Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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23their specifi c situations. For example, inbred lines are developed at IITAand made available to NARS partners who develop open-pollinated(synthetic) varieties or hybrids as best suited to their countries.WECAMAN has provided an overall framework and greatlyfacilitated the implementation of projects targeted to West and CentralAfrica. Two examples are the AMS and NF projects which have beenexecuted by member countries of WECMAN and administered in thesame manner as the USAID-funded projects of WECAMAN.The success of WECAMAN, including the AMS and NF projects,is not only in technology generation but also in technology transfer,which actually was given a high priority over the years. This has ledto increased maize production, improved food security, and a positivemove toward poverty alleviation in the subregion, thus achievingto a large extent, the goal of donors in funding the activities of theNetwork. Herein lies the benefi t of the Network to the donors; that is,the assurance that the funds they have provided have been judiciouslyutilized to achieve the desired goal of food security and povertyalleviation in the countries of WCA.To conclude, WECAMAN has been a good example of howcollaboration among NARES, IARCs, and donor agencies can successfullyovercome cross-cutting constraints in crop production in WCA. As reportedby Badu-Apraku et al. (2005), for the collaboration among NARES, IARCsand donor agencies to have the desired impact, each stakeholder shouldfocus on what it can do best. The IARCs should concentrate on researchthat NARES do not have the comparative advantage to implement, providebackstopping to NARES, and facilitate the exchange of germplasm andother technologies between NARES; participating NARES should focus onresearch in which they have capabilities as well as on the rapid transfer ofproven new technologies; and donors and national governments shouldprovide sustained funding support.ReferencesBadu-Apraku, B., M. A. B. Fakorede, A. Menkir, K.A. Marfo and L. Akanvou.2005. Enhancing the capacity of national scientists to generate and transfermaize technology in West and Central Africa – Research implementation,monitoring and evaluation. Journal of Experimental Agric. 41:137–160.Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede, and S.O. Ajala, 2004a. Enhancing humanresources for maize research and development in West and CentralAfrica: a networking approach. Journal Natural Resources and Life SciencesEducation 33:77–84.Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede, S.O. Ajala, and L. Fontem. 2004b.Strategies of WECAMAN to promote the adoption of sustainable maizeproduction technologies in West and Central Africa. Journal of Food,Agriculture and Environment 2 (3&4):107–114.
24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede, A. Menkir, A.Y. Kamara, L. Akanvou, andY. Chabi, 2004c. Response of early maturing maize to multiple stressesin the Guinea savanna of West and Central Africa. Journal of Genetics andBreeding 58(2):119–130.Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede, A. Menkir, A.Y. Kamara, and S. Dapaah,2005. Screening maize for drought tolerance in the Guinea savanna of Westand Central Africa. Cereal Research Communications 33(2&3):533–540.Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede, A. Menkir, A.Y. Kamara, and A. Adam.2004d. Effects of drought-screening methodology on genetic variancesand covariances in Pool 16 DT maize population. Journal of AgriculturalScience, Cambridge 142:45–452.Badu-Apraku, B., M. A. B. Fakorede, M. Ouédraogo, R. J. Carsky and A.Menkir (eds). 2003. Maize Revolution in West and Central Africa.Proceedings of a Regional Maize Workshop, May 2001, IITA-Cotonou,Benin Republic.Fakorede, M.A.B., B. Badu-Apraku, A.Y. Kamara, A. Menkir, and S.O. Ajala,2003. Maize revolution in West and Central Africa: An overview. Pages 3–15 in B. Badu-Apraku, M.A.B. Fakorede, M. Ouedraogo, R.J. Carsky, andA. Menkir (eds.) Maize revolution in West and Central Africa. Proceedingsof a Regional Maize Workshop, IITA-Cotonou, Republic of Benin, 14–18May 2001. WECAMAN/IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). (2001). FAOSTAT-AGRICULTURE[Online] Available at http://www.fao.org/waicent/portal/statistics_en.asp(accessed 23 November 2004).Gyasi, K.O., L.N. Abatania, T. Paulinus, M.S. Abdulai, and A.S. Langyintuo,2003. A study of the adoption of improved maize technologies innorthern Ghana. Pages 365–381 in B. Badu-Apraku, M.A.B. Fakorede, M.Ouedraogo, R.J. Carsky and A. Menkir (eds.) Maize revolution in West andCentral Africa. Proceedings of a Regional Maize Workshop, IITA-Cotonou,Republic of Benin, 14-18 May 2001. WECAMAN/IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.Onyibe, J.E., C.K. Daudu, J.G. Akpoko, R.A. Gbadegesin, and E.N.O. Iwuafor,2003. Pattern of spread of extra-early maize varieties in the Sudansavanna ecology of Nigeria. Pages 382–394 in B. Badu-Apraku, M.A.B.Fakorede, M. Ouedraogo, R.J. Carsky and A. Menkir (eds.) Maize revolutionin West and Central Africa. Proceedings of a Regional Maize Workshop,IITA-Cotonou, Republic of Benin, 14–18 May 2001. WECAMAN/IITA,Ibadan, Nigeria.Sallah, P.Y.K., K. Obeng-Antwi, E.A. Asiedu, M.B. Ewool, and B.D. Dzah, 2003.Recent advances in the development and promotion of quality proteinmaize in Ghana. Pages 410–424 in B. Badu-Apraku, M.A.B. Fakorede, M.Ouedraogo, R.J. Carsky, and A. Menkir (eds.) Maize revolution in West andCentral Africa. Proceedings of a Regional Maize Workshop, IITA-Cotonou,Republic of Benin, 14–18 May 2001. WECAMAN/IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Page 2 and 3: iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
Page 4 and 5: iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
Page 6 and 7: vAssessment of Striga infestation i
Page 8 and 9: viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
Page 10 and 11: ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
Page 12 and 13: Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
Page 14 and 15: xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
Page 16 and 17: xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
Page 18 and 19: xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
Page 20 and 21: xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
Page 22: 1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
Page 25 and 26: 4skills of the scientists and impro
Page 27 and 28: 6collaborating scientists. This is
Page 29 and 30: 8fi ndings to their peers. They are
Page 31 and 32: 10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
Page 33 and 34: 12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
Page 35 and 36: 14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
Page 37 and 38: 16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
Page 39 and 40: 18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
Page 41 and 42: 20DiscussionResults of the analyses
Page 43: 22the Lead Country Concept was not
Page 47 and 48: 26et des lignées dotées de résis
Page 49 and 50: 28Overview of the strategy for deve
Page 51 and 52: 30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
Page 53 and 54: 32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
Page 55 and 56: 34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
Page 57 and 58: 36different germplasm and for placi
Page 59 and 60: 38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
Page 61 and 62: 40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
Page 63 and 64: 42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
Page 65 and 66: 44sur la performance de leurs hybri
Page 67 and 68: 46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
Page 69 and 70: 48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
Page 71 and 72: 50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
Page 73 and 74: 52employed to exploit non-additive
Page 75 and 76: 54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
Page 77 and 78: 56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
Page 79 and 80: 58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
Page 81 and 82: 60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
Page 83 and 84: 62ConclusionThe results of this stu
Page 85 and 86: 64Combining ability of diverse maiz
Page 87 and 88: 66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
Page 89 and 90: 68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
Page 91 and 92: 70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
Page 93 and 94: 72Table 5. Estimates of general com
Page 95 and 96:
74Table 7. Estimates of general com
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76yield under Striga infestation. T
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78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
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80Maize accounts for between 30 and
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82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
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84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
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86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
Page 111 and 112:
90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
Page 137 and 138:
116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
Page 141 and 142:
120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
Page 147 and 148:
126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
Page 189 and 190:
168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
Page 193 and 194:
172It is necessary to validate that
Page 195 and 196:
174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
Page 201 and 202:
180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
Page 203 and 204:
182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
Page 207 and 208:
186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
Page 219 and 220:
198Experimental layout, planting an
Page 221 and 222:
200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
Page 223 and 224:
202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
Page 229 and 230:
208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
Page 231 and 232:
210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
Page 235 and 236:
214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
Page 243 and 244:
222IITA (International Institute of
Page 245 and 246:
224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
Page 249 and 250:
228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
Page 251 and 252:
230L’espérance de la matrice de
Page 253 and 254:
232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
Page 265 and 266:
244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
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246Field surveysField surveys were
Page 269 and 270:
248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
Page 271 and 272:
250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
Page 273 and 274:
252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
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254Signifi cant correlations were f
Page 277 and 278:
256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
Page 279 and 280:
258faibles réactions qui indiquent
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260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
Page 283 and 284:
262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
Page 285 and 286:
264Table 5. Larval feeding response
Page 287 and 288:
266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
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268on moderately resistant and susc
Page 291 and 292:
270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
Page 293 and 294:
272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
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274the baseline for environmental m
Page 297 and 298:
276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
Page 299 and 300:
278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
Page 301 and 302:
280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
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282The use of spicy plant oils agai
Page 305 and 306:
284The objectives of the present st
Page 307 and 308:
286% mortality100908070605040302010
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288saturated atmosphere in the dark
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290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
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292intercropped with groundnut, and
Page 315 and 316:
294du Striga. Les observations ont
Page 317 and 318:
296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants
Page 319 and 320:
298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
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300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
Page 323 and 324:
302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
Page 325 and 326:
304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
Page 327 and 328:
306developed herbicide resistant li
Page 329 and 330:
308geo-referenced data from a farm-
Page 331 and 332:
310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
Page 333 and 334:
312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
Page 335 and 336:
314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
Page 337 and 338:
316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
Page 339 and 340:
318Table 1. Relative abundance and
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320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
Page 343 and 344:
322were the predominant predator sp
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324on insect infestation and the as
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326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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328
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330impliquées dans la production d
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332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
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334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
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336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
Page 359 and 360:
338farmers are given the appropriat
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340RésuméUne étude combinée de
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342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
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344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
Page 369 and 370:
348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
Page 389 and 390:
368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
Page 409 and 410:
388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
Page 419 and 420:
398The adjusted R-squared value and
Page 421 and 422:
400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
Page 431 and 432:
410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
Page 443 and 444:
422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
Page 449 and 450:
428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
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490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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