Demand-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Maize ... - IITA

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295RésultatsEvaluation des plants de StrigaLa culture pure de maïs sans fumure est la plus infestée (Tableau 1).Les résultats obtenus en 2003 confi rment le bon niveau des traitementsmaïs + légumineuses. La réduction du nombre de plants deStriga montre que ces traitements sont importants dans la lutte contrele parasite, car ils permettent de limiter l’expansion du Striga.Per<strong>for</strong>mances agronomiques des traitementsLes traitements sont signifi cativement différents par rapport aurendement grain du maïs (Tableau 2). Les résultats obtenus en 2003confi rment l’effet de la fumure minérale et de la matière organique surle rendement grain maïs. Le rendement du maïs non fumé cultivé surmaïs non fumé baisse progressivement alors que celui du maïs fumeou du maïs fumé associé aux légumineuses augmente. La différencede rendement observée entre le traitement sans fumure et le traitementavec fumure d’une part, et le traitement avec légumineuses d’autre part,est due à l’apport de la matière organique au sol qui a entraîné uneamélioration de la fertilité du sol par conséquent une augmentation durendement grain maïs (Tableau 2). Ces résultats sont similaires à ceuxobtenus par Gbèhounou et Toukourou, 1998.Les surplus en rendement grain maïs assurés par la fumureminérale appliquée seule, les deux légumineuses confondues etl’Aeschynomene par rapport à l’arachide sont respectivement de 990 ;1020 et 290 kg/ha (Tableau 3)Analyse par Budget partielLe tableau 4 présente le budget partiel des différents traitements. LeTableau 4 montre que les bénéfi ces nets croissent en fonction descoûts qui varient de la pratique paysanne (T0) à celle améliorée enassociation avec l’arachide (T2). Cette croissance est plus prononcéeau niveau de l’association Maïs-Arachide-Fumure minérale. Cesobservations traduisent le caractère positif de l’association de l’arachideau maïs comme source de fertilisation.Analyse de dominanceLe Tableau 5 présente le total des coûts variables qui diffèrent et lesbénéfi ces nets correspondant à chaque technologie. A ce niveau,l’analyse devant porter sur les différentes technologies, les coûts afférentsau semis, à l’utilisation de fumure (achat de fumure et épandage), ausarclage et à la récolte du produit issu de la production sont considéréscomme des coûts variables. Ils sont pour ce fait intégrés dans l’analysede dominance.
296Tableau 1. Incidence des plants de Striga (nombre) par plant de maïs dans 29 champs paysans en 2002-2003 au nord du Bénin.Traitement2002 20036 SAS 9 SAS 12 SAS 6 SAS 9 SAS 12 SASMaïs pur sans engrais 2,56 4,21 6,18 2,23 3,63 5,57Maïs pur avec engrais 1,95 3,26 6,02 1,20 1,86 2,88Maïs avec engrais + arachide 1,08 1,92 4,33 0,75 1,36 2,21Maïs avec engrais + Aeschynomene 0,96 1,83 2,88 0,58 1,23 1,92Ecart type moyen 0,146 0,204 0,218 0,146 0,204 0,218Variété de maïs utilisée = EV DT 97 STR C 1
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iDemand-Driven Technologies forSust
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iiiContentsPrefacePréfaceForewordA
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vAssessment of Striga infestation i
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viiPrefaceThe West and Central Afri
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ixendosperm maize varieties, 95 TZE
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Les agriculteurs de la savane guin
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xiiiForewordMaize (Zea mays L) is o
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xvAvant proposLe maïs (Zea mays L)
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xviiFifth Biennial West and Central
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xixNigeria26 Abdullahi, Y.M. NAERLS
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1Section1Breeding, SeedSystems and
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4skills of the scientists and impro
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6collaborating scientists. This is
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8fi ndings to their peers. They are
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10Figure 3. Funds received by indiv
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12Percentage PercentageYearFigure 5
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14Figure 9. Coefficient of variatio
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16Figure 15. Total maize grain prod
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18Table 2. Capacity Building of NAR
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20DiscussionResults of the analyses
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22the Lead Country Concept was not
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24Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede,
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26et des lignées dotées de résis
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28Overview of the strategy for deve
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30Table 1. Characteristics of extra
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32Table 2. Performance of extra-ear
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34Table 3. cont’dInbredlineParent
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36different germplasm and for placi
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38Figure 1. Clustering of 35 extra-
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40Table 4. Number of inbred lines i
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42M’Boob, S.S., 1986. A regional
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44sur la performance de leurs hybri
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46Table 1. Mean grain yield (Mg ha
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48Table 2. Means for grain yield an
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50Table 4. Estimates of GCA effects
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52employed to exploit non-additive
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54deux traitements de sol (O, T). L
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56Table 1. Characteristic of 15 par
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58Table 4. Diallel analysis of vari
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60Table 6. Number of adapted x adap
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62ConclusionThe results of this stu
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64Combining ability of diverse maiz
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66S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. Y
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68Table 2.Mean squares of grain yie
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70Table 4. Mean squares of grain yi
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72Table 5. Estimates of general com
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74Table 7. Estimates of general com
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76yield under Striga infestation. T
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78Kim, S.K., V.O. Adetimirin and A.
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80Maize accounts for between 30 and
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82VII, XI and V that had grain yiel
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84Table 3. Inter- and intra-cluster
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86interest, including early, medium
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88IntroductionThe multi-environment
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90Table 1: Sums of squares (SS) exp
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922Table 3: Average proportion of t
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94genotypes within the target sets.
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96residual interaction matrix has b
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98Effects of farmers’ seed source
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100known. The objective of this stu
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102AFigure 1. (A) Percentage seeds
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104zFigure 5. Mean days to 50% silk
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106ReferenceAsiedu, E.A., Twumasi-A
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108Mexique et les USA. Dans les ann
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110In collaboration with the Intern
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112to farmers. Recommendations had
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114maize, the highest grain yield a
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116Figure 1. Trend of land area cul
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118ConclusionIn conclusion, the Ins
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120Valencia, J.A. and S.A. Breth. u
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122
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124chimique. L’effet relatif de l
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126Figure 1: Rainfall pattern in Sa
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128Percentage PercentageFigure 2: M
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130Table 2. Effect of organic mater
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132Yield increase and relative yiel
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134Table 5. Relative grain and stov
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136Dudal, R., 2002. Forty years of
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138Residual benefits of soybean gen
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140The cultivation of leguminous cr
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142(IITA), natural fallow and a lat
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144on exchangeable Ca, exchangeable
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146Table 4. Rotation† and fertili
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152in the top 0-15 cm layer and als
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154inoculation and nitrogen fertili
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156RésuméLes besoins du maïs en
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158Table 1. Monthly distribution an
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160was applied about 5 cm deep, mad
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162Table 3. Effects of legumes and
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164Figure 3: Grain yield of maize a
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166ConclusionFrom the results of th
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168Tarawali, G., 1991. The residual
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170la variété de maïs tolérant
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172It is necessary to validate that
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174Table 2. Effects of previous cro
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176of cowpea, than in the farmers
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178AcknowledgementsThe authors than
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180Potential of drought-tolerant ma
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182potential in comparison to the t
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184ha -1 . Fields were planted on J
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186Table 3. Means for days to silki
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188DiscussionThe observed effects o
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190the yield potential of the genot
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192Edmeades, G.O., J. Bolanos, M. H
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194Genotypic variation of soybean f
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1962002). Therefore, high BNF in so
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198Experimental layout, planting an
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200At 8 WAP, fi ve plants were rand
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202Figure 1. Relationships between
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204signifi cant correlation (P ≤
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206Table 4. Total N accumulation (k
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208Table 5. Total P in grain (kg ha
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210Table 6. Grain yield (kg ha -1 )
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212colonization in previous RP plot
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214(Table 8). However, within speci
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216maize-after-soybean plots over t
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218The observed trends in grain yie
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220in soybean than in maize grain d
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222IITA (International Institute of
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224Snedecor G.W., Cochran G. (1980)
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226irrigated conditions in the Sahe
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228Figure 1: Variation des tempéra
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230L’espérance de la matrice de
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232Tableau 3. Moyennes des caractè
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234Tableau 6. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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236Tableau 8. Table d’ANOVA du mo
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238seconde stratégie répond bien
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240
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242
Page 265 and 266: 244RésuméDes enquêtes sur les ma
Page 267 and 268: 246Field surveysField surveys were
Page 269 and 270: 248Table 1.PathogensMean incidence
Page 271 and 272: 250Table 3. Correlation matrix betw
Page 273 and 274: 252Table 8. Correlation matrix betw
Page 275 and 276: 254Signifi cant correlations were f
Page 277 and 278: 256NCRE, 1994. Annual Report Camero
Page 279 and 280: 258faibles réactions qui indiquent
Page 281 and 282: 260(b) A no-choice situation. In th
Page 283 and 284: 262Table 2. Ovipositional responses
Page 285 and 286: 264Table 5. Larval feeding response
Page 287 and 288: 266Figure 1. Profiles of colonizing
Page 289 and 290: 268on moderately resistant and susc
Page 291 and 292: 270CCE, (Commission des Communauté
Page 293 and 294: 272RésuméLe Striga est une contra
Page 295 and 296: 274the baseline for environmental m
Page 297 and 298: 276Table 1. Percentage of crop and
Page 299 and 300: 278(Emechebe et al. 1991) may have
Page 301 and 302: 280ReferencesAnonymous, 1996. Stati
Page 303 and 304: 282The use of spicy plant oils agai
Page 305 and 306: 284The objectives of the present st
Page 307 and 308: 286% mortality100908070605040302010
Page 309 and 310: 288saturated atmosphere in the dark
Page 311 and 312: 290(Gyllenhal) in stored chick-peas
Page 313 and 314: 292intercropped with groundnut, and
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Page 319 and 320: 298Tableau 4. Contd.LibellésUnité
Page 321 and 322: 300soudure. Le traitement maïs ass
Page 323 and 324: 302Herbicide resistant maize: a nov
Page 325 and 326: 304Figure 1. Striga-prone areas in
Page 327 and 328: 306developed herbicide resistant li
Page 329 and 330: 308geo-referenced data from a farm-
Page 331 and 332: 310Table 2: Grain yield and Striga
Page 333 and 334: 312AcknowledgementsThis research wa
Page 335 and 336: 314Effects of maize-cowpea intercro
Page 337 and 338: 316In Cameroon, maize is commonly i
Page 339 and 340: 318Table 1. Relative abundance and
Page 341 and 342: 320Table 4. Maize stem borers’ st
Page 343 and 344: 322were the predominant predator sp
Page 345 and 346: 324on insect infestation and the as
Page 347 and 348: 326Kareiva, P.M., 1983. Finding and
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Page 351 and 352: 330impliquées dans la production d
Page 353 and 354: 332Table 1: Scores assigned for fac
Page 355 and 356: 334Table 2. Characteristics of wome
Page 357 and 358: 336Table 5. Spearman rank correlati
Page 359 and 360: 338farmers are given the appropriat
Page 361 and 362: 340RésuméUne étude combinée de
Page 363 and 364: 342ZamfaraStateKatsinaStateFigure 1
Page 365 and 366: 344Table 1. Relative radii of the f
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346Table 4. Number of crops grown i
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348Figure 3: Concentric circles ref
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350No. Maize farmersFigure 4: Facto
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352Table 8. Trend of farmers rating
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354Gyasi, K.O, L.N. Abateisina, T.
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356Bénin. Seed quality was determi
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358Tableau 1. Moyenne des différen
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36070000Nombre de plants à I’hec
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362ISTA (International Seed Testing
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364Togolese Institute of Agricultur
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366variété améliorée et un tém
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368Tableau 2. Cycle des différente
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370Tableau 6. Rendement des variét
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372Tableau 7. Evolution des rendeme
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374300000250000Maïs Mais purMaïs/
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376- Au niveau des tests associatio
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378à base de maïs dans le Nord de
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380Two States (Kaduna and Katsina),
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382Table 1. Percentage of farm hous
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384Table 3. Socio-economic factors
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386AcknowledgementThe authors are g
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388Unexploited yield and profitabil
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390and input combinations. A number
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392The production function in equat
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394host of socio-economic and insti
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396Table 3. Frequency distribution
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398The adjusted R-squared value and
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400Assefa, A., 1995. Analysis of pr
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402Socio-economics of community-bas
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404seed at affordable price to farm
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406Table 1. Socio-economic profiles
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408Table 3. Average labor costs and
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410ReferencesAhmed, B., 1994. Econo
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412communautaire de semences de ma
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414producing QPM seed at the commun
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416Table 1. Cost elements (N/ha) in
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418Table 3. Gross income (N/ha) fro
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420Conclusion and RecommendationsTh
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422Effets de la rotation et de l’
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424Tableau 1. Caractéristiques phy
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426Tableau 3. Composition chimique
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428Figure 1. Evolution des rendemen
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430Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )Maïs-gra
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432Tableau 9. Successions culturale
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434Maïs-grain (kg.ha -1 )350030002
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436
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438
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440ont été analysés pour leur co
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442A=(M’-M) x 100/M + A o(1)where
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444Table 1. Physicochemical composi
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446Table 2. Steeping time and varie
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448germination. In general, the pea
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450after cooking of maize malted fl
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452Marero, L. M., E.M. Payuma, A.R.
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454Effects of wheat flour replaceme
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456considerably and this is attribu
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458resulting products (fl ours, dou
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460Table 1. Physico-chemical proper
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462CMS 8806 CMS 8704CMS 9015 CMS 85
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46439.8We ight(g)39.639.439.2390%10
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466He, H. and R.C. Hoseney, 1991. D
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468Adaptation et utilisation de var
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470Figure 1. Distribution mensuelle
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472chaque semaine. L’essai a dur
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474Resultats et DiscussionsTests ag
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476Tableau 2. Proportions des ingr
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478Tableau 5. Composition de l’al
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480Tableau 7. Coûts financiers de
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482des demandeurs à payer et est d
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484ConclusionNotre étude montre qu
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486
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488
Page 511 and 512:
490Breeding, Seed Production and St
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4921. Propose approaches/innovation
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494identifi cation, planning and im
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496
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