- Page 2 and 3: The opinions expressed in the repor
- Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsForeword1 Migratio
- Page 7: Foreword
- Page 10 and 11: UN recorded that 61 million migrant
- Page 12 and 13: about this and other programmes. Se
- Page 15: Introduction
- Page 18 and 19: overseas ethnic markets; and the wa
- Page 20 and 21: labor migration. This narrower topi
- Page 22 and 23: narrowing income inequalities withi
- Page 24 and 25: and 2004 has increased the urban po
- Page 27: Connecting Internaland Internationa
- Page 30 and 31: it comes to questions of migration
- Page 32 and 33: internal and international migratio
- Page 34 and 35: the larger cities. British ships we
- Page 36 and 37: states. At present, as part of our
- Page 38 and 39: 36and one on international migratio
- Page 40 and 41: perspective 3 that gives methodolog
- Page 42 and 43: commercial, industrial and service
- Page 46 and 47: to what was left of the original en
- Page 48 and 49: sought refuge in Lima. It was not p
- Page 50 and 51: husband who sought refuge and work
- Page 52 and 53: that take place between migrants an
- Page 54 and 55: to the flows of goods, resources an
- Page 56 and 57: migration and close to Huancayo) or
- Page 58 and 59: In some cases, families would regul
- Page 60 and 61: Furthermore, the precise compositio
- Page 62 and 63: This suggests that, instead of aimi
- Page 64 and 65: Brynes, D.M.2003 Driving the State:
- Page 66 and 67: 1984 Miners, Peasants and Entrepren
- Page 68 and 69: Werbner, P.1990 The Migration Proce
- Page 70 and 71: Genealogy 1: Jiménez Family in 197
- Page 72 and 73: Since the 1990s, there has been a b
- Page 74 and 75: migrant receiving areas, 2 but focu
- Page 76 and 77: well as discussing some of the cons
- Page 78 and 79: carried to Ghana by migrants. 40 pe
- Page 80 and 81: Table 2. Cost (in Euro) of Formal a
- Page 82 and 83: home countries, for example, throug
- Page 84 and 85: These insurance events can constitu
- Page 86 and 87: Having people collect similar data
- Page 88 and 89: people they knew. In fact, some of
- Page 90 and 91: For migration research, this means
- Page 92 and 93: ReferencesAppadurai, A.1996 Moderni
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Glick Schiller, N., and G. Fouron19
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Marcus, G.1995 “Ethnography in/of
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Portes, A., and J. DeWind2004 “A
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Stark, O., and D. Bloom1985 “The
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AppendixTable A.1. Two-country Tran
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initially entails high costs and ri
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To our knowledge, no study has esti
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2.1 Remittances and Income in Rural
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with its neat correspondence to the
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let z > 0 denote the predetermined
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Table 3. Gini Decomposition by Inco
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Table 4b. Gini Decomposition by Inc
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3.2 Effects of Migrant Remittances
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4. ConclusionsOur findings using na
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Knowles, J.C., and R.B. Anker1981
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Taylor, J.E.1992 “Remittances and
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124Table 2. Rural Mexico Household
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Central Region45Percentage of Villa
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128Figure 3. Relationship between P
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7Labor Market Flooding? Migrant Des
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Reibel (1997); David Card (2001); a
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The net immigration rate can be tak
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is S 0. It establishes an equilibri
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consequence a highly elastic supply
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in the populous fourteen states of
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out were both at work in this case
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Figure 7 identifies what we call
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Figure 9. Total Net In-Migration an
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Figure 10. Dynamic Economy ModelFig
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6. ConclusionThe dynamic and open e
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ReferencesAbowd, J.M., and R. Freem
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1999 “Historical perspectives on
- Page 159 and 160:
Hatton, T., and J.G. Williamson1998
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White, M.J. and Y. Imai1994 “The
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seasonal basis, to areas with more
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for agricultural labor were 15 and
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3. Why People MoveThe decision to m
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producers are facing heavy losses a
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in Mumbai, which capitalizes on peo
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In conclusion, migration can bring
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is also being experienced in many r
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ReferencesBal Kumar, K.C.2003 “Mi
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Lipton, M.1980 “Migration from ru
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Shylendra, H.S., and P. Thomas1995
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182Able-bodied men.Women migrateonl
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Majority of (ST)Baiga and Ghondsmig
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Single caste villageof (OBC) Dhimar
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9A Socio-Cultural Perspective on Mi
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of households reported having at le
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Drawing on these perspectives, I ar
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migration tend to imitate the behav
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What is presented below is therefor
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ate of exchange and was thus sent t
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which was an important consideratio
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some migrants had started chitties,
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The extended family constituted a c
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much individuals had “locked up i
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edistribution were enforced through
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and the definition of status in eac
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perceived, the status-seeking activ
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Engelbrektsson, U.1978 The force of
- Page 219 and 220:
Parry, J. and M. Bloch1989 “Intro
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10Migrant Workers’ Remittances an
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in labor migration emerged after, a
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husband and wife, four daughters an
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(Table 3). In the central and weste
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Table 5. Composition of Rural House
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Figure 3. Rural households’ Net I
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schistosomiasis, etc. This decline
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of them deposit the money in a bank
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to train new rural migrants in the
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Figure 4. Per Capita Temittance in
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ReferencesBai Nansheng et al.2002
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Lu Mai et al.2002 “Zhongguo nongc
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Xinhuanet2002 “Woguo Zhongxibu la
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agriculture (Cook 1999), producing
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evenue (MR) minus the marginal cost
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Before reform, the annual quota of
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Table 2 Regional Distribution of In
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Figure 3. Sources of China’s Econ
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migration are removed, all wage and
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urban-biased policies persisted, pr
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eform. Under the hukou system, Chin
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The institutional barriers faced by
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ecause of the rapid migration of th
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Migrant workers have hardly any opp
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ReferencesAu, Chun-Chung, and Verno
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Lin, Justin, Gewei Wang, and Yaohui
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12International Migration and Devel
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2. BackgroundThe recent rise in int
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of remittances: self-employment, a
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Given the size of recent emigration
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5. Remittances: An OverviewTable 1
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interpret. Some of it may be caused
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8. A Decision to Repatriate MoneyIn
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emittances in the year prior to the
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fourth one, Xiamen, is in Fujian Pr
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ReferencesAdelman, I., J.E. Taylor,
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Massey, D.1988 “International mig
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AppendixTable 1. Village-Level Remi
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Table 4. Logistic Regression Models
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Table 6. Logistic Regression Models
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Table 8. Logistic Regression Models
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13Remittances in the Latin American
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to anti-money laundering and suspic
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Finally, mulas may be sporadic trav
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has left from countries in Western
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Table 2: Remittances and Key Econom
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Source: National Money Transmitters
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One way this redistributive effect
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Managua reported having a relative
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America have a higher rate of havin
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Table 9 Frequency of Immigrant Trav
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Guyana offers an interesting exampl
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In addition to exports of these goo
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Hemisphere. Figure 7 refers to the
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alternatives. Five years ago, it wa
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concentration is pronounced, innova
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emittance recipients have a higher
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AppendixData Methodology on Pricing
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Fagen, P., and M. Bump2005 “Remit
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2003 Receptores de remesas en Ecuad
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14A Framework for Linking and Compa
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to jobs, savings, and networks that
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were expanding. That “flooding”
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ural families to repay debts, satis
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ut case studies, including that of
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would do well to examine how variou
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Carter and Sutch challenge the argu
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networks combine internal and inter
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4. Policy ImplicationsWhat implicat
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government should improve migrant w
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challenge for development practitio
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community members could help to cla
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itself). While research and analysi