Plants for life: - Sacred Seeds Sanctuary

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SOUTH ASIA• India, Sri LankaIt is estimated that 10% of all plant speciesin India are currently endangered (Pandey etal., 2007). There are estimated to be 8,000species of medicinal plants used in differentsystems of Indian medicine. Some 930 ofthese are known to be traded extensively,with at least 100 of these Red Listed (FRLHT,no date).• Development of medicinal plantconservation education programmes(e.g. for high school students inKarnataka).• Enhancing the establishment ofcommunity-based nurseries andprovision of training in nurseryFRLHTPRAGYAIUCNNational BotanicGardens, Sri Lankamanagement for selected medicinalThere is a gap of 40,000 tonnes in theplant species.Ministry ofdemand and supply of medicinal plants.Environment andThe major source is the forest, and about90% are collected from the wild (Kala andSojwan, 2007).BGCI has supported medicinal plantconservation projects in India ranging fromawareness raising and environmentaleducation on medicinal plants in schools tothe establishment of medicinal plant gardens.• Focus attention on key medicinalplant species such as: Aconitumferox, A.heterophyllum,Nothapodytes nimmoniana,Oroxylum indicum, Rauvolfiaserpentina, Saraca asoca, Swertiachirayita and Coscinium fenestratumand Cinnamomum spp. in Sri Lanka.Natural Resources,Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka, BGCI is currently working jointlywith IUCN on the assessment andconservation of Important Plant Areas.EAST AFRICA• Kenya, Tanzania,UgandaPerhaps more than anywhere, Africa’s socioeconomicprofile dictates reliance ontraditional medicine. Native plants are the• Pursue conservation statusassessments.Plantlife InternationalNational BotanicalSOUTHERN AFRICA• Namibiamain constituent of traditional Africanmedicines (TAM) (Cunningham, 1993). Unlikethe systems of Ayurveda and TCM, TAM isan oral tradition and there are few, if any,• Development of village-specifichome herbal health kits and homegardens with medicinal species forself healing, to include plants bothResearch Institute,NamibiaSANBIwritten records of its methods and materials.of conservation concern and thoseEstimates of the number of species usedunder no perceived threat.and the number threatened within Africa asa whole are therefore almost impossible.BGCI is working with the National Museums• Develop ex situ and in situconservation initiatives for otherthreatened species, notably: Aloeof Kenya and other partners from Kenya,spp., Hoodia spp., Osyris lanceolata,Tanzania and Uganda on conservationRhoicissus revoilii, Toddalia asiatica,assessments of and management plans forWarburgia salutaris, Withaniamedicinal plants in the region. A similarsomnifera, Zanha africana andassessment is proposed for Southern Africa,Zanthoxylum chalybeum.in particular in collaboration with theNational Botanical Research Institute inNamibia.• MadagascarMadagascar possesses some 80% endemicbiodiversity and is known to contain a• Convene a series of stakeholderworkshops to identify projectUniversity ofAntananarivowealth of medicinal plant species andinterventions addressing immediateindigenous knowledge. However, over 70%ex and in situ conservation needsMadagascar Plantsof its inhabitants live on less than US$1 abuilding on the results of the IPASpecialist Groupday, making it one of the poorest countriesassessment and focussing onin the world. The natural wealth of thespecies such as: Aloe suzannae,IUCNisland is therefore threatened by the extremeAsteropeia labatii, A.mcphersonii,poverty of the human population, and someEuphorbia ambovombensis,90% of the forest has now gone (Azafady,Leptolaena abrahamii, L.cuspidata,2007).L.multiflora, L.raymondii andSarcolaena delphinensis.As part of its joint initiative with IUCN – TheWorld Conservation Union, BGCI is workingon the assessment of Important Plant Areasin Madagascar.Plants for life: Medicinal plant conservation and botanic gardens 47
MESO AMERICA• Mexico, Costa RicaThe traditional medicinal systems of thisregion are highly localised, with plantspecies known to be of importance inproviding healthcare. There is little in theway of an official catalogue of medicinalplants. The IUCN MPSG is currentlyworking on a regional Red List of medicinalplant species.• Convene a series of stakeholderworkshops to identify projectinterventions addressing immediateex and in situ conservation needsand focussing on species such as:Cinchona spp., Ariocarpusbravoanus, A.kotschoubeyanus,Centropogon pilalensis, Euphorbiaantisyphilitica, Guiacum spp.,Obregonia denegrii and Opuntiamegarrhiza.Mexican Associationof Botanic GardensINBioBGCI is supporting the establishment of theMexican Strategy for Plant Conservation. Inthis framework, a number of issues formedicinal plant conservation will beaddressed.In Costa Rica, BGCI is currently workingjointly with IUCN on the assessment andconservation of Important Plant Areas.Photo creditsAll photographs are credited to BGCI except for the following: page 3, unknown (top), Conservatory and Botanic Gardens of Geneva(bottom); page 7, Stock Exchange (pills and Digitalis); page 8, Ulf Liedén (Gentiana); page 9, Keira Bishop (ginseng); page 11, PaulAlan Cox and Patricia Stewart (bottom), Steven King (middle); Page 12, Gisela Royo (top), unknown (bottom); page 13, G. Ulutuncokand GTZ (Prunus), Ruth Butler (bottom), unknown (Rauvolfia); page 14, unknown (Hoodia), Peter Wyse Jackson (bottom); page 19http://mynkw.totosik.pl (Lophophora); page 22; Fiona Walsh and Desert Knowledge Cooperative Centre (top); page 23, DavidNkwanga (Prunus); page 25, Ruth Butler (top).Design: John Morgan, Seascape. Email: studio@seascapedesign.fsnet.co.ukBotanic Gardens Conservation International is a worldwide membership organisation working on aninternational scale to safeguard tens of thousands of plant species from extinction. Its mission is to mobilisebotanic gardens and engage partners in securing plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet.BGCI brings together the world’s botanic gardens, forming a community working in partnership to achieveconservation, education and development goals.Enhancing the conservation of threatened medicinal plants to address human well-being and livlihood issuesis one of the aims of BGCI’s current 5-year plan. BGCI believes that the global network of botanic gardenscan play a key role in ensuring the sustainable use and protection of this vital resource. For more informationvisit www.bgci.org or email medicinalplants@bgci.org.BGCI is an independent organization registered in the United Kingdom as a charity (Charity Reg No1098834) and a company limited by guarantee No 4673175. BGCI is a tax-exempt (502(c)(3)) non-profitorganization in the USA and is a registered charity in Russia.For more information about BGCI and its activities, please contact: Botanic Gardens Conservation International,Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UKTel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953, Fax: +44 (0)20 8332 5956, email: info@bgci.org, www.bgci.org48Plants for life: Medicinal plant conservation and botanic gardens
Page 4: ContentsMagnolia denudata.Flower bu
Page 7 and 8: 3. Medicinal plants for healingMedi
Page 9 and 10: 4. Medicinal plants for livelihoods
Page 11 and 12: 5. Approaches to medicinal plantcon
Page 13 and 14: • In October 1991, the Costa Rica
Page 15 and 16: Hoodia spp.Hoodia spp. are slowgrow
Page 17 and 18: Questionnaire responses illustrated
Page 19 and 20: Working with local authorities, Oax
Page 21 and 22: 7. Recommendations for medicinal pl
Page 23: 4. ConserveThe role of plant and se
Page 29: Lydecker, M., Silverman, M. & Lee,
Page 32 and 33: Annex 2 - Source data for list of m
Page 34 and 35: Annex 3 - Medicinal plants question
Page 36 and 37: Within the 35 priority list 5 gener
Page 38 and 39: Other medicinal plant species sugge
Page 46 and 47: Annex 6: The 2007 IUCN Red List of
Page 50: This publication is supported by th

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