MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com

9the United States was starting settlement of the Great Plains. Thissettlement demanded the development of all available water resourcesand two important keys to this development were the piston pump andwindmi 11. (Vadot, (19573, H. M. Wilson (1896), and E. C. Murphy (1901)give interesting accounts of Western windmill history.)Also during the 19th century, much attention was given to the scoopandflash-wheels in Holland. Using large steam engines, these wheels werethe key to draining the valuable polder land. (The Engineer, 1869 and1870; Slfchter, 1910.)In his 1841 edition of Hydraulics, Ewbank describes several "novel"devices for lifting water called injectors and ejectors. However, in1850, Lord James Thomson of England received a patent on his "Thomsonpumpn which was the beginning of the modern ejector nozzel for steamboilers (i .e., injector) which grew rapidly in popularity with their usein locomotive boilers (Kneass, 1903).In 1880, J. P. Frizell obtainad the first patent on the air liftmethod, i.e., injecting compressed air into a column of water. The 1890Engineering News discusses the "development of (this] absolutely new typeof pump."Meanwhile, the use of centrifugal pumps was growing as high-speeddrivers such as steam engines, electric motors, turbines, and Peltonwheels became available. After many years of intermittent centrifugaldevelopment , the Sulzer brothers began the first systematic and scientifictesting program of pumps in 1890. This encouraged many other machineryworks to undertake pump manufacturing. By 1905, Roger could write, I'. . .centrifugals have attained a degree of perfection which makes them aserious rival of the plunger pumps .'I