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RESEARCH ARTICLETable 2 shows that livestock rearing was themajor occupation for 72 percent of the SHGmembers, 15 percent were labourers, 10 percentagriculturists, and 3 percent were doing business.While studying the SHGs in the country, Anon(2006) reported that 38 percent of SHG membersworked as casual labourers, 29 percent worked inown agriculture, and 17 percent were engaged in anon-farm enterprise. For 62 percent of the members,income from livestock was less than Rs.5000 perannum and 37 percent had Rs.5000-10000. Onepercent of the SHG members claimed to earn morethan Rs.10000 annually from livestock. Cent percent of the respondents were having less than onehectare of land. As per the SGSY guidelines, smalland marginal farmers are the target groups in thescheme. It is shown that 44 percent of therespondents were rearing less than four animals, 30percent reared 4-8 numbers, and 26 percent rearedabove 8 animals. Less availability of land may be thereason for small holding units. But now a days thereis a new trend that even though small holdings arereducing, there are many new entrepreneurs comingto the sector to start commercial farms.Table 3 Distribution of SHG members based on socio-psychological characters N=100Sl.No Characteristic Category Percentage1 Economic motivation Low 10Medium 71High 192 Social participation Low 10Medium 68High 223 Achievement motivation Low 15Medium 65High 204 Cosmopoliteness Low 21Medium 57High 225 Risk orientation Low 37Medium 43High 20It is seen in the table 3, that 71 percent of theSHG members were in the medium category foreconomic motivation, 19 percent were in the highcategory and only 10 percent were in the lowcategory. For social participation, 68 percent of SHGmembers were in the medium, 22 percent in high and10 percent in low categories. Similarly forachievement motivation, 65 percent of the memberswere in medium 20 percent in high and 15 percent inthe low categories. This finding is in closeconformity with that of Devalatha (2005) andArunkumar (2005). For cosmopoliteness, 57 percentof the members were in medium, 22 percent in highand 21 percent in low categories. Finally for riskorientation, 43 percent in medium 37 percent in lowand 20 percent in high category. The pattern is almostsimilar in the case of the first four sociopsychologicalcharacters. Above half of the SHGmembers were in the medium category. This findingwas in close agreement with those of SreedayaJIVA Vol. 10 Issue 1 April 201241
RESEARCH ARTICLE(2000) and Fayas (2003). More than three-forth ofthe members were in the medium and high categoriestaken together. But in the case of risk orientation,only less than half of them were in the mediumcategory. Surprisingly, 80 percent of the SHG were inthe low and medium categories taken together. Thisshows that risk taking behaviour of innovators are notshown by SHG members of these blocks. Onlyrecognized profitable businesses are taken by them.REFERENCESAnon 2006 Self Help Groups in India-A study of thelights and shades. Executive summary of EDARural systems Pvt.Ltd in association withAPMAS for CRS, USAID, CARE,GTZ/NABARD 20pAnon 2009 Evaluation Report on SwarnajayanthiGram Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY), Jammu &Kashmir, Planning Commission, Governmentof India, 68p.Arunkumar D 2005 A critical analysis of Swa-Shaktiprogramme in Karnataka, M.Sc (Agri) Thesis,University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad,112pDevalatha, C.M 2005 Profile study of women selfhelp groups in Gadag District of NorthernKarnataka, M.Sc (Agri) thesis ,University ofAgricultural Sciences, Dharwad 74pFayas, A.M 2003 Viability of Self-Help groups invegetable and fruit promotion council KeralaAn multidirectional analysis. MSc (Agri)Thesis, Kerala Agricultural University,Thrissur 126pSreedaya,G.S. 2000 Performance analysis of theSelf-Help groups in vegetable production inThiruvananthapuram District. MSc (Agri)Thesis, Kerala Agricultural University,Thrissur 154pSwarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana Guidelines,retrieved from http:// megcnrd.gov.in/forms/SGSY.pdf on 10/03/2012J. Ind. Vet. Assoc., Kerala. 10 (1)REMEMBRANCE DAY OBITUARYDr. K. S. Jayaram, Retired Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry Department,Kerala passed away on 06/01/2012 at Ambalavayal , Wayanad. He belongs to 1972batch of Veterinary College, Mannuthy. He was the member of First GeneralCouncil of Kerala Agricultural University. He held different positions in AnimalHusbandry Department , Kerala and Retired from Service as Chief VeterinaryOfficer , District Veterinary Centre , Kalpetta. He was an active member of IVAand held various positions in the association including that of state vice president.He was also the district president of KGOA Wayanad during 1983-84. He issurvived by his wife Dr.Radhamma Pilla (Professor and Head, KVKAmbalavayal), two daughters and one son. May his soul rest in peace.Dr. P.V. Pradeepan, remembrance day was arranged at Valancheri MES collegeauditorium on 19/01/2012 at 3pm.Dr Ajayakumar P N President IVA Malappuramdistrict welcomed the gathering. Dr K R Arunkumar IVA State President presidedover the function. Dr K Udayavarman, Director Zoo and Museum inaugurated thefunction. IVA State President in his presidential address mentioned about theformation of Pradeepan Memorial Trust to offer a helping hand for the beststudents of Irumblium Govt. High School, where Dr Pradeepan had studied. DrHaroon Abdul Rasheed, Dr Abdul Asees, Dr Pradeepan’s friends Mr Madhu, Abdusalam and Radhakrishnan shared their memories about Dr Pradeepan.42
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Page 11 and 12: RESEARCH ARTICLEcontaining phytase
Page 19 and 20: RESEARCH ARTICLEMETHODOLOGYAnnual d
Page 21 and 22: Fig 3. Growth rates of milk product
Page 23 and 24: RESEARCH ARTICLEThe high correlatio
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Page 35 and 36: RESEARCH ARTICLE4. Balanced ration
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Page 49 and 50: CLINICAL REPORTSURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Page 51 and 52: CLINICAL REPORTSurgical TechniqueIn
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