design and technologies for cultural heritages | electrical engineering

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CULTURALHERITAGES | ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING | ENERGY |GEOMATICS AND INFRASTRUCTURES | INDUSTRIALCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING |INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND MULTIMEDIACOMMUNICATION | INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY |INTERIOR DESIGN | MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICSAND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING | MANUFACTURINGAND PRODUCTION SYSTEMS | MATERIALSENGINEERING | MATHEMATICAL MODELS ANDMETHODS IN ENGINEERING | MECHANICALSYSTEMS ENGINEERING | PHYSICS | PRESERVATIONOF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE | PROGRAMMING,MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDINGAND URBAN SYSTEMS | RADIATION SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY | Rotary Wing Aircraft | SANITARY- ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING | STRUCTURALSEISMIC AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING |TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY IN BUILDINGS AND URBAN CONTEXT |TERRITORIAL DESIGN AND GOVERNEMENT | URBANAND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN | Virtual Prototypesand Real Products | WATER ENGINEERING |AEROSPACE ENGINEERING | ARCHITECTURALCOMPOSITION | ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DESIGN,CONSERVATION OF HOUSING AND LANDSCAPE |BIOENGINEERING | BUILDING ENGINEERING PhD Yearbook | 2010

Chair:Prof. Valerio Di BattistaDOCTORAL PROGRAMIN PROGRAMMING, MAINTENANCE,REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDINGAND URBAN SYSTEMSThe DL aims at training researchers, managers, and designprofessionals being able to set out innovative design strategiesof organization, management, maintenance, rehabilitation, andprogramming of the building facilities as well as to promote andco-ordinate in this specific field high qualification research activities,projects, programs, and controls in compliance with the newEuropean Union regulatory procedural and technical context andwith the subsequent future developments of the relevant operativecontext and sector market.The building sector is experiencing important reconversions in thewhole cognitive, decision-making, designing, constructive, control,and managing process as well as in the attention paid to buildingfacilities.Such changes depend on various factors.∙∙International factors: the demand of greater businessescompetitiveness and of strong services enhancement (informationsystems, assessments, complex designs, controls, etc.);∙∙National factors: the new subjects, the increasing investmentin buildings, the adaptation to the new regulations (ISO, CEN,Public Works, UNI, etc.), the new quality and building facilitiesmanagement demand.The doctorate deals with the management of buildings, fromcomplex housing systems to the building organizations, in theframework of technical and economical special features and in thecultural and social implications.In particular, the doctorate provides for training for research in thethree main fields: planning, rehabilitation, and maintenance alongthe whole process and in the main scales.The doctorate, in the preliminary training phase, provides for theteaching of topics that are usually absent in the current curricula forgraduation as well as of research methods.Basic training give a wide range of updated knowledge and ofspecific rehabilitation processes procedures and management onthe different scales.It will be possible to carry out research both on a theoreticalmethodologicallevel and on an experimental level and all theinteractions between differing interests that can spur processinnovations will be promoted.Theoretical and applicative research will mainly be targeted to thedevelopment of service activities at all public and private structureswhich intervene in the various steps of building and urban systemsplanning, rehabilitation, maintenance, and management processes.The professional profiles cater to highqualification service structures as well as to Publicadministrators, building facilities managementcompanies, engineering and designingcompanies, building companies and variousnature professional activities being relevant to thebuilding.Specialist training is developed along thefollowing curricula:∙∙urban rehabilitation and public works complexinterventions integrated projects;∙∙rehabilitation and reuse of complex buildings;∙∙maintenance of building facilities.Every curriculum will include investigation topicsand theses hypotheses being closely related toalready started research or research in advancedstatus of starting.Such curricula pertain to problems andtheoretical/applicative research of most scientificWaldemar Albretti (Talento Consulting)Franco Guidi (Lombardini 22)Favalli Maurizio (Costruire)GianSandro Barzaghi (Provincia di Milano)Luigi V. Mangano (Mangano & Partners)Advisory BoardScholarship Sponsorsinterest and social relevance which suggesthowever many investigation and application fieldsthat are still uncovered.The theses are suggested by the academic staff inthe frame of carried out research.The theses are discussed and checked at the seatof the Reference Committee and concern specificaspects of the considered problems selected bythe students.The thesis proposal is formulated in the secondsemester of the first year.The theses are drawn by continuously interactingwith the possible external partners or with thepeople involved in the operative activities thatcorrespond to the studied topicsThe theses developed from PhD students untilnow (20) were original, always written with thecontribution of Public or private Corporations andintroduced innovations to the building process.Stefano Marrannini (Comune di Milano)Silvia Risso (Regione Liguria)Giampaolo Artoni (Legambiente)Bruno Rossetti (Weber&Broutin)Dipartimento BEST“Evoluzione e trasformazione del tempo libero. Gli spazi lucidi e per il fitness and leisure:aspetti urbanistici, gestionali e strategie d’investimento”Fondo per il sostegno dei giovani e per favorire la mobilità degli studenti“Risparmio energetico e microgenerazione distribuita”PROGRAMMING, MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDING AND URBAN SYSTEMS PhD Yearbook | 2010477

478Managing change in the World CulturalHeritage sitesPlans, achievements and perspectivesfor the industrial heritageMaria Paola BorgarinoThe research deals with heritagemanagement, and verifies thecurrent state of implementation,the opportunities and limitsof the UNESCO ManagementPlan. The study, which firstlyaims to illustrate the state ofthe art, describes the scenery(achievements, occurredconflicts, models, references,regulations, guidelines, …)and proposes some trendlines.As second step, the researchstresses the relationshipbetween the inscription, thedrafting process and thefollowing implementation ofthe management strategy insome significant case study,in order to outline, for eachapproach, benefits, criticalitiesand improvements. The researchis composed of three phases.The aim of the first stage(analysis) was to acquire models,references and plans alreadyavailable, whereas in secondstage (comparison) mail issuesand themes were defined, inorder to set up the third phases(assessment), which includesthe networking and the testingstage.UNESCO requires a managementplan since 1997, as part ofthe domination dossier forthe inscription of the sites inthe World Heritage List, andthe “Operational Guidelinesfor the Implementation of theWorld Heritage Convention”,issued in 1977 and updatedsince 2008, specifies the basiccontents of the plan. First of all,the “Operational guidelines”state that the managementplan should specify how theoutstanding universal value ofthe inscribed property shouldbe preserved and involves acycle of long-term and dailyactivities to protect, conserveand present the site. Then, thetext specifies that managementstrategy depends on the type,characteristics and needs of theproperty and its cultural andenvironmental context.However, the most frequentlyused strategies seems to belacking, limited and evencounterproductive for theconservation of the materialauthenticity of the site, and,when management planbecomes into practice, this toolshardly contribute to achievea long- term sustainability.We can easily state that, sinceusually management plans focuson tourism and incentive therestoration of the charactersof the site, the inscriptionoften constitutes an uncertaingain for the cultural heritage,over- restored and recreatedas a film set, and can be evenmore dangerous for the localcommunity, which becomeinactive spectator of an fakedevelopment.In spite of the partiality of theoutcomes, management planscan be still regarded as essentialtools to merge conservation withreasonable transformations andcoordinate different interestsand actions, and, accordingto the latest theoreticalcontributions, through theplan the site can move towarda evolutionary and mostchallenging perspective, wherea well-designed managementprocess supports shared rulesand aids skill enhancement. Inthe comprehensive frameworkrequired in management plan,conservation can engage anactive role, and sustains a moreadvanced vision, where carereplaces cure, and enhancementmatches with conservationin a continuous reciprocalimprovement of knowledge andskills.Besides, management plansseems to be increasinglyinadequate in managing theconflicts arising from a moreinclusive notion of heritage and,in recent years, the increasedcomplexity of the inscribedsites, main consequence of the“Global Strategy for a Balanced,Representative and CredibleWorld Heritage List” launchedby the Comittee in 1994, gaverise to the development of newreferences. In addition, originalmanagement approaches havebeen implemented outside thelist. Have the new referencesreally given us effective tools toaddress the critical issues arisingfrom enlargement of the list?What can we learn from theother management experiences?The plans devised for thecompany town (Derwent VallleyMills, New Lanark, Saltaire),industrial cities (La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, watchmakingtown planning) and modernurban estates (Berlin ModernismHousing Estates) inscribed in thelast decade and the experiencesled in Carbonia, Ivrea, Bat’ovany-Partizánske, Sunila and Lyonseemed to be a good viewpointfor understanding the presentmanagement issues, that arisein a extended and dynamicframework, where the plan haveto deal with changing needs andthe site manager have to foreseedifferent degrees of involvement,because of the extent of theinscribed areas and because ofthe hostility that this heritage stillarouse.The international seminar“Experiences in heritagemanagement transformation.Company towns in Europe”(Politecnico di Milano, 14- 15May 2009) was organized inthe third stage, in order to pointout some international bestpractices in built cultural heritageregulation and management. Theselected case studies (Carbonia,Ivrea, Crespi D’Adda, DerwentValley Mills, the housing estatesin the Berlin Modern Style,Sunila, Bellevue- Bellavista)presented different managementstrategies in order to understandhow to deal with different kindof stakeholders (private owners,users, companies…), needs and1. Berlin Modernism Housing Estates 2. Crespi d’Addapolicies. Trough the presentationof some advanced case studiesin Europe, the seminar aimed toshare the experiences about thecompany town already in theUNESCO WHL or provided withsignificant management tools.The establishment of the informalnetwork on cultural heritagemanagement was the mainoutcome of the seminar.A significant problem settingfor the management issuescan be carried out looking atCrespi d’Adda, the UNESCO siteinscribed in the World HeritageList in 1995 and still devoid of theplan, which was the main casestudy of the research. The Italiancompany town which was themain case study of the research,summarizes the most recurringcriticalities, such as the reuse ofthe huge sheds, the obsolescenceof the residential buildingsand the lack of public services.Moreover, the inhabitants seemsto have an ambivalent feelingregarding the inscription: is thelabel a award or a burden? Canthe plan allow transformation?Facades are a huge deal for thesite, because in many cases,material genuiness is alreadycompromise, despite themaintenance of the characters. Insome cases, the new surfaces areestablished and functional, andit may be acknowledged that isnot easy to repurpose “original”materials, because of currentneeds and performances.The management plan that iscurrently being formed sustainsthe development of technicalrules for the conservation andtransformation of the builtheritage, based on sharedcriteria, in order to controltransformations of public andprivate properties avoidingboth, unadvised renewal andordinary reconstruction. Proposedpolicy concerns maintenanceand transformation of dwellingsurfaces (as plaster, basement,fastening), supporting designer ina justified, conscious and awareapproach. Technical rules avoidany imposition and suggestsrules based on environmentalcompatibility, knowledge, anddiagnostics.PROGRAMMING, MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDING AND URBAN SYSTEMS PhD Yearbook | 2010479

480ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY IN HOSPITALAndrea BrioschiThe research moves fromthe current global and localcontext and from shareddevelopment strategies. Fromthe observation and the analysisof contemporary environmentaland energy issues and fromredefined directions ofgrowth of human activity, itis addressing the question ofenvironmental sustainability andenergy conservation of buildingsystems and urban hospitals.The thesis is articulated intotwo different and sequentialresearch methodologiesthrough a first analysis of atheoretical-interpretive anda subsequent field survey. Asa result of the research andinterpretation of documents,a framework and a scientificstate of the art and innovativestrategies and technologydesign have been created.In the final phase has beendeveloped a field surveyrelating the specific topic ofenergy saving and efficiencyof the Park Hospital in theLombardy Region. This has beenarticulated in a diagnosis oftechnological and efficiency ofregional hospitals, implementedthrough a census, and in asubsequent identificationof interventional cases, inorder to show its economic,environmental and healthperformance of the energyefficiency consumption and ofthe environmentally sound.The environmental context isthe primary factor determiningthe quality of life, welfare andthe onset of human disease.The World Health Organizationestimates that 25-33% ofdiseases affecting the globalpopulation are determined byenvironmental factors. A humanactivity indifferent to impacts,through the uncontrolledexploitation of land anddepletable energy resources,constitutes a continuingthreat to human health andcauses significant healthproblems. Climate changesand air pollution are some ofthe effects of such a growthprocess. Consider that the WHOestimates a mortality incidenceabout 240,000 deaths a year inthe European urban area due toexcessive air pollutant emissions.Within this scenario has beenoutlined the knowledge thatthe conventional hospital“productivist”, understood as “amachine for healing” indifferentto the environment and energy,is a place of production of healthbut also of disease. The Agencyfor Environmental Protection inthe United States has estimatedthat the American health caresector is among the most energyconsumer of business sector andthat the power consumption isdue to the indirect health costsof 600 million dollars a year forcare of diseases induced andexacerbated by pollutants. So,to honor the total commitmentto the entire society is necessaryto perform a redefinitionof the hospital through anextensive transformation of theconstruction processes directedtowards the welfare of thenature and men. With a carefuldevelopment of environmentand energy, the hospital can bean overall paradigm of health forother human practices and it cancarry out its vocation.The first phase of a theoreticalinterpretivebegins with anintroductory chapter illustratingthe close and inseparableconnection between healthand environment and developsan overview of the state ofthe art in four sequentialchapters that address the designprocess building hospital, theintegration and the impact onthe site, the energy use, theenvironmental quality and thetransformation of architecturallanguage. The introductiondescribes the changing conceptof health, with the transitionfrom thinking of classicalmedicine to biomedical modelbio-psycho-social consideringthe relationship with theenvironment, and shows howhuman activities may constitutea decisive risk factor for thewelfare of nature and for man.The following chapter willaddress the first technologicalissue with a synthetic frameworkof the integrated process ofhospital design. Starting fromthe integral management of theproject and from many energyand environmental aspects themain application tools BuildingInformation Modeling or GreenGuide for Health Care havebeen identified. In the thirdchapter, have been investigatedthe criteria of settlement, theenvironmental impacts andintegration in the territory.Evaluation of land use andproduction of pollutant loadshave been associated with thequality of spaces and services,the organization of transportand handling of food. Thecentral part of the analysishas been reserved for the useand production of energy inhospitals. A first survey aboutthe incidence of consumptionof the social-health sector,has been followed by a periodillustrating the characteristicsof the hospital building systemsand a summary of operationsmanagement and technology forefficient energy use. This issueends with the reconstruction ofexisting development strategiesin Europe and Italy, with theanalysis of the project “EnergyConscious European Hospitalsand Health Care Buildings”and the various Italian regionalexperience. The fifth chapterconcludes the phase of gradingthe state of the art with thedescription of the criteria ofenvironmental quality and thetransformations of architecturallanguages of the hospital inrelation with the changedrelationship with the naturalenvironment.This phase has been a timeof development and transferknowledge of a disciplinary field,almost neglected in Italy butbecoming more prominent andimportant in international realityidentifying the most innovativestrategies and technologiescurrently in use within thehospital projects. The analysiscould provide an appropriatetheoretical and interpretiveframework for defining criteriaand design tools, and disclosureof illustrative documents, usefulto industry engineers and publicadministrations.In the second phase, for theconstruction of a preliminarytechnological diagnosis, plantengineering and energy ofhospitals around the country,a field survey of the ParkHospital in the Region ofLombardy has been developed.The cognitive process startedwith the dissemination andcompilation of checklists aimedat all businesses, the subsequentanalysis and interpretation ofdata and the final phase ofidentifying critical issues andpre-planning intervention. Thesample covered 32% of the102 regional hospitals involved.The questionnaires have beenstructured in four thematicareas concerning the energymanager, the structural aspects,the management and the energyconsumption. After havinggathered checklists, a summaryhas been prepared illustratingthe data, with the constructionof graphs and tables, and aninterpretive analysis has beencarried out with the definitionof parametric indices. In thefinal part have been highlightedthe weaknesses of the currentstate of the park hospital, andan environmental and healthimpact has been estimatedand for improvement optionshave been advanced. This partrepresents an input appliedto the entire research path,confirming the theory anddemonstrate the real scientificvalue, and results, in a first step,in a process of environmentalassessment and spatial planningfor the reorganization ofenergy management hospitals.The survey has generated anunpublished database and itmay be a preliminary technicalframework, useful to theLombardy Region to implementthe strategic considerations andpossible intervention programs.PROGRAMMING, MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDING AND URBAN SYSTEMS PhD Yearbook | 2010481

482High efficiency distributed generationsystems in urban districtsMassimiliano ManfrenThe path towards energysustainability is commonlyreferred to as the incrementaladoption of availabletechnologies, practices andpolicies that may help todecrease the environmentalimpact of energy sector, whileproviding an adequate standardof services. The increasedawareness, that ”addressingclimate change and the activitiescausing climate change is akey challenge for the 21stcentury, for both developedand developing countries, ifsustainable development is tobe attained”, as stated by theEuropean Environment Agencyin 2002, and EU 2020 EmissionReduction Plan are clear signalsin this direction.The recent development ofefficient technologies fordistributed generation ischanging the focus of theproduction of electricity fromcentralized power plants to localgeneration units spread over theterritory. The evaluation of tradeoffsbetween technologies,practices and policies for themitigation of environmentalproblems related to energyresources depletion requiresdeep knowledge of the local andglobal effects of the proposedsolutions. The increasingly globalnature of contemporary societyhas determined a strongerinterconnection between humanactivities, energy use andpollution reduction strategiesand so these topics must benecessarily addressed.Exploration of possiblealternatives in energy systemswith accounting, simulation andoptimization tools is essentialto enable transparent decisionmaking process, based onscientific criteria. This processis intrinsically multiobjectivebecause the task is either tomaximize or minimize severalconflicting objects. Whenplanning distributed generationtechnologies adoption, the bestcompromise between cost ofenergy services, global emissions(CO 2) and local pollutantsemissions (NO x, SO x, PM, etc.)has to be found, because apotential deregulated shift fromcentral to distributed powergeneration may decrease localair quality.A methodological approachthat integrates differentcomputational models andtechniques is needed toenable an effective energy anddistributed generation planningin the urban built environment.Accounting tools, simulationtools and soft computingtechniques have to be combinedin order to obtain a correctvision of which are the currentand future perspectives forcommunities. On the other handthe evaluation of energetic,economic and environmentaltrade-offs between differentoptions in environmentalresponsible community planningis essential and data mustbe visualized not only fromstakeholders and decisionmakers, but also from citizensto allow a better participation.In this sense, transparent andefficient methodologies andcomputational techniques haveto be employed in combinationwith adequate scientific datarepresentation.In recent years major advanceshave been made in thedevelopment of computationaltools to solve coupled simulationand optimization problems.Evolutionary computationhas been found to be veryrobust in solving this kindof problems, but a detailedsimulation and optimizationapproach is too computationallyintensive to be accessiblewithout expert knowledgeand adequate hardware andsoftware resources. Explorationof possible design optionsbecomes an issue when dealingwith the optimization of a largesystem. Additionally, scalabilityof DG technologies ensuresthe possibility to find solutionstailored on specific needs butrequires the correct evaluationof possible design options.For these reasons a syntheticapproach is proposed in thisresearch work.The methodology and thesimulation/optimization modeldeveloped starts from thecollection of time-series of data.The methodology accounts forthe specific characteristics ofthe site in which technologyimplementation is considered:data are extracted from aGIS application via spatialanalysis, integrated with others(climatic data, demographicdata, economic growth, etc.)and categorized for energydemand and load prediction,which is performed via neuralnetworks (nonlinear regression).Soft computing techniques arepreferred to traditional modelingapproaches because they donot require a strict hierarchicalproblem definition.Load data, as well as technologydata and economic parameters(utility tariffs, technologies initialinvestment cost, technologiesoperation and maintenancecost, etc.), represents inputsfor a two level optimizationprocedure, for solving plantsizing and economic dispatchproblems. The optimization ismultiobjective, considering asobject functions annualizedcost (economic impact), C0 2emission (global environmentalimpact) and NO xemission (localenvironmental impact). Thecalculation is performed via amultiobjective genetic algorithm.The use of advanced analysistechniques aims to obtain adeeper understanding of theproblem to be solved.The proposed methodologyand model are applied in theselected case studies whichare portions of the Parmaurban territory. Essential datahave been collected withinthe collaboration activity withParma Energy Agency for therevision of the city energy planand for the formulation of aninnovative local building energyregulation. The validationof the proposed model isperformed by employing realdata and currently availabledistributed generationmodels. The scope beyondthis research is to promotethe development processtowards the new paradigm ofdistributed generation. Thisprocess must be supported bypublic administrations throughenergy regulations, HVACsystems control and monitoringcampaigns, incentives for goodpractices, etc. These actionsaim to set adequate boundaryconditions for the applicationof innovative solutions andknowledge transfer. Publicadministration task is toundertake actions to permitthe participation of citizensand private investors to therenovation process, whilecreating at the same time jobopportunities and developmentof the local energy servicessector.PROGRAMMING, MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDING AND URBAN SYSTEMS PhD Yearbook | 2010483

484LANDSCAPE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT:INDUCING EVOLUTIONARY BEHAVIOURSFrancesca PutignanoThe present research aims toinvestigate which role couldplay the landscape in localdevelopment, with regard notonly to material and economicaspects, but also and especially tothe intangible and cognitive ones.The theoretical framework, andmore recently, institutional andnormative assets have adopteda less and less restrictive conceptof cultural heritage. At Europeanlevel such process led to theelaboration of the EuropeanLandscape Convention,that extends the conceptof landscape to the wholeterritory, while previously it wastied, by the various Countrieslegislative traditions, to selectiveconceptions. It confirms theneed to globally face the topicof quality in all the populatedareas, recognized as an essentialcondition for individual andsocial welfare, for a sustainabledevelopment and as a resourcethat favours economic activities.By defining landscape as “anarea, as perceived by people,whose character is the result ofthe action and interaction ofnatural and/or human factors”(Article 1), the EuropeanLandscape Convention givesa key role to the population’sperception of its environment.It implies recognition of therights and the responsibilitiesof populations to play an activerole in the processes of acquiringknowledge, taking decisionsand managing the quality of theplaces where they live. Publicinvolvement is regarded not as aformal act but as an integral partof management, protection andplanning procedures.The main focus of the presentresearch is that perceptionshould become the mosteffective innovation factor fortools and procedures, accordingto an idea of landscape asa co-evolving system, inwhich the human and theimmaterial components cannot be neglected any longer.Because of that it is necessaryto redefine the concept oflandscape perception: from thetraditional and restricted ideaof view, to the whole mentalterritory, taking in account theinterrelation between individual,social and cultural perception.The research addresses tohybridize conservative, territorialand cognitive sciences,redefining local development asa learning process, consideringboth strategic initiatives andcurrent activities.Economic sciences have triedto foresee man’s behaviouraltrends, but the economicindividual is first of all apsychological, social and culturalsubject. The prevailing culturedriven models used to enhancemarginal areas and/or culturallandscapes are still the simplestand the less sustainable, beingbased on touristic short termsobjectives: landscape is intendedas a postcard that must be keptimmutable since it has beentransformed in consumer goods[1].The crystallization of landscapealmost always corresponds toa non-evolving society, wherelocal communities risk to remainthe hostage of regressivementalities. The hypothesis isthat the difficulty in relatingto modernity and elaboratingdevelopment models coherentwith the context, derives fromthe penetration of estrangedand banalizing developmentmodels, which at the same timehave interrupted the continuityof traditional processes andhave caused a crisis in thecommunities’ ability to identifywith their own heritage.The arising challenge is thereforeto find modes and tools, whichare able to induce evolutionarybehaviours in the territorialsystem.Current public involvementtools, limited to informationand consensus creation only, arenot suitable to achieve resultsin terms of local communitylearning. From a cognitive pointof view the failure of manyregional development projectscould be seen as the directconsequence of a shortfall,related to the methodologyapplied to establish andsupport the relationship withthe local community over1. The prevailing development models still consider landscape as a postcard 2. The reflective movement inducedby the ethnographic approach(Schürch, 2009)time. The experimentation ofan ethnographic approach(Schürch, 2006) that, throughnarration and sharing, opensa redefinition of identities,may offer a way out fromdecontextualized logics. Theapproach’s focal point is theactivation of a movement inwhich the regional actors take tothemselves the transformationprocess induced [2].If within a community, adifferent perception of theterritory takes shape, thisdepolarizes the local actors’attention and has the powerto induce an important processof “mental reconfiguration”of the territory. The describedapproach attributes thehighest importance to localability to produce ideas thatcan translate into projects. Soconceived projects result froman evolving process, rather thanfrom a path predeterminedby needs, that do not belongsto the local community. Aslong as people live an outwarddependency relationship, suchas the one resulting from yearsof financial support policies,no local development projectwill have a future. The creationof such internal conditionsthat can provoke a circularconsideration movement onthe cultural, natural, humanand technological environment,is fundamental; any reflectivemovement must foresee astarting and an arrival pointrelated to what is local, andthis jeopardizes any “outsider”planning. Shifting the attentionon the local determination doesnot mean giving up whateverexternal contribution, butunderstanding behaviouralschemes in order to deduce theiradaptive nature. Each evolvingexperience implies both leavingold habits behind (a way ofunlearning), and learning newways of interpretation andevaluation. Any developmentproject is a learning experience,never oneway: the socialterritory learns and transformsitself when also the plannersthemselves, who causedsuch changes, learn from therelationship with the peculiaritiesof each individual case.The final part of the researchaims to test the ethnographicapproach on the currentmanagement procedures relatedto the protected landscapes.By adopting qualitativemethodologies, a LandscapeMunicipal Commission wasanalysed as possible contextfor cognitive evolution. Theresult is an interpretation of thiskind of bureaucracy device as acommunity of practice (Wenger,1998), that should connect andcombine local perception andtechnical know-how.PROGRAMMING, MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDING AND URBAN SYSTEMS PhD Yearbook | 2010485

486The wellness areas. Evolution,transformation and e realization:from the feasibilty study to the managementMicaela RomagnoloWith the scope of an in-depthanalysis of needed choices andprocedures to build up fitness,leisure and wellness areas,after a market study of thepast and existing structures,the thesis objective is, throughthe representation of somecase study, the definition ofa theoretical scheme basedon parameters and criteriafor the creation of complexnew structures determiningweaknesses and impacts for theround context.For the scope the thesis isdivided into four sections:∙∙The first one speaks about thetheoretical topics of the “newwellness industry”, analyzingthe social and economicplus given by the Italy sector,creating an info basis drivingfrom the referral bibliography.∙∙The second one shows thefitness & wellness marketevolution in the Italy contextfrom eighties to today; startingfrom a state of the art analysiswith attention to the sectorrules and the rules of existingoperators the thesis explainsthe development potentialsin terms of users, areas,activities and relations with thecorrelated sectors like hotel,healthcare, corporate, etc..∙∙The third one analyzes somecase studies through datadirectly picked at the main Italystructures and professionals(management companies,1. The area “acque vive”: indoor view of the wellness area “MonticelloSPA&FIT”, Leccodesigners – architects/engineers -), with interviewsand surveys. That matchingof data (documents, designs,feasibility studies and businessplans) gives the thesis its usefulsense and helps the authorin writing and relating all thearguments.∙∙The fourth one representsthe summa of the work andthe expression of the thesisthat is the consolidation of anemerging trend on the newfitness, wellness and leisuredeveloping model. That modelis based on precise analysisand forecast/budget criteriathrough which defining thefeasibility of business: costsand economic results. Themain steps of the planningactivities are the accessibilityanalysis (also in relation tothe construction), the trafficanalysis, the competitorsanalysis (divided by typologyof services, standing anddimension) and the catchmentarea analysis (number ofpotential clients divided byage and income brackets). Onthat basis its possible definingthe dimension of the structureand the potential services andactivities to be offered to thepotential clients. The definitionof the business plan (costs,incomes and leverage) andthe definition of the designare the last, but not the least,steps. After the definition ofthe main aspects its possiblegiving the designers the chanceto create the best qualitysolution in terms of efficiencyand aesthetics, two aspects ofthe project very important toattract the potential clients;that setting up gives thearchitects the chance to adopta variety of layout solutions byusing a variety of finishing, butevery time considering the setbudget and timing.The search considers thefinancial aspects, themanagement aspects and thedesign aspects (architecturaland technological ones), whichcharacterized a business sectorfew studied and with highpotentials. The thesis result isthe definition of the quality andquantity elements and criteriafor the delivery of the best andmore efficient structures.In the thesis are developedoriginal themes like below:∙∙Interpretative analysis of thewellness idea and of the causeson the basis of the actual“wellness industry”;∙∙Analysis of an idustry fewstudied as of today referring totown planning side, financialside, planning side andmanagement side;∙∙Definition and application ofan interpretative scheme ofthe case studies to define theorganizing model based onthe best practice in terms offinancing, design, constructionand management of complex,which in the past were built upwithout defined criteria;∙∙Definition of the main criticalaspects found and referredto the feasibility, the plan andthe construction of a fitness& wellness structure, andthe definition of the mainsolutions.2. External view, “Monticello SPA&FIT”, Lecco3. View of the hydromassage bath in the wellness area “Virgin Active”, ReggioEmiliaPROGRAMMING, MAINTENANCE, REHABILITATION OF THE BUILDING AND URBAN SYSTEMS PhD Yearbook | 2010487