MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com
MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com
Table 3.4Persian wheel performanceLift(ft)Discharge(cfh) Reference Remarks30 325 Molenaar, 1956 ? hpsome metal parts20 395 Molenaar, 1956 ? hpsome metal parts10 580 Molenaar, 1956 ? hpsome metal parts5 760 Molenaar, 1956 ? hpsome metal parts25 510 Roberts and Singh, 1951 2 bullocksmetal bearingsIslamic Water-Lifting Wheels (1973) gives some excellent details of theconstruction of Persian wheels and other wheel devices, e.g., gears,bearings, fasteners, etc.A modified version of the Persian wheel is the zawafa or Egyptianjhallar. Most zawafas today are constructed entirely of metal, althoughoriginal designs were wooden. Rather than each bucket dumping water intothe same central trough within the driving wheel diameter, troughs betweenthe spokes of the driving wheel receive the dumped water and channel it toa common trough alongside the wheel. In this way a stronger, double-rimwheel can be utilized for deep, heavy lifts or where all metal constructionis used, and the water need not be lifted much above the desired upperwater elevation. Table 3.5 gives some typical performance data of metalzawafas.
76Table 3.5Zawafa performanceLiftDischargeWI (cfh) Reference Remarks6.5 1300 Molenaar, 1956 1 animal13.0 850 Molenaar, 1956 1 animal20.0 425 Molenaar, 1956 1 animal20 2000 Wilson, 1896 4 horses2.5 5400 Roberts and Singh, 1951 Eff = 76%The cost of metal zawafas varies greatly with the prices of metalsin various geographic areas, however by adjusting the costs given byRoberts and Singh (1951), in a developing country initial costs willprobably range from $120-$600.3.3.1.5 NoriaAnother wheel-type water lifter is the noria which has containers(e.g., bucket- 3, pots, etc.) fixed to a driven wheel. Since thecontainers do not loop below the wheel, as in the Persian wheel, thenoria wheel must have a diameter slightly larger than the total statichead. There are a large variety of noria designs and installations and itis probably for this reason that almost no performance or cost data isavailable on this device.Although norias can be driven by almost any type of prime mover,the name Vfnoria” has often been used when referring specifically to wheelsthat are driven by water. Such water-driven norias have paddles whichare pushed by the swift flow of a water force, e.g., Figure 3.21. Ofcourse, the power supplied to the paddles must be sufficient to lift thewater and overcome friction. Therefore, the size (and weight) of the
- Page 32 and 33: Multiplying all these efficiencies
- Page 34 and 35: 27NPSHR-Q, is also usually included
- Page 36 and 37: 3.2.1.1 Bucket/BagUtilizing nothing
- Page 38 and 39: handmade construction can be easily
- Page 40: animal is returning to the top, the
- Page 43 and 44: 363.2.1-S Counterpoise LiftThe coun
- Page 45 and 46: 38to return the lever. Combinations
- Page 47 and 48: 40Table 3.1Shadouf performanceLift
- Page 49 and 50: (b)Figure 3.5 Scoop (a) used as sho
- Page 51 and 52: ‘PIVOT-r- ----hFigure 3.6 Wzcer b
- Page 53 and 54: 46water. The capacity of this devic
- Page 55 and 56: - =7?=PIVOTCOUNTER WEIGHT\FLAP- VAL
- Page 57 and 58: 50(a)ROLLER 7- HAND RAIL/SIDE - BY-
- Page 59 and 60: 52flow in through a check-valve (e.
- Page 61 and 62: 54exhaust valves for the steam (or
- Page 63 and 64: 56Another significant difference be
- Page 65 and 66: 58shaft), two other forms of these
- Page 67 and 68: 60Among the simplest designs for a
- Page 69 and 70: 62/HANDLEBARDISCHARGEHOSEfFOOTRE$TD
- Page 71 and 72: HANDLE/CONNECTINGARMDISCHARGEFLAP V
- Page 73 and 74: 663.3.1 WheelAfter many of the earl
- Page 75 and 76: 68Table 3.2 Manually-operated paddl
- Page 77 and 78: 70engine (2-3 hp) as the prime move
- Page 79 and 80: 72Table 3.3 records some of the per
- Page 81: 74Several names which are also appl
- Page 85 and 86: 78noria and the discharge and head
- Page 87 and 88: 80enclosed circumference can also b
- Page 89 and 90: 82Most early tympanums were of the
- Page 91 and 92: 84Table 3.6Tympanum performanceDiam
- Page 93 and 94: 86sufficiently compact and lightwei
- Page 95 and 96: 88of 3000 gpm or 5000 psig. Dependi
- Page 97 and 98: SE;vlI - ROTARYBUCKET VANEU’C)Fig
- Page 99 and 100: 92(a)AIRCHAMBERAIR FEEDERVALVEWASTE
- Page 101 and 102: 94Table 3.8Ram performanceA. Typica
- Page 103 and 104: COMPRESSEDAIRDEAofpctI5LT1EDUCTC II
- Page 105 and 106: 98FLASHTANK .iJI 10 -NON-RETURNVALV
- Page 107 and 108: Because the components are not yet
- Page 109 and 110: 102air-lift pumps. The oscillation
- Page 111 and 112: 104and from the impeller and confin
- Page 113 and 114: 106making this type pump useful for
- Page 115 and 116: 90s; 80iTi!g 700E 60W50SPECIFIC SPE
- Page 117 and 118: 110to lubricate all or some of thei
- Page 119 and 120: 112such variables as impeller size,
- Page 121 and 122: 114GEAR HEADOR IVE SHAFTTO PRIME MO
- Page 123 and 124: 116W(clFigure 4.6 (a) Thai-style ou
- Page 125 and 126: 118DRIVINGSUCTIONDIFFUSERa- - =tQ,E
- Page 127 and 128: DISCHARGELINE OISCHARGE RETURNLINEL
- Page 129 and 130: -122which at $.20/kg, cost $6.00. H
- Page 131 and 132: Table 5.1Manual power appl icat i a
76Table 3.5Zawafa performanceLiftDischargeWI (cfh) Reference Remarks6.5 1300 Molenaar, 1956 1 animal13.0 850 Molenaar, 1956 1 animal20.0 425 Molenaar, 1956 1 animal20 2000 Wilson, 1896 4 horses2.5 5400 Roberts and Singh, 1951 Eff = 76%The cost of metal zawafas varies greatly with the prices of metalsin various geographic areas, however by adjusting the costs given byRoberts and Singh (1951), in a developing country initial costs willprobably range from $120-$600.3.3.1.5 NoriaAnother wheel-type water lifter is the noria which has containers(e.g., bucket- 3, pots, etc.) fixed to a driven wheel. Since thecontainers do not loop below the wheel, as in the Persian wheel, thenoria wheel must have a diameter slightly larger than the total statichead. There are a large variety of noria designs and installations and itis probably for this reason that almost no performance or cost data isavailable on this device.Although norias can be driven by almost any type of prime mover,the name Vfnoria” has often been used when referring specifically to wheelsthat are driven by water. Such water-driven norias have paddles whichare pushed by the swift flow of a water force, e.g., Figure 3.21. Ofcourse, the power supplied to the paddles must be sufficient to lift thewater and over<strong>com</strong>e friction. Therefore, the size (and weight) of the
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