MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com
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MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com

MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com MICROFICHE REFERENCE LIBFUUW - Cd3wd.com

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Table 5.2Animal power applicationsNotion of animal Transmission Water lifter RemarksA. Reciprocating rope and roller mot figure 3.1 this requireswasting energy on a non-liftingreturn. trip---------------------------------------------- --------B. Circular sweep, rope, pulleyssweep connected to lifterby gears and shaft (i . e. ,animals walk only aroundsweep and must go overor under shaft)two-bucketliftfigure 3.2 method to convertcircular motion toreciprocating actionpaddle wheel figure 3.22 shows this arrangetympanum ment with a noria; requiredPersian wheelwhere sweep tow path cannotnoria surround water lifter, e.g.,water ladder at shore of lake, canal, etc.;chain pump use of high ratio gear trainscrew can allow use with centrifugalcentrifugal pump Pumpsweep directly connectedto lifter (i.e., sweepgears mesh directly withlifter and animal walksaround sweep and lifter)horizontal axis treadmillconnected by shaftand/or gear(s) to lifterpaddle iheelt ympanumPersian wheelnoriachain pumppaddle wheeltympanumPersian wheelnoriachain pumpr;ater ladderscrewel iminationof shaft and gears, asabove, cuts transmissionlossesseedonkeyrwheel in SchFoler (1975)p. 14; normally limited tosmaller animals

1285.4.1 WindWindmills are currently in the upward stage of another, in a longseries, of rise and fall cycles of popularity. As mentioned in Section1.3, this present increase in usage is due primarily to the existingworld energy situation.Although many designs have I?een developed through-out the ages, only a few basic ones are still in use. However, many majorimprovements have been developed, primarily to make the output power usablefor electricitygeneration.One of the simplest and oldest windmills is of the type shown inFigure 5.1. Normally, it is constructed by placing 8-12 poles (oftenbamboo) radially into a hardwood axle and fastening wire or rope betweenthe outer tips of the poles. Cloth is then attached between the polespoles to form a wheel of sails, usually about 17 ft in diameter. Thesails are usually attached so that they can be furled about the poleswhen not in use or in high,damaging winds. Most “sal;k” windmills arepermanently fixeci to face into the prevailing wind d: section as the onein Figure 5.1. However, a rotating mcunt, similar to those in designsto be discussed later, can be adapted to this type windmill to make itfunctionalin wind from any direction.Another simple, but higher speed windmil, ‘1 consii--r_s of a set of long,narrow blades (e.g., 5ft x 10 in.) fixed to a hub. . : developing areas,this design is constructed of 3-4 wooden blades -on a kdooden or iron hub,and, like the sail type, are usually used to provide a rotational motionvia gears or belts for rotary water lifters. One district in Thailandhad 21,000 such “propeller engines” in a 1949 survey (Molenaar, 1956) .The large, Dutch-style windmills were the design of a previous ageof windmill popularity, However, their spread to the United States (some

Table 5.2Animal power applicationsNotion of animal Transmission Water lifter RemarksA. Reciprocating rope and roller mot figure 3.1 this requireswasting energy on a non-liftingreturn. trip---------------------------------------------- --------B. Circular sweep, rope, pulleyssweep connected to lifterby gears and shaft (i . e. ,animals walk only aroundsweep and must go overor under shaft)two-bucketliftfigure 3.2 method to convertcircular motion toreciprocating actionpaddle wheel figure 3.22 shows this arrangetympanum ment with a noria; requiredPersian wheelwhere sweep tow path cannotnoria surround water lifter, e.g.,water ladder at shore of lake, canal, etc.;chain pump use of high ratio gear trainscrew can allow use with centrifugalcentrifugal pump Pumpsweep directly connectedto lifter (i.e., sweepgears mesh directly withlifter and animal walksaround sweep and lifter)horizontal axis treadmillconnected by shaftand/or gear(s) to lifterpaddle iheelt ympanumPersian wheelnoriachain pumppaddle wheeltympanumPersian wheelnoriachain pumpr;ater ladderscrewel iminationof shaft and gears, asabove, cuts transmissionlossesseedonkeyrwheel in SchFoler (1975)p. 14; normally limited tosmaller animals

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