Earth Observation and Data Sharing for Disaster Management

Session Report: WG4Earth Observation andData Sharing for DisasterManagementCo-Chairs:K. Takara (DPRI, Kyoto Univ.)H. Sawada (IIS, Univ. of Tokyo)M. Shimada (EORC, JAXA)2009/02/06The Third GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium,Kyoto, Japan, 4-6 February 2009

Session WG4 Outline• 10 speakers (including 2 additionalpresentations from Thailand and GEOSecretariat)• Many audiences (Session Room C wasalmost full. Thank you!)• Q & A was done after each presentation.• No time for Summary Discussion• The Chair recommended participants toraise their proposals, suggestions, etc.at the afternoon sessions.

IFNet-GFASHeavy rainfall alert system and flood forecasting systemUsing satellite-based rainfall information for poorly gauged basinsTomonobu SUGIURASenior ResearcherInternational Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM)

ContentsIFNet (International Flood Network)Background of development of GFASSatellite-based rainfall informationGFAS (Global Flood Alert System)Heavy rainfall alert system using satellite-based rainfall informationIFAS (Integrated Flood Analysis System)Flood forecasting system using satellite-based rainfall information

JAXA’s Contribution to World ClassDisaster through International Data SharingSystemThird GEOSS Asia-Pacific SymposiumData Sharing for Traverse GEOSSFebruary 5, 2009Kyoto Research ParkShoji MatsubaraJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)2-2-1 Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan

3. Data Sharing ofJAXA’s Disaster information system1. Domestic Disaster Response Demonstration........... Encouraging space technology to Japanesegovernment disaster response system2. Regional Disaster Information Sharing System(Sentinel Asia)............. Bridging space and disastermanagement organizations in the Asian-Pacificregion3. Global Disaster Information Sharing Systems(The International Charter “Space and Major Disaster”)...... Cooperation among space agencies and nationaldisaster management organizations

Charter Member AgenciesCSACanadaNOAAUSGSUSACNESFranceESADMCEuropeCNSAChinaISROIndiaJAXAJapanCONAEArgentina

Charter Activation CasesLena River, RussiaBritishColumbia, CanadaGermany 1,2&3 Czeck Republic 1&2LuxembourgNorth Ossetia, RussiaNorthern France Austria 1&2Saône, & Rhône FranceSloveniaCaucassus, RussiaEnglish Channel 1&2France Lago Maggiore, ITSwitzerlandRomania 1,2&3Galicia, SpainHungaryBulgariaPortugal Etna, IT Stromboli, ITUSATehran, Iran3North KoreaBingol, TurkeyMorocco Algeria 1&2Hindu Kush, Afghanistan 1&2Al Hoceïma, MoroccoLebanon 1&2Louisiana, USAKashmir, PakistanCanary Islands, SpainIran 1,2&4 Kashmir, India NepalFlorida, USA Gonaives, HaitiYucatan, MexicoPakistan 1&2Assam, IndiaChinaGujarat, IndiaIndiaDominican RepublicManitoba,CanadaEl Salvador 1&2Central AmericaGuaranda Municipe, ColombiaGaleras Volcano, ColombiaGalapagos, EcuadorRarotonga, Cook Islands(During 2000 – 2007)BritishColumbia, CanadaHispaniola,HaitiEarthquake (17)Volcanic Eruption (8)Landslide (6)Flood/ocean wave (60)Storm/hurricane (11)Oil Spill (10)Forest Fire (8)Other (1) (Total 121)BoliviaSoufrière, MontserratGrenada IslandSurinameGeorgetown, GuyanaVenezuelaBolivia 2Bolivia-Paraguay-ArgentinaArgentina 4Santa Fe, Argentina 1Argentina 3Patagonia, Argentina 2DenmarkSwedenSudan 1&2Ethiopia 1Ethiopia 2&3SomaliaNyiragongo, CongoKenya 1&2ComorosCaprivi,NamibiaMozambiqueGulf of Aden, YemenPhilippines 2&5Cuddalore, IndiaPhilippines 1&3Philippines 4Banda Aceh, IndonesiaSri Lanka 1&2Nias Island, IndonesiaJava, Indonesia 3&4Indonesia 5Nabire,Indonesia

Earth Observation and Data Sharingfor Disaster Management FireHaruoSawadaThe University of TokyoN THE GROUND

Forest Fire is a Worldwide and International ProblemFactorsSocial factor, Natural factorImpactsTo environment & human healthTo forest resourcesCountermeasuresPolicy, Information, Citizen participationNatural ScienceSocial ScienceInformaticsVietnamInternational cooperationFeedback into policiesOperationalDetection, reportingScientificInformationIndonesiaAutomatic Web Information

Activities Related to Forest FireBefore FireAfter FireNaturalConditionEnvironmentMonitoringEarly WarningFire RiskFire HistoryCO2 EmissionEnv. StudyHuman HealthForestEnvironmentFireSpreadForest GrowthRegenerationHumanActivityFireResistantForestFire ControlFire ConstraintEarlyDetectionSuppressionDamageAssessmentManagementPlantationEducation, Capacity Building

Early warningInformation of El Nino/La Nina and Dipole mode:Early warning for severe dry seasonby monitoring sea surface temperature (SST)Surface temperature of the world: cloud-free image of every 10 days (Sawada)

Early warningPrediction of vegetation drynessfor the fire spread risk.1) Cloud-free image is created every 8 days by applying the LMF-KFfiltering to MODIS data2) Dryness Index image (VDI) is created and predicted by NDVI and NDIIExample of the effect ofLMF ProcessingPrediction of dryness2009.2.2- 2.9

Application of Earth Observationin Flood Risk Reduction in NepalMandira Shrestha, Basanta Shrestha and SagarBajracharyamshrestha@icimodicimod.org3 rd GEOSS Asia Pacific SymposiumFebruary 4-6, Kyoto, JapanInternational Centre for Integrated Mountain DevelopmentKathmandu, Nepal

Key Issues• Transboundary rivers• Not adequate lead time• Diversity of technical,scientific and institutionalknow-how• Lack of exchange of timelyreal time data especiallyacross national boundaries• Scarce density of hydrometstations

Satellite Based Rainfall Estimation:NOAA CPC-RFE2.0• Initial version became operational in January 2001• Originally run over the African continent then expanded tosouthern Asia and western Asia / eastern Europe• Product is a combination of surfaceand satellite precipitation information• Spatial resolution: 0.1 degreeTemporal resolution: daily• 5 o to 40 o N, 60 o to 110 o E15-17 Nov, 2008 SOHAM Conference

Terrain AnalysisDerivatives of the DEM DataDerived by GIS-basedTerrain AnalysisFlowDirectionFlowAccumulationFlowLengthHillLengthSlopeSource: USGS15-17 Nov, 2008 SOHAM ConferenceSubbasinsand RiversSubbasinConnectivity

Monitoring of Glaciers andGlacier lake: ImjaCORONA 15 DEC 1962 SPACE SHUTTLE DEC 1983LANDSAT TM 1992IRS ID PAN 19 MAR 2001ENVISAT, ASAR, 18 October 200715-17 Nov, 2008 SOHAM ConferenceQuickbird Jan 2006 IRS LISS3 2005

Disaster monitoring using the PALSARinterferometryM. ShimadaJAXA/EORCFeb. 5 2009Kyoto Research Park

Differential SAR interferometry (2/2)Final result (3) is gained by ortho-rectification and the geocoding of the image (2)(1)orbit correction(2)topography correction(3)final result

PALSAR Data acquisitions(1/2)1,000,000 scenes

Large scale deformation caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake

SE products (3): 2008 summer:Gamma-naughtBunkleSIMEULUE Is.Solomon

PALSAR InterferometryOrbital AccuraciesOrbital CharacteristicsInSAR combinationsIncidence angle dependenceTime dependence

Contribution of ALOS/PALSAR to theEarthquake Hazard Mitigation:Example from the 2008 Wenchuan,China, EarthquakeManabu Hashimoto, Yo Fukushima,Mari Enomoto, Mika ArimotoDPRI, Kyoto University

Precise Evaluation ofSeismic HazardPurpose of InSAR Study ofEarthquakePrecise Observation ofCrustal DeformationPreciseModel

Path of ALOS Ascending orbits Look direction:EWE Off-nadir: 34.3 7~8 frames/path Swath width~70km Precise state vector(except 477) DEM: Hole-filledSeamless SRTM3by CGAIRAftershock datafrom USGS(2008)

(c)JAXA, METI, analyzed by DPRI-KU

Time SeriesAnalysis Spatialdistribution ofsecular slowfault motion Stuck patch offault Basis of strongground motioncomputation/hazard evaluationLanari et al.(2006)

ALOS/PALSARInterferogramin Shikoku(2006~2008)

Interferometric analysis of geohazardswith synthetic aperture radars :LandslidesNicola Casagli (Florence Univ., Italy; ICL)Hiroshi Fukuoka (DPRI-Kyoto Univ., Japan; ICL)

Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI)pixel by pixel analysisSan FranciscoInternational Airportmulti-imageprocessingESA - ERSSanFranciscoBayProcessing technique ofSAR images formeasurement of grounddeformations withmillimetric accuracy35giorni100 KmDataset of SAR images100 Kmtempo

Revised hazard area with PS information

Ground based SAR interferometryPortable SAR apparatus known as LISA (Linear SyntheticAperture Radar), developed by the Joint Research Centreof the European Commission

Landslide Monitoring by Ground-based Interferometry SAR (Monte Benilandslide, Italy)08/05/2002 09/05/2002 10/05/2002 11/05/2002 12/05/2002 13/05/2002 13:59 17:10 20.28 23:37 00:07 04:00 06:35 08:4014:05 16:50 19:20 23:55 03:10 05:50 09:45 11:52 13:50 16:4519:00 21:20 23:42 02:45 06:00 08:30 11:20 14:30 17:35 20:10 22:40 02:15 05:46 08:5512:40 15:40 18:12LOS DISPLACEMENT (mm)Start: 8/5/2002 13:59End: 13/5/2002 18:12Interval: 124 hAcquisition time: 40 minPeak velocity: 0.48 mm/hMean Velocity: 0.16 mm/h

Landslide risk evaluation in Machu Picchu WorldHeritage, Peru

Analysis of DInSAR of Zentoku Landslideanalyzed by Dr. Furuta, RESETC0828 1013Time series of DInSAR Result0716 0831 1016Az2006200720080718(a)(b) (c) (d)(e)(f)Rg(a) (b) (c)(d)(e)(f)NAll of image ©METI, JAXA analyzed by RESTEC

Before EQ.After EQ.Detection of a landslide dam by ALOS-PALSARData : JAXA EORC

Concept of Sentinel Asiaand its latest activitiesThe 3 rd GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium in Kyoto, Japan5 February 2009Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyKazuya Kaku42

Framework of Sentinel Asia Step2Space CommunityAPRSAF*Data ProvisionPromotion of UtilizationCapacity BuildingSentinel AsiaDisaster ManagementCommunityADRC**Member CountriesUtilization (User)* Asian-PacificRegionalSpace Agency ForumJoint Project Team (JPT)Join Project Team consists of total 59 organizationsincluding 51 agencies from 20 countries and 8international organizations as of January 2009** Asian DisasterReduction CenterInternational CommunityUN / ESCAP UN / OOSAASEAN AIT etc.International Cooperation43

ADRC Member Countries27 Member Countries, 5 Advisor Countries, 1 ObserverImplement Various Projects in cooperation with UN/ISDR, UN/OCHA, UNESCO, UNU, WMO, UN/ESCAP, etc.44

Flow of Emergency ObservationDisasterOccurrenceSupportJAXAAsia Branch(Bangkok)ADRC MembersJPT MembersADRCEmergency ObservationRequestSupportDigital Camera ImagesSatellite Images& Disaster InformationDisaster Management Agenciesin Asian CountriesFeedbackDisaster InformationSentinel AsiaSystemEmergency ObservationRequestArchive ImagesJAXAISROGISTDAKARIImages by EmergencyObservationAnalyzed ProductsData Provider NodeAITADRCCRISPAnalyzable DataData Analysis Node45

Emergency Observation in Sentinel AsiaNumber Time Place Type of disaster1 Feb. 2007 Jakarta, Indonesia Flood2 March 2007 West Sumatra Earthquake3 April 2007 Solomon Islands Earthquake4 May 2007 Nepal Snowstorm5 June 2007 Bangladesh Landslide6 July 2007 Pakistan Tropical Cyclone7 July 2007 Indonesia Volcano Eruption8 July 2007 Tajikistan Earthquake/Landslide9 July 2007 Indonesia Flood/Landslide10 July 2007 Bangladesh Flood11 Sep. 2007 Indonesia Earthquake12 Sep. 2007 Thailand Flood13 Oct. 2007 Vietnam Flash Flood/Flood14 Nov. 2007 Vietnam Flash Flood/Flood15 Nov. 2007 Bangladesh Tropical Cyclone16 Jan. 2008 Australia Flood17 Feb. 2008 Indonesia Flood46

Emergency Observation in Sentinel AsiaNumber Time Place Type of disaster18 May 2008 Myanmar Cyclone/Flood19 May 2008 China Earthquake20 June 2008 Indonesia Storm Surge21 June 2008 Japan Earthquake22 June 2008 Philippines Typhoon/Flood23 July 2008 Japan Earthquake24 Aug. 2008 Lao PDR Flood25 Aug. 2008 Nepal Flood26 Sep. 2008 Thailand Flood27 Sep. 2008 Nepal Flood28 Oct. 2008 Pakistan Earthquake29 Nov. 2008 Vietnam Flash Flood30 Nov. 2008 Thailand Flood31 Dec. 2008 Thailand Flash Flood32 Jan. 2009 Indonesia Earthquake/Tsunami33 Jan. 2009 Philippines Flood47

Heavy Rainfallin Hanoi, Vietnamon 30-31 October2008

ALOS/AVNIR2 and PALSAR Images49

Regional Cooperation in Step2applying Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS)gGlobal observation of rainfallby earth observation satellitesSatellite-basednear real-timerainfall dataTopographic dataOther GIS data for runoff mode(Land use, soil, etc.)Ex.) IFNet-GFAS, NASA-3B42RT, JAXA-GSMaPData download throughInternet, free of chargeFlooddisasterprevention &mitigationCurrent situationDespite of the needs for flood forecasting/warning,No rainfall, GIS data, nor analytical tools Required much money & time for implementationUser can utilize advanced technology as easilyand effectively and autonomously as possible 50with the sense of local ownership

Capacity Building and Human NetworkThe 3rd Sentinel Asia SystemOperation Training by JAXAin cooperation withAIT, ISRO, ADRCin September 2008The 4th Sentinel AsiaSystem Operation Trainingis plannedin Lao PDRin February 2009

Concept of Sentinel Asia Step2ObservationCommunication SatelliteUtilizationSpace AgencyEarth Observation SatelliteTransmissionDisasterManagementOrganizationValue-addedInformationDisaster Information@Sharing (Web)User ExpansionGovernmental LocalOrganization Governmental(ADRC members) OrganizationEnd UserHuman NetworkCapacity Building Outreach52

Sentinel Asia Milestone2006 2007 2008 2009Step 1Step 22010 2011 2012APRSAF-13APRSAF-14 APRSAF-15 APRSAF-16 APRSAF-17 APRSAF-18 APRSAF-19JPTM#1 JPTM#2 JPTM#3 JPTM#4Step 2 JPTM#1ALOSWINDSOperationSTARTEmergency ObservationALOSIRSValidationDAN Wildfire MonitoringFull Operation, Regional CooperationFlood MonitoringGFASIFASMeteorological ImageryMTSAT-1RWINDSPreparationUtilization of WINDSSystemStep 1 SystemDevelopmentStep 2 System53

The Third GEOSS Asia-Pacific SymposiumKyoto Research Park, Kyoto, Japan4 - 6 Febuary 2009Mr. Kriengkrai KhovadhanaExpertThailand National Disaster Warning Center

3Warning Phase 1-31

• Phase I, 103 towers in Southern Thailand, West Coast• Phase II, 48 towers in Southern Thailand, East Coast• Phase III, 144 towers in Central, Northern andNortheastern Thailand (2007 – 2008)

Phrae (5)Phayao (5)Chiang Rai (4)Nan (5) Loei (3) Nong Bualamphu (3)Udonthani (3)Nong Khai (3)Mae Hong Son (4)Chiang Mai (3)Khon Kaen (1)Lampang (2)Sakon Nakhon (3)Lamphun (2)Kalasin (3)Nakhon Phonom (3)Uttaradit (3)Mahasarakham (1)Sukhothai (4)Tak (4)Mukdahan (3)Phitsanulok(3)Kamphaengphet (1)Roiet (3)Phichit (2)Amnat Charoen (3)Phetchabun(5)Chaiyaphum (1)Nakhon Sawan (2)Ubon Ratchathani (3)Uthai Thani (2)Sisaket (1)Chainat (2)Nakhon Nayok (2)Surin (1)Lopburi (2)Kanchanaburi (3)Suphanburi (2)Ayutthya (2)Ratchaburi (3)Phetchaburi (3+2)Prachuab Khiri Khan (3+2)Prachinburi (2)Sakaeo (2)Chonburi (3+2)Rayong (3+2)Chanthaburi (3+2)Trat (3+2)Buriram (1)Nakhon Ratchasima(1)Ranong (5)Chumphon (3+2)Yellow triangle shows 76 warning towers installedin disaster-prone areas in Southern Thailand, westcoast for Phase IPhang Nga (18)Suratthani (3+2)Red square shows implementation plan for PhaseII to install 3 towers in each province in EasternThailand and Southern Thailand, east coastKrabi (12)Phuket (16)Trang (11)Satun (14)Nakhon Sithamarat (3+2)Phatthalung (3+2)Songkhla (3+2)Pattani (3+2)Yala (3+2)Narathiwat (3+2)Green circle shows implementation plan forPhase III to install 3 towers in each province inNorthern and Northeastern ThailandWhite and green spot shows disaster areas to beinstalled warning towers in Phase II and Phase III

The Mission• Co-operation of USA (NOAA) +Thailand(NDWC)• Responsible & Care for the people ofthe Indian Ocean rim• to increase capability on thetsunami warning system ofthis region• conducted during December1-5, 2006• At 9 ο N, 89 ο E• The launching ceremonywas performed on December1, 2006• By– H.E.Nitya Pibulsonggram,Minister of Foreign Affairs ofThailand,– H.E. Ralph L. Boyce, U.S.Embassy of Thailand.

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GEO Disasters SBA: overview ofinitiatives and priorities in 2009-2011Veronica GrassoGEO SecretariatDisaster ExpertPresented by Osamu Ochiai“Former” GEO SecretariatNow JAXA/SAPC

DISASTERSReducing loss of life and property fromnatural and human-induced disasters.GEO Activities focus on:• Providing basic Geographic Products• Ensure provision of timely and accurate information• Ensure development of predictive models and decision supportsystems• Filling technical and organizational gaps, as well as continuityissuesTowards a multi-hazard multi-risk approach

Disasters SBA: Priorities- Ensure Access for All- Develop End-to-end Services- Coordinate and Sustain Observing Systems

Disaster Tasks – GEO 2009-2011 Work PlanLEADOVERARCHING TASKS SUB-TASKSEntity carrying out theworkDI-06-09: Use of Satellitesfor Risk ManagementDI-09-01: SystematicMonitoring for GeohazardsRisk AssessmentDI-09-02: Multi-RiskManagement andRegional ApplicationsDI-09-03: Warning Systemsfor DisastersDI-09-01a: Vulnerability Mapping and RiskAssessmentDI-09-01b: Seismographic NetworksImprovement and CoordinationDI-09-02a: Implementation of a Multi-RiskManagement ApproachDI-09-02b: Regional End-to-End DisasterManagement ApplicationsDI-09-03a: Tsunami Early Warning Systemof SystemsDI-09-03b: Implementation of a FireWarning System at Global LevelCanada, China,CEOS,UNOOSAChina, France,Italy, ESA,UNOSAT,WMOChina, USA,EC, FDSN, ISCFrance, WMOFranceIOC, UNOSATCanada,Porutgal, GTOS

DI-06-09: Use of Satellites for Risk Management• With reference to a multi-hazard approach, define and facilitateimplementation of a virtual constellation for risk management.The Task will include development of dedicated software toolsand• The Task will also include specific activities concerningConstellation requirements definition and performanceassessment, with the full involvement of Users• Extension of International Charter for Major Disasters andSpace‣ Application of the concept of Virtual constellation to Risk Management‣ Activities include close consultation with the International Charter on “Spaceand major disasters”, in order to follow its evolution and identify its role withinthe progressive coverage of all the phases of the Risk Management Cycle.ALOS and its follow-on, Sentinel Asia

DI-09-01: Systematic Monitoring to Support Geohazards RiskAssessment• a) Vulnerability Mapping and Risk Assessment (former DI-06-03 and DI-06-07)Major interconnected activities include: (i) retrieval, integration and systematic access to theremote sensing and in-situ data of a certain number of regional areas (“Supersites”)exposed to geological threats (initial focus will be in dramatically enhancing access to SARdata); (ii) development, testing and application of global seismic vulnerability mapping to“Supersites” areas.• b) Seismografic Networks Improvement and Coordination (former DI-06-02) InSAR analisys(JAXA, DPRI-KU)Facilitate improvement of capabilities for global seismographic networks such as GSN, FDSN(including regional and global components) and GNSS networks and new ocean bottomnetworks such as VENUS and NEPTUNE.Facilitate the sharing of data and event products among GEO members.Expand and coordinate efforts to provide access, using GEOSS interoperability methods, to realtimeand archived seismological data and products and develop a portal that will linkdistributed seismological data centers to provide seamless access to other GEOSScomponents.

DI-09-02: Implementation of Multi-Risk Management Approachand Regional Applications• a) Multi-hazard Approach Definition and Progressive Implementation(former DI-06-08)Promote the definition and implementation of an integrated and comprehensiveapproach to systematically address all risks and disasters phases, including riskassessment and mapping. Support ISDR in the Implementation of the HyogoFramework for action and promote the definition and implementation of aDisasters Community of Practice (CoP)• b) Regional end-to-end disaster management applicationsDefine framework and Implement regional cross-cutting end-to-end projects(Famine and drought early warnings for Africa; multi-risk decision-support toolsfor Latin-Central America and Asia; and risk management for floods such asprompt implementation of flood forecasting and analysis system for poorlygaugedriver basins under the concept of GFAS-Streamflow proposed by IFNetusing IFAS)IFNet will be presented in the session. ICIMOD, GFAS-IFAS

DI-09-03: Warning Systems for Disasters• a) Tsunami early warning system of systems (former DI-06-04)Support the establishment and continuation of a multi-hazard fully operational globaltsunami and mitigation system of systems• b) Implementation of a fire warning system at global level (former DI-06-13)Develop a globally-coordinated warning system for fire, including improvedprediction capabilities, analysis tools, and response through sensors,information products and risk assessment models.Forest Fire Application (IIS-UT)

‣ Extending Charter Access to GEO MembersIn response to GEO request for broader GEO members’access to Charter, the Charter Board unanimouslyendorsed the principle of « universal access » for allstates.GEO is working to define a strategy for providingCharter access to all GEO members (47 GEOMembers do not have an Authorized User to activatethe Charter).

‣ Extending Charter Access to GEO MembersWithin this framework, GEO strongly supports SentinelAsia request to the Charter to trigger the Charter onbehalf of its member countries.GEO will closely coordinate with Sentinel Asia andintends to support Sentinel Asia to become regionalcenter for Charter access in the region.

Session Chair’s Suggestion• Enhancement of data availability and usability forend users• Further development of technologies for disastermanagement• Capacity building and education for disastermanagement applications• More involvement of academia (universities,research institutions) to GEO and GEOSS as usersand advisors• Hazard mapping application would be a commonresearch/practice target topic