MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com

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81--------------------------------------------.-----_----_-_ _---------/ ’ w--------_------_-------------------------------------_--------.~~~~~~,~~~~l~~~~~lil~-~/ .Figure 3.23 Tympahum with spiral troughs equipped with paddlesto be current-driven
82Most early tympanums were of the easy-to-construct design labeledHRES-D, in Figure 3.24. However, early in the 17th century, La Fayenoted that this design kept the water at the periphery of the compartment.The water exerted the maximum resistingmoment about the axle due to thepull of gravity on the water. This would obviously require more inputpower to overcome. Therefore, La Faye suggested the spiral-wheel designin Figure 3.33 which kept the water almost vertically in line, beneaththe axle and thus created a smaller moment arm (Ewbank, 1876). Severalother designs, such as the logarithmic and Archimede’s spiral curve(Figure 3.24) are also widely used today.Recognizing that compartment shape effects the performance of atympanum, the Hydraulic Research and Experiment Station (HRESj of theUnited Arab Republic’s Ministry of Irrigation conducted a program fortesting various designs. Using 6 x 75 cm plastic models of the shapes inFigure 3.24, they determined that the D2 design was capable of higherdischarges at a given head then the others and that its simple, “straightline”design afforded easy construction by users in developing countries.They also found that utilizing individual outlet compartments, such asare shown in the D 1 ’ DZ ’and Fathi designs in Figure 3.24, improve theefficiency of a tympanum by preventing’discharge from one compartmentleaking back into the compartment(s) below it. This separation of dischargescan also be accomplished by having the discharge outlets in thesidewalls, as in the enclosed noria. The term tablia is used to specifythistype of tympanum.Tympanums, are commonly constructed of galvanized sheet metal andutilize second-hand roller bearings in the axle. Typical performances ofsuch tympanums are given in Table 3.6. No data is available on constructioncosts of tympanum devices.
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MICROFICHEREFERENCELIBFUUWA project
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TABLE OF CONTENTS:.LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF FIGURES (CONT)Figure3.163.1
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LIST OF TABLESTable2.12.2a2.2b3.13.
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2find both new water lifting device
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4During the 3rd centuryB.C., Archim
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GIn 1698, Thomas Savery obtained a
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9the United States was starting set
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11engines, motors, transmissions, e
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Chapter 2Water LiftingPrinciples2.1
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15Table 2.2a Classification of wate
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2.2.1 Discharge or Capacity (Q)Disc
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(h) Drawdown (D) is the vertical di
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21Tota I DynamicHeadI Total Static
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23Vapor Pressure (P,)Suction Fricti
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Multiplying all these efficiencies
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27NPSHR-Q, is also usually included
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3.2.1.1 Bucket/BagUtilizing nothing
Page 38 and 39: handmade construction can be easily
Page 40: animal is returning to the top, the
Page 43 and 44: 363.2.1-S Counterpoise LiftThe coun
Page 45 and 46: 38to return the lever. Combinations
Page 47 and 48: 40Table 3.1Shadouf performanceLift
Page 49 and 50: (b)Figure 3.5 Scoop (a) used as sho
Page 51 and 52: ‘PIVOT-r- ----hFigure 3.6 Wzcer b
Page 53 and 54: 46water. The capacity of this devic
Page 55 and 56: - =7?=PIVOTCOUNTER WEIGHT\FLAP- VAL
Page 57 and 58: 50(a)ROLLER 7- HAND RAIL/SIDE - BY-
Page 59 and 60: 52flow in through a check-valve (e.
Page 61 and 62: 54exhaust valves for the steam (or
Page 63 and 64: 56Another significant difference be
Page 65 and 66: 58shaft), two other forms of these
Page 67 and 68: 60Among the simplest designs for a
Page 69 and 70: 62/HANDLEBARDISCHARGEHOSEfFOOTRE$TD
Page 71 and 72: HANDLE/CONNECTINGARMDISCHARGEFLAP V
Page 73 and 74: 663.3.1 WheelAfter many of the earl
Page 75 and 76: 68Table 3.2 Manually-operated paddl
Page 77 and 78: 70engine (2-3 hp) as the prime move
Page 79 and 80: 72Table 3.3 records some of the per
Page 81 and 82: 74Several names which are also appl
Page 83 and 84: 76Table 3.5Zawafa performanceLiftDi
Page 85 and 86: 78noria and the discharge and head
Page 87: 80enclosed circumference can also b
Page 91 and 92: 84Table 3.6Tympanum performanceDiam
Page 93 and 94: 86sufficiently compact and lightwei
Page 95 and 96: 88of 3000 gpm or 5000 psig. Dependi
Page 97 and 98: SE;vlI - ROTARYBUCKET VANEU’C)Fig
Page 99 and 100: 92(a)AIRCHAMBERAIR FEEDERVALVEWASTE
Page 101 and 102: 94Table 3.8Ram performanceA. Typica
Page 103 and 104: COMPRESSEDAIRDEAofpctI5LT1EDUCTC II
Page 105 and 106: 98FLASHTANK .iJI 10 -NON-RETURNVALV
Page 107 and 108: Because the components are not yet
Page 109 and 110: 102air-lift pumps. The oscillation
Page 111 and 112: 104and from the impeller and confin
Page 113 and 114: 106making this type pump useful for
Page 115 and 116: 90s; 80iTi!g 700E 60W50SPECIFIC SPE
Page 117 and 118: 110to lubricate all or some of thei
Page 119 and 120: 112such variables as impeller size,
Page 121 and 122: 114GEAR HEADOR IVE SHAFTTO PRIME MO
Page 123 and 124: 116W(clFigure 4.6 (a) Thai-style ou
Page 125 and 126: 118DRIVINGSUCTIONDIFFUSERa- - =tQ,E
Page 127 and 128: DISCHARGELINE OISCHARGE RETURNLINEL
Page 129 and 130: -122which at $.20/kg, cost $6.00. H
Page 131 and 132: Table 5.1Manual power appl icat i a
Page 133 and 134: 126water lifting device. Animals ar
Page 135 and 136: 1285.4.1 WindWindmills are currentl
Page 137 and 138: 130even saw use on the windy plains
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172HAL F CYLINDERSt------TO WATER L
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135a vertical shaft, the wind will
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--Table 5.3 Typical winchnil 1 clpp
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Table 5.4 Typical watermill applica
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141MEDIUM BREASTFigure 5.6 (a) Medi
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SLUICEGATEc, ~/I#/,.----- ------I L
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145-H-f -- WH---@II
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147with a 330,250 gpd capacity. Bat
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149Where electric power is not econ
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151electricity), the amount of use
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153of building and installing the d
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155II 300‘0083ooLoo93oo‘ootr000
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157Example G .l (after Molenaar, 19
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LOW LIFT VERTICAL PUA /lPI------PER
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Chapter 7Improvements and Research
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163example for further projects (Fa
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165Reynolds (1970) writes, " . ..ma
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16?BIBLIOGKAPlIYAddison, Ii., Ccntr
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169Committee on Water Supply Engine
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Gatz, C. A., Johnston Vertical Pump
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173Mother Earth News,1574.Ilandbook
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175Reynolds, I. II. , “High Duty
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177Svcndsen, M., "Irrigation Techno
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179APPENDIX
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Tabic;: A.2 Area conversions and ab
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Table A.4 Pressure conversions and
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Table A.6 Discharge conversions and
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Table'A.8 Specific speed (N,) conve
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ABHPDD- area- brake horsepower- dia
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