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Introduction1.8 Product revisionsThis manual is for revision r2p2 of the Cortex-A8 processor. See Product revision statuson page xxviii for details of revision numbering. This section summarizes thedifferences in functionality between the releases of this processor.NoteThe first released version of the Cortex-A8 processor was r1p0.r1p0 - r1p1 The following changes have been made in this release:• Maintenance upgrade to fix errata.• ID Register values changed to reflect r1p1 revision.• The L2EN bit of the Auxiliary Control Register is banked betweenNonsecure and Secure states.• SAFESHIFTRAM top-level pin added for ATPG test.• ETM and NEON configurability support added.r1p1 - r2p0 The following changes have been made in this release:• Maintenance upgrade to fix errata.• ID Register values changed to reflect r2p0 revision.• CLKSTOPREQ and CLKSTOPACK functionality added to stopand restart the processor clocks without relying on software toexecute WFI instruction.• The SAFESHIFTRAM signal is replaced with theSAFESHIFTRAMIF, SAFESHIFTRAMLS, andSAFESHIFTRAML2 signals for ATPG test.• Intelligent Energy Management (IEM) multiple power domainsupport added.• 1-way and 4-way L2 tag bank removed.• 64KB and 2MB L2 cache sizes removed.• ETMPWRDWNREQ and ETMPWRDWNACK are no longerrequired because debug and the ETM use the same power domain.ETMPWRDWNREQ must be tied to 0. See Static or leakagepower management on page 10-14 for information on thesupported Cortex-A8 power domain configurations.1-12 Copyright © 2006-2008 ARM Limited. All rights reserved. ARM DDI 0344E
Introductionr2p0 - r2p1 The following changes have been made in this release:• Maintenance upgrade to fix errata.• ID Register values changed to reflect r2p1 revision.r2p1 - r2p2 The following changes have been made in this release:• Maintenance upgrade to fix errata.• ID Register values changed to reflect r2p2 revision.ARM DDI 0344E Copyright © 2006-2008 ARM Limited. All rights reserved. 1-13
Page 1 and 2: Cortex -A8Revision: r2p2Technical R
Page 3 and 4: Product StatusThe information in th
Page 5 and 6: ContentsCortex-A8 Technical Referen
Page 7 and 8: Contents7.8 Parity detection ......
Page 9 and 10: ContentsA.2 ATB interface .........
Page 11 and 12: List of TablesCortex-A8 Technical R
Page 14 and 15: List of TablesTable 3-103 Results o
Page 16 and 17: List of TablesTable 12-1 Access to
Page 18 and 19: List of TablesTable 15-3 CTI regist
Page 20 and 21: List of Tablesxx Copyright © 2006-
Page 22 and 23: List of FiguresFigure 3-10 Memory M
Page 24 and 25: List of FiguresFigure 10-13 Retenti
Page 26 and 27: List of FiguresFigure 15-16 CTI Cha
Page 28 and 29: PrefaceAbout this manualThis is the
Page 30 and 31: PrefaceChapter 16 Instruction Cycle
Page 32 and 33: PrefacePrefix CPrefix HPrefix nPref
Page 34 and 35: PrefaceFeedbackARM welcomes feedbac
Page 36 and 37: Introduction1.1 About the processor
Page 38 and 39: Introduction1.3 Components of the p
Page 40 and 41: Introduction1.3.4 Load/storeThe loa
Page 42 and 43: Introduction1.4 External interfaces
Page 44 and 45: Introduction1.6 Power managementThe
Page 48 and 49: Introduction1-14 Copyright © 2006-
Page 50 and 51: Programmer’s Model• Hardware co
Page 52 and 53: Programmer’s Model2.2 Thumb-2 ins
Page 54 and 55: Programmer’s Model2.3 ThumbEE ins
Page 56 and 57: Programmer’s ModelThumbEE Handler
Page 58 and 59: Programmer’s Model2.4 Jazelle Ext
Page 60 and 61: Programmer’s Model— the registe
Page 62 and 63: Programmer’s ModelNonsecureSecure
Page 64 and 65: Programmer’s Model2.7 VFPv3 archi
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Page 68 and 69: Programmer’s ModelBitHigher addre
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Page 74 and 75: Programmer’s Model16 generalpurpo
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Page 78 and 79: Programmer’s Model2.14.5 The GE[3
Page 80 and 81: Programmer’s ModelT bitThe T bit
Page 82 and 83: Programmer’s ModelOnly secure pri
Page 84 and 85: Programmer’s Model2.15.2 Leaving
Page 86 and 87: Programmer’s ModelAn internal or
Page 88 and 89: Programmer’s ModelImprecise data
Page 90 and 91: Programmer’s ModelNoteIf the Embe
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Page 94 and 95: Programmer’s Model2.17.2 Security
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Programmer’s Model2.18 Control co
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System Control Coprocessor3.1 About
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System Control CoprocessorTable 3-1
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System Control CoprocessorSecurity
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System Control Coprocessor3.1.6 Sys
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System Control CoprocessorThe TCM T
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System Control CoprocessorFigure 3-
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System Control Coprocessor31 28 27
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System Control Coprocessor3.2.20 c0
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System Control Coprocessora. An ent
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System Control CoprocessorThe Auxil
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System Control CoprocessorBits Fiel
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System Control Coprocessora. n is t
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System Control CoprocessorMRC p15,
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System Control CoprocessorVA to PA
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System Control CoprocessorInvalidat
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System Control CoprocessorThe PMNC
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System Control CoprocessorCWhen wri
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System Control Coprocessorb. The EN
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System Control CoprocessorCWhen rea
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System Control Coprocessor• acces
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System Control CoprocessorYou can c
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System Control CoprocessorIf the op
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System Control CoprocessorTo access
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System Control Coprocessora. An ent
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System Control CoprocessorTo access
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System Control CoprocessorThe PLE I
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System Control CoprocessorTo perfor
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System Control CoprocessorLDR R1, =
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System Control CoprocessorLDR R1, =
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System Control CoprocessorL1 Data 0
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System Control CoprocessorInstructi
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System Control CoprocessorParity/EC
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System Control CoprocessorL2 parity
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System Control CoprocessorThe L2 da
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Chapter 4Unaligned Data and Mixed-e
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Unaligned Data and Mixed-endian Dat
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Unaligned Data and Mixed-endian Dat
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Chapter 5Program Flow PredictionThi
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Program Flow Prediction5.2 Predicte
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Program Flow Prediction5.2.1 Return
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Program Flow Prediction5.4 Guidelin
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Program Flow Prediction5.6 Operatin
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Chapter 6Memory Management UnitThis
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Memory Management Unit6.2 Memory ac
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Memory Management Unit6.4 MMU inter
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Memory Management Unit6.6 TLB lockd
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Chapter 7Level 1 Memory SystemThis
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Level 1 Memory System7.2 Cache orga
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Level 1 Memory System7.3 Memory att
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Level 1 Memory SystemTable 7-1 Memo
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Level 1 Memory System7.5 Data cache
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Level 1 Memory SystemAn exception t
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Level 1 Memory System7.8 Parity det
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Chapter 8Level 2 Memory SystemThis
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Level 2 Memory System8.2 Cache orga
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Level 2 Memory System8.3 Enabling a
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Level 2 Memory SystemControl Regist
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Level 2 Memory System8.4.4 Memory r
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Level 2 Memory System8.5 Synchroniz
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Level 2 Memory System8.6 Locked acc
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Chapter 9External Memory InterfaceT
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External Memory Interfaceto the wri
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External Memory InterfaceTable 9-2
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External Memory Interface9.3 AXI in
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External Memory InterfaceBWBCNoTTSS
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Chapter 10Clock, Reset, and Power C
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Clock, Reset, and Power Controlfami
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Clock, Reset, and Power Control10.2
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Clock, Reset, and Power Control•
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Clock, Reset, and Power Control2. F
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Clock, Reset, and Power ControlNote
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Clock, Reset, and Power ControlAfte
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Clock, Reset, and Power Control•
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Clock, Reset, and Power Control—
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Clock, Reset, and Power ControlThe
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Clock, Reset, and Power ControlPowe
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Clock, Reset, and Power ControlTo p
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Clock, Reset, and Power ControlPowe
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Clock, Reset, and Power ControlATBI
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Clock, Reset, and Power Control7. P
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Chapter 11Design for TestThis chapt
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Design for Test11.1.2 MBIST registe
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Design for Testdseed[3:0]Write the
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Design for TestNoteOnly arrays with
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Design for Test• read and write l
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Design for TestTable 11-10 Selectin
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Design for TestTable 11-15 shows ho
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Design for TestArrayFail[22:0] fail
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Design for TestWhen testing the tag
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Design for Test• Bitmap test mode
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Design for TestCLKARESETnMBISTMODEM
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Design for TestCLKARESETnMBISTMODEM
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Design for TestTable 11-19 shows th
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Design for TestNoteNormal MBIST tes
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Design for TestRowmaxmax - 11 1 1 1
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Design for Test2. R, W_, R_, incr.3
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Design for TestRow3210Addressingdir
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Design for TestRow32100 00 00 00 00
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Design for Test11.2 ATPG test featu
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Design for TestWBR in place of the
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Design for TestOne methodology for
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Chapter 12DebugThis chapter describ
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Debug12.1.3 Debug targetThe debug t
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DebugWhen execution of a monitor ta
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Debug12.3 Debug register interfaceY
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DebugTable 12-3 Debug memory-mapped
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Debug12.3.6 Power domains and debug
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DebugLocks permissionYou can lock t
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DebugTable 12-6 shows the behavior
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Debug12.4 Debug register descriptio
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DebugTable 12-11 shows how the bit
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DebugThe Debug Self Address Offset
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DebugBits Field FunctionTable 12-14
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DebugBits Field Function[9] - Reser
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DebugThe DTR access mode can be one
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DebugBitsFieldFunctionTable 12-16 s
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DebugTable 12-17 Vector Catch Regis
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Debug31 3 2 1 0ReservedNot write-th
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DebugTable 12-23 Breakpoint Control
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Debug12.4.16 Watchpoint Control Reg
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DebugTable 12-26 Watchpoint Control
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DebugNoteOn system reset, PRSR[1] r
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DebugTable 12-32 Management registe
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DebugFigure 12-19 shows the bit arr
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Debug12.5.5 Integration Mode Contro
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Debug12.5.8 Lock Access RegisterThe
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Debug31 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0ReservedSe
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DebugTable 12-44 Peripheral Identif
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DebugTable 12-50 shows how the bit
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Debug12.6.2 Halting debug event•
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Debug12.6.5 Watchpoint debug events
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DebugNoteThe Data Abort handler che
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DebugIf the debugged code is not ru
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DebugTable 12-54 shows the read PC
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Debug12.8.4 Writing to the CPSR in
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DebugCoprocessor instructionsThe ru
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DebugSVCSMCUndefinedThe processor i
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Debug12.9 Cache debugThere are seve
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Debug12.10 External debug interface
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DebugDBGROMADDRThe DBGROMADDR signa
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Debug4. Issue an Instruction Synchr
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Debug12.11.1 Debug communications c
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DebugDebugger access to the DCCA de
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DebugTable 12-58 Values to write to
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Debug}when 1:byte_address_select :=
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DebugNoteIn Example 12-10 on page 1
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Debug12.11.5 Debug state exitWhen e
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DebugExample 12-15 Reading the PCRe
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DebugExample 12-19 Checking for an
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DebugExample 12-22 shows the sequen
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Debug}dscr := ReadDebugRegister(34)
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Debug}scr := (scr | 1);WriteCPReg(1
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DebugIf on a power-down request fro
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Debug; Step 2. Loop writing words f
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Chapter 13NEON and VFP Programmer
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NEON and VFP Programmer’s Modelre
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NEON and VFP Programmer’s ModelS0
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NEON and VFP Programmer’s ModelBa
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NEON and VFP Programmer’s ModelFC
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NEON and VFP Programmer’s ModelTa
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NEON and VFP Programmer’s Model31
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NEON and VFP Programmer’s ModelCo
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Chapter 14Embedded Trace MacrocellT
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Embedded Trace Macrocell14.1.2 The
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Embedded Trace Macrocell(DAP) throu
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Embedded Trace MacrocellTable 14-1
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Embedded Trace MacrocellRegister na
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Embedded Trace MacrocellSee the ETM
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Embedded Trace Macrocell14.5 Precis
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Embedded Trace MacrocellThe followi
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Embedded Trace Macrocellcomparator
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Embedded Trace Macrocell14.8 Instru
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Embedded Trace MacrocellWhen a WFI
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Embedded Trace MacrocellYou can use
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Chapter 15Cross Trigger InterfaceTh
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Cross Trigger Interface• An input
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Cross Trigger Interface15.1.2 The c
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Cross Trigger InterfaceTable 15-2 T
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Cross Trigger Interface15.4 About t
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Cross Trigger InterfaceTable 15-3 C
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Cross Trigger Interface15.6 CTI reg
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Cross Trigger InterfaceNoteThe CTII
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Cross Trigger InterfaceBits Field F
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Cross Trigger Interface15.6.9 CTI T
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Cross Trigger InterfaceTable 15-14
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Cross Trigger Interface15.7.4 ITTRI
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Cross Trigger Interface15.8.3 Devic
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Cross Trigger InterfaceActual Compo
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Chapter 16Instruction Cycle TimingT
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Instruction Cycle Timing16.2 Instru
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Instruction Cycle Timingis availabl
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Instruction Cycle TimingTable 16-4
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Instruction Cycle Timing16.2.7 Stat
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Instruction Cycle TimingThe number
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Instruction Cycle Timing16.3 Dual-i
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Instruction Cycle TimingReplayevent
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Instruction Cycle TimingPredicting
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Instruction Cycle TimingUsing MCR i
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Instruction Cycle TimingExample 16-
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Instruction Cycle Timing16.6.3 Adva
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Instruction Cycle Timing16.6.5 Adva
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Instruction Cycle TimingFor example
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Instruction Cycle Timing16.7 VFP in
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Instruction Cycle Timing16.7.2 VFP
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Chapter 17AC CharacteristicsThis ch
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AC CharacteristicsThe timing parame
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AC CharacteristicsTable 17-2 Timing
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AC Characteristics17.4 APB interfac
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AC Characteristics17.5 L1 and L2 MB
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AC Characteristics17.7 DFT interfac
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AC Characteristicsb. Figure 10-6 on
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Appendix ASignal DescriptionsThis a
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Signal DescriptionsA.2 ATB interfac
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Signal DescriptionsTable A-3 MBIST
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Signal DescriptionsA.4 Preload engi
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Signal DescriptionsTable A-6 APB in
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Signal DescriptionsTable A-7 Miscel
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Signal DescriptionsA.8 Miscellaneou
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Appendix BInstruction MnemonicsThis
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Instruction MnemonicsTable B-1 Adva
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Instruction MnemonicsB.2 VFP data-p
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GlossaryThis glossary describes som
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GlossaryApplication Specific Integr
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GlossaryRead ID capabilityThe maxim
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GlossaryByte-invariantIn a byte-inv
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GlossaryCAM includes comparison log
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GlossaryDouble-precision valueConsi
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Glossary• arithmetic operation re
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GlossaryInvalidateJazelle architect
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GlossaryPAPenaltyPower-on resetPref
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GlossarySetSet-associative cacheSee
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GlossaryTrapTrigger instructionAn e
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GlossaryWrite-back (WB)Write buffer
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