MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com

164could substantially improve and encourage the use of often under- orunemployed labor resources. The linkage and gear system developed toallow manual power with a centrifugalpump is a good example of suchdesigning (see Section 5.2.1).Although such projects can undoubtedly improve water lifting methods,without an equal amount of effort to distribute information of new developments,they are of little use. In addition, education in operating andmaintenance techniques must accompany any device into the field to avoidinefficient performance and/or breakdown with later abandoment. Theintroduction of modern pumps into a developing region should eventually leadto the development of the light or medium industry in that region which cansupply and service water lifting operations. This can also create employmentfor individuals replaced by mechanical drivers (Wade, 1975). A shift inattitudes (by education) is also needed to reduce the emphasis often placedon using larger or more modern devices. The use of animal power should beparticularly encouraged'in the many developing areas where working livestockis in abundance but often stands idle. In these areas, animal power isusually found to be cheaper to utilize than mechanical power when evaluatedon an annual cost basis (Svendsen, 1975).7.3 Technological GapsAlthough many improvements to water lifters are possible within thelimitations of current tec?i,ology, there are also several advancementswhich will require the discovery of new technologies and refinement of areaswhich are just now at the threshold stage. These are primarily in thegeneration of usable energy, e.g., solar, geothermal, nuclear, tidal.