they appear as to be written implies thatwriting, as a non-thetic self-consciousness, is the possibility which I am. Thus theFuture as the future presence of a For-itself to a being drags being-in-itself along withit into the future. This being to which the For-itself will be present is the meaning ofthe in-itself co-present with the present For-itself, as the future is the meaning of theFor-itself. The Future is presence to a co-future being because the For-itself can existonly outside itself at the side of being and because the future is a future For-itself. Butthus through the Future a particular future arrives in the World; that is, the For-itselfis its meaning as Presence to being which is beyond being. Through the For-itself, aBeyond of being is revealed next to which the For-itself has to be what it is. As thesaying goes, “I must become what I was;” but I must become what I was-in a worldthat has become and in a world that has become from the standpoint of what it is. Thismeans that I give to the world its own possibilities in terms of the state which I
174Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic Writingsapprehend on it. Determinism appears on the ground of the futurizing project ofmyself. Thus the future will be distinguished from the imaginary, where similarly I amwhat I am not, where similarly I find my meaning in a being which I have to be butwhere this For-itself which I have to be emerges on the ground of the nihilation of theworld, apart from the world of being.But the Future is not solely the presence of the For-itself to a being situatedbeyond being. It is something which waits for the For-itself which I am. This somethingis myself. When I say that I will be happy, we understand that it is the present “I,”dragging its Past after it, who will be happy. Thus the Future is “I” in as much as Iawait myself as presence to a being beyond being. I project myself toward the Futurein order to merge there with that which I lack; that is, with that which if syntheticallyadded to my Present would make me be what I am. Thus what the For-itself has to beas presence to being beyond being is its own possibility. The Future is the ideal pointwhere the sudden infinite compression of facticity (Past), of the For-itself (Present),and of its possible (a particular Future) will at last cause the Self to arise as theexistence in-itself of the For-itself. The project of the For-itself toward the futurewhich it is is a project toward the In-itself. In this sense the For-itself has to be itsfuture because it can be the foundation of what it is only before itself and beyondbeing. It is the very nature of the For-itself that it must be “an always future hollow.”For this reason it will never have become, in the Present, what it had to be, in theFuture. The entire future of the present For-itself falls into the Past as the future alongwith this For-itself itself. It will be the past future of a particular For-itself or a formerfuture. This future is not realized. What is realized is a For-itself which is designatedby the Future and which is constituted in connection with this future. For example,my final position on the tennis court has determined on the ground of the future all myintermediary positions, and finally it has been reunited with an ultimate positionidentical with what it was in the future as the meaning of my movements. But,precisely, this “reuniting” is purely ideal; it is not really operative. The future does notallow itself to be rejoined; it slides into the Past as a bygone future, and the PresentFor-itself in all its facticity is revealed as the foundation of its own nothingness andonce again as the lack of a new future. Hence comes that ontological disillusion whichawaits the For-itself at each emergence into the future. “Under the Empire howbeautiful was the Republic!” Even if my present is strictly identical in its content withthe future toward which I projected myself beyond being, it is not this present towardwhich I was projecting myself; for I was projecting myself toward the future quafuture—that is, as the point of the reuniting of my being, as the place of the upsurgeof the Self.
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174Jean-Paul <strong>Sartre</strong>: <strong>Basic</strong> <strong>Writing</strong>sapprehend on it. Determinism appears on the ground of the futurizing project ofmyself. Thus the future will be distinguished from the imaginary, where similarly I amwhat I am not, where similarly I find my meaning in a being which I have to be butwhere this For-itself which I have to be emerges on the ground of the nihilation of theworld, apart from the world of being.But the Future is not solely the presence of the For-itself to a being situatedbeyond being. It is something which waits for the For-itself which I am. This somethingis myself. When I say that I will be happy, we understand that it is the present “I,”dragging its Past after it, who will be happy. Thus the Future is “I” in as much as Iawait myself as presence to a being beyond being. I project myself toward the Futurein order to merge there with that which I lack; that is, with that which if syntheticallyadded to my Present would make me be what I am. Thus what the For-itself has to beas presence to being beyond being is its own possibility. The Future is the ideal pointwhere the sudden infinite compression of facticity (Past), of the For-itself (Present),and of its possible (a particular Future) will at last cause the Self to arise as theexistence in-itself of the For-itself. The project of the For-itself toward the futurewhich it is is a project toward the In-itself. In this sense the For-itself has to be itsfuture because it can be the foundation of what it is only before itself and beyondbeing. It is the very nature of the For-itself that it must be “an always future hollow.”For this reason it will never have become, in the Present, what it had to be, in theFuture. The entire future of the present For-itself falls into the Past as the future alongwith this For-itself itself. It will be the past future of a particular For-itself or a formerfuture. This future is not realized. What is realized is a For-itself which is designatedby the Future and which is constituted in connection with this future. For example,my final position on the tennis court has determined on the ground of the future all myintermediary positions, and finally it has been reunited with an ultimate positionidentical with what it was in the future as the meaning of my movements. But,precisely, this “reuniting” is purely ideal; it is not really operative. The future does notallow itself to be rejoined; it slides into the Past as a bygone future, and the PresentFor-itself in all its facticity is revealed as the foundation of its own nothingness andonce again as the lack of a new future. Hence comes that ontological disillusion whichawaits the For-itself at each emergence into the future. “Under the Empire howbeautiful was the Republic!” Even if my present is strictly identical in its content withthe future toward which I projected myself beyond being, it is not this present towardwhich I was projecting myself; for I was projecting myself toward the future quafuture—that is, as the point of the reuniting of my being, as the place of the upsurgeof the Self.