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RESEARCH ARTICLECONCLUSIONHere an attempt is made to show therelationship between various factors that affectingdirectly and indirectly in determining the milk pricefor the last few years and also to estimate a regressionequation by considering various other factors thatinfluence the price of milk. The need for a morescientific way for fixation of price so that bothconsumer and farmer are protected by considering allthe factors affecting milk price is explained.REFERENCE[Anonymous].1999. Brochure on new series onnational accounts statistics (base year 1993-94). Central Statistical Organization.[Anonymous].2008. Eleventh Five Year Plan(20072012). Planning Commission,Government of IndiaBox, G.E.P. and Jenkins,G.M. 1970., Time SeriesAnalysis: Forecasting and Control,SanFrancisco: Holden-Day.thGujarati,D.N. 2009. Basic econometrics, 5 ed.,Boston, McGrawHill, 922p.Mandal,B.N.2004. Forecasting SugarcaneProduction In India With ARIMA Model(online), New Delhi [19-02-09].Unnikrishnan,T. and Ajitha,T.K. 2010. Applicationof ARIMA models and Co-integrationTechniques in Kerala Agriculture,Proceedings of the International Seminar onApplied Statistics, Maharajas College,Ernakulam.JIVA Vol. 10 Issue 1 April 201223
RESEARCH ARTICLECLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PROSTATICDISEASES IN DOGSKiren Menon, Krishnaswamy A and Honnappa T.G.Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and ObstetricsVeterinary College, Hebbal, BangaloreABSTRACTA study was conducted to note the major clinical signs of prostatic diseases in dogs. The major signsexhibited were constipation (66.7 per cent) followed by inappetence (53.3 per cent). Other signs includedhemorrhagic prepucial discharge and dysuria (46.7 per cent each), abnormal gait (40 per cent), vomiting andcachexia (33.3 per cent each). Hematuria, pyuria and purulent prepucial discharge were also noted in someanimals. Pyrexia and dehydration was seen in 33.3 per cent of the animals followed by 26.7 per cent of theanimals with a poor body condition. Caudal abdominal pain was very infrequent.J. Ind. Vet. Assoc., Kerala. 10 (1)INTRODUCTIONThe common clinical signs of prostaticdisease in dogs include constipation as evidencedby tenesmus, ribbon like feaces, dysuria, prepucialdischarge and abnormal gait (Kutzler and Yeager,2005). However, these clinical signs are oftenmisinterpreted and the disease is frequentlyoverlooked. If the condition remains untreated, itmay result in renal failure or toxemia. Therefore, itbecomes mandatory to rule out the existence ofprostatic diseases in all aged male dogs by aVeterinary Physician, particularly, when they arepresented with one or the other clinical signscommonly associated with prostatic disease.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe data pertaining to the presentinvestigation were generated following screeningof all the male dogs aged over five years which werepresented to the Out Patient Department of ClinicalMedicine, Veterinary College Hospital, Hebbal,stBangalore during the period between November 1th2007 and April 30 2008. Details about the signsexhibited were derived by both enquiries to theowners and general clinical examination of thepatient. The disease was confirmed in dogs by acombination of diagnostic techniques like rectalpalpation, ultrasonography and prostatic fluidexamination.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONConstipation was the most commonpresenting sign seen in 66.7 per cent of the dogssuffering from the disease followed by inappetencein 53.3 per cent, hemorrhagic prepucial dischargeand dysuria in 46.7 per cent dogs each. Abnormalgait were noted in 40 per cent of the cases and signslike vomiting, and poor body condition were eachseen in 33.33 per cent of the affected animals.Hematuria was seen in 20 per cent of the cases andpyuria and presence of purulent urethral dischargewas each noted in 6.7 per cent of the cases (Table 1).Physical examination of dogs sufferingfrom prostatic disease revealed presence of pyrexiaand dehydration in 33.3 per cent of the affectedanimals and poor body condition in 26.7 per centanimals. Pain upon palpation of the caudal abdomenwas noted in 6.7 per cent of the diseased animals(Table 2).24
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Table 2. Drugs having EPI activityE
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ASSOCIATION NEWSVETERINARIANS ANNUA
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INSTALLATION OF IVASTATE OFFICE BEA
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ASSOCIATION NEWSSIGN POST & ACHIEVE
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