Showcasing the Transition from a City to a Smart City

Grenoble EcoCitéFor a smart & green cityLaurent GAILLARDDirector of City Planningand sustainable devlopmentCity of Grenoble – France

Grenoble in the Rhône-Alpes Region, in FranceRhône-alpes : 6 million people6th most populated region inEurope (demographic growth)A dynamic region (GDP 100-125)Member of EuroRegion Alpes-Mediterrannée

At the foot of 3 ranges of Alpin mountainsAnd the jonction of 2 rivers Drac and IsèreGrenoble :Urban area : 700 000 inhabitants150 communitiesMetropolitan area : 450 000 inhabitants27 communities,Central City area : 160 000 inhabitants

An outstandingquality of life

A nice place to live !

Grenoble :An enormousurban growthduring 20thGrenoble, 19th centuryCenturyA huge urban extension in the 50ies, 60ies and 70ies

Inventing new sustainable developmenturban models◦ In 2050, 70% ofthe world’spopulation will livein towns◦ The challenge is tofind the way to livetogether in theheart of our cities◦ Grenoble mustimagine the townof tomorrow : anintegrativeapproach of theurban environment

TRANSPORTThe tram picks up speed+ + + Grenoble, the posi+ive energiesInventing the compacttown of tomorrow• 33 km of tram tracks inthe Grenoble built-upurban area• 2 new lines in creation• Mobility mode share• Electric mobility schemeon reflexion• The Grenoble “bicyclereflex”

ENERGIES AND PROTECTION OF RESOURCES+ + + Grenoble, the posi+ive energiesWood, sun and water in the vicinity of sensorsFocusing onrenewable energiesand the reduction ofCO2 emissions• The most powerfulbiomass heat plant inFrance• The Town supports thecompetitiveness centres• A new natural regionalreserve on its drinkingwater catchment

ECO DISTRICTS+ + + Grenoble, the posi+ive energiesImagining the town of tomorrowGrenoble hasexperimented afunctional and socialmix : the De Bonne Eco-District• Experimentation withConcerto of a districtwith high energyefficiency• Transport• Social mix• Functional mix

De Bonne Eco-District :A sustainable districtin the centre of the city2003-2009Early Concerto program

De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of cityReconversion of ancien military barracks on 8,5 hectaresEuropean program Concerto on energy efficency and renewable energy

De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of city• inlarge the centre and connect to the new tramway line, 900 dwellings within 40%social housing appartement.• a new wood structure shopping center : 20 000 m² of shops cooling by water tablesystem and equiped with 1000m² solar PV panels.• A new urban parc of 5 hectares,Urbaniste : Christian Devillers,Architecte en Chef : Loïzos Savva, Aktis

First National Award for Sustainable Eco-District in 2009

De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of cityA shopping center : 20 000m² Wood frame,1000 m² PV panel, cooling with water table

De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of cityThe first positiv energy office building in France

De Bonne Eco-District : in the heart of cityNew and renovatedhigh energy efficency dwellings

De Bonne Eco-District :in the heart of citySustainable construction- 79KwEP/m²/yr (heating and hot water)- External insulation- Wood frame windows- Double flux ventilation- Solar panel for water heating- 8 CHP gaz power for heatand electricity- Green roofs and realgardens in each block

Monitoring results : Heating and hot water consomption over 2011Consomption Concerto objectivs for heating and hot water = 70 kWh ep /m² /year (Primary Energy)(Primary Energy)Hot waterHeatingDwellings Consomption Average :Heating+ hot water Concerto: 7038• Compare to the average over 18 classic buildings in 2011 : 126 kWhep/m²/year• de Bonne dwellings consomption is 40 % lower

kWh ep/m²shab.an70Monitoring Compare 2010/2011:Electricity consomption for common functionsMoyennes sur 9 bâtiments (sans H1,H2): 2010: 40 kWhep/ m²Shab2011: 37 kWhep/ m²Shab6012%2010 201150402020%Objectif 30 Concerto:25,88%5%-1%-6%-13% -19%-100-10• Electricity french ratio from primary energy to final energy : x 2,58* Estimation 2011 à partir des donnéessur Ventilation 6 mois simple flux

First Priority : Retrofitting of existing buildingsOne exemple : Main Boulevard Project (before the work)Also included in Concerto Sesac project butonly for the studies

Main Boulevard after the workA new lease of life for the Main Boulevard!

Main Boulevard after the workAn integrated approach renovation :- Appartments energy and facade renovation- Shops and small businesses renovation- New public space for pedestrians and bicycles- A new Tramway line divided by 2 cars space

Area covered

Main Boulevard results2005-2009- All facades renovated- 637 appartements concerned byenergy efficiency renovation.- 13 small businesses renovated- 9 offices building involved in savingenergy- Energy saving : 370 toe / year.- CO2 emission reduction : 700 t / year- Cost of work : 7 millions €- Public Grants : 1.6 million €- Effects :- Large owners incentive- lot of others multi-ownership readyto make the same work- A new project at the agglomerationscale has started already towardsbuilding built between 1945 and 1975

La Villeneuve Arlequin : Smartcities Project ZenN

European program SmartCities 2012.8.8.3Project ARLEQUIN ZenNRetrofitting of 433 dwellings (32 475 m²)SDH / 40 Arlequin :Réhabilitation de154 logementsCopropriété 80 Arlequin:Réhabilitation de 37logementsCopropriété 100Arlequin :Réhabilitation de 153logementsACTIS / 50 Arlequin :Réhabilitation de 89logements

Aujourd’hui l’avenue Alfred de Musset

L’avenue du Parc au croisement avec la rue de l’Arlequin

Developing a positiv energy strategy in the urban projectsA Shared Responsibility of Public and Private Shareholders

Factor 4Grenobleengagement :Divide by 4energyconsumptionandemissions ofgreenhousegases with allpartners for2050compare to2005

Evolution des différents critères de qualité environnementale depuis 200510080604020isolation %solaire %terrasses végétalisées %02004 2005 2006 2007 2008En 2008, 90 % des PC avec isolation par l’extérieur80 % avec terrasses végétalisées60 % avec panneaux Solaires

Grenoble Ecocité is supportedby national investment foundsAnd under negociation phasewith SmartCities 2Project name : CityZenLeader : Amsterdam

A local energy strategyGrenoble EcoCité+ Learns fromConcerto project

The 2 e heating district of France, with 55 % renewable energy,91 000 points provide, 136 km of network, 3 CHP137 g of CO2 per KWh sold

Grenoble Presqu’ile scientific quarterDemonstration site of the EcoCité project250 ha for a carbon free and fossil energy free way of life

Grenoble Presqu’ile scientific quarterDemonstration site of the EcoCité project250 ha for a carbon free and fossil energy free way of lifeAtelier de Portzamparc Architecte Urbaniste

AutopartageCar sharingPublic TransportsPavillon of the Mobilitieselectric vehiclesservicesMobility Passon your smart phonenew job : Mobilities OperatordynamicCovoiturageSelf-service smallurban electric carSelf-service bicycles

Step 1Step 2Mobility strategyMastering the parkingOffer convenient, moderate-cost,easy to use mobility solutionsAll parking places under publiccontrol : « Pavillons des mobilités »Mobility PassStep 3Substitute individual vehicle byshared vehiclesComplete public transport withcar-sharing & last-mile solutionsStep 4Switch to hybrid/electrical cars andsolar power supplyOffer easy charging facilities(at home/at work)Step 5Smart management of ElectricVehicule batteriesPavillons des mobilité and Solarparkings

SmallHydro-electricityproductionConsomptions display& SmartGridGeothermal forinter season storageHeating and coolinggrid + electricSmartgrid integratedNew job : Energies OperatorPhoto-voltaïcmassiv productionPolygenerationBiomass planton the existingdistrictHeating &cooling gridlowtemperaturewith wasteenergyusesCENTRALEPRODUCTION DECHALEURINDUSTRIES /RECHERCHESLOGEMENTSCOLLECTIFSPARC DE SONDESGEOTHERMALESPROCESSBUREAUX

General ContextWorld Population Growth (70% in cities by 2050)Natural ressources to be savedSpace Raw Materials EnergyVertical HousingSort, re-use, repairRenewable EnergySources replace fossilUrban density to be softenedby nature and humanrelationshipsAdapted buildingdesign andbehavioursSave energy, produce locallyA urban system to master energy(≠ massive energy for ever-growingneeds)Integrated town design associated with cooperation, ressources-care & way of life= EcoCité

EcoCité specifics challenges‣ Replace fossilenergyElectricity 20.4 GWh/yMobility24.0 GWh/yRenewable productionElectrical MobilityHeating 27.2 GWh/y Fatal & recovery fuels‣ Reduceconsumption‣ Introducenature in cityblocks‣ Help peopleto sort anreduce wasteLow energy buildingsPeak management &storagePreserve mountainviewsProvide public & private«nature islands »Adapt housingProvide built-in wastemanagt & repair facilities30 kWh/m².y targetSmart grid etcooperative buildingsHigh housing buildingsVertical gardenWaste ressources

AutopartageRecreative shared spacesShared gardensKeeping olds peopleWaste managementIntegratedurban blocksA new job : Block ManagerMutualised appartementBioclimatic greenhouseEasy park bicycles spaces

Impact of Ecocité principleson city blocks designLow temp. heating Loop :- Reversible heat/coldACSMobility system :- No private parking- Real time information- Easy deliveryVertical gardens◦ 30 kWh/m²/yr totalenergy consumptionfor new buildings atstandard costs◦ Consumption becomeslargely electrical(electricity represents50 % and heat /cold50 % of energy needs)◦ Investment cost >>operation costSmart grids :- Remote controlelectrical equipementCity blocks, energy and mobility systems are designedas integrated, cooperative, industrial systems

Vertical gardensEIFFAGE – Philippe BarthelemyCOGEDIM - Edouard François

EsplanadeAtelier Christian de Portzamparc

Grenoble EcoCité stakeholders

Avec mention de crédit photo CEAplateforme Monitoring Véhicules Electriques du CEA-LITEN.Economic sectorsAutomotivesectorSmart gridBuildingWood / Timber

Cities = where public and private partnership are possibleEcocity project propose an integrated town design for a carbon free districtProjects are concerning various fields in an integrated approach:- Mobility (electric vehicles, new services of mobility, cycles and tramway)- New energy efficient buildings- RES : hydropower plant, PV plant, Biomass cogeneration plant..- Smart gridPublic and private partnership around innovativeproject on Presqu’île district

Cities = where 70% of the european population are livingCities policy and targets are close to europeanpolicyUrban policy :• Compact city,• Retroffiting of housing, new districts• New MobilityEnvironmental policy :• CO2 emission reduction targets• Nature, green spaces and biodiversity• Renewable energy,Social cohesionAttractivity : create jobs

Cities = where public and private partnership are possiblePositive aspects :• University / Research / Industry good cooperation• Close cooperation between various stakeholders around sameobjectivesDifficulties :• Public authorities must follow tender rules of « marchés publics »• Who hold the innovative risk when private have return on investmentin mind ?PPP are good development tools only if :• Public authorities have a leadership role• Public authorities are warrant of public interest• Public authorities are close to citizen participation