MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com

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This type analysis can be developed for any water lifter to observethe annual and operating costs. Figure 6.2 presents the results of sucheconomic analyses for several water lifters used in developing countriesin such a manner as to <strong>com</strong>pare them for selection purposes. Note that thisfigure is for a constant head and varying discharge, however other variable<strong>com</strong>binationscan be utilized.Because not all water liiting operations can easily be evaluated inmonetary units, the following example is used to illustrate cost in termsof food consumed. It also analyzes the power and efficiency of the manualoperation for a bucket-piston pump.Example 6.2 (from Allison, 1975):1. Basic parameters:a) One small man under tropical conditions can provideabout 2200 ft-lb/min (0.067 hp).b) Human efficiency in converting food to mechanicalwork (beyond basal metabolism) is about 20%.c) Work capacity of one man at 2200 ft-lb/min is about5 hrs/day (excluding rest periods).d) A boro crop requires about 33.3 inches of water fora season of 120 days.e) Pump efficiency is about 50%.f) Crop yields 2,600 lbs of rice per acre.g) Area irrigated by single family unit is about 0.5 ac.2. Calculations:a) Energy input = 2200 ft-lb/min = 36.6 ft-lb/set.b) Energy delivered to water (50% eff) = 18.3 ft-lb/set.c) Energy required to lift 1 ft3 of water 10 ft =62.4 lb/ft3 x 10 ft = 624 ft-lb/ft3.
LOW LIFT VERTICAL PUA /lPI------PERSIAN WHEELI 11 ---- TYMPANUM----WATERLADDERa=.*~..*..*. l .. .. .. .. 0..ARCHIMEDEANSCREW--COUNTERPOISELIFT.0 20 40 60 80 100VOLUME OF WATER LIFTED, IN AC-in.**OR HA-cm ( I HA-cm =0.97AC-in.)**U.S. $1.00 (1956) = U.S. $1.85 (1975)Figure 6.2 Comparative cost of lifting water to a height of 5.0 ftusing various dcviccs (from Molenaar, 1956)
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MICROFICHEREFERENCELIBFUUWA project
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TABLE OF CONTENTS:.LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF FIGURES (CONT)Figure3.163.1
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LIST OF TABLESTable2.12.2a2.2b3.13.
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2find both new water lifting device
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4During the 3rd centuryB.C., Archim
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GIn 1698, Thomas Savery obtained a
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9the United States was starting set
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11engines, motors, transmissions, e
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Chapter 2Water LiftingPrinciples2.1
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15Table 2.2a Classification of wate
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2.2.1 Discharge or Capacity (Q)Disc
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(h) Drawdown (D) is the vertical di
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21Tota I DynamicHeadI Total Static
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23Vapor Pressure (P,)Suction Fricti
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Multiplying all these efficiencies
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27NPSHR-Q, is also usually included
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3.2.1.1 Bucket/BagUtilizing nothing
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handmade construction can be easily
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animal is returning to the top, the
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363.2.1-S Counterpoise LiftThe coun
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38to return the lever. Combinations
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40Table 3.1Shadouf performanceLift
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(b)Figure 3.5 Scoop (a) used as sho
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‘PIVOT-r- ----hFigure 3.6 Wzcer b
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46water. The capacity of this devic
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- =7?=PIVOTCOUNTER WEIGHT\FLAP- VAL
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50(a)ROLLER 7- HAND RAIL/SIDE - BY-
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52flow in through a check-valve (e.
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54exhaust valves for the steam (or
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56Another significant difference be
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58shaft), two other forms of these
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60Among the simplest designs for a
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62/HANDLEBARDISCHARGEHOSEfFOOTRE$TD
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HANDLE/CONNECTINGARMDISCHARGEFLAP V
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663.3.1 WheelAfter many of the earl
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68Table 3.2 Manually-operated paddl
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70engine (2-3 hp) as the prime move
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72Table 3.3 records some of the per
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74Several names which are also appl
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76Table 3.5Zawafa performanceLiftDi
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78noria and the discharge and head
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80enclosed circumference can also b
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82Most early tympanums were of the
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84Table 3.6Tympanum performanceDiam
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86sufficiently compact and lightwei
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88of 3000 gpm or 5000 psig. Dependi
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SE;vlI - ROTARYBUCKET VANEU’C)Fig
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92(a)AIRCHAMBERAIR FEEDERVALVEWASTE
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94Table 3.8Ram performanceA. Typica
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COMPRESSEDAIRDEAofpctI5LT1EDUCTC II
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98FLASHTANK .iJI 10 -NON-RETURNVALV
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Because the components are not yet
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102air-lift pumps. The oscillation
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104and from the impeller and confin
Page 113 and 114: 106making this type pump useful for
Page 115 and 116: 90s; 80iTi!g 700E 60W50SPECIFIC SPE
Page 117 and 118: 110to lubricate all or some of thei
Page 119 and 120: 112such variables as impeller size,
Page 121 and 122: 114GEAR HEADOR IVE SHAFTTO PRIME MO
Page 123 and 124: 116W(clFigure 4.6 (a) Thai-style ou
Page 125 and 126: 118DRIVINGSUCTIONDIFFUSERa- - =tQ,E
Page 127 and 128: DISCHARGELINE OISCHARGE RETURNLINEL
Page 129 and 130: -122which at $.20/kg, cost $6.00. H
Page 131 and 132: Table 5.1Manual power appl icat i a
Page 133 and 134: 126water lifting device. Animals ar
Page 135 and 136: 1285.4.1 WindWindmills are currentl
Page 137 and 138: 130even saw use on the windy plains
Page 139 and 140: 172HAL F CYLINDERSt------TO WATER L
Page 141 and 142: 135a vertical shaft, the wind will
Page 143 and 144: --Table 5.3 Typical winchnil 1 clpp
Page 145 and 146: Table 5.4 Typical watermill applica
Page 147 and 148: 141MEDIUM BREASTFigure 5.6 (a) Medi
Page 149 and 150: SLUICEGATEc, ~/I#/,.----- ------I L
Page 151 and 152: 145-H-f -- WH---@II
Page 153 and 154: 147with a 330,250 gpd capacity. Bat
Page 155 and 156: 149Where electric power is not econ
Page 157 and 158: 151electricity), the amount of use
Page 159 and 160: 153of building and installing the d
Page 161 and 162: 155II 300‘0083ooLoo93oo‘ootr000
Page 163: 157Example G .l (after Molenaar, 19
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 7Improvements and Research
Page 169 and 170: 163example for further projects (Fa
Page 171 and 172: 165Reynolds (1970) writes, " . ..ma
Page 173 and 174: 16?BIBLIOGKAPlIYAddison, Ii., Ccntr
Page 175 and 176: 169Committee on Water Supply Engine
Page 177 and 178: Gatz, C. A., Johnston Vertical Pump
Page 179 and 180: 173Mother Earth News,1574.Ilandbook
Page 181 and 182: 175Reynolds, I. II. , “High Duty
Page 183 and 184: 177Svcndsen, M., "Irrigation Techno
Page 185 and 186: 179APPENDIX
Page 187 and 188: Tabic;: A.2 Area conversions and ab
Page 189 and 190: Table A.4 Pressure conversions and
Page 191 and 192: Table A.6 Discharge conversions and
Page 193 and 194: Table'A.8 Specific speed (N,) conve
Page 195: ABHPDD- area- brake horsepower- dia
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