SEG 45 Final_qx4 - Society of Economic Geologists

Celebrating a Century of Economic Geology 1905-2005
SEG www.segweb.org
OCTOBER 2005 NUMBER 63
The Founders of Economic Geology
Brian J. Skinner (SEG 1960 SF)
Part 4
These three brief biographies bring to
a close the vignettes of the 12 men
who played key roles in the founding
of Economic Geology a century ago.
These final three, Spurr, Lindgren,
and Ransome, like their founding
colleagues, were very interesting
people—interesting because they
were major forces in the development
of economic geology as a field, and
also because they led varied and
interesting lives.
Josiah Edward Spurr,
1870–1950
In a brief biography
for F.L. Ransome, published
in volume 30 of
Economic Geology,
Waldemar Lindgren
wrote that Spurr was
the man who first suggested
the need for a
journal devoted to
mineral deposits. The
suggestion was made in November or
December 1904. The first issue of Economic
Geology appeared in October 1905. When
it was decided that the new journal would
be most appropriately published by an
incorporated company rather than a
newly founded scientific society, Spurr
was elected first President of the Economic
Geology Publishing Company.
Born in Maine, educated at Harvard—
where he was strongly influenced by
NEWSLETTER
Professor N.S. Shaler—Spurr went to
work for the Minnesota Geological
Survey and made the first geological
map of the Mesabi Range. In 1894 he
was hired by the U.S.Geological Survey
and worked with S.F. Emmons at
Leadville, Colorado, then at Mercur in
Utah, and Aspen, Colorado. His Aspen
work is published in USGS Monograph
31. Assigned to mapping in Alaska during
the years of the Yukon gold rush,
Spurr is honored by the naming of Mt.
Spurr, an active volcano, after him.
There is a story in the Spurr family that
when Mt. Spurr, which is not far from
Anchorage, erupted about a year after
his death, a reporter asked his wife if
she thought her husband was trying to
contact her? To which she replied “Well,
I knew that Edward had passed on to
another world, but until today I had not
realized which one.”
Spurr left the U.S. Geological Survey
in 1906 to work for the American
Smelting and Refining Company, and
then in 1908 he moved full time to consulting,
in which role he was much
acclaimed. He was less acclaimed for
his theorizing on the nature of the oreforming
medium. He dispensed with
hydrothermal solutions and argued
instead for ore-magmas, which he envisioned
as highly concentrated and
dense magmatic residues. His twovolume
work detailing his ideas, Ore
Magmas; a Series of Essays on Ore Deposition,
was published in 1923 by the McGraw-
Hill Company. Despite skepticism for
his ideas about ore magmas, Spurr was
admired as an outstanding field
observer. In his examination of the
Velardeña district, Durango, Mexico, he
observed minerals formed by contact
metamorphism that he could not identify,
and thought might be new.
Examination of the minerals by F.E.
Wright of the Geophysical Laboratory
showed that two were new; one,
Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3), was named spurrite.
Ever active and ever enquiring, in
1937 Spurr became interested in the
geology of the moon. Eventually, in the
years 1944 to 1949, he
to page
published four books on 4 ...
Josiah, better known as J. Edward Spurr,
stands in the middle, flanked by Frank C.
Schrader (left) and Harold B. Goodrich. The
October 1896 image shows the three
dressed in field gear.
Photo Source: USGS Photo Library

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OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 3
SEG
NEWSLETTER
Nº 63—OCTOBER 2005
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Brian G. Hoal
NEWS EDITOR
Alice Bouley
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Christine Horrigan
Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
7811 Shaffer Parkway
Littleton, CO 80127 USA
Tel. +1.720.981.7882
Fax +1.720.981.7874
Email: seg@segweb.org
WEB PAGE:
http://www.segweb.org
Feature articles are
peer reviewed before they
are accepted for publication.
Please submit material to the
Executive Editor.
Tel. +1.720.981.7882
Fax +1.720.981.7874
E-mail: director@segweb.org
The SEG Newsletter is published quarterly in
January, April, July and October by the Society
of Economic Geologists, Littleton, Colorado,
exclusively for members of the Society.
Opinions expressed herein are those of the writers
and do not necessarily represent official
positions of the Society of Economic Geologists.
When quoting material from the SEG Newsletter
please credit both author and publication.
©2005 The Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
Designed & Produced by Type Communications
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— FOR CONTRIBUTORS —
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DEADLINE FOR NEWSLETTER #64:
November 30, 2005
Contents
FEATURE ARTICLE
5 Exploring For Deposits Under Deep Cover Using Geochemistry
NEWSLETTER COLUMNS
1 The Founders of Economic Geology, Part 4
6 From the Executive Editor
7 Presidential Perspective: Economic Geology — Science or Profession?
SEG NEWS
16 SEG Thayer Lindsley Lecture Tour – 2004
17 Mentoring: Regina Baumgartner, Student Member: An Interview
18 SEG Student Chapter News
19 $130,000 Available for Student Research Grants in 2006
20 SEG Forum on Gold Deposits: Part II
28 SEG Student Chapter Conference
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
21–Africa · 23–Alaska · 29–Asia · 32–Australasia · 34–Europe ·
37–South America · 40–Western Canada · 41–Western United States
MEMBERSHIP
43 SEG Membership: Candidates and New Fellows, Members and Student Members
45 Personal Notes & News
46 2006 Dues Notice
47 Explanation of Member Benefits for 2006
ANNOUNCEMENTS
2 Economic Geology Archive
6 Corrections and Amplifications
44 Northwest Mining 111th Annual Meeting
44 VIII Congreso Argentino de Geología Económica
44 Feria Internacional Minera 2005 – Medellín, Colombia
25-28 SEG 2006 Conference: Wealth Creation in the Minerals Industry
51 Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume (inside back cover)
52 SEG Contact Information (back cover)
PUBLICATIONS
48-49 Publications Order Form
CALENDAR
50 Calendar
ADVERTISERS—
2 Actlabs, Ltd. (inside front cover)
14 Anzman, Joseph R.
24 Balbach Colorado, Inc.
14 Big Sky Geophysics
50 DeRuyter, Vernon
22 Geocon, Inc.
8 IMDEX Inc.
50 Kuhn, Paul W.
30 Laravie, Joseph A.
SEG 2006 DUES RENEWAL
AND MEMBERSHIP OPTIONS
(See pages 46–47)
38 Laurentian University
33 LTL Petrographics
22 Lufkin, John L., Ph.,D.
24 McKelvey, G.E.
33 Mining Activity Update
2 PANalytical (inside front cover)
36 Petrographic Consultants Intl.
15 Phelps Dodge
34 Recursos del Caribe S.A.
36 Resource Geosciences de Mexico
52 RockWare (back cover)
34 Shea Clark Smith
30 Sheahan-MDRU Literature Service
30 Sinclair Knight Merz
38 Spectral International, Inc.
6 Yerington, NV Course
15 Zonge Engineering & Research

4 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from the Cover
the subject. In a memorial, published in
the Proceedings of the GSA for 1968,
Jack Green writes of Spurr’s original
ideas about the moon. “…behind every
sketch was 50 years of field training.
Behind every analogue were decades of
mapping and observation.” Spurr’s
work has been recognized by the naming
of a lunar feature after him. At
Lunar latitude 27.9 N and longitude 1.2
W, adjacent to the landing site of
Apollo 15, is Spurr crater, 13 km in
diameter and partially covered by lava.
Spurr is credited with the suggestions
that led to the founding of the Society of
Economic Geologists in 1920, and was
Society President in 1923. His Presidential
Address on “The Origin of
Metallic Concentrations by Magmation”
is published on pages 617 to 638 of
Volume 18 of Economic Geology.
Frederick Leslie Ransome,
1868–1935
The first Secretary to
the Board of the
Economic Geology
Publishing Company,
and for 30 years, to the
day of his death, an
Associate Editor,
Ransome was a
devoted and hardworking
member of the small group of
people who founded and nurtured
Economic Geology to the stature it has
attained.
Born in England but brought to the
United States in infancy, Ransome grew
up in California, where his father was a
concrete pioneer, building the first concrete
building and first concrete bridge
in America. When Ransome entered the
University of California, Berkeley, there
seemed little chance he would become a
geologist. But in 1890, Andrew C.
Lawson, fresh from his PhD at Johns
Hopkins, arrived and fired Ransome’s
ambitions. Ransome graduated in 1893
and stayed on to complete a PhD in
1896. During that time he and Charles
Palache worked on a mineral they discovered
in the glaucophane schists of
Marin County—it turned out to be new
and they named it lawsonite.
Ransome joined the U.S. Geological
Survey in 1898 and was assigned to
California, where he worked on the
Mother Lode—the results appeared in
The Founders of Economic Geology (Continued)
1900 in USGS Atlas folio number 63.
From there he moved to Arizona, where
be studied Globe and Bisbee, published
in Professional Papers 12 and 21,
respectively. In 1904 he began a collaborative
study with Lindgren of the
Cripple Creek district, the result of
which is one of the classics of American
geology, Professional Paper 54. When
Ransome joined the Survey he worked
under the supervision of S.F. Emmons;
following Emmons death in 1911,
Lindgren succeeded as chief of the metals
division. Then, when Lindgren
became Chief Geologist in 1912,
Ransome became head of metals, a
position he held until he left the Survey
in 1923 and moved to the University of
Arizona in Tucson as professor of economic
geology. Four years later he
moved again when he was appointed to
a similar position at California Institute
of Technology in Pasadena, California.
Ransome was President of the Society
of Economic Geologists in 1927. His
Presidential address on “Directions of
Progress in Economic Geology” can be
read in volume 23 of the journal, pages
119 to 131.
Waldemar Lindgren,
1860–1939
Lindgren is probably
the most familiar
name among the
founders of Economic
Geology. It is familiar
because of the breadth
and depth of his writings
and because of
his impact on the
development of economic geology as a
field of study and scientific investigation.
Born in the southeast corner of
Sweden, near Kalmar, Lindgren was
raised in a well-to-do and aristocratic
family. Much attention was paid to his
education and he developed a fluency
in several modern languages—training
that served him well in later life, even
though his interests were more with science
than languages. A brief working
experience at the zinc mines at Ämmeberg
at the end of high school convinced
him that geology was his calling,
and he entered the Bergakademie
at Freiberg, Saxony, in 1878. A brief discussion
of his training at this famous
Photo Source: Library of Congress, Washington, DC
old school was published in SEG
Newsletter number 43, October 2000,
pages 30 to 32.
After graduation as a mining engineer
and surveyor and a further year
spent studying chemistry and petrography,
Lindgren sailed to United States
and landed a job working under the
direction of Raphael Pumpelly on the
Northern Transcontinental Survey. On
completion of the survey at the end of
1883, he worked as an assayer in
Montana, then on smelter design at
Anaconda. At the end of 1884, on the
recommendation of Pumpelly, he joined
the U.S. Geological Survey as a member
of the staff of George F. Becker. He
remained with the Survey for 31 years,
rising to Chief Geologist in 1911.
During his Survey years, Lindgren was
author or co-author of a number of
classic papers and monographs. Among
the classics is the first detailed study of a
disseminated, or porphyry copper at
Clifton-Morenci in Arizona, published
in USGS Professional Paper 43 in 1905,
and in 1906, with F.L. Ransome, the
Cripple Creek, Colorado Professional
Paper 54.
Lindgren was appointed professor of
economic geology at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in 1912, in
which position he remained until his
retirement in 1933. The work for which
Lindgren is best known was published
soon after he arrived at MIT, his classic
text Mineral Deposits. The text ran
through four editions, the last in 1933,
and was the standard against which all
other texts in economic geology were
measured for the first half of the 20 th
century. Lindgren’s thoughts and ideas
continue to pervade the literature of
economic geology today.
Lindgren was a founding member
of both the Economic Geology
Publishing Company and the Society
of Economic Geologists. He was second
President of the Society, in 1922. His
Presidential address on “Concentration
and Circulation of the Elements from
the Standpoint of Economic Geology”
can be read in volume 18 of Economic
Geology, pages 419 to 442. The paper
is an attempt to trace the geochemical
cycling of a number of chemical
elements, and is a fascinating insight
into the thoughts of a seminal
scientist. 1

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 5
Exploring For Deposits Under
Deep Cover Using Geochemistry
Eion M. Cameron †, Eion Cameron Geochemical Inc., Carp, Ontario K0A 1L0, Canada, Matthew I. Leybourne, Department
of Geosciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083-0688, USA, and David L. Kelley (SEG 1990 F) Newmont
Technical Facility, 10101 E. Dry Creek Rd., Englewood, Colorado 80112
INTRODUCTION
In a recent article in the SEG Newsletter, Roy Woodall drew attention to the challenge
of finding ore deposits under deep cover. He highlighted the importance of
structure: “…recognition of pathways for magma and fluid transport is highly relevant
for effective ore search under deep cover. Structures not only focus the transport
of ore metals and the ubiquitous carbon and sulfur, they also focus energy,
which is the most critical and often forgotten essential component for the genesis
of a major ore deposit” (Woodall, 2005).
Over the period 1999 to 2002, the Canadian Mining Industry Research
Organization (CAMIRO), supported by 26 companies, sponsored the project
“Deep-Penetrating Geochemistry” to provide the mining industry with knowledge
about processes that may form anomalies at surface over buried deposits, and to
provide comparative data on methods used to detect these anomalies. The study
areas were the porphyry belt of northern Chile, the Carlin belt of Nevada, and the
Abitibi belt of Ontario. In Chile and Nevada, both seismically active regions, the
work demonstrated the importance of structure and recent tectonism in the formation
of anomalies, bearing out Woodall’s remarks. Here we discuss the influence of
structure on surface anomalies at the Mike gold-copper deposit, Nevada, and at
the Spence copper deposit, Chile—work that is described in more detail by
Cameron et al. (2004), and Cameron and Leybourne (2005).
4518000N
† Corresponding author: e-mail, eioncam@attglobal.net
300 m
Soap Creek Fault Zone
563000E 564000E
High-Grade Cu
D-Day Fault
A
Hillside Fault
WEST
MIKE
Lower-Grade Cu
B
Soil Sampling
Line
Roberts Mountain Thrust
MAIN
MIKE
Good Hope
Fault
1a 1b
Nebulous Fault Zone
N-P Dog Fault
C
4518000N
300 m
Soil Sampling Line
563000E
28 o
A
MIKE DEPOSIT
The Mike deposit, hosted by sedimentary
rocks of Paleozoic age, was discovered
by Newmont in 1989 while drilling
on structural trends northwest from the
previously discovered Tusc and Gold
Quarry deposits into an area with a
thick cover of Carlin Formation rocks.
The first comprehensive account of the
geology of the deposit was by Teal and
Branham (1997). The Good Hope fault
is the boundary between two portions of
the Mike deposit (Fig. 1a): the Main
Mike, with a geological resource estimate
of 43.2 Mt at 1.17 g/t Au and 76
Mt at 0.22% Cu, and the West Mike,
with an estimated 110 Mt at 0.86 Au
and 74 Mt at 0.28% Cu (Teal and
Branham, 1997). At Main Mike, copper
mineralization consists
of a subhorizontal
to page
supergene oxide and 9 ...
B
564000E
FIGURE 1. The Mike deposit. (1a) Basement (Paleozoic) geology with solid lines showing faults and outlines of the copper zones. This is mainly
derived from maps by Newmont Inc. with additional faults (D-Day, Hillside, Nebulous, and North-Pointing Dog) from Norby and Orobona
(2002). (1b) Surface topography, with contours in 25 ft intervals. Based on the topographic features, three faults, A, B, and C, were interpreted
by Cameron and Doherty (2001) to cut the Carlin Formation, which covers the deposit. These interpreted faults are also shown in Figure 1a,
which shows that they lie close to and parallel with faults mapped in the basement by Norby and Orobona (2002): fault B with the Nebulous
fault zone, fault C with the North-Pointing Dog fault. These pairs are interpreted to be the same faults, the offsets between their positions at the
surface and in the basement being due to a westerly dip. The topographic feature marking fault A may be the surface expression of the
westerly dipping D-Day fault, or a down-faulted block between the D-Day and Hillside faults. Eastings and northings in meters.
C

6 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
FROM THE EXECUTIVE EDITOR
This is the final issue of the SEG
Newsletter that celebrates the centenary
of Economic Geology, our preeminent
publication. The Economic Geology One
Hundredth Anniversary Volume incorporates
1,146 pages that capture the state
of our science from the collective perspectives
of leaders in the field. Together with
a comprehensive digital appendix, this
publication promises to be an industry
benchmark for years to come. The volume
is set to roll off the printing presses
in October this year, precisely 100 years
after publication of the very first issue of
Economic Geology. There are many people
responsible for accomplishing this
remarkable feat, the most visible being
the editors, the authors, and the sponsors.
All of these contributors will be
prominently acknowledged in the publication
itself. It is equally important that
we recognize other key contributions—
especially with respect to the timeliness
of publication—made by Alice Bouley,
managing editor at SEG, and Mabel
Peterson, contract copyeditor. The entire
CORRECTIONS AND AMPLIFICATIONS
In the October 2004 SEG Foundation Contributions
acknowledgments (p. 7), David A. Groves’ country affiliation
should have been listed as USA.
In the July 2005 Economic Geology Invited Commentary
column (p. 41), the authors of the original paper are
Andrew Kerr and Alison M. Leitch.
In the July 2005 feature article by Dominic Channer et al.
(p. 5, 13–22), acknowledgment was made of miscellaneous
public domain information; the author plans to
issue an addendum specifying sources. This will appear in
a future issue.
process also benefited enormously from
the assistance and guidance provided by
both Brian Skinner and John Thoms,
respectively former and present chairs of
the Publications Board.
Somewhat less predictable than the
traditional printing process followed by
the 100th Anniversary Volume has
been the parallel production of the
Hugo Dummett Memorial Economic
Geology Archive, a DVD product that
captures 792 issues of Economic Geology
from the period 1905–2004. The technology
employed merges two regular
DVD-Rs into a single DVD-9, or doubledensity
DVD that can accommodate the
entire 7 to 8 gigabytes of information.
At the time of writing, I have reviewed
several prototypes and was suitably
impressed by the speed and utility of
this research tool. The Society will demo
the DVD at the GSA meeting in Salt
Lake City and members may place
orders for the product at that time. Over
the past 18 months in carrying out the
digital archiving of Economic Geology, I
received tremendous
assistance
from Jean
Thoms, formerly
head of
Subscription
Services. Jean
recently retired
from the SEG—
not, we hope, as
a result of her
Herculean effort
on this project.
Major contributors
to the DVD are prominently
BRIAN G. HOAL
SEG Executive Director
and Editor
acknowledged on the product but the
instrumental participation of a few is,
as for the 100th Anniversary Volume,
not as noticeable. In particular, I wish
to thank the President of the SEG
Canada Foundation, Gerry Carlson, for
his strong support and his role in raising
the significant funds required to
carry out this initiative.
Happy Centenary, Economic
Geology! 1
ANATOMY OF A TILTED PORPHYRY Cu
BATHOLITH AND ITS HYDROTHERMAL
ALTERATION FEATURES, YERINGTON,
NEVADA (U.S.A)
Instructors: John Dilles, Oregon State University
Dick Tosdal, MDRU
Full course: April 8-15, 2006
Field trip only: April 11-13, 2006
The course revolves around an 8-day field trip and mapping
exercise at Yerington, Nevada, where Jurassic porphyry
Cu, related deposits, and volcanic and plutonic
complex are exposed in cross section because of Tertiary
extension. The course is an opportunity to enhance skills
in detailed field geologic mapping techniques for recording
age, structural, and igneous information as well as
hydrothermal veining, mineralization, and alteration.
Mapping exercises are in porphyry Cu and skarn deposits.
A field trip through the Yerington Batholith, volcanic
cover rocks, porphyry Cu, and related Na-Ca alteration
and Fe oxide-Cu (Au) systems complete the course.
There is an option to attend only the field trip.
Contact John Dilles (dillesj@geo.oregonstate.edu) or Dick
Tosdal (mdru@eos.ubc.ca) for details. Cost and registration
information available at www.mdru.ubc.ca. Deadline
for registration is March 8, 2006.
PAID ADVERTISEMENT

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 7
PRESIDENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
Economic Geology — Science or Profession?
Exactly 100 years ago, in the first issue
of Economic Geology, Dr. Fredrick L.
Ransome wrote in the journal’s first
article, “Geologists as a class have
looked upon the economic branch of
their science with rather languid interest
or have even regarded it as occupying
a somewhat lower plane where the
pure light of science is slightly dimmed
by the smoke of commercialism.”
The tension Ransome noted between
science and commercialism, between
those who work in Surveys or academic
laboratories and those who are
employed by mines or mineral exploration
companies is still with us. As
Ransome noted, it is a healthy tension
that enables our field to embrace the
wide range of the natural sciences and
their practical application.
However, over the past several
decades there appears to have been a
branching within economic geology
into an academic sector and an applied
sector. While many of the SEG’s publications
focus on the former, most of our
members work in the latter. To address
concerns of many of our industrial
members, SEG is sponsoring the 2006
meeting, Wealth Creation in the Minerals
Industry. While this meeting will aid in
remarrying the two sides of our Society,
these tensions have profound implications
for the future of the profession.
I have been lucky enough to work in
both industry and academia. There is
no doubt that they are different worlds.
Industry values discoveries and ways to
produce more metal more cheaply.
Science is critical in these endeavors,
but rewards in industry are for practical
applications. In academia, rewards are
given for publications and presentations,
and for successfully teaching and
graduating students. To get published
in the best journals (including Economic
Geology) requires “high tech” science
and application of analytical tools.
Good field mapping is valued but is
rarely published in Science or Nature.
Garnering research funding from mining
and exploration companies is
acknowledged in academia, but since
most companies refuse to pay full overhead
rates required by academic institutions
(at least in the United States and
increasingly in other countries), its
value for academic advancement is
much lower than fully overheaded
research funding from governmental
organizations such as the U.S. National
Science Foundation (NSF) or the
European Science Foundation.
The reward ladder in academia
results in academic geologists focusing
more and more on relatively narrow
research questions using very sophisticated
analytical capabilities. The results
are scientifically fascinating and provide
important guides to our thinking
on the formation of ore deposits, but the
research rarely leads directly to new discoveries
or novel means of mineral production.
Most young economic geologists
throughout the world are trained at
universities. The professors doing the
training are excellent scientists who do
outstanding research, but increasingly
they have less and less industrial experience.
Many have not worked in a
mine or been actively engaged at a
managerial level in mineral exploration.
As a consequence, many economic
geology students graduate with a
high level of scientific competence and
the ability to think critically, but little
practical experience or sense of community
values for the industrial field they
are entering.
Current economic geology education
has close parallels in what is happening
in American business schools. Professors
Bennis and O’Toole of the University of
Southern California, writing recently in
the Harvard Business Review, stated,
“During the past several decades, many
leading B schools have quietly adopted
an inappropriate—and ultimately selfdefeating—model
of academic excellence.
Instead of measuring themselves
in terms of the competence of their
graduates, or by how well their faculties
understand important drivers of business
performance, they measure themselves
almost solely by the rigor of their
scientific research. Some of the research
produced is excellent, but because so little
of it is grounded in actual business
practices, the focus of graduate business
education has become increasingly circumscribed—and
less and less relevant
to practitioners” (2005).
The situation Bennis and O’Toole
describe for American business schools
mirrors what we have seen worldwide
in economic geology
over the past
half century.
Economic geology
in the academic
sphere has
become scientifically
rigorous.
The results of the
research provide important insights into
mantle processes, magma differentiation
and cooling, metal behavior in critical
fluids, etc. While these insights can
help clever exploration geologists determine
new models for ore genesis, the
research rarely has an immediate bottom
line impact on business. More
emphasis is needed to ensure that the
science developed in academia can be
applied industrially.
Perhaps more importantly, academic
research is not only conducted by professors
but also by the students earning
advanced (MS and PhD) degrees in economic
geology. While some of these students
will go on to become academics
and follow in their mentors’ footsteps,
most students are looking for employment
in industry. Are what they are
being taught and the research they are
conducting really relevant for the business
world they will enter? I think it is
clear that in many cases, the answer is
“no.”
Company disillusionment with
academia and the consequent difficulty
in securing significant industrial financial
support for academic programs
may have much to do with the differing
goals of academic and industry economic
geologists. We all respond to
rewards. For most academics this is
gaining tenure through high quality
scientific publications and successful
governmental research grants. The
tenure process generally does not place
a high value on producing graduates
who easily and successfully make the
transition into industry.
Most academic economic geologists,
or even departments with a focus on
economic geology research, do not have
the background to be able to teach the
practical basis of economic geology—
which includes excellent geology and
geochemistry but also the values and
pitfalls of differing
exploration geophysical
MURRAY W. HITZMAN
SEG President
2005
to page 8 ...

8 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 7
Presidential Perspective (Continued)
and geochemical techniques, the intricacies
of ore reserve estimation, 3-D computer
modeling skills, strategic exploration
design, mineral economics, and
increasingly the social and humanistic
skills required of geologists to secure
social license for their company’s operations.
As Bennis and O’Toole (2005)
state, business is “a human activity in
which judgments are made with messy,
incomplete, and incoherent data.”
Applied economic geology involves such
“messy” data both in the science, but
also in our inevitable interactions with
people as part of the exploration and
mining business.
Given the existing divergence in our
field between the academic and the
applied, what is to be done? The first step
is to recognize the problem. Bennis and
O’Toole (2005) wrote that “The distinction
between a profession and an academic
discipline in crucial.” In the early
20 th century, economic geology was
taught at both universities and at
schools of mines—the latter largely trade
schools for the mining industry. Schools
of mines have essentially disappeared
from the academic world or metamorphosed
into institutes of technology. We
cannot go backward to the trade school
paradigm, but it may be worth trying, as
Bennis and O’Toole (2005) suggest, “to
strike a new balance between scientific
rigor and practical relevance.”
Accomplishing this task will not be
easy and it will require commitment
from both the academic and industrial
communities. For many schools, practical
relevance will not be an option. Most
academic administrations will not have
the patience to undertake the re-organization
of what is a very small and generally
unprofitable (academic institutions
are businesses too!) part of their
organization.
Industry needs to identify the few
schools that have an orientation that
will allow practical research and teaching
to flourish. Critically, industry will
have to provide significant financial
support to ensure that school administrations
nurture and follow such a path.
Without such support there will be no
incentive for schools to reward academics
for applied research and for
teaching students the practicalities of
mineral exploration and production. If
the funding from “pure” research bodies
such as NSF exceeds the money available
from industry for “applied”
research, universities will obviously follow
the larger pot of funding.
There is urgency to this task. Very few
schools worldwide retain the ability to
undertake the sort of applied research
and education required by industry.
However, the mining industry does not
employ large numbers of people.
Probably five schools worldwide could
IMDEX/Cascabel –
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provide the industry with the critical
personnel needed. Schools themselves
will not undertake this selection process.
Without significant financial incentives
from industry, all schools will choose the
scientific route as a practical business
decision. Only a significant and stable
source of industrial funding will encourage
some schools to look to a professional
education in economic geology as
a worthy goal and a sound business
decision.
Economic geology is both a profession
and a scientific discipline.
Individuals in both spheres are critical
to our continued success at producing
the commodities that the world needs in
ways that are socially acceptable.
However, we are at a crossroads where
the world’s educational infrastructure is
about to totally embrace the scientific,
rather than applied, paradigm for economic
geology. Industry needs to step
up to the plate to ensure that education
can deliver both science and professional
training. With this step, industry
can ensure that it gets the best and
brightest to move mining confidently
into the 21 st century.
REFERENCES
Bennis, W.G. and O’Toole, J., 2005, How business
schools lost their way: Harvard
Business Review, v. 83 (5), p. 96–104. 1
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OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 9
... from 5
Exploring for Deposits Under Deep Cover Using Geochemistry (Continued)
sulfide blanket up to 120 m thick that
mainly underlies, but also overlaps,
largely oxidized Au mineralization.
Subsequent to supergene alteration, the
deposit was covered by up to 240 m of
Eocene Carlin Formation comprised of
piedmont gravel, finer clastic sediments,
waterlain tuff, and a basal conglomerate
and regolith that contains mineralized
(oxidized) clasts.
The most probable mechanism for
generating geochemical anomalies
through 240 m of postmineral cover is
by the movement of fluids or gases up
faults in this cover. Dohrenwend and
Moring (1991) carried out photo-geological
interpretations of recent faulting in
this region, and noted that faults could
be identified by a number of criteria,
the most relevant to the Mike area
being “prominent alignments of linear
drainageways, ridges and swales, active
springs or spring deposits, and linear
discontinuities of structure, rock type,
and vegetation.” This faulting, which
they assign to early to middle
Pleistocene time (0.13 to 1.5 Ma), with a
mean orientation of 028°, resulted in
dissection of the surface. The topography
of the Mike area (Fig. 1b) shows
deeply incised dry stream beds with orientations
close to 028°, which were
interpreted by Cameron and Doherty
(2001) to represent faults that cut the
Carlin Formation. Interpreted fault A is
marked by a stream and floodplain.
Faults B and C are marked by steepsided
valleys, which were dry during our
visits. The east slope of the valley marking
fault B is precipitous, which may
indicate a fault scarp. Climate is semiarid,
with sparse sagebrush vegetation.
A soil sampling line was chosen that
was normal to the strike of the interpreted
faults cutting the Carlin Formation.
Soils were collected from sites at 30
m intervals; at each site, sub-samples
were taken from a depth of 40 to 50 cm
from five holes dug within a radius of
1.5 to 3.0 m. The five sub-samples were
mixed to form a composite sample.
Composite samples reduce sampling
error, permitting less distinct anomalies
to be identified. The soils were found to
be immature with a weak B-horizon
below 15 to 30 cm and a low organic
content, except in alluvial soils around
the stream that marks Channel A.
Analyses of the soils after aqua regia
extraction are shown in Figure 2. There
are strong anomalies for Au and Cu on
the steep west-facing (scarp) slope of the
dry valley along fault B. There are no
recognizable anomalies for these elements
where the sampling line crosses
fault A. A number of other elements
show anomalies along the sampling
line, the most prominent being Zn and
Cd Aqua Regia, ppm
Cu Aqua Regia, ppm
Au Aqua Regia, ppb
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0
60
40
20
0
16
12
8
4
0
Cadmium
Copper
Gold
Fault'A'
Cd. Cadmium shows a distinct anomaly
along the scarp slope of fault B and a
weaker anomaly where the line crosses
fault A.
During the period of 1999 to 2001,
when our work on Mike
was being carried out, to page 10 ...
Fault 'B'
0 500 1000 1500 m
FIGURE 2. Plots of Au, Cu, and Cd by aqua regia extraction in soils from the line shown in
Figure 1. Zero on the horizontal scale is at the northwest limit of the line. The strongest
anomalies are found in the eastern (scarp) slope of the valley formed by fault B. This valley
is the surface expression of the Nebulous fracture zone that dips west to the basement
to form the bounding structure for secondary mineralization in the West Mike (Norby and
Orobona, 2002)

10 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 9
Exploring for Deposits Under Deep Cover Using Geochemistry (Continued)
the strong anomalies for Zn and Cd
were enigmatic. Why would these elements
be strongly anomalous over an
Au-Cu deposit? Further drilling by
Newmont described by Norby and
Orobona (2002) revealed the presence of
a deposit-wide blanket of sphalerite concentrated
in the upper 60 m of the sulfide
zone, approximately 500 m below
surface. The secondary Zn blanket, containing
1 to 4% Zn, contains submicrometer-sized
framboids of sphalerite
that have extremely low values for δ 34 S,
down to –70‰, indicative of bacterial
reduction of sulfate during supergene
alteration (Bawden et al., 2003).
Cadmium is a ubiquitous constituent of
sphalerite, with contents typically in the
range 0.1 to 0.8% (Piatak et al., 2004).
Newmont is currently measuring the Cd
content of the sphalerite-rich zone.
Preliminary results give average Cd/Zn
ratios above that obtained from crustal
abundance data for these elements.
Norby and Orobona (2002) provide
additional structural detail for the
deposit. The interpreted post-Carlin
Formation fault B, where the strongest
geochemical anomalies are found at the
surface, corresponds to the Nebulous
fracture zone, which forms the boundary
structure for the West Mike secondary
mineralization, including the Zn-rich
zone (John Norby, pers. commun., 2003).
Its location in the basement was recognized
by gravity contrast caused by offsets
along the basement unconformity.
This fault has a westerly dip (Norby and
Orobona, 2002), and thus the surface
trace (fault B) shown by the topographic
relief is east of the gravity expression in
the basement (Figure 1a). Similarly, fault
C is the surface expression of the westerly
dipping North-Pointing Dog fault of
Norby and Orobona (2002). Fault A may
be the surface topographic expression of
a westerly dipping D-Day fault or a
down-faulted block between the
D-Day and Hillside faults. North-northeast–striking
faults, such as the
Nebulous, locally control gold mineralization
and also down-drop mineralization
and the base of oxidation. There are
landslides along the southwest projections
of the Nebulous and D-Day faults
(John Norby, pers. commun., 2003),
which may reflect recent earthquakes.
We interpret the anomalies at the
surface intersection of the Nebulous
fracture zone to be the result of mobilization
of metals where the permeable
fault zone cuts the ores, and pumping
of the resulting metalliferous fluids up
the fault. It is likely that it was the constituents
of the sulfide zone that were
the most amenable to oxidation and
mobilization. In addition to Au, Cu, Cd,
and Zn, other elements such as Ag, As,
Ba, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, and V are
anomalous along the surface intersection
of the Nebulous fault. Major elements
such as K and Na, which might
indicate hydrothermal alteration, are
not enhanced. Isotopic studies by
Dublyansky et al. (2003) at the Yucca
Mountain nuclear waste disposal site,
also in Nevada, have shown that fluids
of deep-seated origin have moved up
several hundred meters along a permeable
fault through a thick vadose zone.
SPENCE DEPOSIT
Spence is a supergene-enriched copper
porphyry deposit located between
Antofagasta and Calama in the
Atacama Desert of northern Chile.
RioChilex discovered the deposit in
1996 by reconnaissance drilling.
Porphyry intrusion and hypogene mineralization
took place during the
Palaeocene. Following supergene
enrichment, the deposit was covered by
50 to 100 m of piedmont gravels of
Miocene age. The gravels are indurated
and for the most part are poorly sorted
with a fine grained matrix that makes
them relatively impermeable, except
where fractured or in better sorted layers,
as near their base. Copper minerals
are atacamite and brochantite within
the oxide zone, and chalcocite and covellite
in the enriched zone. The primary
sulfides comprise chalcopyrite, bornite,
molybdenite, tennantite, and pyrite.
Reserves recoverable by open-pit mining
are 79 Mt of oxide ore at 1.18% Cu
and 231 Mt of sulfide ore at 1.13% Cu.
The long axis of the deposit and the
porphyry intrusions trend north-northeast,
similar to the orientation of a
prominent lineament that runs through
the area. We carried out sampling of
soils and groundwaters within and
around the deposit in 1999 and 2000;
results are described by Cameron et al.
(2004) and Cameron and Leybourne
(2005).
In this region, groundwater flows
southwest. Over most of the deposit, the
water table lies within the basal gravels,
which act as an aquifer, but in the
south of the deposit it lies below the
unconformity. Contents of Cl in the
groundwaters (Fig. 3) show two distinct
types of groundwater: low-salinity water
east of the long axis of the deposit, and
saline water west and downstream from
the axis. There is an order of magnitude
difference in the Cl content of the two
waters, which average 1,300 mg/L and
11,600 mg/L, respectively. The maximum
for the saline water is 21,200
mg/L, compared to seawater with
19,000 mg/L Cl. The saline water is distinguished
by high contents of a number
of elements, most notably As (Fig. 3)
and Se, but also, B, Br, Ca, I, K, Li , Mg,
Sr, and Rb (Cameron and Leybourne,
2005).
The two waters are also distinguished
by differences in their isotopic composition.
On a δ 2 H vs. δ 18 O plot (Fig. 4), the
low-salinity waters plot near the global
meteoric water line (GMWL), whereas
the saline waters plot well to the right
(Cameron and Leybourne, 2005). Formation
waters recovered from deep sedimentary
basins are different from meteoric
waters, both in their higher salinity
and the deviation in δ 2 H and δ 18 O values
from the GMWL. The saline groundwaters
from Spence plot within the field
of formation waters indicating that the
waters found on either side of the axis
of the deposit are of different origins:
those to the east are meteoric waters,
those to the west are formation waters,
with mixing of the two as they flow
down-gradient towards the southwest.
The Atacama Desert is hyper-arid;
rainfall may occur only once every few
years. Recharge for the groundwater
that lies beneath the desert floor is in
the Andes mountains and foothills ca.
120 km to the east, and precipitation is
significant only above altitudes of 3,000
m (Spence lies at 1,700 m). The δ 18O
composition of precipitation varies with
the altitude of the land surface, becoming
increasingly negative with greater
altitude. In northern Chile, Aravena et
al. (1999) found values of δ 18O in the
range –5 to –7 ‰ at 2,500 m altitude,
decreasing to –20 ‰ above 4,000 m.
The least saline of the Spence groundwaters,
which are interpreted to be of
meteoric origin, range in δ 18 O from –8
to –11 ‰, consistent with derivation
from precipitation at higher altitudes
east of Spence.
Over the deposit, Cu is enriched in
both saline and meteoric waters (Fig. 5),

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 11
7482000N
7481000N
7480000N
473000E 474000E
475000E 476000E 473000E 474000E
475000E 476000E
10500
8500
Cl mg/l
15100
21200 6900 900
Groundwater
Flow
8600
7100
15000
7000
11200 00
13500 350
6600 660
as a result of oxidation of the Cu minerals
within the deposit, but high values
do not persist downflow from the
deposit. Copper dissolves in groundwaters
as a cation Cu 2+, which is readily
adsorbed on negatively charged Fe and
Al oxyhydroxide colloids and coatings.
17500
200
1700
3900
2400 24
13600 00
600 60
n/a
100
100
33200
n/a
200
1000
Approximate Limits
of Mineralization
By contrast, higher values for Mo, As,
and Se persist in the downflow waters.
The latter three elements dissolve as
anions, which are not adsorbed by oxyhydroxide
colloids. In order to determine
which elements are most prone to
be adsorbed on oxyhydroxide colloids
50
36
As, ppb
93
73
33 71
29

12 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 11
7482000N
7481000N
7480000N
7479000N
13
Exploring for Deposits Under Deep Cover Using Geochemistry (Continued)
473000E 474000E
475000E 24 476000E
10
Cu ppb
Analyses of the soils showed that
zones of high conductivity of soil-water
slurries is due to the dissolution of NaCl
(Na is shown in Fig. 6). Figure 6 also
shows As and Se by Enzyme Leach, and
Cu by Enzyme Leach, Mobile Metal Ions
(MMI), and aqua regia. Enzyme Leach
and MMI are proprietary leach methods
designed to extract the weakly soluble
fraction of metals, whereas aqua regia
is a strong reagent that dissolves a
much higher proportion of the total element
in the soil. The active reagents in
the Enzyme Leach solution are hydrogen
peroxide and gluconic acid, the former
solubilizing manganese oxides and
their contained metals, with the gluconic
acid stabilizing the metals in solution.
In the soils from Spence, Enzyme
Leach dissolves approximately the same
amounts of elements as deionized
water, but provides more reproducible
analyses. The formulation of the MMI
leach has not been revealed, but contains
reagents that extract the most
readily soluble fraction of elements,
including those in carbonates.
Sodium, As, and Se are all enriched
in the soils lying above the fracture
zone over the deposit and in the soils
13
Groundwater
Flow
14
14
19 191
195
1200 200
121
812
10
224
88
48
25
955
1180
4490
53
9
41
127 27
12
29
Boundary between
saline and non-saline
waters
Approximate Limits
of Mineralization
above the eastern fracture zone. Copper
is enriched only in soils over the
deposit. The anomaly/background contrast
for Cu is much better for Enzyme
Leach and MMI analyses than for aqua
regia (Fig. 6). Much of the anomalous
Cu in soils over the deposit is hosted by
carbonate minerals. Analyses after
extraction by ammonium acetate, a
reagent that specifically dissolves carbonates,
shows even higher values for
Cu than MMI, but similar
anomaly/background contrast
(Cameron et al., 2004).
We have interpreted these results to
be caused by pumping of saline basement
waters to the surface during earthquake
activity (Cameron et al., 2002,
2004). We interpret the data to indicate
two faults in the basement, one directly
along the axis of the deposit, and the
other coincident with the eastern fracture
zone. Saline water with high contents
of As and Se were moved to the
surface above the deposit and above the
eastern fracture zone. Copper is only
enriched in groundwaters within the
deposit and these were entrained by the
rising basement waters and taken to the
surface. There is no increase in Cu in
473000E 474000E
475000E 476000E
60 0
15
Mo, ppb
24
263
105
354
45
2
53
66
Soil Traverse
63
5
18
221
222
25
33
38
soils above the eastern fracture zone.
Drilling has shown the basement in this
area to be barren. The above scenario is
summarized in Figure 7. Saline water
moves up from the basement along the
axis of the deposit, where it mixes with
meteoric water flowing in from the east.
During earthquake activity, the basement
water, plus mineralized water
bathing the deposit, is forced to the surface.
As noted by Woodall (2005), structures
form pathways for magma, fluids,
and energy. Thus, the interpreted fault
zone along the axis of the deposit could
have provided a pathway for porphyry
magma, hypogene fluids, the fracturing
of the mostly impermeable cover gravels
during reactivation, and the movement
of groundwaters to the surface.
These points are unproven, but with
mining of the deposit now commenced
by BHP-Billiton, more definitive answers
are expected.
DISCUSSION AND
CONCLUSIONS
7
40
69
Approximate Limits
of Mineralization
FIGURE 5. Plots of Cu and Mo (both in ppb) in groundwaters from in and around the Spence deposit. The line running roughly north-south
near the axis of the deposit on the Cu plot separates low salinity meteoric waters to the east from saline deep formation waters to the
west (Fig. 3). Within the deposit, higher values for Cu occur in both types of water, but are absent in the waters flowing away from the
deposit to the southwest. By contrast, higher values of Mo are present in the downflow waters. The location of the soil sampling traverse is
shown in the Mo plot. Eastings and northings in meters.
The use of soil geochemistry in the
search for buried deposits requires that
32
9
54
136
9

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 13
2000
1600
1200
800
400
0
500
400
300
200
100
0
6000
4000
2000
As Enzyme Leach, ppb
Se Enzyme Leach, ppb
Na Deionized Water Leach, ppm
0
473500 474000 474500 475000 475500 476000
Spence
Deposit
elements be moved from depth to the
surface, either in gaseous form or dissolved
in water. In arid regions, advective
transfer, as by barometric pumping
of air containing gas through fractured
rock or seismic pumping of mineralized
groundwater through fractured rock,
appears to be more effective than diffusive
processes (Cameron et al., 2004).
The diffusion of gas through air and
rock is slower than advection, and diffusion
of dissolved constituents in the
water film that exists around grains in
the vadose zone is ineffective because
the rate that these films migrate downward
is orders of magnitude faster than
the upward rates of diffusion.
Exploration methods based on diffusion
(e.g., Hamilton, 1998; Smee, 2003) may
have greater application in regions like
the Canadian Shield, where recent
seismicity is rare, where the climate is
wetter, and where sediments of glacial
Eastern Fracture
Zone
120000
80000
40000
15000
10000
5000
origin that are generally unfractured
cover mineralized basement rocks.
In this article we have described two
examples from seismically active,
hyper-arid and semi-arid regions of
advective transfer of elements by
pumping of mineralized groundwater
along faults. Surface flooding of a
desert area, as envisaged at Spence,
appears counterintuitive. Nevertheless,
flooding after earthquakes has been
widely reported. Sibson (1981)
described changes in well water level,
spring flow, and occasional dramatic
effusions of groundwater immediately
following moderate to large shallow
earthquakes. Surface flows have been
documented in Iran during earthquakes
in 1903 and 1923 (Tchalenko,
1973). Following the Hebgen Lake
earthquake of Montana in 1959, three
rivers increased in flow by ~50%, the
increases continuing for several weeks
0
0
0
500
400
300
200
100
Cu Aqua Regia, ppb
Cu MMI, ppb
Cu Enzyme Leach, ppb
473500 474000 474500 475000 475500 476000
Spence
Deposit
Eastern Fracture
Zone
FIGURE 6. Analytical results for soils from an east-west traverse across the Spence deposit (for location see Fig. 5). Sodium concentrations
were measured by deionized water leach, Se and As by Enzyme Leach, and Cu by Enzyme leach, MMI, and aqua regia. There are fracture
zones in the gravels directly above the deposit and at 476000 m E. Eastings in meters.
through dry weather (Muir-Wood,
1994). After the Kern County,
California, magnitude 7.5 earthquake
of 1952 there were outpourings of
groundwater in the vicinity of faults,
and increases in spring flow and well
water level (Briggs and Troxell, 1955).
Thus, the influence of structures related
to the emplacement of an ore deposit
does not necessarily cease after its primary
formation. As Woodall (2005)
implies, pathways for fluid and energy,
which tend to move toward the surface,
provide an opportunity to recognize
deposits hidden below.
Selective leach techniques have been
widely applied in the search for buried
deposits using soil geochemistry. These
methods attempt to extract the most
mobile fractions of the elements that
are present in soils as
water-soluble salts, or
to page
weakly adsorbed on soil 14 ...

14 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 13
Exploring for Deposits Under Deep Cover Using Geochemistry (Continued)
WEST Cu Soil
Anomalies
EAST
Water Table
Gravel
Andesite
Basement
Saline
Water
minerals, or held within secondary
minerals, such as carbonates or iron
and manganese oxides. The objective is
to maximize the anomaly/background
contrast. For both Spence and other
sites in Chile, and for Mike the response
of five selective leaches: deionized
water, Enzyme Leach, MMI, ammonium
acetate, and hydroxylamine, plus
one non-selective leach, aqua regia,
were compared (Cameron et al., 2004).
At the Chile sites selective leaches give
better anomaly/background contrast
than aqua regia. This is consistent with
Fracture Zone
Cu Deposit
Porphyry
Meteoric
Water
FIGURE 7. Conceptual model for groundwater flow and generation of soil anomalies over
the Spence deposit. Saline formation waters from depth migrate up a fracture zone coincident
with the deposit. In the deposit and gravel aquifer they mix with meteoric waters
derived from precipitation in the Andes to the east. During earthquakes, saline waters are
pumped to the surface entraining Cu from the deposit. Salts derived from the evaporation
of water reaching the surface are largely preserved in the hyper-arid climate of the
Atacama desert.
the model that anomalous elements,
such as Cu, have been transferred to
the surface dissolved in water, and soil
forming processes have yet to incorporate
these in more resistant minerals
that are dissolved by aqua regia. At
Mike, the contrast shown by selective
leaches and aqua regia are similar.
Given the locus of the anomalies at
Mike—on the interpreted scarp slope
of the Nebulous fault zone—the soil
anomalies may have been derived from
mineralized fault rock, not directly
from water.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
At Mike, Robert Jackson of Newmont
Inc. provided a great deal of help and
advice. Our sampling there was carried
out with Mary Doherty and Kevin Creel.
John Norby kindly provided much additional
information on the geology of
Mike. At Spence, Ollie Bonham and
Jack Currie of RioChilex provided many
courtesies. EMC and MIL were assisted
in the field in Chile with enthusiasm
and humour by Daniel Salinas and
Alexi Ramirez. George Steele of Rio
Tinto generously gave logistical support
for the Chile work. We thank CAMIRO
and 26 company sponsors for their support
and encouragement throughout
the project.
REFERENCES
Aravena, R., Suzuki, O, Pena, H., Pollastri,
A., Fuenzalida, H. and Grilli, A., 1999,
Isotopic composition and origin of the precipitation
in northern Chile: Applied
Geochemistry, v. 14, p. 411–422.
Bawden, T.M., Einaudi, M.T., Bostick, B.C.,
Meiborn, A., Wooden, J., Norby, J.W.,
Orobono, M.J.T. and Chamberlain, C.P.,
2003, Extreme 34 S depletions in ZnS at the
Mike gold deposit, Carlin trend, Nevada:
Evidence for bacteriogenic supergene sphalerite:
Geology, v. 31, p. 913–916.
Briggs, R.C. and Troxell, H.C., 1955, Effect of
Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake on spring and
stream flow, in Oakeshott, G.B., ed.,
Earthquakes in Kern County, California,
during 1952. Part 1: California Department
of Natural Resources, Division of Mines
Bulletin, v. 171, p. 81–98.
Cameron, E.M. and Doherty, M.E., 2001,
Geochemical data from a soil traverse
across the Mike gold-copper deposit, Carlin,
Nevada: Canadian Mining Industry
Research Organization (CAMIRO) Report,
17 p.
JOSEPH R. ANZMAN
Exploration Geophysicist
• consulting
• interpretation
• project management
• geophysical surveys
• domestic & foreign
P.O. Box 370526 303-337-4559
Denver, Colorado 80237 telephone/fax
PAID ADVERTISEMENT PAID ADVERTISEMENT

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 15
Cameron, E.M. and Leybourne, M.I., 2005,
Relationship between groundwater geochemistry
and soil geochemical anomalies
at the Spence copper porphyry deposit,
Chile: Geochemistry: Exploration,
Environment, Analysis, v. 5, p. 135–145.
Cameron, E.M., Leybourne, M.I. and Kelley,
D.L., 2002, Exploring for deeply covered
mineral deposits: Formation of geochemical
anomalies in northern Chile by earthquake-induced
surface flooding of mineralized
groundwaters: Geology, v. 30, p.
1007–1010.
Cameron E.M., Hamilton S.M., Leybourne
M.I., Hall G.E.M. and McClenaghan B.E.,
2004, Finding deeply buried deposits using
geochemistry: Geochemistry: Exploration,
Environment, Analysis, v. 4, p. 1–26.
Dohrenwend, J.C. and Moring, B.C. 1991,
Reconnaissance photogeological map of
young faults in the Winnemucca 1° by 2°
quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological
Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map
MF-2175.
Dublyansky, Y.V., Smirnov, S.Z. and
Pashenko, S.E., 2003, Identification of the
deep-seated component in paleo fluids circulating
through a potential nuclear waste
disposal site: Yucca Mountain, Nevada,
USA: Journal of Geochemical Exploration,
v. 78, p. 39–43.
Hamilton, S.M., 1998, Electrochemical mass
transport in overburden: a new model to
account for the formation of selective leach
geochemical anomalies in glacial terrain:
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 63,
p. 155–172.
Hoefs, J., 2004, Stable Isotope Geochemistry:
Berlin, Springer, 244 p.
Muir-Wood, R. 1994, Earthquakes, straincycling
and the mobilization of fluids, in
Parnell, J., ed., Geofluids: Origin, migration
and evolution of fluids in sedimentary
Basins: Geological Society Special
Publication, v. 78, p. 85–98.
Norby, J.W. and Orobona, M.J.T., 2002,
Geology and mineral systems of the Mike
deposit, in Thompson, T.B., Teal, L., and
Meeuwig, R.O, eds., Gold deposits of the
Carlin Trend: Nevada Bureau of Mines and
Geology, Bulletin 111, p. 143–167.
Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., and Hammarstrom,
J.M., 2004, Environmental significance of
cadmium and other trace-element concentrations
in sphalerite from mineral
deposits: Geological Society of America
Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, no. 5, p. 27.
Sibson, R.H., 1981, Fluid flow accompanying
faulting: Field evidence and models, in
Simpson, D.W. and Richards, P.G., eds.,
Earthquake predication: An international
review: American Geophysical Union,
Maurice Ewing Series, v. 4, p. 593–603.
Smee, B., 2003, Theory behind the use of soil
pH measurements as an inexpensive guide
to buried mineralization, with examples:
Explore, no. 118, p. 1, 14–18.
Taylor, H.P., 1974, The application of oxygen
and hydrogen isotope studies to problems
of hydrothermal alteration and ore
deposition: Economic Geology, v. 69, p.
843–883.
Teal, L. and Branham, A., 1997, Geology of
the Mike gold-copper deposit, Eureka
County, Nevada: Society of Economic
Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 28, p.
257–276.
Tchalenko, J.S., 1973, The Kashmar (Turshiz)
1903 and Torbat-e Heidariyeh (South) 1923
earthquakes in Central Khorassan (Iran):
Annali di Geofisica, v. 26, p. 29–40.
Woodall, R., 2005, The challenge of discovering
mineral deposits under cover: What
can we learn from the past?: Society of
Economic Geologists Newsletter, no. 60,
p. 35–36. 1
Geophysical Consulting, Survey Design,
Data Interpretation
Subsurface Structural Mapping
Ground Water Delineation
Minerals Exploration
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GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES
Equipment Sales
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(EM) Techniques,
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(IP) Techniques, Gravity,
Magnetics, Shallow Seismic,
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Other: -Australia -Chile -Brazil -Indonesia
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SEG NEWS
16 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
SEG Thayer Lindsley Lecture Tour - 2004
François Robert (SEG 1991 F)
Barrick Gold Corporation
Reflecting back on my Thayer Lindsley
lecture tour after several months, I can
offer a clearer perspective on the high
value of such lecture tours for SEG and
for the institutions visited (especially students),
as well as for the lecturer and his
employer (Barrick Gold, in my case).
Four presentations were offered in the
course of the year: Characteristics of lode
gold deposits in greenstone belts; Giant
gold deposits of the Abitibi greenstone
belt; Controls and timing of gold-quartz
veins in the Val d’Or district, Abitibi
greenstone belt; Geology and setting of
gold deposits in the North Carlin trend,
Nevada. Each lecture also emphasized
the importance of understanding the
regional geology in deciphering the controls
on the location of deposit and the
role of basic field geology in developing
such understanding. The Carlin lecture
was the most commonly requested one,
followed by the review of characteristics
of greenstone gold deposits. The lectures
were tailored to the needs of the local
institutions, and ranged from a halfhour
talk, as part of a local symposium,
to 45-minute lectures, to two-hour seminars.
Most institutions requested two presentations,
in a few cases back-to-back
with a 15 min break in between!
Owing to my relocation of family
from Perth to Montreal in the middle of
Organizers of the two Thayer Lindsley lectures presented at
Laval University, Quebec City. From left to right: Benoît Dubé
(local SEG sponsor); Georges Beaudoin (faculty sponsor); and
executive members of the SEG-student chapter at Laval: Martin
Aucoin (Treasurer); Julie Bernard (Vice President); François
Robert (Thayer Lindsley lecturer); Nancy Lafrance (President);
Virgine Garnier (Vice President, external affairs).
the year to become Barrick’s Chief
Geologist – South America, the lecture
tour consisted of an Australian leg in the
first half of the year, and a North
American leg in the fall. As a result, 24
lectures were presented in 16 cities. In
Australia, I visited Monash University
(Melbourne), CODES-University of
Tasmania (Hobart), James Cook
University (Townsville), and CGM-
University of Western Australia (Perth). I
also gave a presentation to a group of
Placer Dome geologists in Kalgoorlie.
During the North American leg, I visited
the following US institutions: South
Dakota School of Mines (Rapid City),
Montana Tech Institute (Butte), New
Mexico Tech Institute (Socorro), and
Colorado School of Mines (Golden). In
Canada, I visited MDRU-University of
British Columbia and the Geological
Survey of Canada (Vancouver),
University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon),
Laurentian University and Sudbury
Geological Discussion Group (Sudbury),
Queen’s University (Kingston), Carleton
University/University of Ottawa
(Ottawa), McGill University (Montreal),
and Laval University (Quebec City).
Unfortunately, I was not able to accommodate
additional requests from Europe
and South America. I was very impressed
with the level of interest in the presentations
themselves,
which attracted an
average attendance
of 20 to 30 geologists,
and the level of
questions and discussions
that followed,
formally…and informally,
around some
drinks.
At all institutions,
as much as the
schedule allowed, I
also made a point to
discuss geology and
research with
selected faculty
members and graduate
students. This
was a way both to
learn what is happening
on the
research front and to
share the perspective
of a large exploration
company on
university-based
research. In several
institutions, I
also made
informal presentations
to
graduate and
undergraduate
students during which I shared my
views on the challenges and rewards of
working for a large exploration company,
provided information about
Barrick Gold, and answered questions
(and there were generally many) regarding
employment opportunities and
careers in mineral exploration. In a few
specific cases, I also interviewed undergraduate
students with a view to identifying
top candidates for vacation
employment or even permanent positions
within the company.
What are the benefits of all this? For
SEG, this is an excellent vehicle to expose
its members, and especially student
members, to the latest ideas in diverse
fields of economic geology, conveyed by
geologists with different backgrounds.
This was clearly illustrated by the level of
discussions that followed most presentations.
In my particular case, these lectures
are also a good way for SEG to promote
a closer link and closer
communication between academia and
industry. For the lecturer, the real benefits
were new ideas and concepts about
gold deposits and their exploration, as
well as a clarification of some puzzling
aspects of what I was lecturing about (!).
And the networking aspect of such lecture
tours is not to be overlooked. For
Barrick, besides contributing to the visibility
of the company, this lecture tour
resulted in the hiring of top-quality new
graduates for exploration and mine geology
teams. This also resulted in the funding
of a few new research projects that
were initially discussed or identified during
the tour.
I must thank SEG for providing this
unique opportunity, as well as logistical
and financial assistance. Thanks also to
all the students and faculty that organized
my lectures and associated social
events, and for hosting me so well.
Thanks also to me employer for allowing
me to invest the time in preparing and
delivering these lectures. Finally, I cannot
close this note without saying that I
felt rather distinguished at the beginning
of this exciting assignment, but that I
was fairly extinguished by the end! This
was a very positive and stimulating
experience on all fronts. 1

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 17
MENTORING
The Mentoring column is a regular feature of the SEG Newsletter, with contributions of up to 700 words. Personal anecdotes are sought
from those who have mentored and/or who have been mentored by another. Those interested in contributing should contact Steve
Garwin (Steve.Garwin@geoinformex.com) or Lucy Chapman (Lucy.Chapman@jcu.edu.au) regarding details of submittal.
Regina Baumgartner, Student Member: An Interview
by Steve Garwin (SEG 1996 F)
Regina Baumgartner is a Ph.D. candidate at
the University of Geneva in Switzerland,
where she is working towards the completion
of her thesis on the Metallogeny of the
Cerro de Pasco district, Peru. Regina
obtained her B.Sc. in geology and Grad.
Dip. in geophysics from Lausanne,
Switzerland. She completed her M.Sc. on
the geochemistry and geochronology of
pegmatites in Brazil, while at the University
of Geneva. She is fluent in French, English,
Spanish, and German and in her spare time
she enjoys sports. Regina was interviewed
by Steve Garwin, co-editor of the SEG
Mentoring column, while at the Gordon
Conference on Ore Deposits, held in New
Hampshire during early August.
Q: Regina, when did you know you
wanted to be a geologist – was there a particular
event that helped you make this
decision?
A: My father’s love of chemistry encouraged
my enthusiasm in the sciences. My
sister had a friend who was a geography
student and he spent a lot of time in the
field; as I have always loved outdoor
sports, this interested me. In my final year
at school, I visited the University of
Lausanne and attended a Sedimentology
sedimentology class and made a new
friend, who encouraged me to go into geology.
These experiences coupled with my
enjoyment of crystallography taught in a
mathematics class during my senior year
at high school encouraged me to pursue a
university degree in geology.
Q: Do you have a picture in mind for how
your next ten years will develop?
A: Ideally, I would prefer to work in a
research role for a mining & and exploration
company. I look forward to solving
problems that involve both field and laboratory
studies. I am particularly interested
in field work in South America.
Q: Is there a company that you would
like to work for and why—what is it about
this group that you like?
A: Nothing specific at this point. I look
forward to learning what it is like to work
for a mining & and exploration company… ;
see how the company works. I seek opportunities
for mentoring in industry, which
include instruction on the practical aspects
of exploration, training programs, and site
visits.
Q: What would you like to see more of in
the actions of companies today that would
encourage you to join the industry?
A: More industry visits to universities! This
does not happen very often in Europe. It
would be great if industry geoscientists
would tell the graduating students why
exploration is so interesting, what is
expected of them and how to better prepare
for a job in mining & and exploration.
I would like to learn more about
what sort of jobs are available in industry.
Q: Have you had a vacation job? What
did you learn from it? What did you like
and what did you dislike?
A: Yes, I had a summer job in Switzerland
for one month in 1999. I mapped fractures
and faults in an exploration tunnel
through the Alps to help determine the viability
of constructing a road through the
mountain to access a ski resort. This work
was for a geotechnical company. There
were two of us (student employees), both
females. We found it a little difficult at
first, in that our supervisor was not consistent
in his guidance and we had to become
accustomed to a predominantly male environment.
I enjoyed the mapping and compilation
of data and the learning opportunity.
I would like the chance to participate
in a company or government internship
program, but these are not common in
Switzerland.
Q: The SEG President wrote an article
(Hitzman, January 2005) that outlined the
skills of a modern geologist. He pointed out
that professionals today require a range of
skills to compete in the global market,
beyond the core topics of a geoscience
degree, including information technology,
languages, social and environmental science,
mineral economics; beyond an introductory
level. Do you have a specific comment?
Can you comment on how your
degree prepares you for such an expectation?
A: Generally, I agree. I understand the
usefulness of speaking multiple languages,
the ability to work in different cultures and
interact amicably with local communities
–— this makes the job more interesting
(I love my field work in Peru)! I feel that I
have the requisite language and computer
skills to make a valuable contribution to
the industry. In addition, I took courses on
entrepreneurship while at university. I
have had field experience through academic
field programs, but these do not
teach us how to be ready for industry.
Q: Do you think there are extra challenges
for females in the business?
A: Oh yes… If a woman is single and
ambitious, then there generally is not a
problem. I feel that the challenge lies in
striking a balance between working and
raising a family. Women add an extra
dimension to the team. Of course, it may
be easier for an employer to not deal with
some of these issues by hiring a guy—
but this is only my perception and I do
not intend to imply that there is discrimination
in the industry. I have yet to work
in industry, so it is difficult for me to know
the situation.
Q: Do you have a mentor? How did this
relationship develop? How do you interact
with your mentor?
A: I am lucky to have several mentors in
both academia and industry. I have
gained knowledge and ideas by talking
with others at meetings and field trips. I
like to keep their advice and stories in my
mind for potential application to my life
and career. I keep in touch with some of
my mentors through email and in person,
when we are able to meet up.
Q: Do you have a request or question for
members of industry?
A: Yes, would it be possible for industry
geoscientists to visit European universities
more frequently to inform students what
should be done in preparation for future
employment? In addition, students would
benefit from feed-back on the quality of
their work—because when one is adrift in
the “sea of the Ph.D.” it is helpful to receive
the opinions of those who are active in
industry.
Thank you Regina!
If you would like to get in touch with
Regina, or would like to contribute to this
column via an interview, please contact
Steve Garwin or Lucy Chapman. 1
SEG NEWS

SEG NEWS
18 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
Field Trip Report—Chile, May 2005
The barren Atacama Desert of northern
Chile was a contrast to the damp
Vancouver spring for the participants of
the 2005 University of British Columbia
SEG student chapter field trip. The trip,
from April 27 to May 12, was arranged
with the goal of touring world-class porphyry
and epithermal deposits of northern
Chile and to gain an appreciation
for the geologic evolution of a continental
magmatic arc.
Seventeen individuals
participated
throughout the
entire trip, including
six industry members
and 11 students
and employees from
the university. Two
additional industry
representatives and
sevearl geology students
from the
Universidad
The “Top End Geo-Explorer Tour”
July 11–22, 2005
Six members of the University of
Tasmania SEG student chapter took part
in the chapter’s main field trip for 2005:
the “Top End Geo-Explorer Tour” of the
Northern Territory, Australia. The group
had a distinctly international feel, with
two Australians, and one each from the
UK, Russia, Zambia, and Thailand.
After gathering in Darwin, the group’s
first stop was the enigmatic Browns polymetallic
deposit in the Rum Jungle mineral
field, located south of Darwin, near
the Litchfield National Park. This was followed
by a day at Tom’s Gully gold
mine, a shear-hosted gold deposit east of
Darwin. The group spent the following
day gaining an understanding of the
regional geology of the Ranger uranium
mine by visiting numerous key exposures
in the Kakadu National Park, before
spending the next day at Ranger itself.
The historic Pine Creek region was visited
en-route as the group travelled south to
SEG STUDENT CHAPTER NEWS
� THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLLUMBIA �
Católica del Norte in Antofagasta took
part in some of the trip. The itinerary
covered six ore deposit tours, including
El Teniente, La Candelaria, El Guanaco,
La Escondida, Spence, and El Peñón, as
well as tours to the Concha y Toro winery
outside Santiago and the world’s
highest geothermal geyser field at El
Tatio. And there were, of course, plenty
of additional opportunities to to sample
the Chilean culture and nightlife along
the way.
Thanks to Barrick Gold and Lumina
Copper for providing financial support
for the tour. Advice regarding logistics
in Chile was provided by Bill Chavez,
Dick Tosdal, and by staff and students
at Universidad Católica del Norte in
Antofagasta—in particular, Benigno
Godoy and Professor Thomas Bissig.
The mine tours offered by staff from
CODELCO, Phelps Dodge, BHP Billiton,
Mina Guanaco, and Meridian Gold
were superb.
Field trip participants pose in underground tour gear at Codelco’s El Teniente mine.
� UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA �
Katherine and the Nitmiluk (Katherine
Gorge) National Park.
A day’s drive south and east followed
as the group travelled out to Cape Crawford
to visit first the Merlin diamond field
and then the giant HYC McArthur River
Zn-Pb-Ag mine. Another day’s drive west
and south, and the group arrived in the
historic town of Tennant Creek and visited
the Chariot Gold iron-oxide coppergold
(IOCG) deposit. The last day of the
trip involved a visit to the Devil’s
Marbles enroute to Alice Springs.
The trip was sponsored by the
Society of Economic Geologists,
Inc, CODES Centre of Excellence,
Anglo American Exploration Pty
Ltd, Boyer Exploration & Resource
Management Pty Ltd, CopperCo
Ltd, Gravity Diamonds Ltd,
Newcrest Mining Ltd, Oxiana Ltd,
TasGold Ltd, and the Northern
Territory Minerals Council (Inc).
The organizing committee (Bryan
Bowden, Rod Maier, Steven Lewis
and Paul Cromie) would also like to
thank Ian Scrimgeour, Phil Ferenczi, Rod
Elvish, John Earthrowl, Simon
Slesarewich, Scott Hall, Angela Gepp,
Peter Tamaduk, Chris Sjoberg, Emily
Logan, Tom Reddicliffe, Heath Gerritsen,
Nick Spanswick, Ian Blucher, and Brad
Parker.
Bryan Bowden
Leader – Top End Geo-Explorer Tour
Hobart, Tasmania
“Top-End” group members gather for a photo outside
the Chariot Gold deposit at Tennant Creek.
Look for more student news on the SEG website:

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 19
$130,000 AVAILABLE FOR STUDENT RESEARCH GRANTS IN 2006
More than US$130,000 will be available from the SEG Foundation and the SEG Canada Foundation for Student Grants
in 2006. The grants are to provide support for graduate student research projects leading to Master’s or Doctoral degrees, and
for exceptional BS Honors or “BS Titulo” projects. Individual grants will range up to $5,000, although larger amounts may
be made for particularly meritorious projects. Students in mineral resource study programs throughout the world are eligible
and encouraged to apply. Application forms may be down-loaded from the SEG website:
and may be submitted for any one of the awards, but will be considered for all awards. Applications must be postmarked no
later than February 1, 2006, and awards will be announced by April 30, 2006.
Hugh E. McKinstry Fund. $80,000 will be available from this Fund to support “study, research and teaching
of the science of economic geology, or for related projects”, including field or laboratory research by graduate
students or geologists on study-leave from their employment.
Hickok-Radford Fund. One or two grants ranging up to $10,000 will be awarded to support field-based
research, as applied to exploration for metallic mineral deposits, for projects located in Alaska, northern
Canada and other regions north of Latitude 60 North, or for projects at very high elevations elsewhere and
extreme southern latitudes. Applicants must be enrolled in a full-time program of study at a degree-granting
university or college. Consideration will be given to an applicant’s record of leadership and extracurricular
activities, including athletics.
Newmont Mining Corp. Grants. $15,000 will be available in 2005 to support research projects worldwide
related to the geology, mineralization and metallogeny of gold deposits. Emphasis is placed on research with a
strong field component, with funds available for directly related laboratory work. Several individual grants of
$3,000 to $5,000 each will be made.
Hugo Dummett Mineral Discovery Fund. Up to $5,000 will be available to support applied economic geology
research, including the development of new exploration technology and techniques, and the dissemination of
related results through publications, lectures, short courses, workshops, and conferences.
Alberto Terrones L. Fund. $10,000 will be available to provide financial support to one or two qualifying students
from Mexico, Peru and other Latin American countries to pursue graduate studies leading to an MS or
PhD degree at universities in the U.S. or Canada. The grants may be used for tuition costs, university fees, to
support thesis research, or for any other bonafide expense directly related to pursuing a graduate study program
in applied economic geology or geological engineering while regularly enrolled as a graduate student at an
MS or PhD degree-granting university.
Timothy Nutt Memorial Fund. Grants from this fund will range up to $1,000 to provide financial support for
geology students and young economic geologists located in Zimbabwe or in Southern Africa with ties to
Zimbabwe. The fund may be used to support SEG student chapter activities, travel to meetings, field trips, and
for research or study grants, technical lectures or any other activities approved by the SEG Regional Vice
President for Africa.
Society of Economic Geologists Canada Foundation Fund. Grants from this fund will exceed C$12,500 to
support research studies by Canadian or non-Canadian students on mineral deposits or districts in Canada;
non-Canadian projects at Canadian Universities; non-Canadian students studying at Canadian universities, or
Canadian students doing research at foreign universities.
How to Apply: Awards are intended to fund specific expenses related to student research projects leading to the aforementioned
degrees or courses of study. The awards are competitive are based primarily on project merit. Students in mineral resource
study programs throughout the world are eligible and encouraged to apply. Applicants must describe what the project is, why
the research is important and how it is to be done, and include an appropriate estimate of expenses that will be incurred.
Applicants requesting financial support from the Alberto Terrones L. Fund for non-research expenses must include a statement
describing the need and purposes of such request. For further information contact:
Chairman
SEG Student Research Grants
7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127 USA
Tel: +1.720.981.7204; Fax: +1.720.981.7874
E-mail: seg@segweb.org
SEG NEWS

SEG NEWS
20 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
Editor’s note: Part I of the report on the gold forum, covering Carlin-type deposits, was written by Greg Arehart and appeared in the
July Newsletter. This second part, on the Witwatersrand, was contributed by Laurence Robb.
A large audience of several hundred
attended the much-anticipated debate
on the origin of the Witwatersrand gold
and uranium deposits in South
Africa…testimony to the fascination
that this mother of all gold fields still
holds for the economic geology community
at large. Ironically, it was a
hydrothermal quartz vein in the West
Rand Group near Roodepoort from
which the very first gold was extracted
in the Wits Basin….this was by the
Streuben brothers a few years prior to
the discovery of conglomerate-hosted
gold, on the Ridge of White Waters, by
George Harrison and George Walker in
1886.
Right from the very beginnings of
mining, it was clear that an understanding
of the occurrence of gold, and
its origin, was no simple matter. As
long ago as 1917, Robert Burns Young,
in his book The Banket of South African
Gold Fields, described the authigenic
character of gold within what was
clearly a fossilized, heavy mineral-bearing
gravel placer. And so it is, still in
the year 2005, that geologists continue
to argue about the nature of the gold
and its origin, either as detrital particles
sourced from a hinterland that must
itself have been fabulously rich in primary
gold deposits, or hydrothermal
precipitates from a fluid—it, too, either
very voluminous or extraordinarily
enriched in the precious metal.
The Reno debate started off with a
talk by Hartwig Frimmel, who presented
the case for the modified placer point of
view. This notion is based on the existence
in the basin of flat, rounded and
“peened” grains that are interpreted as
detrital gold toroids. This gold was initially
concentrated by hydrodynamic
processes during sedimentation and
then substantially dissolved and remobilized
by later fluids flowing through
the sediments. It was shown that there
must have been at least 2 episodes of
fluid flow, resulting in the re-precipitation
of gold and pyrite as authigenic
particles within the conglomerates. The
argument in favor of a purely
SEG Forum on Gold Deposits: Part II
May 14, 2005 • Reno, Nevada
Laurence J. Robb (SEG 1985 F) Greg B. Arehart (SEG 1988 F)
Report on the Witwatersrand Debate
hydrothermal introduction of gold was
presented by Neil Phillips, whose model
invokes early circulation of diagenetic/meteoric
fluids with hydrocarbon
generation, followed by a pre-Platberg
(the Platberg volcanics form part of the
flood basaltic succession that immediately
overlies the Witwatersrand sediments
at 2709 Ma) introduction of
metamorphogenic fluid that sulfidized
the “black sand” heavy mineral suite
that had accumulated during sedimentation
and also precipitated gold. The
essential differences between the 2 viewpoints
are that the modified placer
model requires initial accumulation of
detrital gold grains, with later modification,
whereas the hydrothermal model
does not recognize the presence of allogenic
gold and mineralization is essentially
by precipitation from a fluid
phase.
What followed these two presentations
was a combination of audience
questions and comments, interspersed
with brief presentations by each of five
panel members, themselves experts on
the Witwatersrand Basin. David Groves
initiated the discussion by questioning
the discrepancy between the very large
scale alteration halos around putative
fluid conduits and the mineralization
that occurs at a more limited scale and
is restricted to the thin conglomerate
horizons. He also posed the question as
to what exactly was the hydrothermal
model, pointing out that its proponents
did not seem to agree on the timing of
the principal ore fluid circulation event.
John Chesley also spoke in favor of a
detrital origin of gold by summarizing
the recent Re-Os isotope dating and
characterization of gold and pyrite in
the basin. This data, although itself
controversial—as pointed out by
Jonathan Law—is interpreted to indicate
an unusual mantle source for the
gold and its introduction as detrital particles
at a time that preceded the end of
sedimentation in the basin. Proponents
of the hydrothermal view, such as Andy
Barnicoat, re-emphasized the ubiquity
of alteration assemblages and pointed
to evidence showing that the latter are
intimately associated with both gold
and uraninite, often in fractures within
the conglomerate packages. Vic Wall
provided evidence for a fluid circulation
and mineralizing event in post-
Transvaal times (i.e., later than ca.
2550 Ma) and drew interesting analogies
between the Au-U-C-PGM association
in the Witwatersrand and a similar
association in Proterozoic unconformity-related
uranium deposits.
Audience participation was lively
and the four hours allocated to the
debate passed by in a flash. No vote
was taken at the end of proceedings
and it is difficult to say which way the
body of opinion swayed. Is there more
consensus now about the origin of this
most enigmatic of deposits than there
was in the past? The answer is probably
yes, in that more is known about the
processes involved and also because
proponents of the two models do agree
on a wide range of issues. A fundamental
division, nevertheless, still remains—
namely, that of whether a fertile hinterland
existed from which pyrite, gold,
and uraninite detritus was sourced. The
morphology of grains is not sufficient,
in the view of some, to provide a conclusive
answer to this question.
Hundreds of zircons have now been
individually dated and provide
unequivocal indications of the age and
location of the source of clastic sediment
in the depository. The eventual
answers to the Witwatersrand debate
may also have to come from well-constrained
and more accurate ages of key
minerals such as pyrite, uraninite, and
gold. The writer for one is fervent in the
hope that we will have such answers
well before the last bucket of ore is
extracted from this phenomenal set of
deposits. 1

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 21
AFRICA
Regional Correspondent:
Judith Kinnaird (SEG 2002)
SEG Regional Vice President Africa
School of Geosciences
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Tel: +27 11 7176583
Fax +27 11 7176579
Email: kinnairdj@geosciences.wits.ac.za
With contributions from
Dr. Stephen Frindt
Geological Survey, Namibia
COTE D’IVOIRE
Cluff Gold bought the exploration data
covering the Mt. Yaoure licence. This
includes drill assay results from drilling
completed around the Angovia mine,
from the previous licence-holder
Comincor. Internal company reports by
Comincor indicate a resource of 90,000
t at a grade of 3.7 g/t, based on drilling
completed in 2002.
GHANA
Golden Star Resources announced that
the plant at Wassa gold mine is now
operating at its design capacity of
10,000 tpd. The standby powerhouse
was recently upgraded to supply sufficient
power while connections to the
national grid are being completed.
MADAGASCAR
Rio Tinto announced the approval of a
US$585M mineral sands operation and
port. First production in the Fort
Dauphin region is expected in late
2008 and initial capacity will be
750,000 tpa of ilmenite. The development
is the largest project in
Madagascar’s history and will be the
catalyst for broader economic development
in the region. With a grade of
60% titanium dioxide, the Madagascar
orebody is the largest known undeveloped
high-grade mine, according to Rio
Tinto.
MALI
Randgold Resources, the Malian gold
producer, approved a US$100M underground
project at its open-cast Loulo
mine.
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
NAMIBIA
Navachab gold mine (AngoGold
Ashanti Ltd) situated in central-western
Namibia, was developed in the late
1980s and was interpreted as a skarn
deposit with a life of mine until 2003.
However, with the discovery of the significance
of associated sheeted auriferous
quartz veins and the reinterpretation
of the deposit as a mesothermal
gold deposit, exploration located additional
resources both in the hanging
wall and the footwall. This increased
life of mine to 2013 and, pending on
the economic conditions, there is a
chance of extending it even further.
Namibia Stone Processing (NSP)
plant, situated in the town of Omaruru,
is one of the biggest dimension stone
processing facilities in southern Africa.
NSP is a black economic empowerment
initiative, which was inaugurated by
the Namibian President Hifikepunye
Pohamba on July 20, 2005. The plant,
built at a cost of N$50M, will process
granite and marble tiles derived from
local quarries as well as darker varieties
of dimensions stone from Angola,
Zimbabwe, and South Africa. The plant
will employ between 70 and 100 people,
with staff to be trained by Italian
experts in stone processing, especially
for marble tiles. The plant houses 2
granite gangue saws, 2 granite block
cutters, 2 marble block cutters and 1
marble gangue saw. At full capacity the
plant will produce some 3,000 m 2 of
polished tiles per machine per month.
The market is currently aimed at local
and SADC countries, in future the company
plans to expand their market to
include European, American and
Middle and Far Eastern countries.
Vancouver-based junior, Helio
Resource Corp, through its 100%
owned Namibian subsidiary BAFEX
Exploration, is currently exploring for
copper and gold in northern Namibia.
Helio has just completed a first-pass RC
and diamond drilling program on the
Otjitombo project, where significant
intersections including 39.82 m @
1.03% Cu and 0.12 g/t Au, 32 m @
0.97% Cu & 0.11 g/t Au and 22 m @
1.06% Cu, and 0.26 g/t Au have been
reported, with numerous assays still
pending. Elsewhere Helio has entered
into a significant option agreement
with Teck Cominco whereby Teck can
earn up to a 75% interest on delivery of
a feasibility study on the Vredelus gold
prospect. Helio is also active exploring a
number of IOCG prospects in the north
of the country, two of these are in conjunction
with fellow Vancouver Juniors
Boulder Mining Corp and Yale
Resources. Helio is also active in diamond
exploration in Botswana, where
it has optioned the Lokgwabe prospect
to Indicator Minerals. Historic data at
Lokgwabe indicates the presence of G10
indicator garnets.
Rössing, the large open-pit uranium
mine producer, which is situated 65 km
inland from the coastal town of
Swakopmund, started operations in
1976. Rössing is one of the largest
open-pit uranium mines in the world
and with solid reserves will continue to
serve the world nuclear energy industry
throughout the world, especially in
Central Europe, North America, and
Southeast Asia. The mine currently
produces about 7.7% of the world’s
uranium. In 2004, the life-of-mine
plan forecast closure in 2009. However,
they aim to develop and expand their
capacity to deliver value to shareholders
and local stakeholders for the long
term and they are working on plans to
justify extending the mine life to 2017.
On the operations side, production will
be increased to 3,800 t of uranium
oxide for 2005 to counteract the negative
economic impacts of the “weak”
US dollar, in which Rössing’s uranium
is sold. The work of the Rössing
Foundation in the mine’s neighboring
town, Arandis, was expanded as the
Rössing Foundation strives to ensure an
economically independent and selfsustaining
town.
Avdale Namibia (Pty) Ltd is a
wholly owned subsidiary of African
Rainbow Minerals (ARM). Thirteen
EPL’s were awarded during 1997, covering
1,060,000 hectares over an area
from Tsumeb in the north to
Otjiwarongo in the south, Outjo in the
west to Grootfontein in the east. This
has now been reduced to four EPL’s covering
308,000 hectares. Copper, zinc,
and gold were initially the main exploration
commodities in the northern
Carbonate platform, northern rift-margin
and Northern Zone of the Pan-
African Damara orogen. The terrain is
extensively covered
by a thin calcrete
to page 22 ...
EXPLORATION REVIEWS

EXPLORATION REVIEWS
22 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 21
veneer (5–20 m thick). The main exploration
methodology was the ground follow-up
of targets generated from data
compilation from various airborne
magnetic surveys. Ground follow-up
consisted of ground magnetic surveys,
Gradient array IP surveys, “RAB”, RC,
and core drilling. This resulted in the
discovery of the Otjikoto gold deposit,
which is a sheeted vein system hosted
by albitized rocks. This deposit has
many similarities to the deposit being
mined at the Navachab Gold Mine. To
date some 40% of the approximately
US$9M spent on the project was
expended on detailed work carried out
at the Otjikoto deposit which was a
greenfields discovery made by Avdale.
In the next year the company plans to
spend US$3-4M on exploration over its
four EPL’s. Regional exploration will
focus on the ground follow-up of targets
generated from an airborne electromagnetic
and magnetic (AEM) survey that
was completed earlier the year using
the Spectrum 2000 AEM System. This
survey covered some 70 km of strike of
the target host package. This high-resolution
survey was flown at a 200-m line
spacing. Work at the Otjikoto will focus
on extending the current resource base
and the follow-up exploration targets in
the immediate vicinity of the deposit.
TANZANIA
Barrick Gold has started production at
the new Tuklawaka mine in Tanzania.
Barrick and Falconbridge have
finalized a joint venture agreement
regarding the Kabanga nickel deposit.
Falconbridge has acquired a 50% indirect
interest for US$15M and will be the
operator of the joint venture.
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
(303) 284-2646
TUNISIA
Albidon reports the discovery of gold
mineralization at Kef El Agueb in northwest
Tunisia on the Nefze project.
Samples have defined a strike length of
at least 5 km. Rock sample values
ranged up to 1g/t Au in preliminary
sampling and soil values up to 0.5 g/t.
Some soil samples also have up to 1.1%
Cu.
SOUTH AFRICA
Aflease is proceeding with two shallow,
low-risk, high-margin gold projects,
Bonanza South and Modder East. At
Bonanza South, the mine design was
based on an annual production of
35,000 oz, but this may increase to
50,000 oz within two years. Mining is
planned to extend to a depth of 220 m
to exploit two of the four gold-bearing
reefs. It is planned to produce the first
bar of gold in the near future. The
Modder East project on the East Rand
about 5 km north of Springs, is set to
mine the Black Reef, which has grade
of 5.3 g/t. In addition, they are developing
the Dominion uranium project 25
km southwest of Klerksdorp.
Anglo Platinum’s big three platinum
mines in the Bushveld Complex—
Amandelbult, Rustenburg, and
Union—showed lower production and
higher costs for the half year to June
compared with the corresponding
period last year. But the chief executive
of the world’s largest platinum producer,
Ralph Havenstein, says
turnarounds take time and they anticipate
much improved figures for 2006.
AfriOre reports drill assay results
from holes ZF6 and MO3 on the
Akanani platinum project on the
Platreef in the northern limb of the
Bushveld Complex. Significant intersections
were reported from hole MO3.
The widest at 23.86 m starts at 1319.97
m down hole and averages 2.52 g/t Pt,
3.18 g/t Pd, 0.16 g/t Rh, and 0.36 g/t
Au, or collectively, 6.22 g/t 4E. Included
within this intersection is a 5.1 m interval
grading 12.72 g/t 4E. Hole ZF6 also
returned significant results, including
43.94 m, starting at 1019 m, averaging
4.1 g/t 4E, including a 7.87 m intersection
grading 6.17 g/t 4E. In addition to
hole ZF9, which has achieved the first
downdip intersection of the Platreef unit
on the Akanani property, there are currently
five other drill holes are in
progress on the project area, as part of
the second phase of drilling. These comprise
drill hole ZF8, which has intersected
the upper contact of the Platreef
unit at a down-the-hole depth of 889 m,
and drill holes ZF10, ZF11, MO5 and
MO6.
Kumba Resources has introduced
new jigging technology on the Sishen
Exploration project which will have a
plant capacity of 10 Mt/y. This will
allow the iron-ore producer to process
lower grade ore that is not amenable to
the existing heavy minerals separation.
The ore that is being currently mined
has a cutoff grade of 60% Fe but the
cutoff for the new jigging equipment
will be 50%. The capacity to process the
lower grade material will have a major
impact on mining costs over the longer
term and allow the company to keep
the stripping ratio of about 1.9 over the
life of mine.
Lonmin plc, through its wholly
owned subsidiary Lonmin Investments
Canada Inc., completed a compulsory
PROPERTY EVALUATIONS — PROJECT GENERATION
GEOCON, INC.
REGIONAL STUDIES — U.S. AND FOREIGN
RICHARD L. NIELSEN, CONSULTANT
Exploration and Mining Geology
13741 Braun Drive
Golden, CO 80401 Phone/FAX (303) 279-3118
PAID ADVERTISEMENT

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 23
acquisition of all the remaining common
shares of Southern Platinum
Corp. and will be named Lonmin
Investments Canada Inc, which will be
a wholly owned subsidiary of Lonmin
plc. Lonmin has made significant
progress with mechanization and
automation projects. These will allow
them to mine at a cost below 120 USD
per tonne. The ultra-low profile (ULP)
mining method will be used at the
Karee mine, which will ramp up to
37,000 tpm of Merensky ore production
by end 2005 and ultimately to 70,000
tpm by mid-2006. In the six months to
March 2005, Lonmin produced 666.303
oz of PGM at a cost of around
US$400/oz.
ZAMBIA
Albidon has idenitifed a strong electrical
conductor that appears to be contiguous
with nickel sulfide mineralization
in three areas around the Munali
nickel project. The strike length is 900
m and the estimated depth to the top of
the conductor is 300 to 400 m. Drilling
of the target is scheduled to start soon.
Equinox Minerals has mandated a
group of lenders to provide a total of
US$305M in senior and subordinated
project finance facilities for the development
and construction of the
Lumwana copper project located in the
northwestern province of Zambia. In
addition to the Lumwana senior project
financing, Equinox has mandated
European Investment Bank, which cofinanced
the Lumwana bankable feasibility
study to provide further project
financing. Equinox will also be providing
additional equity for the development
and construction of the Lumwana
project.
ALASKA
Regional Correspondent:
Curtis J. Freeman (SEG 1996)
Avalon Development Corp.
P.O. Box 80268
Fairbanks, AK 99708
Tel: 907-457-5159
Fax 907-455-8069
Email: avalon@alaska.net
Website: www.avalonalaska.com
WESTERN ALASKA
Teck Cominco’s Red Dog mine saw
continued strong operating profits in
the second quarter of 2005 as a result of
strong Zn and Pb prices which averaged
$0.55 and $0.45 per pound, respectively.
Operating profit was US$9M versus
an operating profit of $10M in the
same period in 2004. For the quarter,
the mine generated 134.4 tonnes (t) Zn
and 23.7 t Pb in concentrate vs. 138.8
and 25.6 t Zn and Pb, respectively, in
the 2nd quarter of 2004.
NovaGold Resources and partner
Placer Dome announced initial drilling
results from its Donlin Creek project.
The 2005 program included a 27,000-m
(88,000 ft) drill program with 84 infill,
geotechnical, and condemnation core
holes and 25 condemnation-geotechnical
reverse circulation holes. Detailed
engineering, environmental, and design
studies continued. Highlights included
hole DC05-1013, which intersected 5
mineralized intervals totaling 160.6 m
grading 6.24 gpt Au, DC05-1061, which
intersected 12 mineralized intervals
totaling 226.9 m grading 4.50 gpt Au
and DC05-1062 which intersected 6
mineralized intervals totaling 134.3 m
grading 5.33 gpt Au. Highlighting the
open-ended nature of the mineralization
at the ACMA portion of the deposit
were holes DC05-1061, which bottomed
in 54.1 m grading 5.12 gpt Au and hole
DC05-1062, which bottomed in 77.3 m
grading 5.24 gpt Au.
St Andrew Goldfields Ltd. announced
additional results from its Nixon Fork
Au project near McGrath. Underground
drilling results from part of the 4,973 m
of underground drilling completed to
date included intervals ranging from
0.9 m grading 9.6 gpt Au to 1.3 m grading
78 gpt Au. Drilling has confirmed
that the J5A target now extends from
the 380- to the 200-m level of the mine,
while the 2204 target extends from the
390- to the 240-m level. Updated
resources for the project were also
released and include total measured
resources of 23,400 t grading 36.8 gpt
Au (27,700 oz), indicated resources of
68,000 t grading 33.2 gpt Au (72,600
oz) and inferred resources of 35,000 t
grading 27.7 gpt Au (31,200 oz). The
company indicated that permitting and
engineering work continue with anticipated
start-up of operation in late 2005
or early 2006.
Alaska newcomer Metallica
Resources Inc. announced that it had
acquired an option from Full Metal
Minerals to earn a 65% interest in the
latter’s Aleutian Islands and Alaska
Peninsula projects by expending $4.5M
in exploration and making cash
payments totaling $250,000 over five
years. Metallica can earn additional
interest by taking properties through
feasibility. The 2005 program already
in progress consists of reconnaissance
geological, geochemical and geophysical
surveys on the Pyramid, Zachary
Bay, Kawisgag, San Diego Bay, Bee
Creek, Weasel Mountain and Mallard
Duck Bay porphyry prospects, as well as
on a large epithermal vein system at
the Apollo-Sitka, Shumagin and
Centennial deposits. Welcome to
Alaska, Metallica Resources!
Alaska newcomer Fury Explorations
Ltd. has acquired an option to earn a
45% interest in Full Metal Minerals’
Ganes Creek project near Ophir by
incurring exploration expenditures
totaling $3.5M over four years and
making cash and share payments to
Full Metal, totaling $200,000 and
800,000 shares. Additional interest can
be earned by taking the project through
feasibility to production. The target
being explored is the source for the cobble-sized
quartz with sulfide boxwork
and coarse Au which are common in
the district. Welcome to Alaska, Fury
Explorations!
Alaska newcomer Tonogold
Resources, Inc. initial results on the
Nyac gold project in southwestern
Alaska acquired under lease from
Calista Corp. To date over 1,400 samples
have been collected from the
Wallace, Bonanza Ridge, and Bonanza
Creek prospects and four adjacent or
newly recognized areas. Of the 518 surface
geochemical samples reported to
date for the Bonanza Ridge prospect, 58
soil grid samples ranged from 0.105 to
2.86 ppm Au. Seven rock chip samples
taken during grid sampling ranged
from 0.121 to 15.1 ppm Au. One rock
chip sample from the Wallace prospect
reported 7.2 ppm Au. Additional results
are pending. Welcome to Alaska,
Tonogold!
EASTERN INTERIOR
Teck Cominco announced that construction
of the Pogo gold mine in
Alaska continues to progress on schedule
except for underground development
work. A construction work force of
over 400 is currently working on the
site. On June 30 surface construction
was 75% complete with underground
preproduction work 30% complete.
Underground productivity has been
slowed by poor
ground conditions in to page 24 ...
EXPLORATION REVIEWS

EXPLORATION REVIEWS
24 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 23
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
portions of the access drifts. It is anticipated
that the overall project completion
schedule will be met but that the
initial ore feed to the mill will be
trucked rather than conveyed from
underground. Production start-up is
expected in the 1st quarter of 2006 with
a phased ramp-up to full production in
the first half of 2006. The current estimate
of total capital costs for the project
is $321M.
Select Resources Corporation
announced that it has initiated the first
phase of its 2005 exploration program
on the Shorty Creek Cu-Au property
near Livengood. The program will consist
of an extensive soil sampling survey
over two intrusive-related targets identified
through integration of previous surface
work on the property with satellite
imagery, airborne geophysics, regional
geochemistry, and geologic interpretation.
A total of approximately 650 soil
samples are expected to be collected
over the two primary targets.
ALASKA RANGE
Alaska newcomer bcMetals
Corporation announced that it had
acquired an option to earn 100% of the
Johnson project in the central Alaska
Range. Terms of the agreement require
bcMetals to pay $825,000 and incur
$13.5M in exploration expenditures
over five years or complete a Feasibility
Study. Significant prospects include the
Verona Pick prospect massive sulfides
have been discovered with values ranging
up to 21.8% Zn, 5.62% Pb, 32.3 gpt
Ag and 4.97 gpt Au. At the Woody
prospect massive sulfide samples have
returned up to 5.7% Cu, 7.01% Zn,
1.3% Pb, 96.9 gpt Ag, and 5.58 gpt Au.
Copper, Ni, and PGE mineralization
occurs in outcrops at the Emerick
prospect which, has returned values up
to 6.3% Ni, 2.2% Cu, 0.22% cobalt, 1.17
gpt Pt, 2.28 gpt Pd, and at the Forbes
prospect which has returned values up
to 5.4% Ni, 4.13% Cu, 0.11% cobalt, 1.1
gpt platinum, 1.0 gpt Pd. Welcome to
Alaska, bcMetals Corporation!
Nevada Star Resource Corp.
announced commencement of exploration
on its MAN Alaska Au project in
the central Alaska Range. The program
includes geologic mapping and geochemical
sampling designed to advance
one or more Au and Cu-Au prospects to
the drill stage for 2006. Significant
occurrences include the Specimen
prospect with rock values up to 6.89 gpt
Au, 15.8 gpt Ag and 15.8% Cu. At the
Gezzi prospect, geochemical values
range up to 3.09 gpt Au, 25.7 gpt Ag
and 6.60% Cu. At Gezzi South, assays
grade up to 2.49 gpt Au, 3.40 gpt Ag,
and 0.50% Cu. At the Broxson Ridge
prospect rock values range up to 5.81
gpt Au, 86.7 gpt Ag, and 2.7% Cu. At
White Marker rock values range up to
3.69 gpt Au, 2.4 gpt Ag, and 0.30% Cu.
Piper Capital Inc. announced the
commencement of drilling at its Golden
Zone prospect in the central Alaska
Range. Phase 1 drilling consists of
approximately 9,000 ft of core drilling
in 18 to 20 holes on the Golden Zone
Breccia Pipe, veins, mineralized dikes,
and replacements in the BLT and
Mayflower prospects northeast of the
Breccia Pipe and at the Long Creek
prospect located approximately 1.5
miles south of the Breccia Pipe. The
company also announced that revised
resource estimates for the Golden Zone
Breccia Pipe have been completed and
include measured and indicated
resources of approximately 2,027,000
G.E. McKelvey
Professional Geologist
Mineral Exploration & Discovery
P.O. Box 1599
6454 Ruin Hill Loop, Lot 57
Pine, Arizona
85544-1599
tons grading 0.106 opt Au, 0.47 opt Ag
and 0.12% Cu (utilizing a 0.05 opt Au
cutoff). These resources contain approximately
214,862 oz Au, 948,636 oz Ag
and 24,000 pounds of Cu.
NORTHERN ALASKA
NovaGold Resources announced that it
is mobilizing crews to the Ambler and
Khotol projects in northwestern Alaska.
Current plans are to drill over 4,000 m
(13,000 ft) between the projects. At
Ambler, up to 3,000 m of core drilling
will be directed at expansion of existing
massive sulfide resources. At the Khotol
project, initial exploration has targeted
a series of coincident multi-kilometer
scale geophysical and soil geochemical
anomalies in areas with only limited
historic exploration work. The target is
massive to disseminated precious metal
rich poly-metallic replacement mineralization.
SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA
Coeur d’Alene Mines announced that
it had received all of the remaining federal
mine permits that it requires to
build and operate its Kensington Au
mine project near Juneau. Receipt of
these permits from the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency clears
the way for start-up of project construction.
The company indicated that initial
construction activities would begin in
July. Congratulations, Coeur d’Alene
Mines!
Kennecott (70.3%) and Hecla
(29.7%) announced 2nd quarter 2005
production from the Greens Creek
mine on Admiralty
Island. The cash cost to page 29
per ounce of silver at
...
[928] 476-6550
mobile: [602] 769-2480
fax [928] 476-6572
gempress@earthlink.net
PAID ADVERTISEMENT PAID ADVERTISEMENT

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 25
SEG 2006 CONFERENCE
Wealth Creation in the Minerals Industry:
Integrating Science, Business, and Education
May 14 –16, 2006, Keystone, Colorado
Conference website: http://www.seg2006.org
Overview: Talks, Trips, Workshops,
Posters, and Student Participation
The oral program is now finalized for the
Society’s stand-alone Conference in
Keystone next May. Thirty-seven invited
and volunteered talks will be presented
over 3 days during 12 sessions integrating
the themes of science, business, and education
as key elements for wealth creation in
the minerals industry. In addition, more
than 40 abstracts have been accepted for
the Poster Presentation. Six field trips and
seven pre- or post-conference workshops
will round out the technical program for
SEG2006. A variety of exhibits and scheduled
periods for informal interaction will
ensure a wide range of discussion and contacts
outside the technical program.
In addition, the Society’s first SEG
Student Conference will also be held on 13
May in conjunction with SEG2006, with the
best posters from this gathering adding to
those of the main conference.
Day 1: The Business of Exploration
This Conference is coming at a time of considerable
challenge for the mining and
exploration industry. Many of the issues
which confront the industry today will be
featured at Keystone. A broad-based
resources boom is now underway, driven by
global growth; minerals producers are
reporting record earnings, yet exploration is
not replacing reserves depleted by mining.
This situation leads to numerous questions
which are relevant to members of
SEG. How can minerals companies make
better use of exploration research as greenfields
discoveries become more difficult to
make? What strategies will producers
employ to keep their resource pipelines
filled in times of robust asset prices? Are we
at the top of the market or is this the beginning
of a much longer rally for resources?
How do we replace the people lost during
the last downswing in the industry, and
how do we keep them in the industry when
the next downward cycle arrives? It is crucial
to answer these questions now in order
for a sustained improvement in the relationships
between explorers and exploration
researchers.
Public funding of minerals industry education
and research has been on a long
decline in traditional mining economies
but major miners have only now started to
realize that they need a more strategic
approach to human resource planning.
Booming prices and a renewed rush to
explore for commodities such as uranium,
molybdenum, and iron ore (among many
others) have made explorers impatient
again with the pace of community negotiations.
How do we build social competency
and avoid repeating the mistakes of the
past? All of these questions and more are
featured on Day 1.
Day 2: Generating, Delivering,
and Cooperating
Day 2 will present three topics on the
theme “Generating and Delivering
Wealth.” The first of these explores the
relationships between major companies
and junior explorers and the value created
when strategy and good practice allow the
best attributes of each partner to be developed.
The second theme, “Geometallurgy,”
is an example of what miners are doing to
utilize good science to improve operating
efficiency and restore profitability. Boom
times inevitably add inflationary pressures
on labor costs and consumables and miners
have often turned to technology to cope
with these challenges. Geometallurgy, combining
the disciplines of orebody geology,
mineral processing, and mining, has
allowed much better interaction on mine
sites between professions and better economic
outcomes. In addition to a state of
the art presentation on geometallurgy, this
session will also include presentations from
operations staff of Carlin, Hibbing
Taconite, and Grasberg.
The importance of interdisciplinary
cooperation and the productive interaction
among industry, government, and
academia continues into the final session
on Day 2. This includes the Yandal story of
Western Australia, an excellent example of
a successful partnership between explorers
and researchers. Placer Dome will also provide
a comparison of the economic outcomes
of different exploration strategies in
Nevada.
Day 3: Case Histories
Day 3 will feature a selection of some of the
best wealth creation case histories from the
industry’s most successful companies. What
were the crucial factors of geology, human
insight and business opportunity which
drove these successes? These include the discoveries
of the Ekati diamond and Oyu
Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au deposits, as well as
a discussion of uranium exploration and
discovery. There will also be a presentation
of exploration
strategies by
Codelco, and a
discussion of the
use of royalties.
JOHN A. S. DOW
(SEG 1998 F)
Chairman,
2006 Organizing
Committee
A Venue for Communication
As we contemplate the issues which we
think will shape the near-term future of the
discipline of economic geology, there is a
growing need for industry and the economic
geology research community to
develop better working relationships. The
recent Gordon Conference on Inorganic
Geochemistry in New Hampshire featured a
forum discussion on the ways in which
exploration managers, government geologists,
and exploration researchers could
communicate better with each other and
develop better working relationships. This
forum was notable for the enthusiasm of
all parties to participate. Mining companies
have a huge vested interest in ensuring
the continued health of the academic
and research community if they are to
develop better orebody models and exploration
techniques, as well as ensure the
vitality of faculties that provide teaching
and training in earth science. SEG2006 at
Keystone next May promises to be a further
opportunity to continue and develop that
dialogue, formally in sessions, and informally
during social periods.
Industry Support for the Conference
Sponsorship for SEG2006 is progressing
well with a number of companies committing
to support this Conference at the
Premier Plus ($25,000) level. BHP Billiton
and Newmont have also committed specific
funds to support student participation
from around the world at Keystone. This
will ensure the attendance of a strong contingent
of SEG student chapter members
and student leaders.
Registration in November
This SEG Conference is shaping up to be an
important event for the Society, its members,
and, indeed, for all in the industry,
both for the technical, business, and societal
issues that it will address, and for the
cross-disciplinary interaction that it will
foster. On-line registration for SEG2006
opens on November 1 and hard-copy registration
forms will be mailed to SEG members
in early January. Don’t miss out. Plan
to register early and be there to discuss our
future.

SEG 2006 Conference Organizing Committee
John Dow, Chair
Nate Brewer, Jeffrey Hedenquist, Murray Hitzman, Brian Hoal, Eric Nelson
Borden Putnam, Laura Reed, John Thoms
Wealth
Creation
in the Minerals Industry
Integrating Science,
Business, and Education
www.seg2006.org
SEG 2006
CONFERENCE
May 14-16, 2006
Keystone, Colorado, USA
Pre- and Post-Conference Workshop Titles
Geochemistry in Mineral Resource Development
Sampling, QA/QC and Exploratory Data Analysis
The Role of Geophysics in Wealth Creation
Resource & Reserve Estimation
Managing Exploration Risk
Sustainable Development & The Social License
to Operate
What Constitutes a Bankable Feasibility Study?
Pre- and Post-Conference Field Trips
Bingham, Utah – Carlin, Nevada
Climax, Colorado
Cripple Creek, Colorado
Henderson, Colorado
Lisbon Valley, Utah
Western Slope, Colorado (wine tour)
Society of Economic Geologists
7811 Shaffer Parkway
Littleton, Colorado 80127-3732 USA
General conference queries:
Tel: +1.720.981.7882
Fax: +1.720.981.7874
E-mail: seg2006@segweb.org
Conference exhibit queries:
Quality Business Services
3110 S. Wadsworth Blvd., Suite 307
Denver, Colorado 80227-4810
Tel: +1.303.914.0694
Fax: +1.303.382.8064
E-mail: dianna@qbsoffice.com

DAY 1 – Saturday, May 13, 2006
SEG Student Chapter
Conference
All day program
Welcoming Cocktails and Exhibits Open
Student Mentoring Event
DAY 2 – Sunday, May 14, 2006
Wealth Creation – The
Business of Exploration
Pierre Lassonde, President, Newmont
Mining Corporation
"Exploration – The Life Blood of the Mining
Industry"
Charles “Chip” Goodyear, Chief Executive,
BHP Billiton
“The Role of Exploration in the Suite of Value-
Enhancing Options”
Geoff Stanley, Senior Analyst, BMO
Nesbitt Burns
"Exploration – The Perspective of Wall Street"
Phillip Crowson, Hon. Prof., Centre for Energy,
Mineral & Petroleum Law & Policy, University
of Dundee
“Metals and Minerals: The Past 25 Years”
Richard Schodde, Mineral Economist
Jon Hronsky, Manager-Strategy &
Generative Services, both with Mineral
Exploration Team, BHP Billiton Ltd.
(both formerly from WMC Resources)
"The Role of World-Class Deposits in Wealth
Creation"
Tom Albanese, Chief Executive, Copper and
Exploration, Rio Tinto
“The Exploration Philosophy of Rio Tinto –
A Longer Term View of Value Creation”
Ian Thompson and Susan Joyce, Principals,
On Common Ground Consultants
“Changing Industry Approaches to
Sustainability”
Jeremy Richards, Professor of Economic
Geology, University of Alberta
“Sustainable Mining Development in Action:
Rosia Montana, Romania and Nui Phao,
Vietnam”
Leigh Freeman, Downing Teal
Paul Bartos, Colorado School of Mines
Maeve Boland, Colorado School of Mines
“Human Resource Strategies for the Minerals
Industry – Careers, Competencies and
Compensation”
Richard Sillitoe, Consulting Economic
Geologist
John Thompson, Chief Geoscientist, Teck
Cominco
“Changes in Exploration Methods and
Discovery Strategies”
Michael Doggett, Professor, Queen’s Univ.
Richard Leveille, President, Phelps Dodge
Exploration Corporation
“Measuring Costs, Risks and Returns from
Exploration – Improving the Success Rate”
SEG 2006 Conference Program
Mike Etheridge, Managing Director, Tectonex
Geoconsultants Pty Ltd.
“Management and Evaluation of Risk in
Exploration Programs: Adding Value”
Harry Parker, AMEC
“Reserves, Resources and Reconciliation”
DINNER PRESENTATION
Guest Speaker: Randall Oliphant
Chief Executive, Silver Bear Resources
“Exploration: Is the Discovery Really Worth
the Finding?”
DAY 3 – Monday, May 15, 2006
Wealth Creation –
Generating and Delivering
Wealth
Norm Keevil, Chairman, Teck Cominco
“Wealth Creation through Joint Ventures”
William Mercer, Falconbridge
Robert Schafer, Hunter Dickenson
“Exploration Business Strategies and
Relationships within the Major Mining
Company and Junior Exploration Sectors”
Rob McEwen, Chairman, Goldcorp, Inc.
“Challenge and Prosper: The What, Why and
How the Goldcorp Challenge Worked”
Karin Hoal, Colorado School of Mines
Terry McNulty, T.P. McNulty & Associates
Roland Schmidt, Hazen Research
“New Initiatives in GeoMetallurgy”
Mark Johnson, Senior Vice President and
COO, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc.
“Grasberg: Process Metallurgical Feedback
into Exploration and Mining”
Andre Douchane, President and CEO, North
American Palladium
“Timing is Everything – Almost: The
Optimization of Lac des Iles”
Leroy Schutz, Director, Minesite Exploration,
Newmont Mining Corporation
“Value Creation in Near-Mine Development
Programs at Newmont’s Nevada Gold
Operations”
Michael Orobona, Senior Geologist, Hibbing
Taconite Company
“Exploring the Data – Adding Value with Non-
Traditional Geologic Initiatives on Minnesota’s
Mesabi Range”
Scott Long, Chief Geochemist, AMEC
“Bones of Contention – Current Controversies
in Assay Quality Control Practices”
Geoff Handley, Executive VP, Strategic
Development, Placer Dome
“Turquoise Ridge and Cortez Hills –
A Contrast in Economic Outcomes”
G. Neil Phillips, Former Head of CSIRO
Exploration and Mining
“Discovery of the Yandal Gold Province:
Integration of Empirical and Predictive
Geoscience with Intense Exploration Activity”
Paul Bartos, Colorado School of Mines
“Creating Wealth by Innovation: SX-EW and the
Technology Cycle”
Roger Scoon, Former Director, Exploration
Manager, Platexco, Inc.
“The Merensky and UG2 Reefs at
Winaarshoek: Geologic Overview and Review
of the Exploration and Feasibility Programs
of Platexco”
SEG AWARDS DINNNER
Guest Speaker: Donald Coxe
Global Portfolio Strategist, BMO Financial Group
“Hard Rock Rocks”
DAY 4 – Tuesday, May 16, 2006
Wealth Creation –
Case Histories
Barton J. Suchomel, Principal, Western
Mining Services LLC
“Wealth Creation through Sustained,
Successful Mineral Exploration: The WMC
Experience”
Stephen P. Quin, Executive VP, Miramar Mining
“The Vagaries of Wealth Creation through
Acquisition & Exploration: Hope Bay”
Francisco Camus & Sergio L. Rivera, Codelco
“Wealth Creation through Exploration:
The Codelco Experience 1990-2005”
Colin Macdonald, VP Exploration, Cameco
“Uranium Market Fundamentals and
Exploration Success: Cameco’s Strategy”
Robert A. Gannicott, Chairman and CEO,
Aber Diamond Corporation
“Aber Diamond Corporation: Exploration
Success to Holistic Diamond Company”
Guido del Castillo, Chief Executive, Aruntani
SAC
“History of Exploration and Development of the
Aruntani District”
Steve Aaker, Group Executive, Newmont
Capital
“Creating Value with Royalties”
Ross Beaty, CEO, Lumina Copper
“A Classic Case History of Wealth Creation by
a Junior Resource Company, Measured by the
Metric of Share Price Growth”
Oliver Warin, VP Exploration, BHP Billiton
(retired)
“The Discovery of the Ekati Diamond Deposit”
Doug Kirwin, Executive VP Exploration,
Ivanhoe Mines Ltd.
“The Discovery of Oyu Tolgoi Cu-Au Deposit”
R. Edward Flood, Deputy Chairman and
Director, Ivanhoe Mines Ltd.
“A Case History: Value Creation at the Oyu
Tolgoi Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposits, South
Gobi, Mongolia”
Stephen Enders, Newmont Mining Corporation
Stephen Kesler, University of Michigan
John Thompson, Teck Cominco
“Conference Wrap-up”

28 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
Academics, Wealth Creation
and SEG
Steve Kesler (SEG 1976 F)
Department of Geological Sciences,
University of Michigan
The upcoming SEG stand-alone meeting on Wealth
Creation in the Minerals Industry (May 14–16, 2006,
Keystone, Colorado) is a rare opportunity for ore
deposit academics to prove that the word “economic”
belongs in SEG. SEG, through both its name and its
membership, is one of the few scientific societies that
recognizes the important influence that economic
activity has on teaching and research. Despite this
obvious connection, most SEG technical programs
deal with research advances and relegate discussion
about economics and business to the halls. As a
result, many of us who do not deal with economic
issues on a day-to-day basis lose touch with the realities
that control what goes on in our science and that
support our activities.
This time, the stage is being reversed and economic
considerations are moving to the front. The value of
this move should be obvious to academics. We will
get guidance for our own activities by hearing more
about the problems and commodities that are likely
to be of greatest interest to industry in the future. We
will also have a chance to influence thinking on
these issues through questions and discussion, while
dealing with even more immediate topics of interest
to us, such as student employment and research
funding. Finally, we might incorporate more of these
issues into our teaching.
I expect this conference to produce a stronger SEG
and a cadre of academic members with a better
appreciation for our middle name. It might even
lead to ore deposit courses that do as much to prepare
geologists for business and management as
they do to prepare them for exploration and
research. If we can grow along this path, we might
help train the next generation of economic geologists
to be better prepared for the real-world mineral
resource challenges that will face them and society.
SEG STUDENT CHAPTER
CONFERENCE: MAY 13, 2006
SEG is pleased to announce major corporate sponsorship for
students to attend the SEG Student Chapter Conference on
May 13, 2006. This conference is an integral part of the May
14-16, 2006 SEG meeting on “Wealth Creation in the
Minerals Industry” in Keystone, Colorado, USA – students
must register for this meeting as a prerequisite for attending
the Student Chapter Conference. The Society will sponsor the
attendance by representatives from more than 40 SEG student
chapters worldwide as well as selected students from countries
that do not yet have student chapter representation. Other
students will also be eligible for financial assistance and discounts.
The conference will include poster presentations by
students and breakout sessions where students prepare several
white papers focusing on how the SEG can better serve students
worldwide.
Students will be chosen by the Student Conference Selection
Committee on the basis of 1,000-word abstracts on their
research (submitted to Students2006@segweb.org) and willingness
to present a poster at the main Keystone meeting
(May 14–16). Please note that abstracts need not be directly
related to the theme “Wealth Creation in the Minerals
Industry” but must be submitted not later than the revised
deadline of November 30, 2005. Successful applicants will
be required to provide digital copies of their posters by
March 1, 2006. We are planning on several avenues of
financial assistance for students – up to $2,000 in travel
grants, a 75% discount in registration fees, and a significant
subsidy for hotel accommodation.
Requirements: Students who wish to be considered for
support to attend the conference should meet the following
requirements:
• be registered full-time at an accredited university or college
• preferably belong to an SEG Student Chapter, or be based in
a country that is not represented by an SEG Student
Chapter – see list of current student chapters at www.
segweb.org/StudentChapters.htm
• be an SEG student member, or have applied for SEG student
membership
• be able to understand and speak English
This conference represents an unparalleled
career opportunity for students.
We expect high attendance at Keystone,
so start planning now!

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 29
... from 24
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
Greens Creek for the quarter was $0.87,
a twenty-cent per ounce increase compared
to the 2nd quarter of 2004. The
average grade of ore mined during the
quarter was 17.74 oz Ag per ton, up
nearly 1.5 opt over the same period in
2004. During the second quarter the
mine produced 2,556,989 oz Ag, 20,013
oz Au, 6,148 tons Pb and 18,086 tons
Zn. Total production costs for the quarter
were $3.54/oz Ag produced, unchanged
over the year previous figures.
Quaterra Resources announced that
drilling had begun at its Duke Island
Cu-Ni-PGE project near Ketchikan. At
least six 500- to 1,000-ft-deep holes will
be drilled on the Marquis, Potato Patch
and Raven targets identified by recently
completed gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic
surveys. Geological and
geophysical data suggest these
prospects lie within a mineralized system
that extends for over 14.5 km along
strike and up to 3.8 km across strike
with the ultimate dimensions of the
mineralized system remaining open to
expansion.
Freegold Ventures and joint venture
partner Pacific North West Capital
announced that 10,000 ft or diamond
core drilling had been completed at its
Union Bay PGE project near Ketchikan.
The program tested a number of magnetic
targets but did not identify significant
Pt mineralization. Funding partner
Lonmin Plc. has elected to terminate its
interest in the project.
ASIA
Regional Correspondent:
Craig A. Feebrey (SEG 1996 F)
Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National
Corporation (JOGMEC)
Calle Evaristo Lillo 112, Piso 9
Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
E-mail: feebrey@terra.cl
CHINA
China Diamond Corp., in partnership
with Shandong Physical Exploration
Institute (SPEI), has identified four
anomalous zones on their Huixian Au-
Cu Project in Shandong province as
part of their first phase of exploration
which includes ground geophysics, geological
mapping, and more than 8,000
soil samples. The anomalies are all
located around the past-producing
Huixian mine.
Dynasty Gold Corp. (80%) in partnership
with Xinjiang Non-Ferrous
Metals Co. Ltd. (20%) has reported an
inferred resource of 16.9 Mt @ 1.68 g/t
Au for the Qi-2 deposit on the Hatu
property located in the Tian Shan belt
of NW China. Qi-2 is located 7 km west
of the operating Qi-1 gold mine.
Golden China Resources has been
actively drilling its Nibao gold project,
located in Guizhou province. Drilling
has focused on Nibao East and Nibao
South with 5,302 m of 15,000 m completed
to date. At Nibao East, fence
drilling has confirmed continuous gold
mineralization along a strike length of
at least 500 m. Significant intersections
to date include hole NBDDH047, 30 m
@ 1.75 g/t Au from 50 m; hole
NBDDH132, 15 m @ 2.55 g/t Au from
87 m; hole NBDDH133, 58 m @ 1.88 g/t
Au from 100 m; and hole NBDDH134,
34 m @ 2.05 g/t Au from 67 m. At
Nibao South, about 2.5 km SW of Nibao
East, drilling to date has outlined a gold
zone with a strike length of at least 1.2
km. Significant intersections to date
include hole NBDDH131, 7.96 m @ 1.76
g/t Au from 64 m; hole NBDDH151,
14.96 m @ 4.06 g/t Au from 88 m; hole
NBDDH164, 12 m @ 12.87 g/t Au from
2 m; hole NBDDH170, 11.88 m @ 4.68
g/t Au from 33 m; and hole
NBDDH172, 14 m @ 2.45 g/t Au from
30 m.
Continental Minerals (60%) and
China NetTV Holdings (40%) completed
the first seven holes of a 10,000m
program on their Xietongmen porphyry
Cu-Au project, located 240 km
southwest of Lhasa, Tibet. The holes are
being drilled to test previous results.
Better intersections include hole 5004,
141.5 m @ 0.7% Cu and 0.77 g/t Au
from 46.5 m; hole 5006, 102.9 m @
0.71% Cu and 0.99 g/t Au from 18.7 m;
and hole 5003, 24.1 m @ 0.92% Cu and
2.47 g/t Au from 99.1 m.
Orchid Capital has entered into an
agreement with the China Tibet
Institute of Geology Survey (CTIGS)
with rights to an 80% interest in the Qu
Long and Jia Ma copper projects in
Tibet. Orchid Capital will fund exploration
and a full feasibility study to
earn its right. The porphyry-Cu Qu
Long project is located 60 km east of
Lhasa, whereas the Jia Ma Cu-skarn
project is located 6 km north of Qu
Long.
Pacific Minerals has completed a private
placement of US$3M with Ivanhoe
Mines, who now owns16.5% of the former’s
share capital. Part of the funds
will be used to explore the JBS platinum
group metals deposit in Yunnan and
the 217 gold project in Inner Mongolia.
Ivanhoe Mines has also signed a jointventure
agreement with Inner
Mongolia Huayu Geology and
Minerals Exploration Co. Ltd to
explore and mine in Inner Mongolia.
Ivanhoe has the right to earn an 80%
interest in exploration and mining
licenses covering a 400-km2 area.
Silk Road Resources Ltd. has completed
six DD holes totaling 1,319.4 m
on its Sangqu prospect, Gansu Province.
The program tested gold mineralization
associated with quartz-carbonate-sulfide
vein stockworks and hydrothermal breccias
hosted in Triassic sediments. Better
results included hole SAN-05-2, 21 m @
1.32 g/t Au from 40 m; hole SAN-05-5,:
31 m @ 0.73 g/t Au from 120 m; and
hole SAN-05-6, 10 m @ 0.97 g/t Au from
64 m. Three drill holes are planned on
the Diloutang prospect.
Southwestern Resources Corp. has
completed a preliminary resource
assessment on the Boka Gold Project
located in Yunnan Province. The
reported indicated and inferred mineral
resources for Boka-1 and Boka-7 targets
are10.4 Mt @ 2,88 g/t Au and of 45.8 Mt
@ 2.75 g/t Au, respectively. Nine drill
rigs are currently on site conducting
infill and step-out drilling at Boka 1
and will commence step-out drilling at
Boka 7, along with drill testing of other
targets. A prefeasibility study is contemplated
for the near future.
Tianshan Goldfields Limited has
been exploring its Gold Mountain project,
northwest China. To date, a total of
14,897 m in 86 holes have been drilled,
including 9,122 m at Yelmand (56
holes), 4,385 m at Jinxi (16 holes),
1,192 m at Mayituobi (13 holes) and
196 m at Kezele (1 hole). Better intersections
at Yelmand include hole
YEL010, 14 m @ 1.51 g/t Au from 23 m;
hole YEL020, 46 m @ 1.35g/t Au from
28 m; hole YEL021, 29 m @ 1.08g/t Au
from 11 m; hole YEL022, 31 m @ 1.01g/t
Au from 13 m; and in hole YEL026, 50
m @ 1.11g/t Au from 21 m. At Jinxi,
better intersections include hole JX-025,
32 m @ 2.65g/t Au from 32 m, and 70
m @ 1.68g/t Au from
80 m; hole JX-027, 50 to page 30 ...
EXPLORATION REVIEWS

EXPLORATION REVIEWS
30 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 29
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
m @ 3.13g/t Au from 78 m; hole JX-029,
41 m @ at 2.45g/t Au from 100 m; and
in hole JX-031, 21 m @ 2.28g/t Au from
107 m, and 42 m @ 2.21g/t Au from
143 m.
MONGOLIA
Asia Gold and BHP Billiton have
entered into an option agreement
whereby BHP can earn up to a 70%
interest in the West Falcon Gobi project,
located in southern Mongolia. The
3,629-km 2 area lies within Asia Gold’s
West Gobi Cu-Au project.
Bayfield Ventures and BHP Billiton
have entered into an option agreement
whereby BHP Billiton can potentially
earn up to a 75% interest in three southern
Mongolia properties held by Bayfield.
East Asia Minerals (75%) has
announced the results of its first six DD
holes completed on the Khok Adar Cu-
Ag-Zn project, located in western
Mongolia. Better intersections include
hole KA-04-01, 89.1 m @ 2.08% Cu and
12.6 g/t Ag from surface; hole KA-04-02,
56.6 m @ 1.35% Cu and 16.1 g/t Ag
from 2.4 m. Additionally, hole KA-04-04
For more information, please contact:
KYLIE FOSTER
kfoster@eos.ubc.ca
www.mdru.ubc.ca/home/sheahan-mdru/
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intersected a zinc-rich zone with 23 m @
1.6% Cu, 38.4 g/t Ag, and 2.32% Zn
from 67.4 m, and 38.4 m @ 8 g/t Ag
and 3.2% Zn from 164.8 m. An
$800,000 follow-up program is planned.
Entree Gold (Ivanhoe Mines, 16.5%)
has entered into an agreement with Rio
Tinto, whereby Kennecott Exploration
(subsidiary of Rio Tinto), will complete
a private placement to initially acquire
a 9.9% interest in Entrée Gold. Entrée
Gold will use the proceeds to fund
exploration on its Mongolian projects,
including a drill program at Ulziit Uul.
Erdene Gold and Erdenet Mining
have formed a strategic alliance in
which the companies will jointly fund
programs to explore and develop Cu-
Mo properties held by Erdene, located
immediately west of Erdenet’s Erdenet-
Oovo Cu-Mo mine.
Magnum d’Or Resources has entered
into a joint venture with Placer Dome,
whereby Placer can earn up to an 80%
interest in Magnum’s Khul Morit porphyry
Cu project in southeast Mongolia.
An initial 60% interest can be obtained
by spending $1M on exploration over
30 months, with an additional 20%
Mineral Deposit Research Unit
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interest by completing a bankable feasibility
study.
Ivanhoe Mines announced that it
has intersected on its Oyu Tolgoi project,
with the following results: 608 m @
3.24% Cu and 0.82 g/t Au (3.77% Cu
equiv), including 546 m @ 3.46% Cu
and 0.90 g/t gold (4.05% Cu equiv). The
hole also included an intersection of
322 m grading 4.59% copper and 1.07
g/t gold. Ivanhoe currently has 9 deephole-capacity
rigs drilling on the Oyu
Tolgoi project and the Ivanhoe-Entrée
Gold joint-venture property.
Ivanhoe Mines reported has reported
a new resource estimate on the Oyu
Tolgoi Cu-Au Project. Incorporating
results of drilling to April 2005, Oyu
Tolgoi is now estimated to contain
measured and indicated resources of
1,150 Mt @ 1.3 % Cu and 0.47 g/t Au,
and an inferred resources of 1,160 Mt @
1.02% Cu and 0.23 g/mt Au (COG =
0.6% Cu equiv). The resources are contained
within a 6.1-km-long series of
porphyry Cu-Au deposits.
Ivanhoe Mines has also entered into
a strategic alliance with Mitsui & Co to
develop copper-gold and coal deposits
Exploration Geologist
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OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 31
in Mongolia’s south Gobi region. Under
the terms of the agreement, Mitsui will
acquire an equity interest and participate
in Ivanhoe’s South Gobi Power
Development Corp. Mitsui & Co has
also agreed to participate in the exploration,
development, and financing of
Ivanhoe’s Oyu Tolgoi Cu-Au project
and several of Ivanhoe’s coal properties
in the region.
Ivanhoe Mines and BHP Billiton
have entered into an agreement to
explore Ivanhoe’s non-core assets in the
southern Gobi region of Mongolia. BHP
Billiton can earn up to 50% by funding
$8M on exploration, including a minimum
30,000 line-km FALCON survey.
Fortress Minerals has reached an
agreement with Phelps Dodge that provides
Phelps Dodge the option to earn a
70% interest in Fortress’s Cu-Au-Ag-Mo
properties in Mongolia. Phelps Dodge
will take private placements valued at
$3M over the next two years, providing
Fortress with funds for exploration.
Fortress will initially drill both the Teltiin
Gol Cu-Au and Oyuut Uul Au targets.
QGX announced an independent
resource estimate for the Central Valley
zone on its Golden Hills Cu-Au-Ag project
in western Mongolia. Measured and
indicated sulfide and oxide resources
total 13.26 Mt @1.32% Cu, 0.96 g/t Au,
and 4.6 g/t Ag, with an inferred
resource of 11.95 Mt @ 1.18% Cu, 1.36
g/t Au, and 6.44 g/t Ag.
PHILIPPINES
A revised feasibility study has been
completed by Climax Mining for their
Dinkidi Cu-Au project and approval of
the study received by the Philippines
Environment and Natural Resources,
effectively opening the way for development
of the deposit. The Dinkidi porphyry
deposit (Climax Mining Ltd.,
92%, local interest, 8%) is located 200
km north of Manila. A US$81M capital
expenditure is envisaged with an
annual average metal production of
approximately 94,000 oz gold and
10,000 tonnes of copper in concentrate.
The revised feasibility study indicates a
minimum 15-year operation including
a 12-month construction period commencing
at the end of 2005. Production
is planned to begin in 2007.
Indophil Resources (37.5%) has successfully
raised funds to conduct a prefeasibility
study to be completed by late
2006 on the Tampakan copper-gold
project (Xstrata, 62.5%), located on
Mindanao Island. The Tampakan
indicated and inferred resource is
approximately 900 Mt @ 0.7% Cu and
0.3 g/t Au (COG = 0.4% Cu).
It has been reported that the
Jinchuan Group, Shanghai Baoshan
Iron and Steel Group, and the China
Development Bank signed an agreement
with Philnico Mining and
Industrial to develop the Nonoc Island
nickel project, located in the Surigao del
Norte region. Under the terms of the
agreement, the Chinese companies will
invest $950M to refurbish the processing
facility and restart the nickel mining
operations.
Mindoro Resources Ltd. reports that
high gold recoveries were obtained in
column leach tests from their epithermal
Archangel Au-Ag prospect. Mindoro is
carrying out more detailed evaluations
aimed at establishing the open-pit,
heap-leach potential of the prospect.
The Rapu Rapu mine, located on the
eastern edge of Rapu Rapu island, celebrated
(Lafayette Mining Ltd, 74%, LG
Group International, 13%, Korean
Resources Corp., 13%) becoming the
first foreign-funded mine to be commissioned
in the Philippines in the last 30
years with its first gold pour. The commissioning
of a base metals plant that
will produce copper and zinc concentrates
is also planned for the last quarter
of 2005. Lafayette also recently
approved an exploration budget to systematically
evaluate the Hixbar and
Linao areas with a ground-based EM
program and drilling.
Rusina Mining (80%) has reported
drill results from its Acoje Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu
project (Kinloch Resources, 20%),
located in Zambales province. Best
intersections include 28 m @ 3.00 g/t
(Pd, Pt, Au), and 0.65% Ni, including 8
m @ 4.88 g/t (Pd, Pt, Au) and 0.87% Ni,
and 24 m @ 1.75 g/t (Pd, Pt, Au) and
0.49% Ni, including 12 m @ 2.53g/t (Pd,
Pt, Au) and 0.58% Ni.
INDONESIA
Oropa Ltd. has intersected gold mineralization
outside the current Sihayo 1
North Resource envelope. Drill hole
SHDD060 intersected 8 m @ 2.66 g/t Au
from surface, while drill hole SHDD062
intersected 31 m @ 2.38g/t Au from 1m.
Southern Arc Minerals Inc. has completed
drilling 9 scout holes at the low
sulfidation epithermal Lemonga
prospect located on Sumbawa Island,
covering 31,204 ha.
Five gold-bearing quartz veins (Amy,
Betty, Cici, Dessy, Evi) have been
identified within the alteration zone.
Highlights of drill hole intervals from
the Amy vein include hole LDG-01,
16.05 m @ 5.3 g/t Au and 51 g/t Ag;
and hole LDG-03, 15.40 m @ 6.67 g/t
Au and 36 g/t Ag.
Austindo Resources Corp. NL has
announced it has entered into a 3-year
strategic alliance with PT Minorco
Services Indonesia, a subsidiary of
Anglo American, to jointly explore for
porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the
provinces of Papua and West Irian Jaya.
Anglo has agreed to solely fund exploration
expenditure and has an initial
80% interest in projects. In the event
that a resource of less than 1 Mt of contained
Cu equiv or 1 Moz Au is identified,
Anglo may elect that the project
either revert to Austindo on an 80/20
basis (with Austindo holding 80%) or
that 100% be transferred to Austindo
with Anglo retaining a 2% NSR.
Meanwhile, Austindo has purchased for
A$2.5M gold processing plant for their
Cibaliung epithermal Au project
(Austindo, 83.76%, ANAKA TAMBANG,
16.24%) located in west Java, which is
scheduled to start production in early
2006. The Cibaliung deposit has a
reported minable reserves and resources
of 1.388 Mt @ 9.5 g/t Au and 80 g/t Ag.
LAOS
Pan Australian Resources has
announced the results from drilling on
their Phu Kham copper-gold project
(Pan Australian Resources, 80%,
Newmont Mining, 20%). Better results
are from hole GDD099, with 34 m @
4.6% Cu and 0.7 g/t Au from 294 m.
The recent drilling now extends known
mineralization at Phu Kham along a
1.3-km strike length, remaining open
along strike and at depth. Initial production
of 52,000 oz/yr of gold and
57,600 tpa of copper at Phu Kham is
scheduled for the second half of 2005.
THAILAND
Kingsgate Consolidated Ltd. reported
that the combined Chatree North and
Chatree mining lease now contain over
3 Moz Au and 22.75 Moz Ag in
resources and over 1.5 Moz Au and 12.7
Moz Ag in reserves. For year ended June
2005, Chatree mine produced 126,550
oz Au and 353,275 oz Ag.
Asian Mineral
Resources’ wholly
VIETNAM
to page 32 ...
EXPLORATION REVIEWS

EXPLORATION REVIEWS
32 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 31
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
owned subsidiary, AMR Nickel, has
entered into an agreement with Mineral
Development Company (Mideco) to
acquire its 20% interest in the Ban Phuc
nickel project, located west of Hanoi.
AMR has agreed to make a cash payment
of $2.5M to acquire its interest.
Upon completion of the transaction,
AMR will hold a 90% interest in the project,
with the Mechanical Engineering
Company of Son La province holding
the remaining 10%.
The Olympus Pacific Minerals Inc.
ongoing exploration programs on the
Phuoc Son and Bong Mieu Gold
Properties have delineated a total of
five deposits. On the Phuoc Son gold
property, 11 exploration and in-fill holes
totaling 1,918 m have been drilled.
Better intersections from step-out drilling
in the Dak Sa-2 (Bai Go) deposit area
include hole 132, 2.51 m @ 134.72 g/t
Au; hole 41, 0.23 m @ 26.3 g/t Au; and
hole 68, 3.2 m @ 3.49 g/t Au. Results
from the in-fill drilling on the Dak Sa-1
(Bai Dat) deposit include hole 121, 5.2
m @ 8.85 g/t Au; hole 122, 8 m @ 11.13
g/t Au; hole 126, 3.05 m @ 39.28 g/t Au;
and hole 127, 4.7 m @ 23.97 g/t Au.
AUSTRALASIA
Regional Correspondent:
Brent McInnes (SEG 1999)
CSIRO Exploration and Mining
With contributions from
James Beeston – Queensland
Queensland Department of
Natural Resources & Mines
Tony Christie (SEG 1992) – New Zealand
NZ Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences
Sue Daly – South Australia
PIRSA
Geoff Green (SEG 2000) – Tasmania
Mineral Resources Tasmania
Jonathan Law (SEG 1993 F) – Victoria
CSIRO Minerals
Tim McConachy (SEG 1987 F) –
New South Wales
CSIRO Exploration & Mining
Russell Meares (SEG 1996) –
New South Wales
Malachite Resources
AUSTRALIA
Geoscience Australia has released a
report indicating that Australia has the
world’s largest economic demonstrated
resources (EDR) of Zn, Pb, Ni, mineral
sands (rutile and zircon), Ta and
uranium. Australia is one of the top six
producing countries for commodities
such as bauxite, black coal, brown coal,
Cu, Au, iron ore, ilmenite, Li, Mn, Nb,
Ag and industrial diamond.
Mineral exploration spending in the
second half of 2004 rose to $AUD512M,
a 33% increase relative to the equivalent
period in 2003. While Au remained
the predominant target in 2004, its
share of total spending fell below 50%
to $414M, whereas base metal exploration
increased its share of spending to
$207.4M, an increase of 22.5%.
Nationally 39% of exploration spending
was directed at the search for new
deposits. Tasmania had the highest proportion
of exploration in this category
of any jurisdiction with 54.7% of its
spending, whereas the Northern
Territory had the lowest at 31.3%. Full
report details can be found at .
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
A significant grass roots discovery has
been reported by unlisted explorer RMG
Services at the Carrapateena prospect,
100 km southeast of Olympic Dam. The
second of two exploration drill holes
intersected 178.2 m @ 1.83% Cu, 0.64
g/t Au, 0.21% Ce and 0.13% La over a
vertical interval from 476 to 654.2 m.
The mineralized zone has similarities
with the Olympic Dam-Prominent
Hill–style of Fe oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG)
mineralization. The upper altered zone
consists of bornite-rich breccias, bornite
stringers and some chalcocite (~476–549
m), a central zone of more gneissic and
granitic material, and a lower zone of
dominant chalcopyrite (607-654.2m).
No significant U values were reported,
but Ag was slightly anomalous.
RMG’s drilling was 50% funded by
the South Australian government’s
Plan For Accelerated Exploration
(PACE), part of a five-year $22.5M initiative
to encourage mineral exploration
in South Australia.
TASMANIA
Zinifex Ltd announced an intersection
of 8.7 m @ 5.8% Zn contained an Ag
grade of 605 g/t in the Rosebery mine.
These grades correlate with those in a
nearby hole and suggest that a new lens
of ore has been discovered. Another hole
intersected 5 m of high grade ore containing
15% Zn. The company has also
intersected 23.8 m of alteration in a hole
in the Boco area, 9 km north of
Rosebery, including 3.1 m of mineralization
and 1 m of high grade Pb and Zn.
Zinifex and Resource Investments
and Finance Limited (RFI) have
announced a joint venture on RFI’s tenements
in the Hellyer area under which
each will invest $1M into exploration
over the next two years. RFI will conduct
the exploration and Zinifex will
have the right to select three areas on
which to fund and conduct a full feasibility
study in return for 70% of any
resources discovered.
Allegiance Mining has announced a
14 m intersection of 2.5% Ni in a hole
250 m west of the resource envelope and
150 m west of a previous intersection of
12 m of 1.6% Ni at the Avebury Ni
deposit. This extends the strike length of
the deposit to more than 1,000 m.
Lefroy Resources has extended the
strike length of mineralization in the
Lefroy goldfield, northeast Tasmania.
Drilling at the Pinafore Reef intersected
17 m of 4.49 g/t Au. A hole at the
Native Youth Reef returned 1 m intersections
of 23.88, 13.62 and 7.94 g/t Au.
The second of these was part of a 10-m
intersection at 2.41 g/t.
Copper Mines of Tasmania is
drilling a deep hole into a pyrophyllite
anomaly identified in an airborne
hyperspectral survey commissioned by
Mineral Resources Tasmania and conducted
by CSIRO and HyVista
Corporation in the Mount Lyell area.
The survey was funded by the
Australian Government under the
Western Tasmanian Minerals Program.
Some Cu mineralization has been intersected
high in the hole, but the target
depth has yet to be reached.
GTN Resources Limited is continuing
its drilling program on the King Island
scheelite deposit. GTN expects to complete
a full feasibility study by the end
of 2005 and production is scheduled to
commence in early 2006.
NEW SOUTH WALES
In the Lachlan fold belt Cu-Au region,
Newcrest announced that the
Ridgeway Deeps project will proceed
based on increasing the depth of mining
at the Ridgeway Au-Cu deposit at
their Cadia mining complex near
Orange by a further 300 m. The extension
will add production of 1.3 M oz Au

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 33
and 163 Kt Cu to the Ridgeway operation,
extending mine life by six years.
The Ridgeway mine reported cash costs
for the 2004-2005 financial year of only
$39/oz, compared with $109/oz for the
previous quarter.
At the Copper Hill prospect, Golden
Cross reported drill intersections of 217
m @ 0.72% Cu and 1.17 g/t Au (close to
an old hole of comparable grade) and
128 m @ 0.32% Cu, 0.19 g/t Au, 35 ppm
Mo. Further drilling will focus on poorly
drilled portions down to 200m depth.
Rio Tinto has proposed to extend
their block caving mining operations at
Northparkes until 2017 via the development
of the E48 deposit which has
reserves of 22.6 Mt at 1.15% Cu and
0.46 g/t Au.
Alkane Exploration’s strong land
position in the Orange-Cadia district
has attracted the attention of
Newmont, which has signed a joint
venture to earn up to an initial 51% in
the Alkane tenements by funding $5M
in exploration expenditure over a fiveyear
period, with the right to earn an
additional 24% interest. Previous work
by Alkane in the area returned 19 m @
0.2% Cu and 1.23 g/t Au. Alkane also
plans to have a bankable feasibility
study for its 600,000 oz Wyoming Au
deposit ready by the end 2005. The
company is undertaking studies to better
understand the geometry of the
underground ore shoots to determine
an optimal mine plan. Alkane has also
progressed its nearby Galwadgere Cu-
Au project to a small open cut resource
of 2 Mt @ 1% Cu, and continues marketing
studies on its complex Dubbo
zirconia-tantalum-niobium project.
In the New England fold belt (NEFB),
drilling programs by Straits Resources
at a number of vein systems at the
mothballed Hillgrove Au-Sb mine have
shown continued success. The company
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has recently announced a resource of
3.9 Mt at 5.1 g/t Au and 1.95% Sb
(1.2Moz Au equiv), and is looking at
the possibility of re-opening the mine.
Historical production at Hillgrove
totaled 720 Koz Au and 50 Kt Sb.
Drake Resources has commenced
exploration to evaluate the potential of
the Drake low-sulfidation epithermal
field, where resources currently stand at
146 Koz Au and 4.6 Moz Ag with base
metal credits.
Triako Resources’ high-grade Hera
Au deposit (1.49 Mt @ 9.4g/t Au, 0.5%
Cu, 4.4% Pb, 4.3% Zn and 24g/t Ag) has
attracted the interest of CBH Resources,
which purchased a 6.5% stake in Triako
for $2.5M. Hera is located about150 km
from CBH’s Endeavour Zn-Pb-Ag operation
near Cobar.
VICTORIA
Recent attention has focused on the
Fosterville region in Victoria with the
successful commissioning of
Perseverance Corporation’s bacterial
oxidation treatment plant. Production
at the Fosterville mine for 2005-2006 is
estimated to reach 135,000 oz of Au
and development is scheduled to commence
early in 2006 to access the
810,000 oz underground reserve. In the
same region, Gold Fields have reported
a new greenfields discovery based on
four exploration holes. No details have
been released.
Austar Resources have reported
encouraging results from the 1.5 Moz
historical Walhalla goldfield. Recent
drilling at the Lomond Reef discovery
has extended the strike length of known
mineralization to 800 m and to a depth
of 300 m with an average thickness of
6.5 m. Austar plans to commence a
scoping study in late 2005.
ORE AND THIN SECTION
PETROGRAPHY
QUEENSLAND
The Department of Natural Resources
and Mines kicked off its Smart
Exploration initiative at the Structure,
Tectonics and Ore Mineralisation
Processes (STOMP) Conference in
Townsville by announcing the completion
of a major airborne airborne magnetic
and radiometric survey over the
Mount Rawdon Corridor in southeast
Queensland.
NEW ZEALAND
Newmont’s decline at Favona in the
Waihi district, Coromandel region, North
Island, was over 500 m long and over 70
m below the surface in August. Exploration
drilling continued in a number of
nearby areas including Waihi East,
Union Hill and under the Martha open
pit. Exploration continues to find highgrade
veins under the Martha pit with
one intercept reported as 7 m true width
at 22 g/t Au and 100 g/t Ag.
Glass Earth completed their Taupo
Volcanic Zone airborne geophysical surveys
(40,000 line km of aeromagnetic/
radiometrics and 6,000 line km of airborne
gravity) and are processing the
data to identify drill prospects.
In the South Island, OceanaGold continued
development work on the Globe-
Progress mine near Reefton and increased
resources to 604,000 oz Au
through pit design optimization.
Similarly, a redesign of the plan for
underground mining from 2007 on the
Frasers downdip extension of the Macraes
open pit mine in Otago, involved
decreased tonnage but increased grade to
3.05 g/t Au. CanAlaska Ventures
recently completed a program of RC
drilling on the Rise and Shine shear zone
with joint venture
to page
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PAID ADVERTISEMENT
EXPLORATION REVIEWS

EXPLORATION REVIEWS
34 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 33
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
Seafield Resources, a De Beers subsidiary,
in joint venture with Placer
Solutions, has commenced exploring
for placer Au on the seabed offshore the
west coast of the South Island from
Karamea to Jackson Bay. Geophysical
surveys and sampling are planned to
evaluate a model of placer formation
during glacial periods when sea levels
were much lower than at present.
Reviews of these and other exploration
and mining activities will be presented
at the New Zealand Minerals
Conference in November: .
EUROPE
Regional Correspondent:
Mac Canby (SEG 2003)
Phelps Dodge Exploration Corp.
Cobham, Surrey KT11 3HY
Tel: +44 1932 868 108
Fax +44 1483 479 930
E-mail: mcanby@phelpsd.com
Contributions from
Pasi Eilu (SEG 2002) – Finland
Geological Survey of Finland
Bosse Gustavson – Sweden
Cecilia Szentesy (SEG 2004) – Romania
S.C. Rosia Montana Gold Corporation S.A.
Dundee reported some spectacular
intercepts at its Chelopech high-sulfidation
Cu-Au deposit in Bulgaria, while
also, in Bulgaria, Euromax reports
interesting trench results at Rakitovo.
Uranium once again appears as a target
of interest in Fennoscandia, and
new diamond pipes emerge in Finland.
European Nickel made real progress
toward Ni production in Turkey and
posted a significant increase in their
resource at Caldag. The first South East
European Exploration Conference
MINERALS EXPLORATION &
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY
Advanced survey, analytical and interpretational methods
for exploration through exotic overburden.
Plant Soil Gas Rock Standards
Specialty Sample Preparation
P.O. Box 18325, Reno, Nevada 89511
Tel: 775-849-2235 Fax: 775-849-2335
SheaClarkSmith@compuserve.com
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
and Field Trip in Sofia, Bulgaria, from
May 7 to 10 was superbly attended by
both juniors and majors. Our thanks to
the excellent efforts of organizers
Menzies, Dimitrov, Davena,
Strashimirov and Bogdanov. Readers
will note improvements in our Swedish
contributions thanks to new correspondent
Bosse Gustavson.
BULGARIA
Dundee Precious Metals posted
notable intercepts at the “Block 149”
ore shoot located at the north margin of
the Chelopech high-sulfidation Cu-Au
deposit, where holes offsetting isolated
historic intercepts cut up to 12 m of
5.2% Cu and 30.8g Au contain visible
gold in addition to the typical Cu-As-Fe
assemblage.
Euromax reports encouraging trench
results from the Srebrna (Rakitovo)
Au-Ag-(Pb) quartz stockwork zone in a
Cretaceous granite porphyry stock,
including 26 m of 3.68 g Au and 144 g
Ag within a 1,500-m segment tested by
4 trenches; the zone has been traced
with geophysics by the Bulgarian state
for an additional 3 km south. At
Srebren South coincident with the IP
anomaly is a poorly exposed zone of
quartz stockwork 600 × 150 m in
quartz-muscovite-carbonate altered
granite porphyry, with up to 30 m of
2.60 g Au, 25 g Ag in limited rock chip
sampling.
TURKEY
Anatolian Minerals completed 165
holes/28,418 m in 2005 at the intrusion-centered,
sediment-hosted Copler
Au (44 Mt of 2.9 g/t Au) in infill and
condemnation drilling; intervals
Recursos
included up to 117 m of 4.8 g Au.
Eurasian Minerals, in strategic
alliance with Barrick, announced mineralized
intercepts in all eight holes
from a 965-m diamond core program,
including up to 30.4 m of 3.8 g Au, at
its Sisorta high-sulfidation Au target,
northern Turkey; a second 3,000-m drill
phase was started.
Anatolian/Rio Tinto alliance
announced results from further drilling
of 18 RVC holes/2,543 m at Kizilviran
Cu-Au porphyry in eastern Turkey,
including an intersection of 43 m of
1.2% Cu, 0.18 g Au, and 0.01% Mo in
the Main Ridge zone, which now
extends up to 500 × 1,500 m. Low-grade
(0.2–0.5% Cu) hypogene mineralization
underlies an enrichment blanket 8- to
80-m thick, averaging 0.7 to 1.1% Cu.
Anatolian’s drill holes at its Ikiztepe
Cu-Mo prospect in European Turkey
returned up to 206 m of 0.29% Cu with
~0.01% Mo in mixed skarn and intrusion-hosted
mineralization.
Ariana Resources emerged as an
ambitious new junior in Turkey, purchasing
Newmont’s Sindirgi Au-Ag
low-sulfidation epithermal vein
prospect in western Turkey, as well as
discovering its own Kinik Au by following
ASTER and GIS targets; preliminary
chip sampling returned up to 10 m of
3.21 g Au within a wider mineralized
zone.
European Nickel (ENickel) reached
several key milestones at its Caldag Ni
laterite deposit by increasing the
resource by 30% from approximately 38
Mt 1.14% Ni and .05% Co to 45 Mt
1.3% Ni, and 0.07% Co, demonstrating
heap leach recoveries which now
exceed 50%, and getting a further vote
of confidence as BHP Billiton increased
its stake via exercise of stock purchase.
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Mineral
Exploration
in
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Tel:
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303-939-9517
• www.
CBMap.
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PAID ADVERTISEMENT

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 35
ROMANIA
European Goldfields Limited completed
in-house prefeasibility study on
its 80%-owned Certej project; measured
and indicated resources total 31.4 Mt at
2.1 g gold and 11 g silver for a total of
2.2 Moz Au and 11 Moz Ag. Pit optimization
shows 22.6 Mt grading 2.0 g
gold and 11.7 g silver with an average
strip ratio of 2:1, with a projected 2.5 Mt
per annum over approximately nine
years. European seeks additional
peripheral higher-grade mineralization
at its nearby Cainel license where surface
and underground sampling shows
1 to 14 m of 1–5.6 g Au in north-south
veins and breccias.
Carpathian Gold Inc. (CG)
announced metallurgical results from
SGS-Lakefield Research from two samples
from Baiut Au in Baia Mare (0.341
Mt of 4.75 g Au) which returned 95.3%
and 93.0% Au recovery utilizing biooxidation
and cyanide leaching; CG
will consider similar recovery tests on
ore previously considered refractory
from Baia Sprie. Recoveries by State
Mining Company REMIN, via conventional
sulfide floatation, showed results
of 95.5% and 97.4%.
CG’s programs on Oravita Cu-Au,
southwest Romania, defined drill targets
along the 3.5-km-long “Talva Trend”
Cu-Au soil anomaly, including a 1,500m
length at Talva Mica, where 26 of 52
grab samples showed from 0.4% to 4.2%
Cu and 0.11 to 4.41g Au. Mineralization
is hosted by interbedded hornfels and
calc-silicate skarn, and altered quartzdiorite
porphyry and hornfels. The
underground historic Talva Mica zone is
50 to 70 m wide, 300 m in length and
open along strike; previous intersections
include 12 m of 2.76% Cu to 10 m of
5.10% Cu and 2 m of 7.87% Cu, 0.20%
Mo. None of the underground samples
were assayed for Au.
At CG’s Carbunari-Stinapari
prospect, 25 km south of Oravita,
trenching and mapping define a 3.5km-long
belt of jasperoid containing 1
to 15.1 g Au and an associated gold-insoil
anomaly within limestone and calcareous
siliciclastic sediments; a 2,000to
3,000-m drilling is planned to test for
Carlin-style Au mineralization.
Gabriel Resources Ltd received terms
of reference for the Rosia Montana EIA;
the EIA is now being compiled to meet
the terms of reference and is planned to
be submitted in early 2006.
At Bucium/Rodu-Frasin, a February
2005 resource estimate at 0.6 g Au
cutoff contains indicated resources of
7.95 Mt at 1.91 g Au and 5g Ag, and an
inferred resource of 9.29 Mt of 1.70 g Au
and 5 g Ag at Frasin, and an inferred
resource of 26.08 Mt at 0.97 g Au and 2
g Ag at Rodu, totaling 1 Moz Au at
Frasin area and 813,000 oz Au at Rodu.
New exploration licenses were
granted in Apuseni Mountains to
Valhalla Resources and Carpathian
Gold.
SERBIA-MONTENEGRO
Eurasian Minerals announced an Aupolymetallic
intercept from Brestovac
target, south of the historic Bor district,
where their 296.8-m core hole followed
up on results from 1970-era drilling. An
interval of 22.40 m of 4.51g Au
included 2.95 m of 25.83 g Au; two
lower intervals each contained 7 to 8 m
of 0.4–0.5 g Au. Cu-Zn mineralization
was intersected as well, notably 4.30 m
of 2.07% Zn, 0.11% Cu and 0.40 g Au.
A range of companies participated in
the Serbian government’s tenders on
Cu-Au exploration targets in the West
Timok district, covering the western
margin of the prolific Timok Magmatic
Complex which hosts Bor.
MACEDONIA
Sirius Exploration Plc completed AIM
listing based on its agreement with
Phelps Dodge on the Kadiica and
Osogovo porphyry Cu-Mo targets, and
currently funds drill programs on both.
Sirius aims to expand a chalcocite blanket
identified at Kadiica as well as test
for underlying hypogene mineralization;
at Osogovo, further exploration
will test an extensive stockwork Cu-Mo
system which forms the center of the
large Sasa-Toranitza Pb-Zn-Ag skarnmanto
deposit.
IBERIA
Rio Narcea, on its Salave Au project,
announced 1.5 Moz Au at a grade of
3.0 g. Salave is a disseminated, intrusion-related
deposit hosted in a granodiorite;
gold occurs in subhorizontal to
gently west dipping irregular lenses in
an area of 350 × 300 m.
IRELAND
Tournigan Gold followed up on previous
expansions of the No. 1 vein at
Curraghinalt Au (1.32 m of 66.95 g Au
at 390 m, announced previously).
SLOVAKIA
Tournigan Gold drilled its Brehov VMS
target, and their shallow holes in a 600m-wide
mineralized zone previously
identified and drilled by the Slovak geologic
survey, returned up to 15 m of
2.6% Pb, 0.3% Zn, 0.5 g Au, and 40 g
Ag in reported Kuroko-type VMS mineralization.
Tournigan continues exploration
at the Kremenica low-sulfidation
Au-Ag target.
FINLAND
Dragon Mining NL will open two gold
mines at Vammala in southwestern
Finland. About 300,000 t ore will be
mined per year at about 8 to 11 g Au.
Production will start in late 2005 from
the underground at Orivesi mine and
from two small open cuts at the new
Jokisivu mine. Stage 2 will develop an
underground mine at Jokisivu. Prior to
going underground at Jokisivu, a sixmonth
drilling program will allow
detailed underground design and financial
study. Stage 3 will develop deeper
ore zones at Jokisivu at and below 400
m level.
Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd has offered
to buy all the outstanding shares of
Riddarhyttan Resources AB not currently
owned by Agnico-Eagle.
Riddarhyttan is the 100% owner of
Suurikuusikko Au, northern Finland,
where the resource is now 2.5 Mt @ 6.2
g Au measured, 9.3 Mt @ 5.1 g Au indicated,
and 12.5 Mt @ 4.2 g Au inferred
ore, totaling 3.73 Moz gold. Northern
Lion Gold reports a new gold-rich lode
from the old mine site of Haveri in
southwestern Finland, with drill intercepts
from 2 m @ 116.9 g to 44.5 m @
1.3 g Au. Taranis Resources Inc reports
a new lode at its Kettukuusikko
prospect in Lapland, with intercepts at
1.8 m @ 27.7.g and 0.4 m @ 111g gold.
North American Gold Inc has been
granted 12 exploration leases in northwest
Finland, now nearly completely
holding the iron oxide-copper-gold
Kolari belt; the company also holds
ground in nearby Sweden, in obvious
continuation of the Kolari belt.
In PGM, Gold Fields Ltd announced
downgrade of its Arctic platinum project,
and will assess the viability of a
high-grade PGM, smaller-scale operation
rather than large-scale mine.
In the base-metals sector, Vulcan
Resources Ltd more than doubled the
resource of the
to page
Outokumpu-style
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EXPLORATION REVIEWS
36 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 35
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
Kylylahti Co-Cu-Au deposit, located in
eastern Finland, to 7.4 Mt @ 0.2 % Co,
1.0 % Cu, 0.4 % Zn, 0.2 % Ni, and 0.6 g
Au. Vulcan announced new high-grade
sections from its komatiitic Ni prospect
Hietaharju, eastern Finland, including
17.8 m @ 1.33 % Ni, 0.6 % Cu, 1.9 g Pt
+ Pd, and 7 m @ 0.7 % Ni, 0.2 % Cu,
and 1.3 g Pt + Pd.
After two dormant decades, uranium
exploration restarted in Finland. French
company AREVA acquired ground in
eastern and southern Finland and UKregistered
Agricola Resources plc in
eastern and northeastern Finland.
Nearly all of the uranium leases are
around previously known occurrences
including the Paukkajanvaara deposit,
mined in 1960–1961.
Finnish diamond news surrounds the
Kuusamo region in eastern Finland,
where a kimberlite cluster found by
Tertiary Minerals plc in mid-2004 contains
both Group 1 and Group 2 kimberlites.
In May 2005, Tertiary’s new
company, Sunrise Diamonds plc, continued
exploration activities of its parent
and in August 2005 announced the
discovery two new, possibly Group 1type,
kimberlites in the Kuusamo
region. European Diamonds plc
announced in June the discovery of a
new kimberlite body in central Finland.
SWEDEN
Test mining at Lappland Goldminers’
Fabodliden deposit yielded 3.3 g Au
across 50-m width compared to premining
calculation of 1.5 g. Measured
resources down to 200 m depth (open
pit) previously were 21.4 t Au.
MinMet signed the Heads of
Agreement to sell its 100% owned
Bjorkdalsgruvan AB (Au) to Gold-Ore
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
Resource Geosciences de Mexico
S.A. de C.V
Exploration Services Throughout the Americas
Dr. Matthew D. Gray, C.P.G. #10688 – President
Resources Limited including an operating
gold mine, plant, reserves/resources
and exploration properties. MinMet has
taken 100% control over Svenska
Skifferolje AB holdings on alumn shales
in southern Sweden, which contain U,
Mo, V, Ni, oil and carbon.
ScanMining’s concentration plant at
Barsele will be in construction before
the end of this year.
Dragon Mining’s Svartliden Au
mine is forecast to produce 68,000 oz
during the first year and 50,000 oz/y
after that. Current reserves are 287,000
oz (5,54T) and resources 420,000 oz.
Mining costs are forecast at US$190/oz
the first year and thereafter US$240/oz.
Nordic Diamonds acquired Nyborg
VMS in northern Sweden near Boliden’s
Kristineberg mine (so far the largest producer
in the Skellefte district); at Nyborg,
56 previous core holes by the Geological
Survey of Sweden defined a 600-m zone
containing ~0.621 Mt of 0.47% Cu, 2.8%
Zn, and 28 g Ag. Drill intercepts from
this prospect assayed up to 6.1% Zn,
0.4% Cu, and 50 g Ag over 8.3 m.
North American Gold Inc. (NAG) has
started drilling on the 1.3-km-long massive
magnetite deposit, Stora Sahavaara,
on its Pajala project, which contains
some gold and sulfides, including chalcopyrite.
Farther north along strike on
the Finnish side of the border, a similar
magnetite deposit has been mined on not
just iron but also gold. Historic ore reserve
calculations show 100 Mt of magnetite
ore with 43.7% Fe. In the Skirasen-
Barsele Norra area an updated calculation
shows 639,000 oz Au in indicated
and inferred categories at 1.7g. Further
core and AC drilling are ongoing.
Beowulf initiated an agreement with
Gold Fields Exploration B.V. to evaluate
Beowulf’s Ballek licences, covering
a 10-km-long zone, Cu-Au shows
located north of Arjeplog in northern
Sweden. The best known among them is
Lulepotten, where historic SGU work in
the 1960s and 1970s defined 5.1 Mt ore
at 0.73% Cu and 0.25 g Au.
International Gold Exploration’s
summer drilling at Olserum showed
continuation of the Heavy REO deposit
down to at least 200 m depth and considerable
thickening of the mineralization.
The REO is associated with apatite
and REM in an iron skarn layer. With a
new method developed at Bergskolan,
Filipstad, the company is able to filter
the waste water from the former Cu-Co
Gladhammar mine, which also contains
some parts with high gold grades.
This will meet the environment requirements
that so far have stopped further
development at this site.
Lundin Mining is planning to buy
another zinc mine in Europe to double
its zinc production to 340 000–350 000
tpy, making them the seventh biggest
zinc producer in the world. New Boliden
has a production of 375,000 tpa. The
company has also discovered a new
prosperous deposit of classic VMS-type
on its Copperstone project 26 km
northeast of its Storliden mine.
Mawson Resorces extended RC
drilling and soil geochemistry along a
13-km gold trend from Vargbacken
prospect to Middagsberget. At
Middagsberget, RC drilling has indicated
a mineralized area of 100 × 100
m down to 80 m depth. The mineralization
is however open in all directions.
Several encouraging results are reported,
including 1 m with 20.3 g Au within a 4
m of 5.79 g Au. Gold is associated with
quartz veins in silica-chlorite-albite-carbonate–altered
diorites.
A large area along the “Gold Line”
PAID ADVERTISEMENT

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 37
immediately south of the traditional
Skellefte district has been staked by
Mawson, including the Duobblon uranium
deposit hosted in an ignimbrite
flow.
Many former “sleeping” uranium
prospects in Sweden are now re-staked,
mainly by Geoforum Scandinavia and
also Mawson Resources and Svenska
Skifferoljebolaget.
SOUTH AMERICA
Regional Correspondent:
José A. Perelló (SEG 1989 F)
Regional Vice President South America
Antofagasta Minerals
Ahumada 11, Piso 12, Santiago, Chile
E-mail: jperello@aminerals.cl
Contributions from
Craig A. Feebrey (SEG 1996 F) – Chile
Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National
Corporation (JOGMEC)
Darryl D. Lindsay (SEG 2001) – Ecuador
EcuaCorriente S.A.
Steve Jensen (SEG 1999) – Peru
Teck Cominco Peru S.A.
CHILE
On the back of a controversial Specific
Mining Tax, finally signed in June of
this year, and a great deal of negative
publicity regarding Barrick Gold’s
development of Pascua-Lama, with
commodity prices the way they are, it is
of no surprise to see the mining industry
in Chile booming. One only has to take
a look at developments in place or
attempt to claim ground in any one of
the prospective mineral belts in Chile to
realize the importance of Chile in many
companies’ investment strategy. The
Chilean Copper Commission
(Cochilco) estimated that gold and copper
mining investment in Chile could
total US$15.22 billion between 2004
and 2008!
Among these investments, a major
US$637M expansion of Los Pelambres
(Antofagasta plc-Japanese consortium)
was approved in 2005, while major upand-coming
projects in 2006 include production
from BHP Billiton’s US$990M
Spence and US$870M Escondida (bacterial
leach) projects, and the US$1.4 billion
development of Barrick’s 17-Moz
Pascua-Lama gold project.
Andina Minerals Corp. has reported
results from drilling the Dorado East
zone on its Volcan project (Andina
Minerals Corp., 100% option) located in
the Maricunga belt. Hole DVA-001
returned 146 m @ 1.27 g/t Au from surface,
with a second intersection occurring
from 262 m returning 24 m @ 0.67
g/t Au. The true thickness of the 146-m
mineralized interval is estimated to be
approximately 60 m. The company is
planning further drilling during the
2005–2006 season in order to expand
the size of the Dorado East and Central
mineralized zones.
Antafogasta Minerals is on track to
complete a US$15.3M prefeasibility
study on its Esperanza deposit by
October 2006. Approximately 40,000 m
of drilling should be completed by early
fall. A 2.2 km decline is currently under
construction. Esperanza has an inferred
in-pit sulfide resource of 367 Mt @
0.64% Cu and 0.29 g/t Au.
Barrick Gold has received significant
negative publicity since announcing its
plans to develop the Pascua-Lama gold
deposit. Opposition has focused on
Barrick’s plan to relocate part of a
glacier in order to access the ore, arguing
that this could have an impact on
water supply to local farmers and harm
the environment. Construction is due to
commence in 2006, with the start production
in 2009, with an output of
750,000–775,000 oz/yr of gold and
32–34 Moz/yr of silver a year for the
first 10 years of operation.
In order to secure a stable, long-term
copper supply to China, China’s
Minmetals and Corporacion Nacional
del Cobre de Chile (Codelco) formalized
a maximum US$2 billion joint venture,
with US$550M going toward
Codelco’s Gaby project, which is in the
pipeline to be developed around 2010.
Geocom Resources Inc. announced
the results from 512 m of drilling on
their Escorpion project located in the
Coquimbo district, of Region IV. Better
intersections include hole ES-01, 7.8 m
@ 0.94 g/t Au; hole ES-02, 10.8 m @
2.03 g/t Au.
International PBX Ventures
announced the results from an additional
1,350 m, five-hole, DD program
on its Copaquire Cu-Mo porphyry project
located 15 km west of the
Collahuasi mine. Significant intercepts
include Cerro Moly zone-hole CQ09,
176.8 m @ 0.056% Mo from 28.6 m,
including 30 m @ 0.122% Mo from 43.6
m, and Sulfato zone - hole CQ05, 108 m
@ 0.41% Cu from 224.8 m, and CQ10,
93 m @ 0.48% Cu from 89.8 m. A more
extensive and systematic 25,000-m drill
program is planned on the Copaquire
target during 2005.
Mena Resources completed a 22-hole
RC drill program on its Vaquillas-
Cenizas gold-silver project. Ten holes
were drilled in the Vaquillas area. Better
intersections include hole VQ003, 54 m @
0.69 g/t Au, and 24.4 g/t Ag from 106 m;
and hole VQ009, 68 m @ 0.67 g/t Au,
and 23.1 g/t Ag, from 108 m. Of the six
holes drilled in the Cenizas area, only
hole CZ005 intercepted significant mineralization,
returning 198 m @ 0.45 g/t Au.
Drilling on the Rio Figueroa project
(Metallica Resources Inc., 100%
option), located approximately 85 km
southeast of Copiapó, intercepted 348 m
@ 0.30% Cu and 0.30 g/t Au, which
included 70 m @ 0.59% Cu and 0.31 g/t
in the Cerro Matta area. Nine holes
totaling 2,884 m were drilled, with five of
these holes intercepting anomalous Cu-
Au mineralization with Cu > 0.10% and
Au > 0.10 g/t over intervals in excess of
100 m. Further drilling is planned. The
Rio Figueroa project includes a cluster of
6 porphyry Cu-Au occurrences, in addition
to an epithermal Au occurrence
known as Quebradas. The best hole
drilled at Quebradas, QG-02, returned 17
m @ 1.98 g/t Au that included 8 m @
3.70 g/t Au.
Quadra Mining has announced an
independent resource estimate on its
Sierra Gorda Cu-Mo project. Sierra
Gorda is estimated to contain indicated
and inferred sulfide resources of 397.3
Mt @ 0.38% Cu and 0.05% Mo (COG =
0.34% Cu equiv), in addition to an indicated
and inferred oxide and supergene
resources of 217.24 Mt @ 0.36% Cu
(COG = 0.2% Cu). A 15,000-m RC drill
program will try and expand oxide
resource and carry out further exploration
in the area.
Regalito Copper Corp. (previously
Lumina Copper) is raising finance to
purchase by water and surface rights
and provide general working capital in
connection with the development of its
Regalito copper project.
An updated resource estimate for the
Cinabrio deposit of 6.51 Mt @ 1.49%
Cu, 0.03 g/t Au and14.3 g/t Ag has
been reported by SMC Gold Ltd. SMC
Gold plans to develop Cinabrio as part
of their Punitaqui operation already in
production.
South American Gold and Copper
and Rio Tinto signed a letter of understanding
earlier in the year to explore
the Pimenton Cu-Au porphyry. Rio
Tinto has agreed to drill four DD holes
within the first year,
to page
after which they have 38 ...
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EXPLORATION REVIEWS
38 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 37
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
an option to enter a formal joint venture
agreement. Rio Tinto can potentially
earn a 60% interest.
On Trio Gold’s San Ramon Cu-Au-
Co project, located 45 km west of
Copiapo, step-out drilling testing the
San Ramon shear intersected 7.7 m @
5.4% Cu, 1.51 g/t Au, and 0.05% Co
from 103.3 m. Trio Gold is planning to
conduct further drilling to test geophysical
anomalies associated with the same
mineralized structure.
Valencia Ventures reported earlier in
the year results of a 16-hole RC drill
program on its Cachinal Ag-Au project.
Targeting historical workings, better
intersections include hole CLRC-02, 21
m @ 189.3 g/t Ag, and 0.05 g/t Au from
63 m; and in hole CLRC-12, 18 m @
231.4 g/t Ag, and 0.19 g/t Au from 122
m. Further exploration including RC
drilling is planned.
ECUADOR
Aurelian Resources has completed a
four-hole, 573-m, angled diamond drill
program at the Las Penas-Bonza gold
deposit in southeastern Ecuador. All
holes tested cross structures of the main
structural system with hole CP05-42
returning the best results of 101 m @
2.85g/t Au including 14.47 m @ 14.47
g/t Au. Previous work at Penas-Bonza
has determined an inferred resource of
15 Mt @ 1.07 g/t Au and 11.6 g/t Ag, at
a 0.75 g/t Au equiv cutoff.
Approximately 20 km southwest from
the Las Penas-Bonza project, Aurelian
confirmed gold mineralization associated
with a northeast-trending, southeast-dipping
shear zone, and identified
several other vein and shear systems at
the Bella Vista prospect.
Further reconnaissance exploration
for epithermal Au-Ag mineralization by
Cornerstone Capital Resources on the
Shyri project in south-central Ecuador
has identified at least three areas of
interest—Tasqui, Wison and areas
adjacent to IAMGOLD’s Quimsacocha
concessions—in addition to the
Canaribamba area. These areas are
reported to be gold bearing and have
epithermal-style stockwork systems and
vein arrays with advanced argillic and
quartz-alunite alteration. Recent rock
chip samples returned values up to 46.6
g/t Au and 19.1 g/t Ag over 0.4 m in the
Canaribamba area.
Reconnaissance work by Cornerstone
continues on the Rinconada and
Monterrey concessions. A 3,000-m drill
program by Largo Resources is testing
six IP geophysical anomalies on its
Macuchi property in central Ecuador.
Skeena Resources has begun a drill
program on the El Corazon gold project
in northwestern Ecuador. Previous
drilling on the property returned 2.3 g/t
Au over 70.8 m in DDH34, in DDH37
2.1 g/t Au over 90 m, and more recently
underground sampling by Skeena
returned 9.7 g/t Au over 56 m.
Rock chip sampling reporting up to
6.26 g/t Au and 79 g/t Ag over 8 m confirmed
the presence of mineralization in
Dynasty’s Cola prospect. Recent
drilling, 3,084 m in 32 holes, in the
adjacent Papayal and Cerro Verde
mineralized zones, returned intersections
of 25.37 m @ 2.0 g/t Au and 8 g/t
Ag in hole 05DDH24, and 14.0 m @2.34
g/t Au and 10 g/t Ag in hole 05DDH25.
Laurentian University
Department of Earth Sciences
Mineral Exploration Research Centre
Economic Geology
The Department of Earth Sciences and Mineral Exploration Research Centre at Laurentian
University invite applications for a tenure-track faculty position in Economic Geology to be
filled in July 2006. We are particularly interested in candidates who have strong field and
theoretical backgrounds in magmatic and/or hydrothermal ore deposits in Precambrian rocks.
Applicants should have strong research records and be committed to excellence in teaching at the
undergraduate and graduate levels. Supervision of graduate students within a vigorous,
externally-funded research program is expected. Applicants must hold a PhD degree by the time
of appointment.
The successful candidate will work and interact with faculty, undergraduate and graduate
students, and post-doctoral fellows in the Department of Earth Sciences and Mineral Exploration
Research Centre. The Department currently offers BSc degrees in Geology and Environmental
Earth Sciences, thesis-based and applied MSc degrees in Geology, and PhD degrees in Ore
Deposits and Precambrian Geology. Faculty and students have access to excellent light optical,
electron optical, and geochemical analytical equipment, including FLINC, SEM, EPMA, WD-
XRF, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, and EBSD. Additional information about the Department
and MERC can be found at http:www.laurentian.ca/geology.
Send curriculum vitae, including a complete list of publications, a statement of teaching interests,
long- and short-term research goals, and the names and mail/e-mail addresses of at least (4)
academic references to: Faculty Search Committee, Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian
University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada, e-mail: DES@laurentian.ca, Fax: (705) 675-
4898. Screening of applications will begin 01 November 2005, but applications will be accepted
until the position is filled.
Laurentian University is a bilingual institution and an equal opportunity employer. It has a policy
of passive bilingualism (English/French) as a condition of tenure. The university is committed to
equity in employment and encourages applications from women, aboriginal peoples, members of
visible minorities, and persons with disabilities.
PAID ADVERTISEMENT PAID ADVERTISEMENT

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 39
The previously reported positive feasibility
study completed by Corriente
Resources for the Mirador project in
southeastern Ecuador of in-pit Indicated
Resources of 111 Mt @ 0.67% Cu and
0.22 g/t Au (at a cutoff of 0.4% Cu) continues
to undergo optimization.
Optimization studies include a recently
completed two-stage infill drill program
of some 11,850 m in 51 drill holes, a pit
slope review, and inclusion of Ag revenue
in the mine model. Recent drilling
encountered high grade mineralization.
Drill hole M116 reported 58 m @ 1.94%
Cu and 0.33 g/t Au in enrichment, from
58 m depth, and continued in primary
mineralization with 269 m @ 0.66% Cu
and 0.17 g/t Au. A new resource calculation
incorporating this drilling and
updated geological modeling is
expected by the end of September.
IAMGOLD continues to report infill
and expansion drill results from its
Quimsacocha project in south-central
Ecuador. Results include hole 190 with
59.3 m @ 5.1 g/t Au, hole 192 with 67.5
m @10.3 g/t Au, hole 197 with 50.4 m @
7.9 g/t Au, hole 210 with 54.8 m @5.3
g/t Au, and hole 221 with 58.2 m @ 4.1
g/t Au. The current drilling may be
completed by August, at which time an
independent resource estimate will commence
with a presentation date of late
fall.
Metallurgical results reported by
IAMGOLD for the Quimsacocha project
indicate roughly 99% of gold and
copper is extracted using a process of
pressure oxidation followed by cyanidation
of the residue. In unoptimized
floatation tests 94 to 97% of Au and 98
to 99% of copper reported to the concentrate
which treated with pressure
oxidation and cyanide extracted 97% of
the gold.
Recent drilling by IMC at its Rio
Blanco project intersected high-grade
mineralization of up to 151 g/t Au and
647 g/t Ag over 1.2 m, in a newly discovered
vein system following the
drilling of some 1930 m in 13 drill
holes. Drilling continues in this sector in
order to develop an inferred resource.
IMC has also completed some infill
and condemnation drilling on the
immediately adjacent Alejandra
deposit and infrastructures areas for
which the company will complete a feasibility
study in January 2006.
PERU
Exploration activity for gold and copper
in Peru continues at a strong pace
despite the growing anti-mining sentiment
in Peru led by left-wing NGO’s,
very political church leaders, drug-traffickers,
and political groups vying for
higher profiles leading up to the next
federal election in April 2006. The general
widespread frustration, leaving the
communities open to be swayed by the
above mentioned groups, is largely due
to the lack of perceived benefits for the
regional communities from the mining
operations as well as the federal governments
and business community’s
apparent lack of interest in the problem,
to date, and refusal to pay attention
to the underlying causes of the
protests—inequality, frustration and a
feeling of abandonment in the regions.
All of these factors together are creating
an environment of hostility toward
mining and exploration companies.
One can hope that the increased quantity
of mining income tax and royalty
funds available to the communities will
be utilized for beneficial projects in the
regions (infrastructure, etc.), and that
the mining and exploration companies
and federal government develop and
carry out more proactive social and
community relations programs.
Drilling by Bear Creek Mining on its
optioned Corani Ag-Au property continues
to show encouraging silver (±
lead-zinc) results with the second ninehole
program returning an average of
109 g/t Ag over 52 m in all holes (up to
62 m @ 128 g/t Ag, 48 m @ 156 g/t Ag
and 127 m @ 93 g/t Ag). Previous holes
included 78 m @ 130.6 g/t Ag and 52 m
@ 102.6 g/t Ag. Mineralization has been
outlined over a 1,300-m strike length
and remains open in all directions.
Trenching has identified new targets to
the east. To date, Bear Creek has drilled
3,000 m and drilling continues. Trench
results to date include 120 m @ 115 g/t
Ag and 132 m @ 50 g/t Ag. Bear Creek
has also commenced a 500-m, threehole
drill program at their optioned
Pichacani Au-Ag prospect in southern
Peru.
Chariot Resources continues to come
up with encouraging results on the
Marcona Copper JV in southern Peru.
Chariot has completed ~40,000 m of a
55,000-m drill program in a 1.8 × 0.8
km area. Latest results include 100 m @
2.32% Cu, 40 m @ 4.19% Cu, 64 m @
1.7% Cu, 36 m @ 2.4% Cu, 62 m @
1.7% Cu, and 76 m @ 1.2% Cu in sulfides,
as well as 102 m @ 0.87% Cu, 70
m @ 1.3% Cu, and 60 m @ 1.1% Cu in
oxides. Chariot hopes to have a new
resource estimate completed by early
fall and a scoping study done by the
end of the year. The previous resource
estimate is 218 Mt @ 0.80% Cu.
Peru Copper continues to drill their
Toromocho porphyry Cu project
located in central Peru, having drilled
~100,000 m in 180 holes. Previous operators
drilled 42,394 m. Current global
resource is 1.58 Gt @ 0.49% Cu, 0.015%
Mo and 6.8 g/t Ag including a higher
grade core of 818 Mt @ 0.64% Cu,
0.022% Mo and 8.3 g/t Ag. Issues
include metallurgy and social risk as
the adjacent community of Morococha
will have to be relocated. A new mineral
resource and prefeasibility study is
expected later in 2005.
Phase two drilling (4,365 m in 13
holes) by Candente Resource Corp.
on their Cañariaco copper property,
located in northern Peru, has expanded
the area of mineralization to the south
by 750 m. The mineralization remains
open at depth and laterally. Assays
have not been released yet. Phase 1
Candente drilling (2,648 m in 12 holes)
and previous drilling outlined a
resource of 76.5 Mt @ 0.61% Cu and
0.10 g/t Au (0.3% Cu cutoff) in a 400 ×
400 m area. Xstrata is reporting positive
results from the current drilling taking
place on their Las Bambas Cu
property located in southern Peru.
Xstrata has completed 30,385 m in 132
drill holes so far in 2005 and expects to
complete 50,000 m by year end. Xstrata
acquired Las Bambas from the Peru
government for initial cash payments of
US$91M and further commitments.
Social problems continue with several
NGO’s threatening more action.
Serious social problems continue at
Monterrico Mineral’s Rio Blanco Cu-
Mo porphyry property, located on the
northern Peruvian border with Ecuador,
with a couple of violent anti-mining
protests having taken place recently.
Monterrico has resumed drilling on the
project as part of the ongoing feasibility
study. The new indicated and inferred
resource at Rio Blanco is 213 Mt @
0.89% Cu and 0.022% Mo at 0.7% Cu
cutoff. Rio Blanco has a global resource
of 1.3 Gt @ 0.57% Cu and 0.022% Mo at
a 0.4% Cu cutoff. Latest drilling by
Quadra Mining on the Magistral Cu-
Mo property located in northern Peru
has returned up to 253 m @ 1.19% Cu
and 0.062% Mo, 126 m @ 1.0% Cu and
0.13% Mo, 140 m @ 082% Cu, and
0.144% Mo and 142
to page
m @ 0.88% Cu and
40 ...
EXPLORATION REVIEWS

EXPLORATION REVIEWS
40 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 39
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
0.109% Mo. Quadra completed 12,103
m drilling in 47 holes and a prefeasibility
study is in progress. Quadra is earning
a 51% interest in the project from
Inca Pacific Resources.
Barrick’s Alto Chicama HS gold
mine in northern Peru was officially
inaugurated and will produce 800,000
opy gold for the first three years.
Reserves are 229 Mt @ 1.24 g/t Au for
9.1 Moz gold. AngloGold Ashanti has
sold 100% of its Rescatada gold deposit
to Peruvian national company
Aruntani for US$12.5M. AngloGold
retains a back-in right to 60% interest if
more than 2Moz gold is outlined within
three years. In a further blow to
Sulliden Exploration, the arbitration
process regarding ownership at the
Shahuindo gold property has been
temporarily suspended. Sulliden is in
the midst of a heated battle against
Peruvian company ATIMMSA over
ownership of the property. Junior
Fortuna Silver Mines has acquired
100% of the Caylloma silver mine from
Peruvian company Hochschild for a
total of US$7.6M plus shares equaling
10.8% of Fortuna. Cayllloma has 14
Moz Ag in reserves and resources and
Fortuna hopes to restart the mine
within a year at an annual production
of 2 Moz Ag.
The latest drilling by Acero-Martin
on the Pinaya Au-Cu property returned
up to 57.7 m grading 1.04 g/t Au and
1.00% Cu, 46.8 m @ 1.1% Cu and 0.3
g/t Au, 169.5 m @ 0.5% Cu & 0.7 g/t
Au, 98.5 m @ 0.7% Cu, and 0.9 g/t Au.
To date, 20 holes have been drilled by
Acero-Martin and copper-gold mineralization
has been intercepted over a 1
km strike length. Recent phase 3 drilling
by Absolut Resources on their Pico
Machay gold property returned up to
76.5 m @ 1.06 g/t Au, 70.5 m @ 1.17 g/t
Au, 49.5 m @ 1.69 g/t Au, 30 m @ 2.32
g/t Au, and 54 m @ 1.24 g/t Au. A
resource estimate is in progress.
Work by Gitennes Exploration on its
optioned Tucumachay gold property
has returned trench results up to 20 m
@ 5.65 g/t Au, 10.1 m @ 5.23 g/t Au, 10
m @ 5.82 g/t Au, 10 m @ 5.5 g/t Au,
13.5 m @ 5.11 g/t Au, and 10 m @ 6.33
g/t Au. Drilling is planned for later in
the year. Gitennes has an option from
Inmet Mining to earn 100% by spending
US$1.6M by 2008 with Inmet retaining
a back-in right to 60%. Drilling at
Berenguela by optionee Silver
Standard Resources continues to return
high-grade silver intercepts including 49
m @ 605 g/t Ag, 36 m @ 691 g/t Ag, and
63 m @ 128 g/t Ag. Silver Standard has
completed 18,972 m in 222 holes and
expects a resource estimate soon.
Norsemont Mining plans to carry
out a 15-hole, 5,000-m drill program on
its optioned Constancia Cu-Au-Mo porphyry
property located in southern
Peru. Drilling of 13,200 m by Rio Tinto,
Mitsui, and Minera Livitaca/Katanaga
has outlined a geological resource of
189 Mt @ 0.68% Cu and 209 ppm Mo
(at a 0.5% Cu cutoff) in a 1.5 by 10.0
km area. Overall resource is 608 Mt @
0.48% Cu and 0.15% Mo (at a 0.3% Cu
cutoff). Results include up to 168 m of
1.14% Cu and 44 m of 1.1% Cu with
copper mineralization comprising chalcocite
and chalcopyrite. JOGMEC has
optioned Northern Peru Copper’s (ex-
Lumina) Pashpap Cu-Mo property
located in north-central Peru. JOGMEC
and earn 51% interest by paying
US$200,000 and doing US$5M worth of
work over four years. Pashpap has a
non-compliant resource of 101 Mt @
0.64% Cu and 0.049% Mo.
Antares Minerals has calculated an
inferred independent resource of 210 Mt
@ 0.46% Cu on its optioned Huaquira
Cu property, located in southern Peru
immediately south of Las Bambas. Of
the total resource there is 121 Mt @
0.49% Cu in mixed secondary and
oxides, and 89.2 Mt @ 0.43% Cu in primary
sulfides. Vena Resources plans to
carry out 2,000-m drilling on their
Aurora porphyry Cu project located in
southern Peru. Previous drilling
returned up to 116 m @ 0.4% Cu. Vena
is also becoming the first junior to register
on the Lima venture stock exchange.
Work by NDT Ventures on their Cori
Puncho property in southern Peru has
returned up to 7 m of 2.1 g/t Au, 15 m
of 1.58 g/t Au, and 50 m of 0.49 g/t Au
in trench samples across the Main shear
zone. Drilling will begin soon. Tinka
Resources plans to carry out 3,000-m
drilling on the Luminaria gold property
located in the Huaraz region of northern
Peru. Most of the holes will test geophysical
targets. Andresmin has completed
3,640 m drilling in 11 holes on
the Winicocha copper property located
in southern Peru. Assays are pending.
Solex Resources and Frontier Pacific
Mining continue to explore for uranium
in south-eastern Peru. Work to
date on their Macusani project includes
mapping, sampling, and ground geophysics
(101 line-km radiometrics).
Several interesting zones have been
identified to date. Junior Andean
American plans to drill 5,000 m in 28
holes on its Sinchao polymetallic property
located in the Hualgayoc area of
northern Peru after finally securing
land title and all permits. Drilling will
focus on geophysical targets and test
the grade and continuity of the polymetallic
mineralization.
WESTERN
CANADA
Regional Correspondent:
T.G. (Tom) Schroeter (SEG 1988 F)
300-865 Hornby Street
Vancouver, BC
Canada V6Z 2G3
Tel: 604-660-2812
E-mail: Tom.Schroeter@gov.bc.ca
Contribution from
Stephen P. Quin (SEG 1992 F) – Nunavut
MANITOBA
Exploration for nickel, copper, zinc and
gold is on the rise across the province
due to strong commodity prices. Several
companies, including mining giant De
Beers, are exploring for diamonds in
Manitoba’s far north. This year’s
increased activity is expected to bump
expenditures to around CAN$37M.
Inco announced in August that it will
spend $45 million to develop the 1-D
Lower ore body in Thompson.
Development will commence in 2006
and first production is scheduled for
2008. The new mine development will
also provide access to additional exploration
targets at depth.
Crowflight Minerals conducted a
winter drill campaign on their Bucko
deposit in Wabowden. A National
Instrument (NI) 43-101 compliant
resource calculation concluded the
deposit contains an indicated resource
of 1.22 million tonnes (Mt) grading
2.71% Ni. A feasibility study currently
in progress is expected to be completed
in September.
Nuinsco Resources commenced a
scoping study to evaluate the potential
of open pit and underground mining of
the Minago deposit, located 140 km

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 41
south of Thompson. A recent study concluded
Minago contains a measured
and indicated resource of 29.84 Mt
grading 0.64% Ni. Winter drilling on
the Main zone at Minago intersected a
245.9-m interval grading 0.68% Ni.
In the Flin Flon-Snow Lake area,
Hudbay Minerals (formerly OntZinc
Corporation) acquired Hudson Bay
Mining and Smelting from Anglo
American in late 2004. In February,
Hudbay announced that it would spend
$10M on exploration over 12 months
on their large Manitoba- and
Saskatchewan-based property portfolio.
Mustang Minerals acquired 100%
interest in the Mayville property in the
Bird River Belt in southeastern
Manitoba. Drilling commenced in June
to test conductors associated with the
12-km-long layered, mafic-ultramafic
Mayville intrusion. By early August, 16
holes had been completed on the M2
zone, all intersecting wide intervals
(minimum 20 m true thickness) of sulfide
mineralization containing lowgrade
nickel-copper-PGE values. The M2
zone conductor has 1.2 km of untested
strike length remaining, and other geophysical
targets remain to be tested.
Mustang Minerals also owns 100%
interest in the Maskwa nickel deposit
30 km south of the Mayville property.
An NI 43-101 compliant resource calculation
completed in February estimates
Maskwa contains an indicated open pit
and underground resource of 6.0 Mt,
grading 0.74% Ni and 0.15% Cu.
Drilling conducted in the spring was
successful in extending the Maskwa
deposit to the east.
Bema Gold and Wolfden Resources
conducted another round of winter
drilling at their Monument Bay property
in northeast Manitoba. Drilling at
the Twin Lakes and Seeber River zones
intersected high-grade values, including
4.8 m grading 31.71 g/t Au and 3.28 m
grading 41.95 g/t Au. Inferred resources
at Monument (2004) are 1.07 Mt, grading
15.36 g/t Au, using an 8 g/t cutoff.
In southeastern Manitoba, San Gold
Resources and Gold City Industries
amalgamated to form San Gold
Corporation. San Gold owns the Bissett
gold mine which consists of an 1,100tpd
mill and mine with proven and
probable reserves of 818,000 t, grading
9.2 g/t Au. San Gold anticipates having
the Bissett mine back into production
by the fourth quarter of 2005. The company
also has 3 other near-surface gold
deposits located in close proximity to
the Bissett operation in various stages of
exploration or development.
NUNAVUT
Exploration activities continued at a
high level across Nunavut, focused on
gold, diamonds and base metals with or
without PGMs.
Nunavut’s last mining operation,
Goldcorp’s (and formerly Echo Bay’s)
Lupin mine ceased operations, joining
Nanasivik and Polaris as operations in
reclamation.
The largest exploration program in
the Territory continues to be Miramar
Mining’s Hope Bay project, which is
nearing completion of a 30,000+ m drill
program focused on advancing portions
of the three main deposits to feasibility
status. Miramar reported some outstanding
results from the Madrid
deposit, including 66.5 m grading 11.5
g/t Au in the Naartok zone. On the permitting
front, Miramar continues to
work its way through getting a second
NIRB approval for its Doris North
deposit.
In January, Miramar completed the
sale of its option to earn 60% from
Kinross on the Back River project to
Dundee Precious Metals. Dundee is
undertaking a $9M, 18,000-m drilling
program to further define the George
Lake and Goose Lake deposits.
At Meadowbank, Cumberland completed
a feasibility study in February
2005 that confirmed potential for a
large open pit operation at a capital
cost of $300M and cash costs of US$224
per oz Au. It is now in the midst of the
NIRB permitting process. Cumberland is
also undertaking a $3.5M exploration
program at Meadowbank to increase
resources and reserves. Cumberland
also has a 22% carried interest in the
Meliadine West project with Comaplex
Minerals, where a 15,000-m drilling
program is underway to expand the
West Tiriganiaq deposit. Results so far
include up to 13.7 g/t Au over 6.4m.
Gold Fields converted its 55% interest
in the Committee Bay project into
shares of Committee Bay Resources,
but granted Gold Fields a one time back
in right to forgo the equity and retain
its 55% interest. In the Committee Bay
belt in eastern Nunavut, drilling
focused on the Three Bluffs area, with
results that included 46 g/t Au over 3.7
m and 13g/t Au over 2.2 m, as part of a
$8M program planned for 2005.
Wolfden was active at its High
Lake polymetallic deposit, where it
intersected three new zones of massive
sulfides, including the Sand zone 12 km
north of High Lake, where the first drill
hole on a UTEM target intersected 2.7%
Cu over 21 m.
Sabina Resources announced a significant
resource increase at the now
100% owned (subject to a back in right
by Teck Cominco) Hackett River massive
sulfide deposit, reporting over 50
Mt polymetallic mineralization dominated
by zinc and silver values. Sabina
is undertaking a resource expansion
program and has reported intercepts of
up to 10% Zn and 230 g/t Ag over 23
m.
Diamond exploration continues to be
active in a number of areas. Tahera’s
Jericho diamond project received its
permits in early 2005 and mobilized
approximately 550 truckloads of equipment,
materials, and supplies to the
Jericho site. Construction is reported to
be well underway for a targeted completion
at year end; this will be Nunavut’s
first diamond mine.
In the Churchill area, partners
Stornoway, Shear Minerals and BHP
Billiton reported their first macrodiamond
from the property, one of 11 kimberlites
discovered in 2005, including
one in outcrop. On Wales Island, partners
Stornoway, Strongbow and BHP
intersected kimberlite on their first hole.
In the Melville Peninsula,
Stornoway, BHP Billiton, and Hunter
Exploration resumed exploration on
the Aviat project, where 6 diamondiferous
kimberlites have been discovered,
including AV-1, which returned a grade
of 0.8 carats per tonne.
In the Slave province, Ashton and its
partners are undertaking a summer
drilling program at Kikerk Lake in the
Coronation Gulf area.
WESTERN
UNITED STATES
Regional Correspondent:
Roger C. Steininger (SEG 1978)
Consulting Geologist, 3401 San Mateo Ave.
Reno, NV 89509
Tel: 775-323-7775
Fax 775-323-1134
E-mail: audoctor@aol.com
ARIZONA
Augusta Resource Corp. acquired the
copper resources in the Rosemont district
(Pima County),
to page
consisting of the
42 ...
EXPLORATION REVIEWS

EXPLORATION REVIEWS
42 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
... from 41
Exploration Reviews (Continued)
Rosemont, Peach Elgin, and Broadtop
Butte deposits. The aggregate resource
is estimated at 5 billion pounds of copper,
with molybdenum credits. Augusta
is commissioning a drilling program
and a prefeasibility study to define
near-surface oxide and deeper sulfide
reserves.
CALIFORNIA
Although the headline read “Gold Mine
becomes Copper Mine” it was not referring
to the Las Vegas gold show where
your favorite property is being pushed
as a uranium opportunity this year,
when it was diamond play last year
and gold target the year before. In this
case, Sutter Gold Mining had $10,000
worth of copper cable ripped off (literally)
from its Sutter Creek property.
The perpetrators apparently went
underground and removed the copper
cable, giving a whole new meaning to
underground copper mining.
NEVADA
White Knight Resources must be given
an award for its effort to obtain free
consulting. They have launched the
Lower Plate Challenge. Anyone can go
to their website and make an estimate
of where the Lower Plate will be
encountered during drilling at any one
of the White Knight properties. Firstplace
prize is a weekend in Las Vegas
and $1,000 cash. Two questions: is the
second place prize two weekends, and
does the Lower Plate refer to the Roberts
Mountains fault or the last dirty dish in
the sink?
Royal Standard Minerals
announced the start of mining at
Goldwedge (Nye County) with an initial
bulk sample of 3,000 to 5,000 tons.
A facility was built at the site to capture
coarse gold, with the finer gold to be
recovered by heap leaching.
Gold Summit continues to drill at
Monte Cristo (Nye County), but several
recent holes failed to find extensions of
mineralization to the northeast, southwest,
and other places along the “controlling
fault structure.” Drilling is continuing,
but the focus has turned to
in-filling the resource. At least one analyst
(now there is a good source) estimates
that the deposit has potential for
a small high-grade reserve containing
0.5 to 1.0 Moz gold.
Agnico-Eagle completed three holes
at NDT Ventures’ Trend property in
Eureka County. The holes encountered
a “strongly altered and potentially mineralized
system” between 1,800 and
2,140 ft deep. Alteration consists of silica
“flooding,” clay, and pyrite with up
to 74 ppb Au. That sounds like a thousand
other places in the Great Basin.
Three drills are now working at
Midway Gold Corp’s Spring Valley
property (Pershing County). Results continue
to be “all over the map.”
Mineralized intervals vary from a few
feet up to about 100 ft with grades in
the low to mid-0.0X opt Au range, with
the occasional quarter- to as much as
one-half ounce of gold per ton.
Castleworth Ventures’ 24 RC holes
in the Black Stallion area of the Pan
project (White Pine County) show
promise for outlining another gold
deposit. Some of the more significant
intercepts include 40 ft of 0.101 opt Au,
85 ft of 0.036 opt Au, and 90 ft of 0.039
opt Au, all starting at, or near, the surface.
The rest of the holes encountered
intervals from 5 to 220 ft with grades in
the 0.01–0.03 opt Au range, containing
narrower intervals of higher grades.
Black Stallion is 1,000–2,000 ft west of
the Pan fault, which hosts the Pan
deposit. Mineralization seems to be
along a north-south structure that is
traceable for at least two miles.
Idaho General Mines filed a Plan of
Operations with the BLM to place the
Mt. Hope molybdenum project (Eureka
County) into production. Idaho General
claims that there are at least 1.3 billion
pounds of recoverable molybdenum at
Mt. Hope. Now all they need is $400
million to develop the deposit, the
molybdenum market stay robust, and
Phelps Dodge not to return Climax to
production.
Canyon Resources terminated its
option to acquire the Hycroft property
(Humboldt County) from Vista Gold
Corp. Canyon completed 33 drill holes
totaling 12,475 ft and produced a new
resource estimate. The new measured
and indicated resource at the
Brimstone deposit is 52.7 million tons
(Mt) with an average grade of 0.019 opt
Au. Part of Canyon’s reason for terminating
the option was “increased costs,
as well as shortage of labor and large
mining equipment.” Too bad they hadn’t
taken advantage of the Nevada
Exploration Futures Market in Rachel to
secure the needed labor and equipment
(see last issue’s comments).
Two RC drill holes intersected highgrade
gold at Gateway Gold’s Crusher
target, about 600 ft northeast of the
North Sammy pit (Elko County). One
intercept is 135 ft of 0.122 opt Au and
the other 25 ft of 0.818 opt Au. More
drilling is in progress to define these
gold-bearing zones.
Quincy Energy released a news
release outlining the results of a sevenhole,
7,700-ft RC program at its Seven
Troughs property (Pershing County).
The three pages explained why a couple
of deep 10-ft intervals of 0.01X opt Au
represent “an interesting low-grade bulk
mineable target … in extensive pyrite
bearing zones.” Really?
UTAH
Palladon Ventures announced that it
would start commercial production of
iron ore from the Comstock/Mountain
Lion iron project (Iron County) in the
fall. Magnetite concentrate will be produced
and shipped to a Chinese purchaser.
Lithic Resources leased the Crypto
zinc property from EuroZinc Mining
Corp. In 1993, Cyprus Minerals estimated
that the deposit contains about 6
Mt of sulfide mineralization with a
grade of 8.6% Zn and an oxide resource
of about 3.1 Mt with an average grade
of 7% Zn.
There is no decay in uranium activity
in Utah. Over 6,000 claims were staked
in the Plateau counties of San Juan,
Emery, Grand, and Garfield since the
start of the year, mostly for uranium.
Constellation Copper Corp. completed
13 drill holes in the newly discovered
Flying Diamond copper deposit.
All of the holes intersected copper mineralization
averaging 83 ft thick with
an average grade of 0.70% Cu. The
deposit is open in all directions, except
to the east-northeast where it abuts the
east splay of the Lisbon Valley fault.
Mineralization is primarily chalcocite,
cuprite, and bornite in sandstone members
of the Cretaceous Dakota and
Burro Canyon Formations. Silver is present
in the range of 0.6 to 82.4 ppm. 1

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 43
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW1FELLOWS:
Donald M. Burton Etruscan Resources,
Inc., Windsor, NS, Canada; Sandra J.
Foster, Cameco Corporation, Saskatoon,
SK, Canada; Chris J. Gaughan, Elwood,
VIC, Australia; Oleksandr V. Grinchecko,
National Taras Shevchenko University of
Kiev, Kyiv, Ukraine; Geoffrey A. Handley,
Placer Dome, Inc., Vancouver, BC,
Canada; Stephen J. Jensen, Teck
Cominco Perú S. A., Lima, Perú; Karen D.
Kelley, U. S. Geological Survey, Denver,
CO; Luis W. Rivera Quispe, Minera Perú
Copper Syndicate S. A., Lima, Perú;
Thomas Sant, Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia,
Inc.; Jon Scoates, Consulting Geologist,
Ottawa, ON, Canada; William H.
Wulftange, Meridian Gold Company,
Reno, NV.
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW1MEMBERS:
Johanna M. Alitalo, Anglo American
Exploration, Mala, Sweden; Ferdinand
Dumlao, Western Mining Corporation,
Landsdale, WA, Australia; Thomas R.
Gibson, Gibson Consulting, Pagosa
Springs, CO; Steven R. Grusing, Newmont
Mining Corporation, Carlin, NV; Bruce
Hunter, Mt. Magnet Gold N. L.
(Harmony), Perth, WA, Australia; Georgi
SEG MEMBERSHIP NEWS
CANDIDATES FOR 1 FELLOWSHIP
To All SEG Fellows:
Pursuant to the Society’s Bylaws, names of the following candidates, who have been recommended for Fellowship by the Admissions
Committee, are submitted for your consideration. Each applicant’s name and current position are followed by the names of their SEG
sponsors. If you have any comments, favorable or unfavorable, on any candidate, you should send them, in writing before
November 15, 2005. If no objections are received by that date, these candidates will be presented to Council for approval.
Address Comments To:
Chair, SEG Admissions Committee
SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS • 7811 Shaffer Parkway • Littleton, CO 80127 • USA
Doherty, Mary E., ALS-Chemex, Reno, NV: L. Graham Closs,
Brian G. Hoal;
Edwards, Alaster C., A & J Edwards and Associates Pty Ltd.,
Camberwell, VIC, Australia: Andy Wilde, Brian G. Hoal;
Frantz, Jose C., Universidad Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul,
Porte Alegre, RS, Brazil: José A. Perrelló, Jeffrey W.
Hedenquist;
Garnett, Richard H.T., Valrik Enterprises, Inc., Oakville, ON,
Canada: Richard Sillitoe, Jeffrey W. Hedenquist;
Keats, Donna, Reno, NV: Jon Foruria, Brian G. Hoal;
Leavitt, James D., Geologix Explorations, Inc., Reno, NV:
William A. Wright, Ronald L. Parratt;
THE SOCIETY ALSO WELCOMES THE ABOVE CANDIDATES AS NEW MEMBERS
I. Magaranov, Rio Tinto Mel, Sofia,
Bulgaria; Paul R. Morley, Newmont
Mining Corporation, Accra, Ghana; Jean
Louis Vigneresse, CREGU, Vandoeuvre
Cedex, France; Gernot E. Wober, Hunter-
Dickinson, Inc., Heffley Creek, BC,
Canada; Wade S. Johnson, Newmont,
West Perth, WA, Australia; Sheron T
Kavilia, Skorpion Zinc Mine, Rosh Pinah,
Namibia; Eric A. LeLacheur, Elkhorn
Goldfields, Inc., Boulder, MT; Raul J.
Madrid, Victoria Resources US Inc, Napa,
CA; Damian M. Brett, Phelps Dodge,
Kiruna, Sweden; Musie Gebre-Mariam,
Newmont Australia, West Perth, WA,
Australia; Alex V Gostevskikh, Centerra
Gold, Delta, BC, Canada; Garth E.
Graham, U. S. Geological Survey, Denver,
CO; Koji Hamano, Nikko Exploration and
Development Company, Ltd., Minato-Ku,
Tokyo, Japan; Jane M. Hammarstrom, U.
S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA; George
F. Klemmick, Alaska Department of
Natural Resources, Chugiak, AK; Brett S.
McKay, Malachite Resources NL, North
Sydney, NSW, Australia; Patrick M.
Manouge, Nickel Australia Limited, West
Perth, WA, Australia; Esteban E. M.
Montoya, Compania Minera Quebrada
Blanca S. A., Iquique, Chile; Juan C.
Sarmiento, Compania de Minas
Buenaventura S. A. A., Lima, Peru; Erika
J. Shepard, Century Mining, Blaine, WA;
Edgar W. Alayo Leon, ASC Peru LDC,
Lima, Peru; Farrell J. Andersen, Prospex
Geological Enterprises, Marsh Lake, YT,
Canada; Richard H.T. Garnett, Valrik
Enterprises Inc., Oakville, ONT, Canada;
Margolis, Jacob, Bullion River Gold Corporation, Reno, NV:
David L. Emmons, Brian G. Hoal;
Perkins, Robert A., The Perkins Corporation, Reno, NV:
Tommy B. Thompson, Brian G. Hoal;
Piercey, Stephen J., Mineral Exploration Research Centre,
Sudbury, ON, Canada: C. Michael Lesher, Brian G. Hoal;
Sheriff, William M., Energy Metals Corporation, Wylie, TX:
Phillip Goodell, Brian G. Hoal;
Zappettini, Eduardo, Servicio Geologico Minero Argentino,
Bueno Aires, Argentina: José A. Perelló, Jeffrey W.
Hedenquist.
Carl James Jackman, Ivanhoe Mines
Monglia, Moonah, TAS, Australia;
Gantumur Khorloo, Mineral Resources
and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Luis Olcay,
Nacimiento LTD, Santiago, RM, Chile;
Michael B. Skead, Banro Resources, Cape
Town, WP, South Africa; Baojin Zhao,
University of Fort Hare, Alice, EC, South
Africa.
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW1STUDENT MEMBERS:
Lila M. Dolansky, McGill University,
Montreal, QC, Canada; Teesa Kamvong,
University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia;
Javier A. Ortuzar, Universidad de Chile,
Santiago-Nunoa, Chile; Rik Sneep,
Utrecht University, Utrecht, The
Netherlands; Bineli Thierry Olivier,
University of Geneva, Geneva,
Switzerland; Jesse G. White, University of
Alaksa-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; James
R. Austin, James Cook University,
Townsville, QLD, Australia; Aaron M.
Bertram, McMaster University, Hamilton,
ON, Canada; Sebastian M. Jovic,
Instituto de Recursos Minerales, La Plata,
Argentina; Bronto Sutopo, University of
Tasmania, TAS, Australia; Michael L.
Takaichi, University of Arizona, Tucson,
AZ; Elizabeth R. Sharman-Harris,
University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa. 1

ANNOUNCEMENTS
44 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
EXPLORING THE MODERN MINERALS RENAISSANCE
NORTHWEST MINING ASSOCIATION’S 111TH
ANNUAL MEETING, EXPOSITION & SHORT COURSES
DECEMBER 5 - 9, 2005 - SPOKANE, WASHINGTON
SHORT COURSES~ INDUSTRY BRIEFINGS
Uranium Short Course & Field Trip Avoiding Permitting Pitfalls & Delays
on Federal Lands Passive Treatment of Mining Influenced Waters
Geology-Focused NI 43-101 Reports Traditional Mapping vs. Digital .. Get
With The Digital Age! Principles and Practices of Water Management Using
Land Application NIOSH Industry Briefing and USGS Industry Briefing
MINERAL DEPOSITS, GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION SESSIONS
SEG’s New Developments in Porphyry Copper Deposits State & Province
Reports New Trends - Redefining Mineral Wealth Alaska Projects
Moving Forward Large Left Lateral Leaps in Geo-Logic/Primordial Rocks
& Extreme Life Re-Discoveries and New Ideas
BUSINESS AND FINANCE SESSIONS
The Business of Mining With a Social License Growth Companies Through
2005 The Business of Exploration & Mining - Financing Your Mine
Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner!
OPERATIONS SESSIONS
Operations Summit Health and Safety in a Booming Mining Industry
Minerals & Metallurgical Processing
LEGISLATIVE & PUBLIC AFFAIRS SESSIONS
Winning a Social License Through Sustainable Development Legislative Affairs
ENVIRONMENTAL SESSIONS
Reclamation Successes Restoration of Abandoned Mines
For more information contact NWMA
Phone: (509) 624-1158 Fax: (509) 623-1241
Email: pheywood@nwma.org Web: nwma@nwma.org
XII Colombian Mining Congress
- Exploration and mining in
tropical terrains
- Mineral Resources
- Mineral production added value
- Field Trips
- Case studies
Colombian Jewelry
- Commercial Jewelry
- Industrial Jewelry
- Artisan Jewelry
- Equipment / Inputs
- Associate companies of work. (E.A.T.),
- Emeralds
A Business meeting
- Industrial and mineral
potential of Colombia
- Legal and Fiscal conditions
- Mining investment show
- Investors and exchange
Forum
- Mineral prospects and
mining portfolio
Exhibitions
- Exploration Equipment
- Mining Equipment
- Mining Services
SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS AT
THE NWMA MEETING
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS: GEOLOGIC
ORIGINS, EXPLORATION, & ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
TECHNICAL SESSION
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 2005
Morning session - 8:00 am - 11:15 am
Session Chair: John H. Dilles (SEG Fellow 1987), Department of
Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
E-mail: dillesj@geo.oregonstate.edu; Tel: +1.541.737.1245
Session Description: Porphyry Cu (±Au, ±Mo) deposits are some of the
most economically important mineral deposits on earth. The session will
explore what modern geologic and analytical geochemistry studies are
learning about porphyry deposits. Presentations will examine factors that
form porphyry deposits, such as sources of metals and fluids, length of magmatism
and hydrothermal activity, wall-rock alteration and veins, regional
geology, and tectonics (Butte, Montana); geology of current exploration
areas in east Asia and South America, and environmental geology and
geochemistry of acid-mine waters related to the Butte superfund site.
Speakers and topics include:
Geology, Geochronology, and Geochemistry of Porphyry Cu-Mo
Ores and Base Metal Lodes at Butte, Montana, John H. Dilles,
Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
El Morro, Chile ppy Cu-Au, Paul E. Dircksen, Exploration Advisor,
Coeur d’Alene, ID
Geochemistry and Remediation of Acidic Mine Waters at Butte,
Montana, (Invited) Chris Gammons, Montana Tech of University of
Montana, Butte, MT
Current Exploration of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, (Invited) Peter
Mitchell, QGX, Ltd., Waterdown, ON, Canada
CONGRESO ARGENTINO DE ASOCIACIÓN ARGENTINA DE
GEOLOGÍA ECONÓMICA GEÓLOGOS ECONOMISTAS
VIII CONGRESO ARGENTINO
DE GEOLOGÍA ECONÓMICA
November, 15-17, 2005
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA
The Association of Economic Geologists of Argentina
invites you to the VIII Congress of Economic Geology.
This international event will offer the opportunity to
present papers on South American Metallogeny, New
Discoveries, Prospecting, and Economic Evaluation of
new projects, as well as Environmental Studies and related
topics.
The exploration and mining of VMS and SEDEX deposits
will be emphasized, and Argentina’s prospectivity for
PGE mineralization in mafic and ultramafic complexes
will be reviewed.
________________________________________________
Contact
Dr. Vicente Méndez
Presidente del VIII Congreso Argentino de Geología Económica
Maipú 645, Primer Piso, 1006 ACG Buenos Aires
e-Mail: congreso@aage.org.ar
www.aage.org.ar

OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 45
personal notes & news
CAREER-RELATED
CHANGES
TERENCE J. BOTTRILL (SEG 1992) has been
named exploration manager with
Canadian Shield. Previous employment
has included work for Inco, Rio Algom,
and Battle Mountain Canada. Terence has
40 years of experience working in various
terranes around the world.
ODIN D. CHRISTENSEN (SEG 1982 F) was
appointed director of CMQ Resources.
PETER J. DOYLE (SEG 1996) was appointed
by Troy Resources NL to the position of
Exploration and Business Development
Manager.
LINDSAY B. GILLIGAN (SEG 1997) has been
appointed Director, Geological Survey of
New South Wales, based in Maitland, New
South Wales, Australia.
TOMAS M. GUERRERO (SEG 1997 F) has been
appointed director with Fortuna Minerals.
STEPHEN JURAS (SEG 1979) was appointed
manager of geology for Eldorado Gold.
Prior to joining Eldorado, Stephen was
chief geologist with AMEC Americas.
JAMES B. LINCOLN (SEG 1989 F) has been
named vice president of corporate development
for Jinshan Gold Mines.
THOMAS K. MANCUSO (SEG 1985) has been
named president of a three-way merger of
Reno-based Western Goldfields Inc., TSX
venture-listed Romarco Minerals Inc., and
Colorado-based US Gold Corp. Thomas
has been chief executive of Western
Goldfields.
BORDEN PUTNAM III (SEG 1980 F) was
appointed director for Eurasian Minerals.
MICHAEL B. SKEAD (SEG 2005) has been
promoted to vice president-exploration by
Banro Corp. Michael was previously
exploration manager at Banro. He will be
responsible for directing gold exploration
activities in the Democratic Republic of
Congo.
DON R. TAYLOR (SEG 1982 F) has been
appointed vice president of exploration for
Doe Run Co.
RODNEY N. THOMAS (SEG 1993), formerly
vice president, exploration, with Diadem
Resources Ltd., was promoted to the position
of president, CEO, and director of the
company. Previous employment included
work with BHP Minerals Canada Ltd.,
Saskatchewan Mining Development
Corporation, and Urangesellschaft
Canada Ltd.
ROBIN S. TOLBERT (SEG 2001) has resigned
as vice president of exploration for Ross
River Minerals.
AWARDS & ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Many Thanks, Jeremy!
JEREMY P. RICHARDS (SEG 1985 F), who has
served as technical editor of the SEG
Newsletter since April 2003, announced
that he will be stepping down from the
volunteer position after the current issue.
His responsibilities have included soliciting,
selecting, and reviewing feature articles,
as well as shepherding them through
additional peer review. He has also been
responsible for the Economic Geology
Commentary column. The Society appreciates
the many hours Jeremy devoted to
seeking out interesting work for publication
and will miss his scrupulous editing
and oversight. We thank him for his commitment
and wish him well!
Farewell to Long-Time SEG Staffer
JEAN THOMS, first employed by SEG in the
early 1990s, retired from her position as
Head of Subscription Services in August.
Jean's contribution to the growth of the
Society over 13 years was enormous and
we all owe her a great debt of gratitude.
We wish her well in her retirement.
2005 Mining Hall Inductee
CHARLES MEYER (1915–1987)
has been inducted into the
National Mining Hall of
Fame. Born September 30,
1915, in St. Louis, Missouri,
Charles received his bachelor’s
and master’s degrees
from Washington University,
and a master’s in geology from
Harvard, where he studied under L.C.
Graton and Donald H. McLaughlin.
He took a position as research geologist
with Anaconda Copper Mining
Company, working under chief geologist
Reno H. Sales, with whom he studied the
mineralization of the district around
Butte, Montana. The outgrowth of the
study, involving an analysis of mineralogy
and ore controls with laboratory support,
was a detailing of the process of ore
formation and its effect on wall rocks.
Based on the work, Charles was awarded
a Ph.D. by Harvard in 1950.
In 1953, Charles joined the University
of California at Berkeley. He retired to
Sedona, Arizona, in 1982, becoming an
adjunct professor at the University of
Arizona.
A dedicated member of SEG, Charles
was named President of the Society in
1971, and received the SEG Penrose Gold
Medal in 1982.
Sam Adams to Receive AGI Award
SAMUEL S. ADAMS (SEG
1975 F) is the 2005
American Geological
Institute (AGI) Medalist
in Memory of Ian
Campbell. This award is
presented to a geoscience
professional in recognition
of singular performance
in and contributions
to the profession of geology.
Campbell had remarkable accomplishments
that gave him widespread influence
in the geosciences. AGI’s Medal in
Memory of Ian Campbell is the
Institute’s most distinguished award.
Sam received his bachelor’s and master’s
degrees from Dartmouth College
and his Ph.D. from Harvard University
in economic geology. Following graduation,
Adams worked for the International
Minerals and Chemical Corporation
in New Mexico, and then was
named chief geologist at Anaconda
Company.
In 1986, Sam was made chair of the
Department of Geology and Geological
Engineering at Colorado School of
Mines. After five years of working with
students, faculty and staff, Adams
returned to New Hampshire to run the
Loon Mountain Recreation Corporation,
the state’s largest ski and summer resort.
A former president of the Society of
Economic Geologists, and most recently,
chair of the SEG Publications Board, Sam
has served the SEG in many capacities.
The award, the most recent of many,
will be presented to Sam at the GSA
Presidential Awards on October 15 in
Salt Lake City, Utah.
DEATHS
G. CHRISTIAN AMSTUTZ (SEG 1955 SF) died
June 23, 2005, in Switzerland. He had
retired as a professor at the University of
Heidelberg and was a 50-year member of
the SEG at the time of his death.
WILLIAM C. GUSSOW (SEG 1951 SF) died
August 20, 2005, in Ontario, Canada. He
was 97 years old. No additional information
is available.
ANNOUNCEMENTS

46 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
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OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 47
.
7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127-3732 U.S.A.
Phone: +1.720.981.7882 / Fax: +1.720.981.7874
EXPLANATION OF BENEFITS FOR 2006
are eligible for 20% discounts on the purchase of SEG publications and
significantly reduced registration fees at conferences and seminars co-sponsored by the Society.
and
Standard Membership entitles members to receive print copies of the journal, , and the
by mail as well as on-line access to both publications. [US$95/year]
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copies of the journal are required to pay US$50/year and submit their request in writing via the Dues
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and initial the request for the journal if they so desire.
memberships are available. First member pays Standard Membership dues and receives all
publications; second membership qualifies for membership benefits without receipt of any publications for
US$25/year.
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• All dues are payable by January 1, 2006.
• All past due member accounts will be placed on the inactive list as of March 1, 2006.
• All dues payments received after March 1, 2006, will be assessed a late fee of US$25.
Canadian taxpayers who wish to contribute to the SEG Canada Foundation (SEGCF) should send their check or
money order in Canadian dollars to: SEG Canada Foundation
c/o G. G. Carlson
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Dues Notice forms with payment and all other contributions must be returned to:
Society of Economic Geologists, 7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127-3732 USA.

48 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS
Publications Order Form
Full details on publications are available on-line at www.segweb.org / Publications
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GUIDEBOOK SERIES:
GB 8: Industrial Mineral Resources of the Delaware Basin,
Texas, and New Mexico: J.R. Kyle, Editor; 1990, 203p. $24.00 $19.20
GB 22: Carbonate-Hosted Lead-Zinc-Fluorite-Barite Deposits
of North America: K.C. Misra, Editor; 1995, 254p. $36.00 $28.80
GB 28: The Carlin-Type Gold Deposits Field Conference:
P.G. Vikre, et al., Editors; 1997, 294p; 3 colored figures $36.00 $28.80
GB 29: Geology and Ore Deposits of the Oquirrh and Wasatch
Mountains, Utah: D.A. John & G.H. Ballantyne, Editors;
1997 (Revised 1998), 308p; 19 colored figures, 2 oversize
colored plates (in pocket) $40.00 $32.00
GB 30: Gold Deposits of Northern Sonora, Mexico: K.F. Clark,
Editor; 1998, 252p.; 12 colored figures, 1 oversized figure,
2 oversized plates (in pocket) $36.00 $28.80
GB 31: Epithermal Mineralization of the Western Carpathians:
F. Molnár, J. Lexa, & J.W. Hedenquist, Editors; 1999, 274p. $36.00 $28.80
GB 32: PART I. Contrasting Styles of Intrusion-Associated
Hydrothermal Systems: J.H. Dilles, et al., Editors;
PART II. Geology & Gold Deposits of the Getchell Region;
E.J. Crafford, Editor; 2000, 234p. $40.00 $32.00
GB 33: Svecofennian Ore-Forming Environments: Volcanic-
Associated Zn-Cu-Au-Ag, Intrusion-Associated Cu-Au,
Sediment-Hosted Pb-Zn, and Magnetite-Apatite Deposits
of Northern Sweden: R.L. Allen, O. Martinsson, and P. Weihed,
Editors; 2004, 175 p. AVAILABLE ON CD ONLY. $36.00 $28.80
GB 34: Epithermal Gold Mineralization and Modern Analogues,
Kyushu, Japan: C.A. Feebrey, T. Hayashi, & S. Taguchi,
Editors; 2001 188p. AVAILABLE ON CD ONLY! $36.00 $28.80
GB 35: PART I. Proterozoic Iron and Zinc Deposits of the Adirondack
Mountains of New York and the New Jersey Highlands: J.F. Slack,
Editor; PART II. Environmental Geochemistry and Mining History of
Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Vermont Copper Belt;
J.M. Hammarstrom & R.R. Seal II; 2001, 294p. $36.00 $28.80
GB 36: Cretaceous Porphyry-Epithermal Systems of the
Srednogorie Zone, Bulgaria: K. Bogdanov & S. Strashimirov,
Editors; 2003, 132 p. AVAILABLE ON CD ONLY. $36.00 $28.80
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY MONOGRAPH SERIES:
EG Mono 9: Mineral Deposits of Alaska: R.J. Goldfarb &
L.D. Miller, Editors; 1997, 483p., 9 colored figures $45.00 $36.00
EG Mono 10: The Giant Kidd Creek Volcanogenic Massive
Sulfide Deposit, Western Abitibi Subprovince, Canada:
M.D. Hannington & C.T. Barrie, Editors; 1999, 676p.,
32 colored figures; hard bound. $60.00 $48.00
EG Mono 11: Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Bathurst
Mining Camp, New Brunswick, and Northern Maine:
W.D. Goodfellow, S.R. McCutcheon, & J.M. Peter,
Editors; 2003; 930 p., hardbound. Includes CD-ROM.
(extra postage; see below) $69.00 $55.20
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY JOURNAL SPECIAL ISSUES:
10-Volume Bibliography and Index, Volumes 81-90, 1986-1995 $20.00 $16.00
For a complete listing of Economic Geology Special Issues,
go to https://store.agiweb.org/seg/
Vol. 98:8 Map Series Issue with Geology of the Bajo de la
Alumbrera Porphyry Copper Deposit, Argentina,
by John M. Proffett; 4 oversize maps in pocket
Vol. 98:8 Offprint. Geology of the Bajo de la Alumbrera
Porphyry Copper Deposit, Argentina: John M. Proffett;
$50.00 $40.00
4 oversize maps in pocket, 2 foldouts; 40p.
Vol. 99:7 Special Issue Devoted to Barite and Zn-Pb-Ag
Deposits in the Red Dog District, Western Brooks Range,
$35.00 $28.00
Northern Alaska: Guest Editors, K.D. Kelley & S. Jennings
Economic Geology 100
$50.00 $40.00
th Anniversary Volume: J.W. Hedenquist,
J.F.H. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb, and J.P. Richards, Editors; 2005,
1146 p. hardcover; Supplementary Appendices on CD-ROM. $100 $80
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REVIEWS IN ECONOMIC GEOLOGY SERIES:
Rev. 5: Sedimentary and Diagenetic Mineral Deposits:
A Basin Analysis Approach to Exploration: E.R. Force,
J.J. Eidel & J.B. Maynard, Editors $10.00 $8.00
Rev. 6: PART A: The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits:
Processes, Techniques, and Health Issues; G.S. Plumlee & M.J. Logsdon,
Editors; PART B: The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits:
Case Studies and Research Topics; L.H. Filipek & G.S. Plumlee,
Editors; 1999, Volume set total 583p. Sold only as a set $55.00 $44.00
Rev. 7: Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to
Understanding Mineralizing Processes: M.A. McKibben,
W.C. Shanks, III, & W.I. Ridley, Editors; 1998, 271p. $34.00 $27.20
Rev. 8: Volcanic-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits:
Processes and Examples In Modern And Ancient Settings:
C.T. Barrie & M.D. Hannington, Editors; 1999, 416p. $40.00 $32.00
Rev. 9: Ore Genesis and Exploration: The Roles of Organic Matter:
T.H. Giordano, R.M. Kettler, & S.A. Wood, Editors; 2000, 340 p. $49.00 $39.20
Rev. 10: Techniques in Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Geology:
J.P. Richards & P.B. Larson, Editors; 1998, 264 p. $34.00 $27.20
Rev. 11: Metamorphosed and Metamorphogenic Ore Deposits:
P.G. Spry, B. Marshall, & F.M. Vokes, Editors; 2000, 310p. $44.00 $35.20
Rev. 12: Application of Radiogenic Isotopes to Ore Deposit
Research and Exploration: D.D. Lambert & J. Ruiz,
Editors; 1999, 208p. $32.00 $25.60
Rev. 13: Gold In 2000: S.G. Hagemann & P.E. Brown,
Editors; 2000, 560p.; 8 colored figures $69.00 $55.20
Rev. 14: Structural Controls on Ore Genesis: J.P. Richards
& R.M. Tosdal, Editors; 2001, 190p. $45.00 $36.00
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES:
SP 3: Ore Reserve Estimates in the Real World:
J.G. Stone & P.G. Dunn; Third Edition, 2002, 121p. $37.00 $29.60
SP 4: Carbonate-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits:
D.F. Sangster, Editor; 1996, 672p.; hard bound $60.00 $48.00
SP 7: Geology and Ore Deposits of the Central Andes:
B.J. Skinner, Editor; 1999, 368p. $38.00 $30.40
SP 8: New Mines and Discoveries in Mexico and Central America:
T. Albinson & C.E. Nelson, Editors; 2001, 362p. $68.00 $54.40
SP 9: Integrated Methods for Discovery: Global Exploration in the
21st Century: R.J. Goldfarb & R.L. Nielsen, Editors; 2002, 392p. $59.00 $47.20
SP 10: Volcanic, Geothermal and Ore-Forming Fluids: Rulers
and Witnesses of Processes within the Earth: S.F. Simmons
& I. Graham, Editors; 2003, 360p. $59.00 $47.20
SP 11: Andean Metallogeny: New Discoveries, Concepts,
and Updates: R.H. Sillitoe, J. Perelló, and C.E. Vidal, Editors;
2004, 358p. $59.00 $47.20
SEG CONFERENCE SERIES: (Note: CD-ROMs listed are not audio)
Global Exploration 2002: Integrated Methods for Discovery
Abstracts of Oral and Poster Presentations, Apr. 14-16, 2002;
E.E. Marsh, R.J. Goldfarb, & W.C. Day, Editors; 150p. $10.00 $ 8.00
SEG 2004: Predictive Mineral Discovery Under Cover:
Extended Abstracts. SEG and the Centre for Global
Metallogeny (Australia). AVAILABLE ON CD-ROM ONLY. $20.00 $16.00
SEG Forum 2005: Controversies on the Origin of World-Class
Gold Deposits: Carlin and Witwatersrand, May 14, 2005;
John Muntean, Organizer. AVAILABLE ON CD ONLY. $20.00 $16.00
SEG Member Discount:
Members may purchase a single copy of
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Sub-Total _______ _______
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OCTOBER 2005 • No 63 SEG NEWSLETTER 49
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SEG VIDEO/DVD SERIES: Note: Each tape/DVD includes two one-hour lectures*
Vid. 1: 1) The Genesis of Magmatic Ni-Cu (PGE) Sulfide Deposits
2) Physical Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of
Komatiite Basalt Lava Channels and Channelized Sheet Flows
in the Cape Smith Belt, New Quebec: C. Michael Lesher,
Laurentian University, Sept. 1998 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 2: 1) Worldwide Exploration: Can We Afford It?,
2) Exploration Strategic Planning: Michael J. Knuckey, President,
Noranda Mining Exploration, Ltd., Nov. 1998 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 3: 1) The Porphyry to Epithermal Continuum: Evidence from
Volcanoes and Ore Deposits, 2) Characteristics of and Exploration
for Epithermal Gold Deposits in the Circum Pacific: Jeffrey W.
Hedenquist, Consulting Economic Geologist, April 1999 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 4: 1) Epithermal Gold Deposits—Characteristics, Classes
and Causes 2) Convergent Evolution and Ore Deposits:
Noel C. White, Consulting Economic Geologist, Sept. 1999 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 5: 1) Cordilleran Metallogeny of Western Canada
2) Intrusion-related Mineral Deposits: Tectonics, Magmas and
Fluids: John Thompson, Teck Corporation, Feb. 2000 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 6: 1) Geology and Genesis of the Irish Zn-Pb-Ag Ore Field
2) The Lisheen Deposits, Ireland: Discovery and Delineation
of a Blind Zn-Pb-Ag Orebody: Murray W. Hitzman,
Colorado School of Mines, Sept. 2000 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 7: 1) How Orebodies are Found 2) The Arequipa
Resources Pierina Project: David J. Lowell,
Lowell Mineral Exploration, Feb. 2001 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 8: 1) Tectonic Setting and Structural Controls in the Giant
Eocene-Oligocene Porphyry Copper Deposits of Northern
Chile 2) Late Cenozoic Mineralization and Crustal Evolution
in a Thickening Arc: The Maricunga and El Indio Mineral
Belts: Constantino Mpodozis, Chilean Geological Survey, Mar. 2001 $25.00 $20.00
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Vid. 9: 1) Mineral Resources and Mining: Supply, Demand the
Environment 2) Supergene Oxidation of Copper Deposits:
The Zoning of Copper Oxide Minerals and Applications to
Minerals Exploration: William X. Chavez, Jr., New Mexico
Institute of Mining, Apr. 2001 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 10: 1) Reflections on the Bre-X Saga
2) Pioneering Mining in the Arctic: Graham Farquharson,
Strathcona Mineral Services, Ltd., Nov. 2001 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 11: 1) Mississippi Valley-type Lead-Zinc Deposits through
Earth History: Implications for Ore Genesis, Crustal Fluid-Flow,
Paleoclimate, and Relation to Shale-Hosted (SEDEX) Deposits:
David L. Leach, U.S. Geological Survey, Mar. 2002 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 12: 1) Discovery History and Geology of the Cannington
Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit 2) Advances in Micro-Analytical Technologies
— What a grain can tell you Steve Walters,
Macquarie University, Apr. 2002 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 13: 1) Lode Gold Deposits through Earth History — Patterns
in Space and Time 2) Metallogeny of Gold Deposits in
China: R.J. Goldfarb, U.S. Geological Survey, Mar. 2003 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 15: 1) Characteristics of Lode Gold Deposits in Greenstone
Belts 2) Geology and Setting of Gold Deposits in the North
Carlin Trend, Nevada: François Robert, Barrick Gold, Dec. 2004 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 16: 1) Characteristics and Genesis of Carlin-type Gold
Deposits, NV 2) Upwelling Hot Water at a Proposed Nuclear
Waste Repository: Jean Cline, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas,
Feb. 2005 $25.00 $20.00
Vid. 17: 1) Breccias in Epithermal and Porphyry Deposits:
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The Birth and Death of Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems
2) The Giant Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits of
Northern Australia: David R. Cooke, Univ. of Tasmania, Feb. 2005 $25.00 $20.00
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09/05

ANNOUNCEMENTS
50 SEG NEWSLETTER No 63 • OCTOBER 2005
2005
SOCIETY OF
ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS
Nov. 15–17. VIII Congreso Argentino
de Geología Económica. Buenos Aires,
Argentina. E-mail: congreso@aage.org.ar;
Website: . See p. 44.
★ Dec. 5–9. Northwest Mining
Association (NWMA) Conference.
Spokane, Washington, USA. Website:
.
For more details, see p. 44.
2006
Jan. 5–6. Mineral Deposit Studies
Group (MDSG) 2006. London Annual
Winter Meeting. Natural History Museum,
London. Organized by MDSG in association
with Imperial College London and
the Natural History Museum. website:
. For
information, contact John Chapman,
e-mail: john.chapman@imperial.ac.uk.
May 14–16. SEG 2006 Conference –
Wealth Creation in the Minerals
Industry. Keystone Resort & Conference
Center, Keystone, Colorado, USA.
Website: . For complete
details, see pp. 25–28.
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
★ Aug. 21–24. 12th Quadrennial IAGOD
Symposium; Moscow, Russia. The First
Circular is available for download at
.
2005
Vernon DeRuyter
Exploration Geologist & Hydrologist
Tel: 520-419-2645, 744-8600 6880 West Ina Road
Fax: 520-744-8601 Tucson, Arizona 85743
www.rocksandwaters.com•
• International mineral and water projects •
Exploration • Development • Production
Prospect Generation and Evaluation
Geologic Mapping • Drilling Projects
Resource Estimation
Star (★) indicates new entry. Send entries to the SEG Office,
attn. SEG Production Director: 7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127 USA
Tel. +1.720.981.7882/Fax +1.720.981.7874.
OTHER EVENTS
Nov. 13–16. New Zealand Minerals
Conference 2005. Auckland, New
Zealand. Website: .
Nov. 21–24. Quebec Exploration 2005.
Chateau Frontenac, Quebec, Canada
website: .
Email: info@quebecexploration.qc.ca
★ Nov. 28–29. NewGen Gold 2005.
Perth, Western Australia. Sixth in a series
of biennial conferences featuring case histories
of the world’s most recent gold discoveries.
Organized jointly by Louthean
Media and Keith Yates and Assocs Pty
Ltd. For more information, see the website:
.
Dec. 8–17. Modular Course in
Exploration Geophysics. Sudbury,
Ontario, Canada. Information: Contact
Michael Lesher, Mineral Exploration
Research Centre, Department of Earth
Sciences, Laurentian University, 933
Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON,
Canada, P3E 6B5; Ph. +1.705.675.1151
x2364, Fax. +1.705.675.4898. E-mail:
2006
mlesher@laurentian.ca. Website:
.
★ Jan. 23–26. BCYCM Mineral
Exploration Roundup 2006. Vancouver,
BC. “Striving for Excellence in Exploration”.
Website:
★ Mar. 5–8. PDAC 2006 – Prospectors &
Developers Association of Canada.
Toronto, Canada. Website: .
★ Mar. 27–29. SME Annual Meeting &
Exhibits. St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Website: < http://www.smenet.org/meet
ings/AnnualMeeting2006/index.cfm>.
★ Apr. 10–12. Russian Academy of
Sciences Siberian Branch of RAS.
United Institute of Geology, Geophysics
and Mineralogy, Scientific Conference
“Topical problems of ore formation and
metallogeny”. For more information, see
Website: >http://www.uiggm.nsc.ru/conf/
conf100/>
PAUL W. KUHN
Registered Professional Geologist
Worldwide mine exploration/production
Exploration project generation/management
PK 69, Kavaklıdere PTT, 06691 Ankara, TURKEY
Tel: +90-542-675-1603 or +90-536-875-1333
U.S. mobile tel: 1-509-990-6786
e-mail: kuhnpw@cs.com
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IN
2005
The Economic
Geology 100 th
Anniversary
Volume celebrates
the centenary of
the journal. The
volume has three
parts: Earth environments
and
processes, ore
deposit types,
and regional
metallogeny.
Its goal is to
meet the needs
and interests of economic geologists in industry,
government, and academia, both professional and
student, for concise and up-to-date overview papers
that provide a synthesis of important topics in economic
geology.
Editors: Jeffrey W. Hedenquist, John F.H. Thompson,
Richard J. Goldfarb, and Jeremy P. Richards
Society of Economic Geologists
Hard cover, 1146 pages
95 color plates
CD-ROM with supplemental material
Price: $100 (members, $80)
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