MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com

Chapter 7Improvements and Research Needs7.1 IntroductionThe current state of water lifting methods in the world, as seenthrough the preceding chapters , varies from ancient to futuristic. Withthis vast difference in technological levels, emphasis in the past has alltoo often been of refining recent advances or developing new variations forsophisticated applications. However, the present world energy situationand international assistance organizations have called attention to theneed for improving the often grossly inadequate methods used in developingcountries. These improvements must be done without making the improvedmethods dependent on imported parts or fuelfor maintenance and operation.7.2 Modifications to Existing MethodsAdditional studies are needed to determine designs and applicationsof existing methods which maximize efficiency. Too often traditionaldevices have been passed along for generations without any thought towardefficiency. Even in developed nations using modern pumps, emphasis ison maximum discharge for most irrigation and drainage purposes. However,the need to conserve energy has focused attentionThe tympanum study, mentioned in Section 3.3.1.6,on efficiency.which compared thedischarge performance of various designs was a step in this direction.However, additional research was suggested there to include power andefficiency analyses. Similarly, the SEATO thesis in Section 3.3.1.2developed performance characteristics of just one size and design of awater ladder, which was powered by one type of prime mover. The performance161