Title of Contribution to ROOMVENT 2004

Figure 6. Air and surface temperatures with seat andkneeler pad heating system operating6 CFD SimulationsThe set-up of the benches with the local heatingsystem in the climate room is modelled in the CFDpackage Fluent, version 6.1 [5]. In the simulationmodel the standard k-ε model is applied with thestandard wall functions. In this model a structural gridis applied with grid cells that grow from the areaaround the benches towards the boundaries of theroom. The room boundary conditions like wall,ceiling and floor surface temperatures as well as theinitial surface temperatures of the benches werederived from the measurements in the climate room.A first simulation of the seat heating system isperformed.6.1 EvaluationThe first simulation results were evaluated withhelp of the measurements discussed before. Thisevaluation showed that the surface temperatures of thebenches (see figure 6) were in good agreement withthe measurements (figure 4). These figures show thesame temperature distribution on the wooden benchesand the heating system.The next step in this research is to investigatewhat kind of viscous model should be used to achievean accurate CFD simulation of the local climatebetween and around the benches.The results of this evaluation will be used todetermine the parameters that are important as inputfor the simulations. First, this will be used forperforming simulations under the steady conditions ofthe climate room. In ongoing research, these resultswill be used for modelling and performing CFDsimulations of the situation in a church under realclimate conditions.7 ConclusionsFrom the measurements that have been performedin this research, the influence of the different heatingelements on the local climate in and around thebenches has become clear. The heating elementsunder the seat and in the back have the largestinfluence on this local climate. The air temperaturesbetween the benches increased up to 4°C, while atsome positions a maximum increase in surfacetemperatures of 10°C was measured. The mostimportant region of impact for air velocities is foundat shoulder height. The influence of the heatingelement under the kneeler pad is limited to the regionadjacent to this element.The first simulation results of the seat heatingsystem are in good agreement with the results of thesmoke tests and the infrared thermographic pictures,which give a general impression of airflows andtemperature distribution. For a more detailedverification, the temperatures and air velocitiesmeasured on the different positions can be used.In ongoing research this verification will beperformed for the two other heating systems. Afterthat, the model can be upgraded to the real situation inthe church building with the actual outdoor climateconditions.AcknowledgementsThe work presented in this paper is part of theEuropean project “Friendly Heating” which is fundedby the European Commission in the 5 th FrameworkProgram under contact no: EVK4-CT-2001-00067.The authors would like to acknowledge the financialsupport they have received from the EuropeanCommission.References[1] Schellen, H. L., 2002: Heating monumentalchurches: indoor climate and preservation ofcultural heritage. Dissertation EindhovenUniversity of Technology, The Netherlands.ISBN: 90-386-1556-6[2] Arendt, Claus, 1993: Raumklima in grossenhistorischen Raümen: Heizungsart,Heizungsweise, Schadensentwicklung,Schadensverhinderung. ISBN: 3-481-00564-4[3] www.isac.cnr.it/friendly-heating[4] Loomans, M.G.L.C, 1998: The measurement andsimulation of indoor airflow. DissertationEindhoven University of Technology, TheNetherlands. ISBN: 90-6814-085-X[5] Loomans, M.G.L.C.; Schijndel, A.W.M. van,1998: Simulation and measurement of thestationary and transient characteristics of the hotsphere anemometer. Eindhoven University ofTechnology, The Netherlands, FAGO report98.08.K[6] Fluent Inc., Fluent User’s Guide, version 6.1,Lebanon, USA, February 2003