2 Volumes Final Proceedings - Washington 1984.pdf - IARC Research

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PERMAFROSTFourth International ConferenceFINAL PROCEEDINGSIJuly 17-22, 1983Organized byUniversity of Alaska andNational Academy of SciencesNATIONAL ACADEMY PRESSWashington, D.C. 1984Organizing CommitteeT.L. PdwdG.E. WellerA.J. AlterJ. BartonJ. BrownO.J. Ferrians, Jr,H.O. JahnsJ.R. KielyA.H. LachenbruchR.D. MillerR.D. RegerA.L. WashburnJ . H . ZurnbergeL. DeGoes
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20418The National Research Council was established by the National Academyof Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science andtechnology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and ofadvising the federal government. The Council operates in accordancewith general policies determined by the Academy under the authority ofits congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as aprivate, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Councilhas become the principal operating agency of both the National Academyof Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct oftheir services to the government, the public, and the scientific andengineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academiesand the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering andthe Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively,under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences.Library of Congress Catalog Card Nmber 85-60050International Standard Book Number 0-309-03533-3Permafrost: Fourth International Conference, Final Proceedings&..,+v I, **-Printed in the UnizSiatc'lf. .. .. . . Sciences to publish thd reports issued by thk Academy &wNational Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and theNational Research Council, all operating under the charter granted tothe National Academy of Sciences by the Congress of the United States.. $Wlfi
Page 4 and 5: PrefacePerennially frozen ground, o
Page 6 and 7: course of the pre- and post-confere
Page 8 and 9: U.S. Organizing CommitteeTroy L. Pe
Page 10 and 11: Subsea Permafrost 73IntroductionHop
Page 12 and 13: xiContributed Soviet 195 PapersThe
Page 14: xiiiCLOSING PLENARY SESSIONAPPENDIX
Page 18 and 19: Opening Plenary SessionMonday, July
Page 20 and 21: DANIEL A. CASEY - Thank you very mu
Page 22: 5about his budget for maintenance.
Page 25 and 26: 8second, ice becows hard, and earth
Page 27 and 28: 10Roger J.E. Brown of Canada, who h
Page 29 and 30: 12PROGRAMMONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY T
Page 32 and 33: Deep Foundations and EmbankmentsPAN
Page 34 and 35: 17- streamlining pile design so tha
Page 36 and 37: 19I/Bearing platformFIGURE 2Inserte
Page 38 and 39: 21cmc.-0 100 200 300Anchoring lengt
Page 40 and 41: 23PROTECTING PILE FOUNDATIONS FROM
Page 42 and 43: D.C.EschAlaska Departmentof Transpo
Page 44 and 45: 27active layer beneath the roadway
Page 46 and 47: 29However, data did demonstrate tha
Page 48 and 49: DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF WATER-RET
Page 50 and 51: 33spillways and other outlet struct
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35ance cement grout is periodically
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37completed in 1946 to a maximum he
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39TABLE I (cont'd) Embanmknenc dams
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41Generating Station, Manitoba: Can
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF DEEP FOU
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45B9.penetration resistance is full
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47normal pressure on the shaft, fur
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I49P43.P44.P45.P4 6.P4 7.P48,11. De
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Frost Heave and Ice SegregationPANE
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53ly, however, an interrelationship
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CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHINA ON FR
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57Guan et al. (1981a) have complete
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59graphical Society of China (Cryop
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THERMALLY INDUCED REGELATION: A QUA
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63heaving based on the rigid ice mo
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65about water migration and seconda
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STATUS OF NUMERICAL MODELS FOR HEAT
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69to pre dice the uosition of the 0
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71Ottawa, National Research Council
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74geotechnical consultant wel acqua
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76-12rFIGURE 2 Marine temperature p
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I78050100I so01002 nn(km)FIGURE 3 T
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0 -4"" 1 '"".80-r"-+-"-""=lI I I I
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82Leffingwell, E, de K., 1919, The
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84FIGURE 2Hummocky acoustically def
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86depos its coarser-gra line d sedi
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GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SUBSEAPE
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SUBSEA PERMAFROST AND PETROLEUM DEV
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shown to be about 18 m below the se
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94frost. The significance of this s
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Pipelines in Northern RegionsPANEL
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HOT-OIL AND CHILLED-GAS PIPELINE IN
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102a. b./6RAVEL PAD,611AVEL PAD EXT
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104TABLE 1 Perform an ce of the var
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PIPELINE WORKPADS IN ALASKAM.C.Mete
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108Encapsulation of low strength so
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110Another technique that is being
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Environmental Protection of Permafr
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115emy of Sciences, Ser. Geogr., no
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117TABLE 1 Changes in northern taig
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119A somewhat dif€erent approach
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12 1direct and inverse relationship
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II123Mikhaylov, N. A., 1980, Classi
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I_REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITIES IN PE
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127subsurface resource; therefore,
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TERRAIN AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
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131gate and the reluctance of the l
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PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PROTECTIO
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TERRAIN SENSITIVITY AND RECOVERY fN
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Climate Change and Geothermal Regim
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STUDY OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PERM
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141THE: LAST 10,000 YEARSChu (1973)
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143$ 0.3 Whole EarthFIGURE 4, Compa
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RESPONSE OF ALASKAN PERMAFROST TO C
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147TEMPERATURE ('e)file shows a str
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149-IPL 5 'wt0.4t /-ASVYrnTE 0.4s m
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151century, as determined by analys
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND OTHER EFFECTS ON
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155that structures in such environm
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157sow chronological control on cli
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159les, Ungava. Unpublished Ph.D. d
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Invited Soviet PapersMAJOR TRENDS I
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165The Institute's geochemists have
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DRILLING AND OPERATION OF GAS WELLS
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16968 69 71LATITUDE 72FIGURE 4 Appr
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171conditions:depth of gas hydrate
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THE IMPACT OF INSTALLATIONS FOB THE
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175matrix-type, reflecting the stru
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ENGINEERING GEOCRYOLOGY IN THE USSR
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1 19previously such sites were gene
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181the settlement of the foundation
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I .................................
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185Stotsenko, V., 1912, Chasti zdan
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187where thawing may occur, as a ru
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189both cases (Grechishchev et al.
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19 1LLegend :1-4: Regions with diff
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193In the USSR widespread extremely
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1961973) and the minimal heat of th
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1986'6FIGURE: 2 Relationship betwee
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EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN THE LATENT
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202///-/ \/ \IaIII 1e-I/III I I 1 I
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MASS TRANSFER IN THE SNOW COVEROF C
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206i. 10 -344 48 1,Z 1,6 2,O & ,OC/
Page 225 and 226:
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF FOAM CEMEN
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210The regression equations that de
Page 229 and 230:
212hydrochemical samples of the sub
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214h5 1 Ghtsd501t-c40 L290n. i. I31
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216of water exchange conditions in
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!18regime-all these factors define
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~~220TABLE 2(contlnued)1 2 3 4 5 6G
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ON THE PHYSICOCREMICAL PROPERTIES O
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224010 /"0 I"Figure 3 Isotherms of
Page 243 and 244:
THE THERMAL REGIME OF PERMAFROSTSOI
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2 28FIGURE 1 The ratio (X> of the s
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230Intense freezing from above soil
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232dynamic impact is produced durin
Page 251 and 252:
234The influence of static pressure
Page 253 and 254:
A THEORY OF DESICCATION OF UNCONSOL
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!383rd category being moisture in t
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240external temperature field (the
Page 259 and 260:
THERMAL INTERACTION BETILTEN PIPELI
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244TABLE 1 Classification of Constr
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24 6= 1*09ps3(1 +E)pW.[a(wr-wo)+B(2
Page 265 and 266:
DEFORMATION OF FREEZING, "AWING,AND
Page 267 and 268:
250FIGURE 2 Diagram of the relation
Page 269 and 270:
252FIGURE 7 Relationship between th
Page 271 and 272:
254The values for ion run-off that
Page 273 and 274:
TABLE 3 Mobility of Elements in the
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REFERENCESClimate Atlas of the USSR
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2 60FIGURE 2 Vertical displacement
Page 279 and 280:
262FIGURF, 4 Deformation of the soi
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ARTIFICIAL ICE MASSES IN ARCTIC SEA
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266TABLE 2 Maximum resistance of ic
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APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE ENERGY FOR
Page 287 and 288:
270EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF MI
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REFERENCESRickenglass, L. E., and S
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I27420m0h 6Cd-- repssion V=l.1 cm1y
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276owing to marine water salt diffu
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INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE: COMPACTION
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280&0.8a6Q400sp = B ETwhere h, -FIG
Page 299 and 300:
THE THERMAL REGIME OF THERMOKARST L
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284Syrdakh amounts to nearly 0.12 w
Page 303 and 304:
PREDICTION OF CONSTRUCTION CHARACTE
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28 8Depending upon the vertical lev
Page 307 and 308:
ANALOG METHODS FOR DETERMINING LONG
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292FIGURE 2 Compliance with X-param
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294Vyalov (1978) and those based on
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296removed after drilling is comple
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egradient-pde uerficalgradientA5. O
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STRESS-STRAIN CONDITION AND THE ASS
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302eq. 11. and lore a ccurate valu
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304TABLE 1 Calculation Results of M
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A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING TF!
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308TABLE 1Composition and Structura
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310tion: Zhurnal tekhnicheskoi fizi
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312the pore water freezing in the b
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314Yakutsk, Knizhnoe Izdatelstvo, p
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316crust. It involves the use of a
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Cryolithogenic deposits and their p
Page 338 and 339:
Other ContributionsWATER FLOWS INDU
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323Advance). This relationship was
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325EXCAVATION RESISTANCE OF FROZEN
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~ ~~~~Gerald E. NelsonDepartment of
Page 346 and 347:
329Blocks in the diamicton reflecth
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3310*IMETERPOlITlON AND ORIENTATION
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ELECTRICAL TIJAIJING OF FROZETI SOI
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335if applicable), as is usually do
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3372. Duration of time t for isothe
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340A.L. WASHBURN - Ladies and gentl
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342every success to the new associa
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344as the president of the newly fo
Page 364 and 365:
,Appendix A: Field TripsField trips
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349EXPLANATION~ ~ and loess ; slope
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35 1Stop 3. Troy P l d lecturing to
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pushed to one side. The frozen grav
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355form ice on the roadway have inv
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357SELF
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359FIELD TRIP A-2: FAIRBANKS TO PRU
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361FIELD TRIP 8-3: DAWSON CITY TO T
Page 380 and 381:
363Participants inB-3 Field Trip1.2
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3651.2.3,4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.Parti
Page 384 and 385:
367FIELD TRIP B-6: PRUDHOE BAY AND
Page 386 and 387:
Appendix B: Formal ProgramMonday, J
Page 388 and 389:
371Zhu Yuanlin and D.L. Carbee. Cre
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3734100 - 6:OO p.m.INVITED SOVIET S
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375Koizumi, T. Alpine plant communi
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37 7Harrison, W.D. and S.A. Bowling
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380D.M. Murray, University of Alask
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382J.A. Hunter, Geological Survey o
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384J. Svoboda, University of Toront
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386Table 2 (cont'd).North American
Page 405 and 406:
388Jay BartonThe Barton GroupP.O. B
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390Lome E. Carl sonFoothi 11 s Pipe
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3 92Syl vai n Dufour Earl P. Ellis2
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~Joan394Fabio and Roberta GoriFinic
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396David HickokAEIDCUniversity of A
Page 415 and 416:
398Harry KieftePhysics DepartmentMe
Page 417 and 418:
400Davfd P. LuschCenter for Remote
Page 419 and 420:
40 2Joseph P. MooreSoi 1 Conservati
Page 421 and 422:
404John K. PetersenGeophysical Inst
Page 423 and 424:
40 6Greg Scharfen (A-1)World Data C
Page 425 and 426:
408Joe Svoboda (8-4)Dept. of Botany
Page 427 and 428:
410James and Sandra Wil is (8-3)Ang
Page 430:
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