table of contents - Raschig.de

Jaeger XMIST TM Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators
Product Bulletin 300
Superior performance by design
Raschig GmbH - Jaeger Products, Inc

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Raschig Jaeger Technologies 2-3
Comparison of Various Packed Column Internals 4
Features & Benefits 5
Introduction / Construction 6
Model Number / Performance 7
Fouling / Pressure Drop 9
Physical Properties 11
Installation 12
Sizing 13
Application Checklist 14
Product Bulletin-300
Page 1

Raschig Jaeger Technologies – September 2006
In order to establish a new alliance in mass transfer business RASCHIG GmbH and its parent company
PMC GLOBAL INC have acquired JAEGER PRODUCTS INC., a Houston Texas based company, which is
a major manufacturer of tower packings, column internals and speciality trays and very active in the Mass
Transfer and Environmental Business.
RASCHIG JAEGER will be integrated into the PMC network of highly specialized, internationally operating
companies and will therefore be better prepared to meet increased globalization and further improved
customer orientation. Wherever in the world – in all continents – RASCHIG JAEGER is on the spot.
Synergies
This strategic acquisition combining RASCHIG and JAEGER into one larger group gives a great advantage
to our customers giving them access to products of both entities in Europe, The Americas and in other parts
of the world. It will create new dimensions in mass transfer technology. The advantages of our process
engineering know-how and our technologies benefit even more the planning, modernization and
construction of our clients’ processes. And: saving energy and investment cost is part of it.
The new alliance offers a diverse array of products to meet the mass transfer needs of the industries. While
specializing in high performance products, the comprehensive products line of RASCHIG JAEGER also
includes traditional fractional trays as well as structured and random packing types that best fit the
application.
Leading In-house distributor test-facility
Product Bulletin-300
Page 2
The company operates one of the largest in-house distributor test-facilities worldwide. Liquid distributors
can be tested up to 12m in diameter at a maximum liquid load of 2400m3 per hour.
All products of RASCHIG JAEGER are the result of consistent development work long years of experience.
Comprehensive quality management in all stages of production and the principle of offering complete
solutions are the basis of our excellent reputation – worldwide.

Product Bulletin-300
Page 3
THE COMPANY
Jaeger Products, Inc. is a manufacturer of tower packings, column internals, and specialty trays. Our
products are common to many chemical processes and environmental applications where mass transfer
equipment is needed. In 1978, Jaeger revolutionized the plastic random packing industry with the
introduction of the high performance Jaeger Tri-Packs ® . It is still the plastic random packing to which all
others are compared. Other performance products include Max-Pak, a sheet metal structured packing,
Cascade Mini-Rings ® , and the CoFlo Tray, a new high capacity tray. While specializing in performance
products, our comprehensive product line includes traditional packing types in plastic, metal, and ceramic.
No other company offers such a diverse array of products to meet the mass transfer needs of the chemical
and environmental industries. Jaeger has the product to meet your most demanding application.
Technical Experience
Of course, with such a comprehensive product line comes the need to design and build the many
associated internals required to make mass transfer systems work effectively. Jaeger's capable
engineering staff has the knowledge and experience to recognize the nuances of each system and offer the
design that best fits the application. Each internal is custom made and matched exactly with the
appropriate packing and operating conditions. Our vast database of experience will work for you. Ask about
our written process guarantees.
Customer Service
A huge factor in the success of any company is their commitment to customer service. Our professional
sales and customer service staff will provide competitive quotations promptly without having to wait weeks.
Our commitment to quality products, ample inventories, same day air shipments, just in time delivery
scheduling, and no minimum order quantities is partly why Jaeger has the best customer service ranking in
the industry. Jaeger has an able and ready staff to meet your service requests.
Facilities and Plants
Jaeger's corporate offices are located in Houston, TX, just inside the north beltway area. This five acre,
multi-use facility houses the sales and engineering departments as well as light manufacturing and limited
inventory. Our primary molding facility, Century Plastics, is a corporate-owned subsidiary centrally located
in El Dorado, KS for timely shipments anywhere in North America. Additional plant and warehouse facilities
are located in Toronto, ONT. Other affiliated offices include locations in Germany and other parts of the
world.
The purpose of this brochure is to offer a brief overview of our product line. Should
you require additional information on a product, please contact us for a brochure
specific to that product or request a complete catalog. The additional information will
offer performance curves, data for design use, as well as other information. We look
forward to the opportunity to be of service

Comparison of Various Packed Column Internals
Product Bulletin-300
Page 4
In the last few years our industry has consolidated through varies acquisitions and mergers. Because of
these business activities part numbers for varies items have become difficult to follow. In an effort help
everyone with this conversion the chart below is provided. The information for Raschig and Jaeger is very
accurate; however, because of some unique design characteristics some part numbers could be interpreted
using slightly different numbers.
The information provided for the other vendors is our best effort to convert there system to “fit” our
numbering system; again this information is subject to some interpretation due to constantly changing
designs.
At best this information should be used as a starting point or a guide. Do to the nature of the information
we cannot guarantee its accuracy.
Internals Raschig Jaeger Sulzer CT Old Norpro Koch-Glitsch-Norpro
Liquid Distributor /
Redistributor
DR 2 LD1, CR1 VSL, VSI, VSH 106, 845, 107 301A, 301B, 906
DR 3 LD5, CR5 798 301A, 301B, 905
DT 1 LD4 VEG, VKG 126, 1016 126, 320, 926
DT 1 (1) LD4 (1) VKR 136 136, 321, 986
DT 2 (2) LD4 (2) MTS, VEL, VEP 806 310, 302, 806, 985
DT 2 (1) LD4 (2) MTS, VEL, VEP 126, 1016, 127, 1017
RP 2 LD1, CR1 116, 816, 117, 817 301A & D, 916, 917
RP 2 (1) LD2, CR2 116, 1006, 117, 851, 1007 301B & D, 116, 117
DP 1 LD3, LD7 VRG 844, 141 304, 330, 342, 941
DP-S LD6 VRD 1044 344, 305, 1044, 943
DT-S LD4 (1) VEL, VEP 136, 137 312, 312S
DT-MF LD-MF VKRPW 996
Feed Pipe DP-P FP1 VR, LV 119, 129, 719, 729 340, 119, 719
Gas GV 1 GD3 GIO, GIG 196, 198 342, 746
Distributor GV 2 GDS Vane Type GIV 194 351, 768
GV 3 GD2 SK 896 716
Flash Device FB 1 FP1 (3) 655 300, 745
FB 2 855 705
FB 3 LRR, LRP 755 341, 755
FB 3/RP 2 898 300
Bed Limiter - Random HP 1 BL1 RPB 103, 823 401
- Random HP 2 BL1 402
- Structured HP-P BL2 HE, HS 133 403
Support Plate - Random SP 1 PS1 GIS 804, 819, 1019 101R, 804
- Random SP 2, SP 3 PS1 EMS 809, 818 101, 103, 814, 824
- Structured SP-P PS2 TEB, TSB 134 102, 802
SP-HG 104
SP 1/ RP 2 201A, 201B
Liquid CV 1 CT3, CRS SLR 633 510, 511
Collector CP 1 CT1 SK 733 501
CP 2 CT2 SK 833 501
Liq-Liq extraction DSP 1 834 600
(internals not in Raschig
HB)
(1) Drip tubes in troughs
(2) Notches with drip tubes
(3) Flash Device
DSP 2 835 600
DP-P 644, 744

Jaeger XMIST TM Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators
Features
Product Bulletin-300
Page 5
•Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators are engineered to provide the optimum performance for mist elimination or
entrainment separation.
•High Efficiency
•Low Pressure Drop
Benefits
•Advanced mechanical design and careful selection of materials provide maximum performance lifetime.
•As a consequence of maximizing performance lifetime, life-cycle cost (total cost) is minimized.
•Superior technical support minimizes risk in process design and plant operations.
•When-needed delivery prevents unnecessary plant downtime.
•Industry leadership in quality assures customer satisfaction
FEED
VAPOR
LIQUID
MIST ELIMINATOR
FEED
KNOCK-OUT DRUMS
VAPOR
LIQUID

INTRODUCTION
Product Bulletin-300
Page 6
Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators provide the highest performance and economy of any mist eliminator
available. Performance and economy result from superior engineering, manufacturing, and technical
support. Various models are manufactured to span the range of condi­tions encountered in any process. If
the process can accommodate a moderate pressure drop and if there is little possibility of fouling by solids,
then a very high surface area mist eliminator can be used. If, on the other hand, pressure drop or fouling is
a significant consideration, then an intermediate surface area mist eliminator is appropriate. For extreme
liquid loading or for serious solids contamination, a low surface area vane type (chevron, parallel plate)
mist eliminator is needed (see Product Bulletin 302).
CONSTRUCTION OF MIST ELIMINATORS
Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators consist of two components: the knitted wire matrix, referred to as "mesh";
and the framework, referred to as "grids". Grids may be constructed from materials different from the mesh.
For example, low-carbon alloy steel (e.g. type304) may be recommended for the grids (which undergo
welding). For the mesh, however, ordinary alloy steel (e.g. type 304) is appropriate. Polypropylene mist
eliminators may have polypropylene grids or fiberglass reinforced plastic grids.
Mist eliminators typically have six inches of mesh thickness with one-inch thick grids, making an overall
thickness of eight inches (20mm). Decades of experience have shown that a six-inch mesh thickness
provides optimum performance for vertical upflow operation in hydrocarbon processes. By customer
specification, Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators can also be supplied with four-inch or eight-inch mesh
thickness. For air-water systems, experience has shown that four-inch thickness polypropylene units
provide excellent entrainment control.
Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators are fabricated according to stringent specifications to ensure longest
possible service life.
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
Materials of construction are a key consideration for maximizing the service life of the mist eliminator. For a
typical wire size of 0.011-inch (280 microns), even a low corrosion rate will quickly deteriorate the mesh.
Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators are custom manufactured using materials specified by the client. Typical
stainless steel, polypropylene and PVDF items are maintained in inventory. Other alloy steels are available
by special order; other polymeric materials are also available. Extremely high surface area units using coknits
of stainless steel with either multifilament glass fiber or multifilament PTFE fiber (and others) are
available by special order. Jaeger engi­neers are available to provide technical input for material selection
by the client.

MODEL NUMBERS
Product Bulletin-300
Page 7
Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators have model numbers based on their mesh density, specific surface area
and materials of construction. The ME1 prefix indicates that it is a wire mesh mist eliminator. Parallel plate
(vane-type) mist eliminators are designated ME2. A unit popular in air strippers, ME1-04-085-PP/FRP has
a mesh bulk density of 4 pounds/ft 3 , and a specific surface area of 85 ft 2 /ft 3 . It is constructed using
polypropylene mesh with fiberglass reinforced plastic grids. It’s comparable in performance to the ME1-09-
085-304/304L stainless steel pad.
Table 1 – XMIST TM Mist Eliminator Properties
ME1-05-45
ME1-09-085
ME1-12-115
ME1-09-158
ME1-04-085
ME1-04-285
MODEL
STAINLESS STEEL MESH
POLYMERIC MESH
PERFORMANCE
BULK DENSITY
OF MESH
LB/FT 3
(KG/m 3)
5 (80)
9 (144)
12 (192)
9 (144)
4 (64)
4 (64)
SURFACE AREA
FT2/FT3 (m2/m3) 0.012 (305)
Mist eliminator performance is evaluated on the basis of efficiency, pressure drop, and corrosion
resistance. Efficiency is a well-characterized property of a mist eliminator. It is primarily a function of
droplet size, wire size, specific surface area of the mesh, pad thickness, and physical properties of the
system. Because the efficiency versus droplet size curve is so sharp (see Figures 1 and 2), a good variable
to characterize performance is the "critical" droplet size. Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminator performance
characteristics include a critical droplet size, defined as the diameter at which 99% capture occurs.
Droplets larger than the critical diameter will be captured at a rate greater than 99%, droplets smaller than
the critical diameter will have a capture efficiency less than 99%. As a "rule-of-thumb," droplets smaller
than one -third the critical diameter will pass through the mist eliminator unimpeded. In terms of an overall
removal efficiency, the volume of uncaptured liquid may be negligible (or at least tolerable for the process).
Table 1 shows the critical droplet diameter for the most popular styles of XMIST TM mist eliminators .
45
85
115
158
85
285
WIRE SIZE
INCH
(MICRON)
0.011 (280)
0.011 (280)
0.011 (280)
0.006 (152)
0.030 X 0.090
(762 X 2286)
CRITICAL
DROPLET
DIAMETER
MICRON
(MICROMETER)
10
6
5
4
6
2.6

Product Bulletin-300
Page 8
EFFICIENCY vs DROPLET SIZE
ME1-09-085 / ME1-04-085
ME1-04-285

FOULING
Product Bulletin-300
Page 9
The most common type of mist eliminator is constructed using 0.011-inch diameter stainless steel wire to
create a mesh bulk density of 9 pounds/cubic foot (Jaeger XMIST TM ME1-09-085). Depending on design,
Jaeger wire mesh mist eliminators have critical droplet diameters between 2 and 20 microns. Parallel plate
(vane) units have critical droplet diameters between 20 and 50 microns. Multifilament co-knit units can
achieve critical droplet diameters in the submicron range; however, these units are prone to fouling
The same mechanism that causes mist eliminators to be effective at capturing liquid droplets also causes
them to be effective at capturing solids. Any particle above a critical size, liquid or solid, will intercept a
filament of the mist eliminator. Because of surface tension, the droplet or particle will be "captured". Liquids
will coalesce and drain downward by gravity. Solid particles, however, generally are trapped on the wet
filament. Therefore, fouling becomes the main reason why mist eliminators must be replaced periodically.
Fouling becomes a problem whenever an upstream operation inadequately removes solid particulates.
Fouling can also become a problem if an upstream operation requires a high degree of recycle. Whenever
fouling is anticipated, the mist eliminator should have differential pressure monitoring.
A spray wash system is sometimes used to counteract fouling. The spray should be directed at the
upstream edge of the mist eliminator so as to avoid an artificial overload in liquid holdup. If heavy solids
loading is anticipated, a parallel plate (vane type) unit is appropriate (see Product Bulletin 302).
PRESSURE DROP
In general, high pressure-drop for a mist eliminator correlates with high efficiency; however, there is not
necessarily cause and effect. There is, however, cause and effect for high surface area correlating with
high efficiency. Pressure-drop for Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators varies from less than 1 inch H 2 O for
low bulk density units up to 10 inches H 2 O for extreme efficiency multifilament co-knitted units. Generally,
the pressure-drop of a mist eliminator is not a design constraint (see Figures 3 and 4)
MIST GENERATION
"Mist" is a term that refers to droplets less than 10 microns in diameter. "Spray" refers to droplets larger
than 10 microns. Mechanical processes (two-phase contacting, leakage from high-pressure seals,
condensation, etc.) typically produce droplets larger than 20 microns. Extremely high shear rates (such as
in centrifugal compressors or in machining), however, produce some droplets smaller than one micron.
Furthermore, chemical processes such as gas-phase reactions also produce sub-micron droplets

Product Bulletin-300
Page 10
PRESSURE DROP vs VAPOR LOADING
ME1-09-085 / ME1-04-085
ME1-04-285

PROCESS SYSTEM PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Product Bulletin-300
Page 11
Droplet size is not uniform. There is a distribution in droplet size about an average or mean. Collisions
between droplets cause the mean droplet size to increase. For example, oil mist from high-speed
machining has a particle size distribution between 0.1 and 1 micron or larg­er. The XMIST TM co-knit mist
eliminators will remove essentially all the droplets greater than approximately 0.6 microns, but the smaller
droplets will escape. Another example would be an air stripper column; most of the droplets produced in
such a unit are larger than 20 microns. Hence, an XMIST TM ME1-04-085 mist eliminator will remove more
than 99.99% of the entrained liquid (provided the correct operating range for vapor rate and liquid load are
maintained
Fluid mechanical properties of two-phase process systems operating in gravity conditions are primarily
determined by density difference and by interfacial or surface tension. Process systems having viscosities
less than 10 centipoise are often analyzed as "inviscid" systems. That is to say, viscosity effects are
ignored. For mist elimination problems, viscosity effects can generally be ignored. Vapor density, liquid
density, and interfacial tension are the critical physical properties.
Interfacial tension represents the energy necessary to create a unit area of liquid surface. The units of
interfacial tension are dynes per centimeter (equivalent to ergs per square centimeter). Water/air systems
have an interfacial tension (interfacial free energy) of approximately 27 dyne/cm (erg/cm2). This is a
relatively high interfacial tension for vapor liquid systems; consequently, droplet size is relatively large
(spray regime). If there are surface active contami­nants (such as detergents), the interfacial tension may
be decreased considerably; consequently, droplet sizes are smaller. For hydrocarbon distillation
processes, interfacial tension is typically 0.1-5 dyne/cm. Fine mists, however, are not generally a problem
except for vacuum distillation. Although interfacial tension dramatically affects droplet coalescence and
liquid drainage, its magnitude is not usually considered directly in the selection of mist eliminators
FEED
MIST ELIMINATOR
LIQUID
SEPARATORS
VAPOR
LIQUID

INSTALLATION
Product Bulletin-300
Page 12
Vapor and liquid density determine inertial, gravity and buoyancy effects in two-phase sys­tems.
Consequently, system loading is expressed as a volumetric flux (flow per unit area or superficial velocity)
multiplied times the square root of the vapor density and divided by the square root of the density
difference between the phases. This variable is referred to variously, including "C-factor" and Souders-
Brown velocity. C-factor expresses the vapor flux for a two- phase system that is independent of the
system. Vapor flux in an air-water system is mechan­ically similar to that in a hexane liquid-vapor system
as long as the C-factors are equal. C-fac­tor is, therefore, used as the design parameter for mist
eliminators.
Mist eliminators are manufactured in sections so that they may be installed or removed through manways.
Each section is constructed oversize to ensure a compression fit and, therefore, no vapor bypass. Care
must be exercised in the installation to prevent warping the grids or deforming the mesh. The sections must
be secured firmly to the support ring and cross beams. Jaeger Application Specialists should be consulted
for installation recommendations. Properly selected and installed, Jaeger XMIST TM mist eliminators will
provide excellent entrainment separation and long service life.

MIST ELIMINATOR SIZING
Mist eliminators are generally sized based on a C-factor of
0.35 ft/sec (0.11m/sec) for vertical upflow or 0.5 ft/sec (0.15
m/sec) for horizontal flow. In horizontal flow, liquid drains faster
from the pad because drag effects are at right angles (crosscurrent)
rather than opposite to the vapor flow (countercurrent).
The resulting better drainage allows a higher vapor
load.
For fractionation systems, such as distillation or strip­ping, the
C-factor based on column cross-section is generally less than
0.30 ft/sec (0.11m/sec). A mist eliminator operating at these
conditions is not at risk of flooding, even at liquid entrainment
rates approach­ing 8 gpm/ft2 (0.05 m3/sec-m2). For
entrainment rates above 1gpm/ft2, the design C-factor should
be diminished by 3%/gpm/ft2. If entrainment is anticipated
beyond 8 gpm/ft2 (0.05 m3/sec-m2), a parallel plate (vane
type) mist eliminator should be used (see Product Bulletin
302).
Mist eliminator efficiency decreases with decreasing vapor flux.
For this reason, fractionating columns operating a low C-factor
(0.13 ft/sec (0.04 m/sec) or lower) often have a mist eliminator
smaller than the column diameter or else employ blanking
baffles to increase vapor flux.
Superficial velocities observed in air-water tests are not
appropriate for other systems. Vacuum systems can tolerate
high superficial velocities because buoy­ancy effects and drag
effects (upward forces) are small relative to gravity effects
(downward force). In high pressure systems, on the other
hand, superficial velocities must be lower because buoyancy
effects and drag effects are large relative to gravity effects.
Minimum mist eliminator area is calculated by:
for vertical up-flow
Product Bulletin-300
Page 13
MIST ELIMINATOR
FRACTIONATORS
MIST ELIMINATOR
LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR
PACKING
STRIPPERS / SCRUBBERS

APPLICATION CHECKLIST
Product Bulletin-300
Page 14
�Process engineering input concerning the droplet size distribution could help in selecting a mist
eliminator.
�At process conditions producing a C-factor of 0.35 ft/sec for vertical upflow, a wire mesh mist eliminator
will be operating at 70% to 80% of flood, depending on liquid entrainment rate. A design C-factor 0f 0.35
ft/sec is therefore recommended for most situations.
�For horizontal flow, a design C-factor of 0.5 ft/sec may be used.
�Turn-down of a wire mesh mist eliminator permits adequate vertical upflow operation between 0.12 ft/sec
and 0.4 ft/sec, at entrainment rates between zero and 1 gpm/ft2.
�Between 1 and 8 gpm/sqft wire mesh mist eliminators should be derated at 3%/gpm/ft2 (i.e. use a
smaller C-factor).
�For entrainment rates beyond 8 gpm/ft2, parallel plate (vane , chevron) mist eliminators should be used.
�Re-entrainment (flooding) generally occurs at a pressure drop of 2 -3 inches of water for typical wire
mesh mist eliminators 6 inches in thickness. This represents the approximate steady-state condition for
upward forces and downward forces on the liquid attached to the wire filaments.
�If solids are present (dissolved or suspended) consider the application of a spray wash sys­tem in cocurrent
flow with the vapor.
�Solids could also indicate the use of a parallel plate type mist eliminator.
�If plugging or fouling is anticipated, differential pressure measurement may be appropriate.
�Diligence in the anticipation of corrosion effects can have a major effect on the cost of entrain­ment
control. Chlorides, pH, and temperature are key corrosion considerations.
�Flow channeling (uneven vapor distribution) can cause diminished efficiency or local flooding in the mist
eliminator. Consult Jaeger Applications Engineers for guidance concerning these problems.
�Jaeger Applications Engineers can provide assistance if blanking strips or baffles may be needed.

100 General Product Information
200 Metal Random - RSR
300 Mist Eliminators – Wire Mesh
400 Fractionation Trays and Hardware
450 High Capacity – Nye Trays
475 High Capacity – CoFlo Trays
500 Metal Structured Packing – RSR
525 Metal Structured Packing - MaxPak
550 Plastic Structured Packing – RSP
Locations / Production Sites
Ludwigshafen and Espenhain,
Germany
Houston, Texas
El Dorado, Kansas
And Monterrey, Mexico.
Furthermore we co-operate with reliable partners all over the world
RASCHIG JAEGER TECHNOLOGIES
Mundenheimer Strasse 100
67061 Ludwigshafen - Germany
Phone: +49.62.5618-602 ∙ Fax: +49.621.5618-604
email: hneis@raschig.de www.raschig.com
600 Plastic Random – Jaeger Tri-Pack/Hackentten
625 Plastic Random – RSR
650 Plastic Random – LPR
675 Plastic Random – Nor Pak
700 Plastic Random – Rings and Saddles
800 Ceramic Random Packing
900 Winsorp Software
1000 Process Information
1100 Column Internals
1200 Reactor Internals
Jaeger Products, Inc.
1611 Peachleaf Street
Houston, TX 77039
Phone: 281.449.9500 ∙ Fax: 281.449.9400
800.678.0345 www.jaeger.com