PART A General Information, Description of Environment and ... - ERM

NewAGE Seismic Survey EMPr Algoa/Gamtoos BlockPART AGeneral Information,Description of Environmentand Impact Assessment

CONTENTSPART AEnvironmental Management Programme (EMPR)1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1-11.1 PURPOSE OF THIS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (EMPR) 1-11.2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT FOR AN EMPR 1-11.3 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1-21.3.1 Summary Description of Seismic Surveys 1-21.3.2 Technical Cooperation Permits (TCP) and Exploration Rights 1-91.3.3 Petroleum Agency of South Africa (PASA) Additional Requirements 1-101.3.4 Exploration Right Holder Details 1-101.4 THE NEED FOR FURTHER HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION 1-111.5 STRUCTURE OF THIS EMPR 1-112 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 2-132.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2-132.1.1 General Information on Seismic Surveys 2-132.1.2 2D and 3D Seismic Surveys 2-132.1.3 Sound Sources 2-152.1.4 Recording Equipment 2-162.1.5 Noise, Waste Emissions and Discharges 2-172.1.6 Exclusion Zone 2-172.2 NEWAGE SEISMIC SURVEY 2-212.2.1 Proposed 3D Seismic Survey in the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block 2-212.2.2 Support Operations 2-212.2.3 Appointment of Seismic Contractor 2-212.2.4 Employment and Vessel Supplies 2-222.2.5 NewAGE’s Environmental policy and monitoring 2-222.3 NO PROJECT OPTION 2-233 DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 3-243.1 INTRODUCTION 3-243.2 METEOROLOGY 3-243.3 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 3-263.3.1 Waves 3-293.3.2 Tides 3-293.3.3 Topography and Sediments 3-303.3.4 Water Masses 3-323.3.5 Circulation 3-343.3.6 Upwelling 3-363.3.7 Nutrient Distributions 3-373.3.8 Oxygen Concentration 3-373.3.9 Turbidity 3-383.4 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - OFFSHORE 3-38ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTI

3.4.1 Plankton 3-383.4.2 Invertebrates 3-413.4.3 Fish 3-443.4.4 Turtles 3-463.4.5 Seabirds 3-473.4.6 Marine mammals 3-503.5 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - NEAR-SHORE REGION 3-563.5.1 Rocky Shores 3-573.5.2 Sandy Shores 3-573.5.3 Shallow Subtidal 3-573.5.4 Estuaries 3-583.6 HUMAN UTILISATION 3-583.6.1 Fisheries and Other Harvesting 3-583.6.2 Shipping Transport 3-813.6.3 Recreational Uses 3-843.6.4 Mining and Prospecting Rights and Activities 3-843.6.5 Protected Areas 3-893.6.6 Other 3-923.7 SUMMARY 3-974 CONSULTATION WITH INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES (I&APS)4-994.1 OVERVIEW OF THE CONSULTATION PROCESS 4-994.1.1 Identification of Interested and Affected Parties (I&AP) 4-994.1.2 Distribution of BID 4-994.1.3 Placing of an Advertisement: 4-1004.1.4 Commenting Period 4-1004.1.5 Ad hoc Liaison with I&APs 4-1004.1.6 Compilation of Comments and Responses Report 4-1004.2 SUMMARY OF ISSUES RAISED 4-1004.2.1 Impacts on Sensitive Marine Fauna 4-1014.2.2 Proximity to Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) 4-1014.2.3 Negative Impacts on Fishing 4-1015 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5-1275.1 ECONOMIC IMPACTS 5-1275.2 JOB CREATION 5-1275.3 IMPACTS ON TOURISM ACTIVITIES 5-1285.4 IMPACT ON DIVING AND UNDERWATER RELATED RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES5-1285.5 IMPACTS ON SITES OF HISTORIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL INTERESTINCLUDING SHIPWRECKS 5-1305.6 IMPACTS ON RECREATION 5-1306 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6-1316.1 ESTABLISHMENT PHASE 6-1316.1.1 Geology and Sediment 6-1316.1.2 Physical Oceanography 6-1316.1.3 Physical Nature of Surrounding Areas 6-131ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTII

6.1.4 Air Quality 6-1316.1.5 Water Quality 6-1326.1.6 Fauna and Flora 6-1326.1.7 Marine Transport Routes 6-1326.1.8 Mariculture Activities 6-1326.1.9 Commercial and Recreational Fishing 6-1336.1.10 Mining Activities 6-1336.1.11 Communication Infrastructure 6-1336.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE 6-1336.2.1 Geology and Sediment 6-1336.2.2 Physical Oceanography 6-1336.2.3 Physical Nature of Surrounding Areas 6-1346.2.4 Air Quality 6-1346.2.5 Water Quality 6-1346.2.6 General Impacts on Fauna and Flora 6-1356.2.7 Impacts on Phytoplankton and Zooplankton 6-1386.2.8 Impacts on Invertebrates 6-1386.2.9 Impacts on Cephalopods (including Squid) 6-1406.2.10 Impacts on Fish 6-1416.2.11 Impacts on Turtles 6-1476.2.12 Impacts on Seabirds 6-1496.2.13 Impacts on Seals 6-1516.2.14 Impacts on Cetaceans (Whales and Dolphins) 6-1536.2.15 Marine Transport Routes 6-1586.2.16 Mariculture Activities 6-1596.2.17 Commercial and Recreational Fishing 6-1596.2.18 Impacts on Marine Mining Industries 6-1626.2.19 Communication Infrastructure 6-1636.3 DECOMMISSIONING AND POST-CLOSURE PHASES 6-1636.3.1 Geology and Sediment 6-1636.3.2 Physical Oceanography 6-1636.3.3 Physical Nature of Surrounding Areas 6-1636.3.4 Air Quality 6-1636.3.5 Water Quality 6-1636.3.6 Fauna and Flora 6-1646.3.7 Marine Transport Route 6-1646.3.8 Mariculture Activities 6-1646.3.9 Commercial and Recreational Fishing 6-1646.3.10 Impacts on Marine Mining Industries 6-1656.3.11 Communication Infrastructure 6-1656.4 SUMMARY 6-1657 CONCLUSION 7-1688 REFERENCES 8-171PART BPART CEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP)Supporting DocumentationENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTIII

LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1 Locality map showing the delineation of the survey block with the AlgoaGamtoos Block 1-5Figure 1.2 Map showing the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block and seismic lines of previous seismicsurveys 1-7Figure 1.3 Map showing the petroleum exploration and production activities in SouthAfrica 1-8Figure 2.1 Illustration of the principles of offshore seismic acquisition surveys 2-13Figure 2.2 The configuration of a typical 3D seismic survey operation 2-14Figure 2.3 A typical marine Airgun 2-15Figure 2.4 Figure Diagram representing 3D seismic survey outlay 2-16Figure 2.5 A Typical Marine Streamer Containing Hydrophones 2-17Figure 2.6 Safe operational limit around a 3D seismic survey array 2-19Figure 2.7 Schematic illustrating the movement of a 3D seismic vessel 2-20Figure 3.1 Winter and Summer wind roses for the eastern and western halves of theSouth Coast 3-26Figure 3.2 Location and Bathymetry of the South Coast 3-27Figure 3.3 Important biological and physical processes that take place on the South Coast3-28Figure 3.4 Distribution of sediment types along the South Coast 3-31Figure 3.5 Temperature-salinity diagram showing characteristics of different water typesfound along the South Coast 3-32Figure 3.6 Mean sea-surface temperatures off the South African coastline measuredduring Autumn (April) and Summer (January) 3-34Figure 3.7 Schematic of the flow field of near surface currents along the South Coast(measured between November 1982 and January 1992) the surface 3-35Figure 3.8 Inshore plume of the Agulhas current 3-36Figure 3.9 Distribution of Chlorophyll a (mg.m3) along the South Coast at the 500 mdepth contour 3-39Figure 3.10 Location of squid spawning grounds (detected by trawled eggs between 1985and 1992) 3-43Figure 3.11 Distribution of resident cetacean species (to 200 nm extent of the EEZ) 3-53Figure 3.12 Distribution of southern right whale (cows and cow and calf pairs) recordedon the South Coast from October 1969 - 1998 3-55Figure 3.13 Distribution of seal colonies on the South Coast 3-56Figure 3.14 Schematic representation of fishing gear commonly deployed by SouthAfrican fleet on the South Coast, including(from left to right) bottomtrawl(demersal species), purse seine (pelagic species), bottom longline (hakeand kingklip) and bottom trap (South Coast rock lobster) 3-59Figure 3.15 Rock lobster (trap) fishing grounds in the area around the seismic block 3-61Figure 3.16 Distribution of effort in the deep-water rock lobster (trap) fishery in the areaaround the seismic block 3-62Figure 3.17 Distribution of squid jigging areas close to the project site 3-64Figure 3.18 Squid jig effort close to the project site 3-65Figure 3.19 Distribution of effort in small pelagic purse-seine pilchard catch 3-67ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTIV

Figure 3.20 Schematic of the most productive (>1000 tonnes round herring, pilchard andanchovy combined annually) purse seining area of the South Coast between1984 and 1997 3-68Figure 3.21 Distribution of demersal trawl grounds close to the project site 3-70Figure 3.22 Distribution of demersal trawl effort close to the project site 3-71Figure 3.23 Diagrams illustrating typical fishing gear deployed for demersal fishing ofdifferent species 3-74Figure 3.24 Distribution of demersal longline fishing areas along the South Coast 3-75Figure 3.25 Distribution of demersal longline fishing grounds close the project site 3-76Figure 3.26 Distribution of demersal (Hake) longline fishing efforts close to the project site3-77Figure 3.27 Diagram illustrating typical fishing gear used for longlining for pelagicspecies (eg tuna and shark) 3-79Figure 3.28 Distribution of pelagic longline effort in the area around the project site 3-80Figure 3.29 Major shipping routes along the South Coast 3-81Figure 3.30 Safe shipping routes around the coast of South Africa 3-83Figure 3.31 Schematic of manganese nodules off Southern Africa 3-86Figure 3.32 Propecting areas along the south coast 3-87Figure 3.33 Map of Africa showing undersea cables planned for installation (to becompleted 2011) 3-93Figure 3.34 Schematic diagram of the location of undersea cables 3-94Figure 3.35 Location of ammunition dump sites along the south coast 3-96LIST OF TABLESTable 1.1 Survey name and years of seismic surveys undertaken in the Algoa/ GamtoosBlock 1-6Table 1.2 Structure of this EMPR 1-11Table 3.1 Percentage frequency of gale force winds (>18m/ s) and calms offshore alongthe South Coast 3-29Table 3.2 Percentage frequency of swell direction along the South Coast from 3-29Table 3.3 Tide data (m) for different sites along the South Coast (from SA Tide 3-30Table 3.4 Mean concentrations of chlorophyll in the southern Benguela system andSouth Coast region during the period 1971 - 1989 3-38Table 3.5 Breeding resident seabirds found on the South Coast and their conservationstatus 3-48Table 3.6 Species list of regular, non-breeding visiting seabirds found along the SouthCoast. 3-48Table 3.7 Species list of rare or vagrant seabirds recorded from the South Coast 3-49Table 3.8 Whale and dolphin species found along the South Coast 3-51Table 3.9 The species composition of the South African purse-seine fleet’s landings(thousands of metric tonnes) from 1980 to 2008. 3-66Table 3.10 Species list of fish landed by the commercial linefish and trawl fishery alongthe South Coast 3-72Table 3.11 The stock status of some commercially important linefish species 3-73Table 3.12 Species list of teleost(bony fish) and chondrichthyan species found along theSouth Coast that are caught incidentally 3-78ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTV

Table 3.13 Number of vessels calling at South African ports and sailing past 3-82Table 3.14 Limits of prospecting blocks for glauconite and phosphate within the SouthCoast region 3-85Table 3.15 The name, location and regulations enforced within the different marineprotected areas located along the South Coast (SFRI, 1998) 3-90Table 3.16 Important Bird Species within the Algoa Bay Island Reserve 3-91Table 4.1 Comment and Response Report 4-107Table 6.1 Comparison of Underwater Noise Types 6-136Table 6.2 Summary of the significance of identified impacts of the proposed 3D seismicsurvey within the Algo/ Gamtoos Block 6-165Table 6.3 Summary of scheduling interactions based on breeding, migration and fishingseasons and weather conditions 6-166ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTVI

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK1 GENERAL INFORMATION1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (EMPR)This Environmental Management Programme (EMPR) has been compiled tosupport New African Global Energy’s (NewAGE) application of an ExplorationRight to undertake seismic surveys within the Algoa/Gamtoos Block locatedwithin Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (Figure 1.1).The EMPR summarises the process followed in the compilation of the EMPRto date. It provides a description of the proposed seismic survey and theenvironmental and socio-economic conditions of the receiving environment.The EMPR also provides an assessment of the potential socio-economic andenvironmental impacts of the project activities and identified the mitigationmeasures to be implemented in order to reduce negative impacts and enhancepotential benefits. The mitigation measures are also summarised into anEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP) (contained in Part B), which willguide the implementation of the proposed seismic surveys.The information presented here is sourced from the generic EMPR (CCA,2001), other EMPRs done for the South Coast region and drawns on ERM’swide range of experience conducting environimental assements for seismicsurveys. Fisheries specialist, David Japp, was commissioned to update theenvironmental baseline description for the Algoa/ Gamtoos block.Curriculam Vitae of the environmental assessment practitioners and fisheriesspecialist are attached in Part C.1.2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT FOR AN EMPRAn EMPR is required in terms of the Minerals and Petroleum ResourcesDevelopment Act (Act 28 of 2002) (MPRDA) for each exploration right that isgranted by PASA. As such, this EMPR follows on from NewAGE’ssubmission of an Exploration Right Application and PASA’s acceptancethereof for the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block.Section 52 of the MPRDA Regulations require that the EMPR contain thefollowing:• a description of the affected environment;• an assessment of the potential impacts of the proposed exploration activityon the environment, socio-economic conditions and cultural heritage, ifany;• a summary of the assessment of the significance of the potential impacts,and the proposed mitigation and management measures to minimiseadverse impacts and benefits;ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT1-1

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• financial provision, including the determination of the quantum of thefinancial provision and details of the method for providing for thefinancial provision;• planned monitoring and performance assessment of the environmentalmanagement plan;• closure and environmental objectives;• a record of the public participation undertaken and the results;• an undertaking by the applicant regarding the execution of the EMPR.The list of activities requiring environmental authorisation in terms of theNational Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) (NEMA), asamended, from the Department of Environmental Affairs (or provincialdepartments) contained in the GN 544 and GN 545 of 18 June 2010 includeactivities related to the granting of exploration rights and the associatedactivities. The activities are the following:GN 544 Activity 19: “Any activity which requires a prospecting right or renewalthereof in terms of section 16 and 18 respectively of the Mineral and PetroleumResources Development Act 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002).”GN 545 Activity 21: “Any activity which requires an exploration right or renewalthereof as contemplated in 21. I sections 79 and 81 respectively of the Mineral andPetroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002).”These sections of GN 544 and GN545 have however, not yet commenced, andhence, the seismic surveys, including the environmental aspects, are regulatedsolely by the MPRDA with PASA as the decision-making authority. Theseismic surveys do not trigger any additional listed activities within GN 544,545, 546. Should any further drilling or production activities be required,NewAGE would have to apply for authorisation in terms of the EIARegulations and apply for further rights in terms of the MPRDA. Additionalpublic consultation activities will be required in terms of both pieces oflegislation.1.3 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY1.3.1 Summary Description of Seismic SurveysSeismic surveys are carried out in the investigation of sub-sea geologicalformations during marine prospecting exploration. High level, low frequencysounds are directed towards the seabed from near-surface sound sourcestowed by a ship. Signals reflected from geological discontinuities below thesea floor are recorded by towed hydrophones and analyses of the returnedsignals and times allow for interpretation of sub-sea geological formations.The vessel travels along transects of a prescribed grid covering the entiresurvey area firing the sound source at approximately 6-20 second intervals.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT1-2

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKBecause of the high cost of seismic surveys and the need to hold a steadycourse while surveying to obtain optimal data quality, an exclusion zone isrequired and it is common practice to make use of a chase boat to assist indirectly warning other shipping traffic that might place the survey at risk.The weather and sea conditions between November and April is mostconducive for the acquisition of high quality data from seismic surveys, andthe scheduling of the seismic surveys to within this window is preferable.Important breeding and migration times for marine fauna and the availabilityof the seismic vessel also impact the preferred timing of individual surveyprograms. The survey is scheduled to begin in November 2011 and to becompleted by April 2012escription of the Prospecting Block.The Algoa/Gamtoos Block is located offshore between Jeffery’s Bay in thewest and Kenton-on-sea in the east and stretches from the shoreline to amaximum of approximately 100 km offshore at Vanstanden’s River Mouth.The proposed 1277.25 m 2 survey block is located in the eastern portion of theAlgoa/Gamtoos Block (Figure 1.1), within Algoa Bay and stretches fromapproximately 25 km offshore (near Bird Island) to approximately 80 kmoffshore. NewAGE intends to undertake 3D seismic surveys along seismiclines in a 500 m 2 area within the 1277.25 m 2 survey area in water depths ofbetween 100 and 200 m. The exact location of the 500 m 2 area and delineationof the seismic lines within the survey 1277.25 m 2 block are yet to bedetermined therefore this EMPR is developed to address potentialenvironmental or social impacts in the entire 1277.25 m 2 survey area.Nearest InfrastructureThe closest portions of the survey block are located approximately 25 km fromthe ports at Port Elizabeth and the Port of Ngqura, to the east and north east ofthe survey block respectively. The N2 and the R72 highways extend parallelto the Algoa Bay coastline to the north of the survey block. The uninhabitedisland of Bird Island lies to the north east and St Croix Island and BrentonIsland lie to the north west of the survey block.The settlements closest to the survey block include Port Elizabeth, Ngqura,Cannonvale, Alexandria, Boesmansriviermond and Kenton-on-sea. Ahelicopter landing pad is located at Port Elizabeth.Location of Other ProjectsNewAge has applied for exploration rights for the Algoa/Gamtoos Block.This block is bordered to the west by a block with exploration rights held byBayfield Energy and Canadian Natural Resources’(CNR) hold the explorationrights to Block 11B/12B to the SW of the Algoa/Gamtoos Block (Figure 1.1 andFigure 1.3). Canadian Natural Resources is evaluating the deep waterpotential for oil and gas within their concession area and have completed two2D seismic surveys and a seabed logging survey (PASA, 2010). Twentyexploration wells have been drilled within the NewAGE Algoa/GamtoosENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT1-3

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKBlock. Eighteen wells have been drilled in Bayfield Energy’s applied forExploration Right Block, and six wells have been drilled in CNR’s ExplorationRight Block 11B/12.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT1-4

Figure 1.1Locality map showing the delineation of the survey block with the Algoa Gamtoos BlockNote: The proposed Addo Elephant MPA shown here (and therefore the buffer area) is based on data available as of September 2010

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKBlock 9 has experienced the most activity on the South Coast with a total of165 wells which have been drilled, 11 of which were oil wells. There isongoing exploration and production within this block along with appraisaland development of oil and gas fields. Within Block 11a, two gas fields wereidentified and a total of 11 wells have been drilled, three of which encounteredgas at commercial production rates. Table 1.1 below summarises previoussurveys undertaken within the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block, which are representedin Figure 1.2.Table 1.1Survey name and years of seismic surveys undertaken in the Algoa/ GamtoosBlockSurvey nameVintageHA74 1974HA75 1975HA76 1976HA78 1978HA81 1981HA82 1982HA83 1983HA85 1985HA87 1987HB74 1974HB75 1975HB76 1976HB83 1983HB84 1984HB85 1985HB86 1986HB89 1989HC74 1974L72 1972L73 1973L74 1974L75 1975HB2001 2001Source: NewAGEENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20101-6

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 1.2Map showing the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block and seismic lines of previous seismicsurveysSource: NewAGE. Please note that blue block refers to a previous seismic acquisition area. Thesurvey block considered in this EMPR is located to the north east of this area.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20101-7

Figure 1.3Map showing the petroleum exploration and production activities in South AfricaSource: PASA, 2010

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK1.3.2 Technical Cooperation Permits (TCP) and Exploration RightsIn 1967, the government of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) granted toSOEKOR (Pty) Ltd (under exploration Lease OP26) the right to explore for oiland gas in the whole of the offshore region of the South African Coast (withthe exception of the area under the now defunct OP8, a five nautical milecoastal strip between Cape Town and the Wilderness). In 1994 the offshoreregion to approximately the 2 000 m isobath was divided into licence blocksnumbered 1 to 18 for licensing acreage for oil and gas exploration tointernational companies.In 1996, the SOEKOR Petroleum Licensing Unit, now the Petroleum Agency ofSouth Africa (PASA), was created with the prime function of attractinginternational exploration companies to prospect for offshore oil and gas. TheOP26 Lease was transferred to the PASA in October 2000.In April 2009, the South African Government awarded a one year TechnicalCooperation Permit (TCP) to NewAge for the Algoa/Gamtoos Block. Asrequired by the TCP, NewAge applied for an Exploration Right (ER) for thesame block prior to expiry of the TCP license. In terms of the ER, NewAge isthe Operator and is required to submit an EMPR for the proposed seismicsurveys before 10 September 2010.Minimum Work ProgrammeContractual minimum work programmeIn terms of the TCP between PASA and NewAGE, the following programmeis to be carried out by NewAge in the Algoa/Gamtoos Block:• amplitude variation with offset study (estimated expenditure US$ 50 000);• hydrocarbon fingerprint study (estimated expenditure: US$ 15 000); and• 3D seismic survey acquisition, processing and interpretation (estimatedexpenditure: US$ 7,000,000).No additional work is anticipated under the three year exploration right.Financial Provision and CompetenceNewAGE is able to demonstrate the adequacy of their financial and technicalresources to complete the seismic survey. Documentation to this effect and aswas submitted as part of the exploration right application, and is included inPart C. In addition, NewAGE will put in place the necessary financialQuanotum of Financial Provision to the amount of the estimated cost formanagement and/ or rehabilitation of potential negative impacts that may beincurred during the proposed seismic survey. NewAGE will negotiate thiswith PASA subsequent to the submission of the EMPR.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20101-9

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKNewAGE will obtain and maintain insurance against, amongst others,pollution damage, damage to property, the cost of removing wrecks or cleanupoperations pursuant to an operational accident, damage to employees andother persons, in accord with good oilfield practice. As is usual due to thelength of time until the start of the seismic surveys in November 2011,NewAGE has not yet obtained this insurance cover for the seismic operations.NewAGE will need to ensure that this insurance is in place prior to theinitiation of the seismic survey and provide these details to PASA as part ofthe detailed notification prior to commencement.1.3.3 Petroleum Agency of South Africa (PASA) Additional RequirementsPASA’s generic EMPR process requires that prior to each seismic survey, anEnvironmental Notification containing full details of the planned survey issent to Interested and Affected Parties (&APs) for comment and subsequentauthorisation by PASA. A copy of each notification will be appended to theEMPR.At the end of each survey an Environmental Close-Out Report will becompiled and a copy submitted to DME and the Petroleum Agency. EachEnvironmental Close-Out Report will be compiled in accordance with theMinerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002)(MPRDA) and associated regulations contained within GN 527 of 2004.1.3.4 Exploration Right Holder DetailsDetails of the holder of the Exploration Right (ER) applicant are given below:(a)TCP holder : NewAGEEffective Date of TCP: 30 April 2009(b)Prospecting Permit Holder or Holders: NewAGEDate of acceptance: 12 May 2010(c)Name of Operator & contact details:New African Global Energy93 Protea Road,1st Floor, De Vries HouseChistelhurstonJohannesburg2196South AfricaPostal Address:ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20101-10

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKPostnet Suite 792Private Bag X9Benmore2010South AfricaContact: Dave LoranEmail. DLoran@newafricanglobalenergy.comTel. +27 (0)11 944 6900(d) Name of South African manager/responsible person: See above.1.4 THE NEED FOR FURTHER HYDROCARBON EXPLORATIONExploration is carried out by international and local companies that enter intoTCPs with the South African government and are awarded exploration rights.The main objective of further exploration is to ensure the optimaldevelopment of the natural oil and gas resources of the Republic of SouthAfrica.Current interest in exploration in South Africa by experienced internationalexploration companies, in the face of a very competitive market forexploration acreage, indicates that the potential exists in the South Africanoffshore for commercial oil and gas discoveries. This will be to the benefit ofboth the country and its people through additional government revenues, jobcreation, more security for the supply of South Africa’s oil and gas productsand its contribution to economic growth.1.5 STRUCTURE OF THIS EMPRThe report comprises three parts, the structure and contents of which issummarised below:Table 1.2Structure of this EMPRSection ChapterChapter 1PART AChapter 2DescriptionGeneral InformationAn introduction to the EMPR and background informationregarding the project and the lease agreementProject Description: IntroductionProvides background and describes the proposed explorationactivities.Chapter 3Description of the Affected EnvironmentDescribes the current baseline conditions of the potentially affectedenvironment.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20101-11

NEWAGE PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKSection ChapterChapter 4DescriptionConsultation with Interested and Affected PartiesAn overview of the consultation process followed in thedevelopment of the EMPR.Chapter 5Socio-economic AssessmentProvides an overview and brief assessment of the socio-economicimpacts associated with the project.Chapter 6Environmental AssessmentProvides an overview and brief assessment of the Environmentalimpacts associated with the project.Chapter 7ConclusionProvides a conclusion ofthe EMPRChapter 8ReferencesProvides a list of referencesPART BPART CEnvironmentalManagement PlanSupportingDocumentationEnvironmental Management PlanA framework tool for the implementation of the mitigationmeasures during the seismic survey.Supporting DocumentationContains supporting and administrative documentationENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20101-12

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES2.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION2.1.1 General Information on Seismic SurveysSeismic surveys are carried out in the investigation of sub-sea geologicalformations during marine oil and gas prospecting. During the seismicsurveys high level, low frequency sounds are directed towards the seabedfrom near-surface sound sources that are towed by a seismic vessel. Signalsreflected from geological discontinuities below the sea floor are recorded bytowed hydrophones. Analyses of the returned signals allow for interpretationof sub-sea geological formations.Figure 2.1Illustration of the principles of offshore seismic acquisition surveysBuoyStreamerAirgunSource: ERM, 2006A seismic vessel travels along transects of a prescribed grid that is carefullychosen to cross any known or suspected geological structure in the area. Thesound source is fired at approximately 6-20 second intervals. The soundwaves are reflected by boundaries between sediments of different densitiesand returned signals are computer processed after being recorded by thehydrophone streamers. During surveying vessels travel at a speed of four tosix knots. The airgun sound source is situation some 300 m behind the vesselat a depth of 5-10 m below the surface.2.1.2 2D and 3D Seismic SurveysSeismic surveys are undertaken to collect either two-dimensional (2D) orthree-dimensional (3D) data. The 2D surveys provide a vertical slice throughthe earth’s crust along the survey trackline. The vertical scales on displays ofsuch profiles are generally in two-way sonic time, which can be converted toENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-13

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKdepth displays by using sound velocity data. 2D surveys are typically appliedto obtain regional data from widely spaced survey grids (tens of kilometres)and infill surveys on closer grids (down to 1 km spacing) are applied toprovide more detail over specific areas of interest such as potentially drillablepetroleum prospects. For a 2D survey the entire seismic array from the towshipto the end of the streamer may be up to 6 000 m or more in length.Advances in position-fixing of the vessel and streamer tail buoys as well ascomputer processing and display has allowed 3D data sets to be obtained. Atypical 3D seismic survey configuration is illustrated in Figure 2.2 andcomprises four components:• a towed airgun array and up to 10 lines of geophones spaced 5 to 10 mapart (Figure 2.2) and between 3 m and 20 m below the water surface. Thearray can be up to 4 500 m long and 1 000 m wide;• a series of towed strings (commonly termed ‘streamers’) of hydrophonestowed behind the survey vessel. Streamer spacing is ~100 m; and• a control and recording system co-ordinating the firing of shots, therecording of returned signals and accurate position fixing.Figure 2.2The configuration of a typical 3D seismic survey operationSource: CCA, 2001The data is gathered as a 3D data set, which can be processed and displayed ina variety of ways. The 3D surveys are typically applied to promisingpetroleum prospects to assist in fault line interpretation, distribution of sandbodies, estimates of oil and gas in place, and the location of boreholes. The 3Ddata are also commonly processed to provide a direct indication of thepresence and distribution of gas.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-14

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKAs data acquisition requires that the position of the survey vessel and thearray be accurately known, seismic surveys require accurate navigation of thesound source over pre-determined survey transects. As a result, the array andthe hydrophone streamers need to be towed in a set configuration behind theseismic vessel, means that the survey operation has little manoeuvrabilitywhile operating, and cannot deviate from the planned seismic lines. Shiptracks in a 3D survey are typically some 450 m apart because of the wideturning circle (~ 6 km) of the vessel and its tow.2.1.3 Sound SourcesSound sources (commonly referred to as ‘airguns’) are underwater pneumaticdevices from which high-pressure air is released suddenly into thesurrounding water (see Figure 2.3). On release of pressure the resultingbubble pulsates rapidly producing an acoustic signal that is proportional tothe rate of change of the volume of the bubble. The acoustic signal propagatesthrough the water and the subsurface and reflections are transmitted back tothe surface. The sound source must be submerged in the water, typically at adepth of 5 to 10 m.The frequency of the signal depends on the energy of the compressed air priorto discharge. Airguns are used on an individual basis (usually for shallowwater surveys) or in arrays. Arrays of airguns are made up of towed parallelstrings of airguns (usually comprised of between 12 and 70 airguns in total).A single airgun could typically produce sound levels of the order of 220-230dB re 1 mPa @ 1m, while arrays produce sounds typically in the region of 250dB re 1 mPa @ 1m. The majority of energy produced is in the 0 - 120 Hzbandwidth, although energy at much higher frequencies is also recorded.High-resolution surveys and shallow penetration surveys require relativelyhigh frequencies of 100-1000 Hz, while the optimum wavelength for deepseismic work is in the 10-80 Hz range.Figure 2.3A typical marine AirgunSource: OGP/IAGC 2002.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-15

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKThe airgun can be used as a single unit or as an array. The airguns (S1 & S2 inFigure 2.4) are normally towed between 50 m and 100 m behind the seismicvessel, either individually or as an array of up to six airguns (see Figure 2.4).Figure 2.4Figure Diagram representing 3D seismic survey outlaySource: ERM, 2006One of the required characteristics of a seismic shot is that it is of shortduration (the main pulse is usually between 5 and 30 milliseconds). The mainpulse is followed by a negative pressure reflection from the sea surface ofseveral lower magnitude bubble pulses. Although the peak levels during theshot may be high the overall energy is limited by the duration of the shot.2.1.4 Recording EquipmentSignals reflected from geological discontinuities below the sea floor arerecorded by hydrophones mounted inside streamer cables. Hydrophones aretypically made from piezoelectric material encased in a rubber plastic hose.This hose containing the hydrophones is called a streamer. A typical marinestreamer containing hydrophones is illustrated in Figure 2.5. The reflectedacoustic signals are recorded and transmitted to the seismic vessel forelectronic processing. Analyses of the returned signals allow for interpretationof subsea geological formations.The length of streamers can range from 2000 m to 8000 m. A 2D surveyinvolves only one length of streamer towed behind the vessel, while 3Dsurveys typically involve an array of up to 16 streamers, spaced 50 m to 100 mapart.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-16

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 2.5A Typical Marine Streamer Containing HydrophonesSource: ERM, 20062.1.5 Noise, Waste Emissions and DischargesAtmospheric emissionsAir emissions would be generated by combustion of diesel fuel to power theseismic vessel. The airemissions from the survey and support vessels wouldbe no greater than that from any other vessel of a similar tonnage.Depending on how the vessel contracted for the survey is fitted, certain typesof non-hazardous waste may be incinerated onboard the vessel. Theincineration of any waste onboard would release soot as well as minoramounts of air pollutants (CO, CO2). If the vessel did not have an incineratoron-board waste would be transported ashore for disposal.Discharges into the seaAll survey vessels will comply fully with international agreed standardsregulated under MARPOL 73/78, as well as the South African MarinePollution Act (Act 2 of 1986 -which incorporate MARPOL 73/78 standards)and the Dumping at Sea Control Act. The International Association ofGeophysical Contractors have a ‘no dumping at sea’ policy.Noise emissions (into the Air)The noise emissions from survey vessels above the surface of the sea will beno greater than that from any other vessel of a similar size.2.1.6 Exclusion ZoneUnder the Merchant Shipping Act No 57 of 1951 (Merchant Shipping/Collision Regulations 1996), a seismic survey vessel that is engaged insurveying is defined as a ‘vessel restricted in its ability to manoeuvre’ (seeRule 3: General definitions (g)(ii)). Rule 18 (Responsibilities between vessels:ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-17

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK(c)(ii)) therefore requires that vessels engaged in fishing shall, so far aspossible, keep out of the way of a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.Furthermore, under the Marine Traffic Act No 2 of 1981, a seismic surveyvessel and its array of airguns and hydrophones falls under the definition ofan ‘offshore installation’. As such it is protected by a 500 m safety zone and itis an offence for unauthorised vessel to enter the safety zone. In addition to astatutory 500 m safety zone, a seismic contractor will request a safeoperational limit (that is greater than the 500 m safety zone) that it would likeother vessels to stay beyond. Typical safe operational limits are illustrated inFigure 2.6.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-18

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 2.6Safe operational limit around a 3D seismic survey arraySource: CCA, 2001At least a 500 m exclusion zone will need to be enforced around the seismicvessel at all times and a chase boat will be used for this purpose. A chase boat(small manoeuvrable vessel) will be used to warn off vessels that are in dangerof breaching the exclusion zone.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-19

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFor semi-industrial, industrial and recreational fishers and other relatedactivities, NewAGE will communicate the seismic survey journey plan andexclusion areas well in advance to ensure that the appropriate planning can bedone. NewAGE will develop a a communication plan which will includecommunications with all major fishing stakeholders and other relevantplayers. Notices to mariners will be communicated through the properchannels and NewAGE will inform the harbour/ port masters at PortElizabeth and Ngqura of the exclusion zone.The 3D survey may deploy between four and eight streamers, where anoverlap in seismic lines is required. The seismic vessel may therefore need tosystematically turn and acquire the lines in the form of a spiral. As a result ofthe level of coverage and overlap required during the 3D survey, it is likelythat the exclusion time for all users of this area will be significantly greaterthan for a 2D survey.Figure 2.7Schematic illustrating the movement of a 3D seismic vesselStart3D Seismic Survey PlanNorth4 km exclusionzone aroundseismic vesselSeismic line1234Not to scaleSource: ERM, 2006ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-20

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK2.2 NEWAGE SEISMIC SURVEY2.2.1 Proposed 3D Seismic Survey in the Algoa/ Gamtoos BlockNewAGE has a sub-lease agreement with the PASA for exploration rights inthe Algoa/ Gamtoos Block. The block is located to the south and east of thecity of Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. TheAlgoa/ Gamtoos Block is located offshore between Jeffery’s Bay in the westand Kenton-on-sea in the east and stretches a maximum of approximately 100km offshore at Vanstanden’s River Mouth. The proposed 1277.25 m 2 surveyblock is located in the eastern portion of the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block, withinAlgoa Bay and stretches from approximately 15 km offshore (near Bird Island)to approximately 65 km offshore. The water depths within the survey areavary from 100 – 200 m.NewAGE intends to undertake 3D deep water offshore seismic surveys alongseismic lines in a 500 m 2 area within the identified 1277.25 m 2 block. The exactlocation of the 500 m 2 area and delineation of the seismic lines are yet to bedetermined. The seismic plan (ie the actual sequence in which the seismicvessel will travel along the lines) will depend on a number of variables andmay only be finalised by the seismic contractor.2.2.2 Support OperationsWhile seismic survey tracks are planned (where possible) to avoid submergedobstacles such as fishing gear, once on track a seismic survey vessel towingstreamers is unable to easily change course to avoid smaller, more transientobstacles such as fishing gear/ fish traps and boats. Therefore, support vesselin the form of a ‘sweeper vessel’ and chase boat will accompany the seismicvessel. The ‘sweeper vessel’ will sail ahead of the seismic vessel removingfishing gear and other obstacles from the path of the vessel, or liaising withfishing operators to do so. The chase vessel will also scout ahead to warn anyshipping that might be ignoring radio warnings to exit the exclusion zone.2.2.3 Appointment of Seismic ContractorSpecific seismic survey projects that are undertaken after the submission ofthe EMPR will be recorded as Environmental Notifications appended to theEMPR documentation. Details of the actual operation will be included in theEnvironmental Notifications for these projects.The seismic contractor for this survey has not yet been appointed. Wherepossible, operators should give preference to seismic acquisition contractorsthat are members of the International Association of Geophysical Contractors(IAGC) which requires that members adhere to a strict code of environmentalconduct associated with the following guidelines:• Environmental Management in Oil & Gas Exploration & Production.254 May 1997;ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-21

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• Guidelines for Waste Management 413 Sep 2008;• Environmental Manual for Worldwide Geophysical Operations. PDFformat only IAGC 2001; and• Guidelines for HSE Auditing in the Geophysical Industry. 245 Sep 1996.At this stage no specific contractor or vessel has been contracted for theproposed survey and thus specific details of the seismic survey will only beset when NewAGE has engaged the contractor.The specific details of the survey will be compiled into an EnvuironmentalNotification that will be submitted to the PASA for acceptance. TheEnvuironmental Notification will provide the following details:• Survey location and journey management plan;• Survey schedule and duration;• Vessel specifications;• Certification of contractor and vessel compliance;• Environmental, health and safety plan (including Emergency ResponsePlan); and• Relevant insurances.2.2.4 Employment and Vessel SuppliesAny additional labour for the project will be employed through the seismicacquisition contractor. The size and nature of the crew will depend on the sizeof the vessel, and are expected to consist of between 35 and 50 people onboardat any one time. Highly skilled and experienced crew and seismicoperators are required for the seismic operations. Given the specific technicaland experience requirements the crew is likely to consist of internationalspecialist of various nationalities. On-board marine mammal observers(MMOs) as well as some unskilled and semi-skilled workers may be sourcedfrom South Africa.Vessel supplies, including food and water will likely be loaded at either of thePorts at Port Elizabeth or Ngqura. NewAGE will inspect the seismic vesselbefore the start of the seismic acquisition activities. Fuel and lubricants usedduring the seismic acquisition period will likely be purchased at PortElizabeth or Ngqura.Bunkering of the seismic survey vessel is expected to be undertaken at thePort of Port Elizabeth or the Port of Ngqura with no requirement for refuellingwhile at sea.2.2.5 NewAGE’s Environmental policy and monitoringNewAGE’s environmental policy (included in Part C) states that they arecommitted to:ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-22

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• Pursuing the goal of no harm to people;• Protecting the environment;• Using materials and energy efficiently;• Managing the health, safety and environmental matters as any othercritical business activity; and• Promoting a culture in which all NewAGE employees and contractorsshare this commitment.The environmental policy also states that every NewAGE operation shouldhave a systematic approach to health, safety and environmental managementto ensure compliance with the law and to achieve continuous improvementsof performance. The policy requires that projects establish and measuretargets for improvement and continuously appraise performance. Contractorsare also required to manage health, safety and environmental matters in linewith NewAGE’s Policy.All operations conducted by NewAGE will be conducted in accordance withthe requirements of this EMPR. Monitoring and performance assessment willbe undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Mineral andPetroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002) (MPRDA) andrelevant government regulations.2.3 NO PROJECT OPTIONSeismic surveys form an essential basis for hydrocarbon explorationcampaigns. Without this being undertaken by exploration companies the onlyother alternative would be to discontinue any future exploration for oil ornatural gas.The no project option would only be considered after a careful assessment ofthe likely impact related to a specific area and the type of survey planned.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20102-23

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3 DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT3.1 INTRODUCTIONThe South Coast of South Africa stretches between Cape Agulhas (34° 35 S,20° 00E) and Cape Padrone (33° 45S, 26° 30'E) (Figure 3.2). The region isdominated by the Agulhas Bank, a roughly 116,000 km 2 triangular extensionof the continental shelf, extending over 10° of longitude to some 250 kmoffshore at its widest point at approximately 21° 00’ E. The Agulhas Bankrepresents a transition zone between the warm Agulhas Current waters to theeast, and the cool waters of the Benguela system to the west. The easternmargin of the Bank is strongly influenced by the Agulhas Current.The coastline is characterized by a number of capes separated by shelteredsandy embayments. The oceanography of the coastal strip is largelydependent on the orientation of the local coastline and bathymetry in relationto prevailing easterly and westerly wind regimes.The Algoa/ Gamtoos Block is located offshore of the South Coast in theEastern Cape Province between Jeffery’s Bay in the west and Kenton-on-sea inthe east and stretches from the shoreline to a maximum of approximately 100km offshore at Vanstanden’s River Mouth. The proposed 1277.25 m 2 surveyblock is located in the eastern portion of Algoa/ Gamtoos Block (Figure 1.1 inSection 1), within Algoa Bay and stretches from approximately 15 km offshore(near Bird Island) to approximately 65 km offshore. NewAGE intends toundertake 3D seismic surveys along seismic lines in a 500 m 2 area within the1277.25 m 2 survey block. The exact location of the 500 m 2 area and delineationof the seismic lines are yet to be determined.3.2 METEOROLOGYThe mid-latitude cyclones generated to the southwest of the country and theSouth Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean high pressure cells are the mainfeatures that affect the weather patterns along the South Coast (Shannon, 1985;Preston-Whyte and Tyson, 1988). The seasonal movement of these systemsboth latitudinally and longitudinally results in seasonal wind variations alongthe South Coast. The northward movement and weakening of the highpressuresystems during winter result in the northward movement of the beltof easterly-moving mid-latitude cyclones to the south of the country. Thiscauses the frontal systems and their associated westerly winds to moveoverland, affecting coastal wind patterns (Heydorn and Tinley, 1980;Schumann, 1998).Associated with the mid-latitude cyclones are shallow low-pressure systems(coastal lows) that move around the coast from west to east ahead of thefrontal systems (Heydorn and Tinley, 1980). These may alter windsENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-24

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKsignificantly as they pass through the area, producing hot offshore winds,followed by colder W to SW winds (Schumann, 1998). Table 3.2 depictsseasonal wind roses for the eastern and western half of the South Coast, andshows that westerly winds predominate in winter, with a marked increase ineasterly directions in summer (Jury, 1994) resulting in roughly similarstrength/frequency of east and west winds during that season.Gale force winds are most frequent in winter (Table 3.1), while calm periodsare most common in autumn (CSIR and CCA, 1998). The strongest winds areobserved at capes, including Agulhas, Infanta, Cape Seal, Robberg and CapeRecife (Jury and Diab, 1989). Jury (1994) notes that the coast from 22 - 23° Eexperiences relatively light winds compared to Cape Agulhas, Cape St Francisand the shelf edge.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-25

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 3.1Winter and Summer wind roses for the eastern and western halves of theSouth CoastSource: Jury et al, 1994; based on ships’ data3.3 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHYImportant physical and biological processes that occur on the Agulhas Bank,and which effect the physical oceanography within the survey block aresummarized in Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.2. The western Agulhas Bank(particularly its inshore region) is viewed as forming part of the Benguelaupwelling system, while the eastern Agulhas Bank is directly influenced bythe warm western boundary of the Agulhas Current. The oceanography of theinshore coastal strip is largely dependent on local coastline and bathymetricorientation to prevailing easterly and westerly winds (Boyd and Shillington,1994) (Table 3.1).ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-26

Figure 3.2Location and Bathymetry of the South CoastSource: Redrawn from Dingle et al, 1987 in CCA, 2001

Figure 3.3Important biological and physical processes that take place on the South CoastSource: Hutchings, 1994

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKTable 3.1Percentage frequency of gale force winds (>18m/ s) and calms offshore alongthe South CoastWestern HalfEastern HalfCalm Gales Calm GalesAutumn 4 1.8 2 2.4Winter 3.1 4.8 3.5 4.9Spring 1.9 2.9 2.4 3Summer 1.6 2 2.7 1.6Annual 2.6 2.9 3.5 3Source: SADCO, modified from CSIR and CCA (1998)3.3.1 WavesTable 3.2 reports the percentage frequency of wave directions measured atdifferent sites along the South Coast. It shows that the majority of wavesarrive from the SW quadrant (Whitfield et al, 1983), having being generated inthe Southern Atlantic Ocean. These waves dominate wave patterns duringwinter and spring (Carter and Brownlie, 1990). Waves from this direction arelarge, frequently exceeding 6 m (Swart and Serdyn, 1981, 1982) and reachingup to 10 m (Heydorn, 1989). However, easterly wind generated ‘seas’ alsooccur along the South Coast during summer (Heydorn and Tinley, 1980;Heydorn, 1989; Carter and Brownlie, 1990).Table 3.2Percentage frequency of swell direction along the South Coast from3.3.2 TidesDirectionSiteCape Infanta 21-23°E 24-26°EW 10.5 8.1WSW 18 15.8 12SW 18 23.1 23.8SSW 18.5 15.1 11.8S 0.4 9.8 9.9SSE 4.3 5 2.5SE 4.7 4.0 5.5ESE 5 9.4 3E 8.5 8.3 9.8Other directions 12 3.1 21.9 (*)Source: Swart and Serdyn (1981, 1982)Note: * - including calmsTides are semi-diurnal along the South Coast (Schumann, 1998). Althoughtidal range on the Agulhas Bank is approximately 1.5 m (CSIR and CCA,1998), it increases slightly from west to east (Table 3.3). Tides propagate fromwest to east along the South African coast east of Cape Point, so that highwater is earlier to the west than east along the South Coast (Schumann, 1998).Other than in the presence of constrictive topography such as an entrance toenclosed bay or estuary, tidal currents are weak.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-29

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKTable 3.3Tide data (m) for different sites along the South Coast (from SA TideSite MLWS MLWN ML MHWN MHWS HATMossel -0.01 0.25 0.4 1.13 1.41 2.00 2.42BayKnysna 0.11 0.36 0.90 1.16 1.43 1.96 2.31PortElizabeth-0.05 0.29 0.84 1.09 1.35 1.90 2.35LAT - Lowest astronomical tide MHWN - Mean high water neapMLWS - Mean low water spring MHWS - Mean high water springMLWN - Mean low water neapML - Mean levelHAT - Highest astronomical tide3.3.3 Topography and SedimentsThe bathymetry of the South Coast is dominated by the Agulhas Bank (Figure3.2). The continental shelf narrows from 130 nautical miles (250 km) at theapex of the Agulhas Bank to the west to 60 nautical miles to the east in theregion of Algoa Bay (Birch and Rogers, 1973), close to the survey area. Thebathymetry drops steeply at the coast to approximately 50 m, with depth thenincreasing gradually to the shelf break at a depth of 140 m off Port Elizabeth,130 m off Cape St Francis, and 300 m south of Cape Agulhas (Birch andRogers, 1973). The shelf break indents towards the coast on the eastern edgeof the Agulhas Bank between 22 and 26° E, forming the Agulhas ‘bight’(Schumann, 1998).The Alphard Banks, situated south of Cape Infanta, is the major bathymetricfeature on the Agulhas Bank (CSIR and CCA, 1998), although others includethe Agulhas Arch and Alphard Rise (Birch and Rogers, 1973). Depth outsidethe shelf break increases rapidly to more than 1000 m (Hutchings, 1994). Thesediment structure of the South Coast sea floor is depicted in Figure 3.4. Alarge expanse of the mid-shelf of the Agulhas Bank sea floor comprises eitherrock or areas with sparse sediment cover (Birch and Rogers, 1973). There is aninner shelf sediment wedge that extends up to 30 km offshore (Schumann,1998). Inshore on the western half of the South Coast, the inner shelf is rocky,but soft liquid muds are found offshore of this (Birch and Rogers, 1973).Along the eastern half, this soft watery mud is replaced by rock. Althoughmud patches occur inshore east of Cape Infanta and south of Cape Agulhas,the majority of unconsolidated sediment is sand to muddy sand (Birch andRogers, 1973).Figure 3.4 shows the dominant sediment type within the survey block to berock bottomed sea floor.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-30

Figure 3.4Distribution of sediment types along the South CoastSource: CCA, 2001

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.3.4 Water MassesNumerous water masses are found along the South Coast, and also within thesurvey block. Figure 3.5 depicts the temperature-salinity diagram of thesewater masses. The Equatorial Indian Ocean Water (16º C, salinity of 35.1 - 35.3× 10-3) is not clearly identifiable in the Agulhas Current system. The highersalinity water between 15 and 20º C that often intrudes into the AgulhasCurrent from the east (at depths of 150-200 m) is referred to as Sub-tropicalSurface Water. The surface waters are warmer and have lower salinities thanthe layers below, although their characteristics vary due to insolation andmixing (Schumann, 1998). Below the surface water layers is South IndianOcean Central Water. Its upper temperature and salinity limits are 14º C and35.3 × 10 -3 and it is located between 150 and 800 m deep. The deeper waterscomprise, from shallowest to deepest: Antarctic Intermediate Water, NorthIndian Deep Water, North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water(Schumann, 1998).Figure 3.5Temperature-salinity diagram showing characteristics of different watertypes found along the South CoastSource: Schuman, 1998 in CCA, 2001ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-32

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKSchumann (1998) reports that water temperatures within the core AgulhasCurrent may be over 25º C in summer and 21º C in winter (Figure 3.6).Throughout the year, water temperature increases offshore as one approachesthe core waters of the warm Agulhas Current. Inshore, waters are warmestduring autumn (Christensen, 1980). Christensen (1980) also reports that warmwater tongues are found off Cape Recife (near Port Elizabeth) from January toMarch, and Knysna from October to January and during August. Warm wateralso tends to bulge towards Knysna between April and July and duringSeptember (Christensen, 1980).Upwelling of cool water onto the Agulhas Bank, surface heating and limitedsurface upwelling results in strong and persistent thermoclines over the shelf(Figure 3.9). During summer, the thermocline extends inshore, but is brokendown during the cooler and windier winter conditions (Schumann and Beekman, 1984; Boyd and Shillington 1994). Largier and Swart (1987) report thatthese thermoclines are located deeper at the western edge of the South Coast(40-60 m) than at the eastern edge (20-40 m). A temperature anomaly thatoccasionally occurs along the South Coast is the presence of warmer thannormal waters that predominates within the system for a large portion of ayear, as was experienced during 1997.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-33

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 3.6Mean sea-surface temperatures off the South African coastline measuredduring Autumn (April) and Summer (January)Source: Christensen, 1980 in CCA, 20013.3.5 CirculationSurface CurrentsThe surface water circulation of the South Coast is shown in Figure 3.7. TheAgulhas Current dominates water circulation within the South Coast region,being about 100 km wide and more than 1 000 m deep (Schumann, 1998). Ittransports water in a south-west direction with a volume transport of over 60× 106 m3/sec (Gründlingh, 1980). On the eastern half of the South Coast, theAgulhas Current flows along the shelf break at speeds of up to 300 cm/sec.The Algulhas current may diverge inshore of the shelf break south of Still Bay(34° 28'S, 21° 26'E) after which it realigns to the shelf break and flows southsouth westerly direction some 250 km off Cape Agulhas (Heydorn and Tinley,1980). The Agulhas Current may produce large meanders (cross shelfENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-34

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKdimensions of approximately 130 km) which move downstream atapproximately 20 km per day.The Algulhas Current may shed eddies, which travel at around 20 cm/sec andadvect onto the Agulhas Bank (Swart and Largier, 1987). Figure 3.7 showsthat current speeds within these eddies are usually 30 - 60 cm/sec (Boyd andShillington, 1994) although speeds of up to 3 m/sec have been reported (Bang,1970). One of such eddies can be seen to occur within Algoa Bay and thesurvey area where the typical speeds are 25-50 cm/sec, flowing in an anticlockwisedirection.Figure 3.7Schematic of the flow field of near surface currents along the South Coast(measured between November 1982 and January 1992) the surfaceNote: velocity reanges are cm/s and reflect typical valuesSource: Modified from Boyd et al, 1992As the shelf widens, the inner edge of the Agulhas Current may move over theshelf prior to flowing south or southwest off the tip of the shelf at about 20.5°E. A small filament of the Agulhas Current may, however, also follow theshelf edge northwest past Cape Agulhas (Figure 3.8). After detaching from theshelf edge at 20.5° E, the Agulhas Current retroflects (makes a u-turn) andflows eastwards. This typically occurs at about 15° E, although this can alsooccur much further east than this (Schumann, 1998).ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-35

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 3.8Inshore plume of the Agulhas currentSource: CCA, 2001Currents over the inner and mid-shelf (to depths of 160 m) of the South Coastare weak and variable. Eastward flow may be found very close inshore, orjust inshore of the main body of the Agulhas Current (Boyd et al, 1992; Boydand Shillington, 1994). Such eastward flow is very strong off Port Elizabeth.The inshore region just east of Cape Agulhas often has inshore-directedcurrents (Shannon and Chapman, 1983). Along the eastern half of the SouthCoast, currents inshore of the shelf break have variable directions, withvelocities ranging from 25-75 cm/sec midshelf and 10-40 cm/sec nearshore.Boyd and Shillington (1994) note that sea level disturbances propagating in awest to east direction as coastal trapped waves cause reversals in the nearshorecurrent directions.Bottom Currents3.3.6 UpwellingThe little available data show a persistent westward movement of bottomwater (Swart and Largier, 1987). Boyd and Shillington (1994) also report thiswestward flow, but it is possible that short-term current reversals may occur(CSIR and CCA, 1998).Wind-driven upwelling (Figure 3.3) occurs inshore along the South Coast(Schumann, 1998), especially when easterly winds blow during summer(Schumann et al, 1982; Walker, 1986). During such upwelling, 8° C changes intemperatures have been reported within a few hours (Hutchings, 1994). Suchupwelling usually begins at the prominent capes and progresses westwards(Schumann et al, 1982; Schumann et al, 1988). Intensive upwelling of IndianOcean Central Water also occurs periodically over the shelf and shelf edgealong the inner boundary of the Agulhas Current (Figure 3.3) (Schumann,1998).ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-36

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKAlthough eddies and wind may contribute, upwelling is primarily due tofrictional interactions between the Agulhas Current and bottom topography(Hutchings, 1994). During summer, the movement of colder waters onto theshelf results in bottom temperatures 1° C colder than winter (Swart andLargier, 1987). This upwelling is most intense at the eastern boundary of theSouth Coast, where the cold bottom layer breaks the surface. Such shelf edgeupwelling largely defines the strong thermocline topography of the AgulhasBank region. Cold upwelled water over the shelf edge forms the basal layeron the shelf, while intrusive plumes of more saline surface water replenish thewarm mixed water at the surface, resulting in intensive thermo- andhaloclines. These dominate in summer and are broken down throughturbulence in winter.A cool ridge of upwelled water (evident in a shallow thermocline) extends in anortheast – southwest line over the mid-shelf regions inshore of the AgulhasCurrent (Swart and Largier, 1987). This ridge divides the waters of theAgulhas Bank into the two-layered structure in the inshore region and apartially mixed structure in the eastern offshore region and was subsequentlyreported present by Boyd and Shillington (1994). Schumann (1998) reportedthat it is likely that this ridge lies between the shelf-edge upwelling andinshore waters close to the coast. Figure 3.3 indicates that an area of winddrivenupdwelling is located to the west of the survey block within Algoa Bay.3.3.7 Nutrient DistributionsNitrate-nitrogen concentrations in Agulhas Current source water range from7-10M/l, while those of sub-thermocline water may be up to 20M/l (Carteret al, 1987), highlighting that enrichment occurs on the Agulhas Bank (CSIRand CCA, 1998). Probyn and Lucas (1987) report that primary production isnitrogen-limited in the upper layers of the euphotic zone (1) , but light-limitedin the sub-surface chlorophyll maximum layer. However, they also reportthat phosphorous is unlikely to ever be limiting on the Agulhas Bank, exceptat times in the upper part of the chlorophyll maximum layer. During winter,when the water column is well mixed, bottom nutrients mix up and nutrientconcentrations in the surface waters are higher than in summer (CSIR andCCA, 1998).3.3.8 Oxygen ConcentrationBottom waters on the Agulhas Bank have much higher oxygen content thanalong the West Coast north of Cape Point, where bottom waters may at timesbe anoxic. Only localized areas of the South Coast have slightly reducedoxygen levels (Hutchings, 1994).(1) The euphotic zone is the layer of the sea closer to the surface that receives enough light for photosynthesis to occur(Enclopaedia Britannica, 2010)ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-37

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.3.9 TurbidityNatural turbidity and/or suspended sediment concentration measurementsfrom the South Coast are sparse. Suspended sediment distributions withinSouth African nearshore waters range between 5 mg – 5 g/l (Zoutendyk,1985). The higher values are associated with high wave conditions resultingfrom storms, and/or flood-waters.3.4 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - OFFSHORE3.4.1 PlanktonPhytoplanktonBrown (1992) divided the shelf areas of the West and South Coasts into threeregions; West Coast, north of Cape Columbine, the Cape Coast from CapeColumbine to Cape Agulhas and the South Coast, to the east of Cape Agulhas(where the survey block is located) to describe the chlorophyll concentrationsand as a measure of resulting phytoplankton distributions.Brown et al (1991) and Brown (1992) report that ‘chlorophyll a’ concentrationseast of Cape Agulhas, including the survey block, are lower than those alongthe West Coast (Figure 3.9 and Table 3.4). Mean ‘chlorophyll a’ concentrationsmeasured in the surface 30 m of the water column in each of inshore (< 200 mdepth) and offshore (200m 500 m depth) areas in these regions are shown inTable 3.4.Table 3.4Mean concentrations of chlorophyll in the southern Benguela system andSouth Coast region during the period 1971 - 1989Season Coast Mean chlorophyll concentrations (mg/ m 3 )Total shelf Inshore Shelf Offshore ShelfAll year Whole area 1.82 2.28 1.00West coast 2.11 3.32 0.78Cape coast 2.50 3.58 1.43South coast 1.35 1.46 1.00Spring Whole area 2.28 2.50 1.61West coast 4.98 5.41Cape coast 2.93 3.61 2.03South coast 1.43 1.50 1.16Summer Whole area 2.09 2.83 0.93West coast 2.28 3.62 0.79Cape coast 3.39 4.96 1.44South coast 1.06 1.19 0.57Autumn Whole area 2.14 2.50 1.12West coast 2.68 3.94 0.52Cape coast 2.84 3.98 1.56South coast 1.63 1.70 1.16Winter Whole area 1.54 1.84 0.96West coast 1.88 2.75 0.88Cape coast 1.55 1.96 1.14ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-38

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKSeason Coast Mean chlorophyll concentrations (mg/ m 3 )South coast 1.25 1.32 0.92Source: Adapted from Brown, 1992‘Chlorophyll a’ concentrations vary seasonally in the South Coast, and areminimal in winter and summer (

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKIn general, small cells dominate the phytoplankton, with large cells becomingmore important at the shelf break when thermoclines are shallower(Hutchings, 1994). Hutchings (1994) reports that phytoplanktonconcentrations are usually higher along the eastern half of the South Coast,and that phytoplankton in these areas comprise predominantly large cells.Bottom waters close to the seashore contain little, if any, phytoplankton.ZooplanktonSouth Coast zooplankton communities have higher species diversity thanthose along the West Coast (De Decker, 1984). Zooplankton standing stocksare larger (3-6 gC/m 2 ) along the eastern half of the South Coast, close to theproject area, than along the western half of the coast or on the westernAgulhas Bank.Zooplankton is best described by dividing into Mesozooplankton (>200 m)and Macrozooplankton (>1600 m). The South Coast mesozooplankton ischaracterized by high concentrations of the calanoid copepod (Calanusaghulensis) which associates with shallow thermoclines and the mid-shelf coolwater ridge (Verheye, et al, 1994). This species may contribute up to 85percent of copepod biomass in the region, and is an important food source forpelagic fishes, particularly anchovy on the western Agulhas Bank (Peterson etal, 1992). Biomass of mesozooplankton on the Agulhas bank increases fromwest (~0.5-~1.0 gC/m 2 ) to east (~1.0-~2.0 gC/m 2 ), which is attributable to highstanding stocks of chlorophyll a on the eastern Bank. Mean standing stocksare estimated to be 0.61 gC/m 2 between Cape Agulhas and Cape Recife,Verheye (unpublished data, quoted in Hutchings et al, 1991). Peterson andHutchings (1989) recorded copepod standing stocks of 0.2-2.0 gC/m 2 on theSouth Coast, this increasing from west to east.In summer biomass levels of mesozooplankton peak on the central andeastern Agulhas Bank increase in response to upwelling and the resultant thesubsurface ridge of cool water. Populations are dominated by C. agulhensisand overall biomass declines to the east of the upwelling ridge. The older lifestages of C. agulhensis extend westwards and replenish the population of thewestern Agulhas Bank which is preyed on by anchovy. The carrying capacityof the Agulhas Bank may be considerably reduced during the winter monthsdue to lower light intensities and the cooling and water mixing of water whichreduces productivity potential.Macrozooplankton standing stocks are estimated to be 0.079 gC/m 2 betweenCape Agulhas and Cape Recife (Verheye, unpublished data). Little additionalwork has, however, been undertaken on macrozooplankton along the SouthCoast. Aalthough not as abundant as along the West Coast (Verheye et al,1994), euphausiids dominate this zooplankton component and form denseswarms (Cornew et al, 1992). These euphausiids are an important food sourcefor pelagic fishes (Verheye et al, 1994).ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-40

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKIchthyoplanktonThe ichthyoplankton (1) of the South Coast has not been investigatedthoroughly (Hutchings, 1994). Verheye et al, (1994) note the lack of detailedknowledge of early life history stages of fish species on the Agulhas Bank.However, it is known that the entire Agulhas Bank is an important spawningarea for some of the pelagic species (eg anchovy, pilchard, and horsemackerel) caught along the West Coast (Figure 3.3). The western AgulhasBank of the West Coast region is a particularly important spawning area, butfalls outside of the area of consideration for this EMP due to the large distancefrom the survey block.There is a high contribution of the western Agulhas Bank spawning region torecruitment on the West Coast due to transport mechanisms in the form of theCape jet stream. Some of the eggs and larvae spawned further to the east ofthe South Coast may remain on the Agulhas Bank, some may be carried to theWest Coast and the remainder lost at the Agulhas Current retroflection or‘Rings’ (Hutchings, 1994; Duncombe Rae et al, 1992). Pilchards also spawn onthe Agulhas Bank (Crawford, 1980), with adults apparently moving eastwardsand northwards from the eastern border of the West Coast after spawning.Round herring (Roel and Armstrong, 1991) and the cape hake (Merlucciuscapensis) spawns along the South Coast (Shelton, 1986), while spawning ofkingklip (Genypterus capensis) occurs off the shelf edge region to the south of StFrancis and Algoa Bays (Hutchings, 1994).Squid (Loligo spp.) larvae are widely distributed in the inshore (

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKPlettenberg Bay and Algoa Bay, but also within the survey block area (Figure3.10) . These aggregations of adults are a seasonal, reaching a peak inNovember and December at depths of between 20 and 130 m. Juveniles alsooccur widely in waters of less than 50 m, and disperse further offshore intowaters of less than 100 m as they grow to intermediate size, and are likely topass through the survey block.Adults and juveniles are found extensively on the Agulhas Bank out to theshelf edge (500 m depth contour) and decrease in abundance towards theWestern half of the Agulhas Bank, especially between Plettenberg Bay andAlgoa Bay (Augustyn, 1990; Sauer et al, 1992) to the west of the project area.Adults are normally distributed in waters deeper than 100 m except along theeastern half of the South Coast where they occur inshore as well (Augustyn etal, 1994). Squid jigging is further described in Section 3.6.1 below.Deep water rock lobsterThe deep water rock lobster (Palinurus gilchristi) occurs on rocky substrate indepths of 90 to 170 m. The species is fished commercially along the southernCape Coast between the Agulhas Bank and East London. A number of mainfishing grounds are recognised, namely Agulhas Bank (south of CapeAgulhas), the Cape St Francis grounds, the Cape Recife grounds and the BirdIsland grounds (see Section 3.6.1).Cape rock lobster fisheries in the vicinity of the survey block are described inSection 3.6.1 below.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-42

Figure 3.10 Location of squid spawning grounds (detected by trawled eggs between 1985 and 1992)Note: each square represents a 5 x 5 nm blockSource: Augustyn et al, 1994

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.4.3 FishThe South Coast is situated between two large ecosystems, the warm tropicalEast Coast and the cool temperate West Coast resulting in a significantassortment of ichthyofauna diversity in this area. Not only is the South Coasta transition zone between two different current systems but it also contains anarray of different substrate types, namely sand, mud and coral. This mixtureof habitat types further enhances the diversity of benthic fauna and fishspecies. The inshore waters of the Agulhas Bank (Smale et al, 1994), especiallybetween the cool water ridge and the shoreline, act as an important nurseryarea for numerous fish species (Wallace et al, 1984).Marine fish in the South Coast can generally be divided into three differentgroups: pelagic (those species not associated with the sea floor), demersal(those associated with the sea floor) or mesopelagic (fish found generally indeeper water and may be associated with both the sea floor and the pelagicenvironment). The principle commercial species in the pelagic and demersalgroups found along the South African coastline and within the survey blockare described below.Pelagic SpeciesAnchovyThe Agulhas Bank, to the south east of the survey Block, is an importantspawning area for anchovy (Crawford, 1980). Anchovy spawning frequencyon the Algulhas Bank in general is related to availability of prey (copepod),which is higher on the eastern Agulhas Bank and therefore decreases anchovyspawning in these areas. Petersen et al, (1992) note that water to the east isalso too cool (

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKspecies. Sardine is longer-lived than anchovy, reaching up to six years, whileanchovy lives a maximum of three years. The sardine run usually passesthrough the survey block during the winter months (generally May – July).Round HerringRound herring are also reported to spawn along the South Coast (Roel andArmstrong, 1991), with juveniles located inshore but moving offshore withage (Roel et al, 1994; Hutchings, 1994).Horse MackerelAdult horse mackerel are highly abundant on the Agulhas Bank (Hutchings,1994; Smale et al, 1994; CSIR and CCA, 1998), particularly on the eastern edgewhere they are exploited commercially. Juvenile horse mackerel are mostlyfound inshore on the South Coast in the protected bay areas.TunaTuna species found on the South Coast include yellowfin tuna (Thunnusalbacores), bigeye tuna (T. obesus) as well as many of the small tunas such as thebonita (Katsuwonus pelamis) (Smale et al, 1994). These species are caughtextensively on the South Coast, but particularly on the shelf break of theAgulhas Bank.There are many other large pelagic species found on the South Coast,including the billfishes and many shark species.Demersal SpeciesHakeCape hakes (Merluccius capensis), are widely distributed on the Agulhas Bankto 450 m water depth, while the deep water hake (M. paradoxus) are foundfurther offshore in deeper water (Boyd et al, 1992; Hutchings, 1994). Seasonalspawning of M. capensis is reported in the central part of the Agulhas Bank(Hutchings et al 2002, Le Clus et al 2008) and eastern boundary for M.paradoxus (Burmeister 2005). Although little information is available onspawning aggregations on the South Coast, both species (predominantly M.capensis), are thought to spawn offshore between Plettenberg Bay and PortElizabeth, to the west of the project area. Juveniles of both species are foundin the shallow bays areas along the South Coast in depths less than 100 m.SoleThe east coast sole (Austroglossus pectoralis) inhabits the inshore muddy shelfareas between Cape Agulhas and Algoa Bay. These muddy areas are mostlyfound around river mouths and estuaries along the South Coast.KingklipKingklip (Genypterus capensis) is a primary demersal bycatch species, withjuveniles located inshore (although they can be found further offshore on thecentral Agulhas Bank). Adult kingklip are distributed in deeper waters alongENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-45

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.4.4 Turtlesthe entire South Coast, especially on rocky substrate (Japp et al, 1994).Kingklip is generally found in deeper waters than east coast soles (Boyd et al,1992).Several endemic sparid (1) species along the entire South Coast region inhabitrocky reefs (Smale et al, 1994) and soft bottom substrates in shallow waters(

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.4.5 SeabirdsSouth Coast seabirds can be categorized into three categories, ‘breedingresident species’ (Table 3.5), ‘non-breeding migrant species’ (Table 3.6) and‘rare vagrants’ (Table 3.7) (Shaughnessy, 1977; Harrison, 1978; Liversidge andLe Gras 1981 and Ryan and Rose, 1989). Overall, 60 species of seabirds areknown, or thought likely to occur, along the South Coast. Thirteen speciesbreed within the South Coast region, including Cape gannets (Algoa Bayislands), African penguins, gannets (Algoa Bay islands), Cape cormorantsgannets (a small population at Algoa Bay islands and mainland sites),whitebreasted cormorant, Roseate tern (Bird and St Croix Islands), Damaratern (inshore between Cape Agulhas and Cape Infanta), Swift term (StagIsland) and kelp gulls (Table 3.5 lists their scientific names and conservationstatuses).Seabird numbers in colonies are well documented, although there are fewestimates of seabird densities at sea over the Agulhas Bank. On the AgulhasBank sea-birds target fish shoals intensively at times. The anchovy andpilchard form important prey items for Agulhas Bank seabirds, particularlythe Cape Gannet (Morus capensis), the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus)and, closer inshore, the different cormorant (Phalacrorax) species.Abundance of birds species on the Agulhas Bank increases in winter with themore northward passing of the frontal systems and northward displacementof the sub-antarctic convergence zone.Most of these species feed on fish (with the exception of the gulls, whichscavenge, and feed on molluscs and crustaceans). Feeding strategies can begrouped into surface plunging (gannets and terns), pursuit diving(cormorants and penguins) and scavenging and surface seizing (gulls andpelicans). All these species feed relatively close inshore, although gannets andkelp gulls may feed further offshore.African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) colonies occur at 27 localities aroundthe coast of South Africa and Namibia. Those in the South Coast region arelocated in the Algoa Bay region at Cape Recife, St Croix Island, Jaheel island,Bird Island Seal Island, Stag Island and Brenton Rocks. Bird Island and StCroix Island are grouped together with four other islands and managed as theAlgoa Bay Island Reserve. These six Algoa Bay islands currently contain 43percent of the global population of the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus),the majority of which are on St Croix, and therefore important habitat forAfrican penguins. St Croix also holds a locally significant breedingpopulation of the Cape cormorant (Phalacrocorax capensis). Bird Island is oneof only six breeding sites in the world for the Cape gannet (Morus capensis). Inaddition, the kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) and the African black oystercatcher(Haematopus moquini) are found throughout the Algoa Bay complex.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-47

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKSt Croix Island and Bird Island are located 15 km to the north west andapproximately 10 km to the north east of the survey block.African penguins also forage at sea, and most birds are found within 20 km ofthe coast. African penguins mainly consume pelagic shoaling fish speciessuch as anchovy, round herring, horse mackerel and pilchard and theirdistribution is consistent with that of the pelagic shoaling fish, which occurwithin the 200 m isobath and therefore within the survey block.Table 3.5Breeding resident seabirds found on the South Coast and their conservationstatusCommon Name Scientific Name Conservation StatusAfrican penguin Spheniscus demersus A(SC), SA(V), WCNC rCape gannet* r Morus capensis AC, WCNC rGreat cormorantPhalacrocorax carboCape cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis WCNC(A)Bank cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus A(NT), WCNC rCrowned cormorant* Phalacrocorax coronatus A(NT), WCNC rKelp gull** Larus dominicanus WCNC(A)Greyheaded gullLarus cirrocephalusHartlaub's gull* Larus hartlaubii WCNC(A)Caspian tern Sterna caspia SA r, WCNC rSwift tern** Sterna bergii WCNC(A)Roseate tern Sterna dougalii SA(E), WCNC rDamara tern* Sterna balaenarum A r, SA r, WCNC rSource CSIR and CCA, 1998A = Listed in red data book for AfricaE = Endangered populationNT = Near threatenedSA = Listed in red data book for South AfricaSC = Species of special concernV = VulnerableWCNC = Red or amber species in Western Cape ProvinceWCNC r = Provincial Red Data ListWCNC(A) = Provincial Amber Listr = Rare* = Species endemic to southern Africa** = Subspecies endemic to southern AfricaTable 3.6Species list of regular, non-breeding visiting seabirds found along the SouthCoast.Common NameWandering albatrossShy albatrossScientific NameDiomedea exulansDiomedea cautaENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-48

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKCommon NameBlackbrowed albatrossGreyheaded albatrossYellownosed albatrossSouthern giant petrelNorthern giant petrelAntactic fulmarPintando petrelGreywinged petrelSoftplumaged petrelKerguelen petrelBlue petrelBroadbilled prionSlenderbilled prionWhitechinned petrelGrey petrelCory's shearwaterGreat shearwaterSooty shearwaterLittle shearwaterEuropean storm petrelWilson's storm petrelWhitebellied petrelLeach's storm petrelGrey phalaropeArctic skuaLongtailed skuaPomarine skuaSubantarctic skuaSabine's gullSandwitch ternCommon ternArctic ternAntarctic ternScientific NameDiomedea melanorphrysDiomedea chrysostomaDiomedea ChlororhynchosMacronectes giganteusMacronectes halliFulmarus glacialoidesDaption capensisPterodroma macropteraPterodroma mollisLugensa brevirostrisHalobaena caeruleaPachyptila vittataiPachyptila belcherProcellaria aequinoctialisProcellaria cinereusCalonectris diomediaPuffinus gravisPuffinus griseusPuffinus assimilisHydrobates pelagicusOceanites oceanicusFregatta grallariaOceanodroma leucorhoaPhalaropus fulicariusStercorarius parasiticusStercorarius longicaudusStercorarius pomarinusCatharacta antarticaLarus sabiniSterna sandvicensisSterna hirundoSterna paradisaeaSyerna vittataSource: CSIR and CCA (1998)Table 3.7Species list of rare or vagrant seabirds recorded from the South CoastCommon NameRockhopper penguinMacaroni penguinRoyal albatrosSooty albatrosFreshfooted shearwaterManx shearwaterBlackbellied stormpetrelGreater frigatebirdSouth pola skuaSooty ternCommon noddy (tern)Scientific NameEudyptes chrysocomeEudyptes chrysolophusDiomedea eupomophoraPhoebetria fuscaPuffinus carneipesPuffinus puffinusFregatta tropicaFregata minorCatharacta maccormickkiSterna fuscataAnous stolidusSource: CSIR and CCA (1998)ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-49

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.4.6 Marine mammalsThe marine mammal fauna of the South Coast comprises between 35 and 38species of cetaceans (whales and dolphins) and one seal species, the Cape furseal (Arctocephalus pusillus) (Findlay, 1989; Findlay et al, 1992: Ross, 1984;Peddemors, 1999). The range in number of cetacean species reflects ataxonomic uncertainty at species and sub-species level, rather than uncertaintyof occurrence or distribution patterns (summarised in Table 3.8 and Table 3.9and illustrated in Figure 3.11).CetaceansThe majority of migratory cetaceans in South African waters are large baleenwhales. Populations of large baleen whales in South African waters weredecimated by historical whaling and are presently a fraction of their preexploitationdensities. Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), fin whale (B.physalus), sei whale (B. borealis), minke whale (B acutorostrata / B bonaerensis)and humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) make winter migrationsthrough the South Coast region en route from Antarctic summer feedinggrounds to winter breeding grounds.While blue, fin and sei whales migrate off or along the continental shelf edge(and are thus distributed in deeper waters), humpback whales migrate overthe continental shelf and along the coast. Two types of Bryde’s whales arerecorded from South African waters (Best, 1977) - a smaller neritic form (ofwhich the taxonomic status is uncertain) and a larger pelagic form describedas Balaenoptera brydei. While the smaller neritic form is resident (particularlyover the Agulhas Bank) the larger offshore form is migratory. Southern rightwhales (Eubalaena australis) migrate into the near-shore region of the SouthCoast between June and November each year (although animals may besighted as early as April and as late as January). This population is increasingat approximately 7 percent per annum, yet is still probably around 12 percentof the initial abundance. The distribution of southern right whales sightedalong the coast during annual surveys carried out between 1969 and 1985 isshown in Figure 3.12 (after Best, 2000). Killer whales are found year round inthe waters of the South Coast, although the seasonality of sightings in thewhaling grounds (in September and October) suggests that some killer whalesare highly migratory (Findlay, 1989). The pygmy right whale (Capereamarginata) shows strong summer seasonality in water depths of less than 50 malong the coast between Algoa Bay in the east and Walvis Bay, Namibia.Arnoux’s beaked whale (Berardius arnuxii) has been recorded along the Westand South Coasts between 18 and 25° E during summer.Layard’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon layardii) is distributed throughout theSouth Coast pelagic waters in summer and early autumn. Five faunalprovinces define the distribution of resident cetaceans within the South Coastregion (Figure 3.11). These include:ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-50

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKSouth and East Coast Extreme Inshore (False Bay to Punta do Ouro) - BothIndo Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and the smaller bottlenosedolphin (Tursiops truncatus aduncus) occur in extreme inshore waters to theeast of False Bay.Agulhas Bank - Two species, the longbeaked common dolphin (Delphinusdelphis) and the resident smaller inshore Bryde’s whale appear to be stronglyassociated with the Agulhas Bank region and the West Coast inshore region asfar north as Lambert’s Bay. Although these will be found elsewhere insouthern African waters (the common dolphin will follow the sardine run intoKwaZulu-Natal waters and is recorded from strandings on the Namibiancoast) the majority of records are from the Agulhas Bank region.South Coast Offshore - Two pelagic species of cetacean, True’s beaked whale(Mesoplodon mirus) and the dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima), appear to belimited to the south coast offshore region between Cape Columbine and theEastern Cape, which includes the survey area. A further two species, Gray’sbeaked whale (Mesoplodon grayii) and the long finned pilot whale (Globicephalamelas), appear to be limited to the south coast offshore region betweenNamibia and the Eastern Cape. These species are found in deep waterselsewhere in the world and apart from the pilot whale are recorded only asstrandings on the South African coast.Agulhas Current Species - The movement of warm Agulhas Current waterinto the South Coast region results in warm water species in the region.Southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons) and striped dolphin(Stenella coeruleoalba) appear to be associated with Agulhas Current water offthe South Coast and may therefore occur in the survey block. Two furtherpelagic species, Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) and shortfinned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) are recorded as strandings onthe South Coast. These species have warm water pelagic distributionselsewhere in the world.Cosmopolitan - Killer whales (Orcinus orca) and minke whales (possiblyBalaenoptera acutorostrata) are found in both continental shelf and offshorewaters of the South Coast. Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris), pygmysperm whales (Kogia breviceps), False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens),pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata), Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus), andsperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are found throughout the offshorewaters of the South Coast. The Shortbeaked common dolphin (Delphinuscapensis) probably occurs in the offshore region of the South Coast. All of thecosmopolitan species may occur within the survey block.Table 3.8Whale and dolphin species found along the South CoastCommon name Scientific name DistributionMigratory cetaceansENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-51

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKCommon name Scientific name DistributionSouthern right whaleHumpback whaleMinke whaleBlue whaleSei whaleFin whaleEubalaena australisMegaptera novaeangliaeBalaenoptera acutorostrataBalaenoptera musculusBalaenoptera borealisBalaenoptera physalusExtreme inshoreTransit inshoreCosmopolitanTransit offshoreTransit offshoreTransit offshorePossibly migratory cetaceansPygmy right whaleStrap-toothed whaleBryde’s whaleArnoux’s beaked whaleCaperea marginataMesoplodon layardiiBalaenoptera brydeiBerardius arnuxiiCetaceans resident on the Agulhas BankBottlenose dolphinTursiops aduncusIndo-Pacific humpback dolphin Sousa chinensisLongbeaked common dolphin Delphinus delphisKiller whaleOrcinus orcaBryde's whaleBalaenoptera brydei?Possible extreme inshoreSouth Coast offshoreOffshoreSouth coast offshoreExtreme InshoreExtreme InshoreExtreme Inshore, Agulhas BankCosmopolitanAgulhas BankCetaceans resident in pelagic waters offshore of the Agulhas BankKiller whaleRisso's dolphinStriped dolphinSpotted dolphinFraser's dolphinFalse killer whalePygmy killer whaleLong-finned pilot whaleOrcinus orcaGrampus griseusStenella coeruleoalbaStenella attenuateLagenodelphis hoseiPseudorca crassidensFeresa attenuateGlobicephala melasCosmopolitanOffshoreAgulhas CurrentAgulhas CurrentAgulhas CurrentOffshoreOffshoreSouth Coast OffshoreShort-finned pilot whale G. macrorhynchus Agulhas CurrentMelonheaded whalePeponocephala electra Agulhas CurrentSperm whalePhyseter macrocephalus OffshorePygmy sperm whaleKogia brevicepsOffshoreKogia simaSouth Coast OffshoreDwarf sperm whaleHyperoodon planifrons Agulhas CurrentSouthern bottlenose whaleZiphius cavirostris OffshoreCuvier's beaked whaleMesoplodon densirostris Agulhas CurrentBlainville's beaked whaleMesoplodon grayi South Coast OffshoreGray's beaked whaleMesoplodon mirus South Coast OffshoreTrue's beaked whaleMesoplodon hectori South Coast OffshoreHector's beaked whaleDelphinus capensis OffshoreShortbeaked common dolphinTursiops truncatus OffshoreBottlenose dolphinSource: CCA, 2001ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-52

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 3.11Distribution of resident cetacean species (to 200 nm extent of the EEZ)Source: CCA, 2001Note: the South Coast offshore and Cosmopolitan species extend to 200 nm limit of the EEZ3 – South Coast Offshore; 4 – Algulhas Temperate; 5 – South and East Coast inshore; 6 –Agulhas BankENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-53

Table 3.9Whale species recorded in whaling grounds on the southern African coast and modality of catches. U= unimodal, B = bi-modalSpeciesBlue whaleFin whaleSei whaleHumpback whaleLocalityCape Walvis Bay Angola Gabon KwaZulu Natal MozambiqueU Scarce None prior to 1913U / B U U U (Jun – Aug)U (Apr – Jun)Through-out season ScarceB (May-Jun; Oct-Nov) UU (Jul)UB BB (May: Aug-Oct) U U UU (Sep-Oct) (1958-1962)B (May-Jun; Sep (1963)B B (Jun/Jul-Sep) U (Aug)‘Touch coast to theB (Jul; Oct) U (Jul-Aug) B (Jul – Sep)north of Cape Town’B (Jul – Sep)B (Jul – Sep)

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 3.12Distribution of southern right whale (cows and cow and calf pairs) recordedon the South Coast from October 1969 - 1998Source: Best, 2000SealsCape fur seals were heavily exploited up until the late nineteenth century inSouth African waters. After 1900 seals were harvested from certain coloniesalmost every year up until 1983, during which an estimated 2.5 million pupsand bulls were harvested. The population has shown a rapid increase since the1940’s and in 1984 the population was thought to be some 1.1 million animalsand increasing at about 3.7 percent per annum (1971 to 1984). In 1990, anestimated 2,000,000 seals were distributed around the southern African coastENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-55

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK(Butterworth and Wickens, 1990), although numbers fluctuate. The increase ispresumed to reflect the population’s natural response to past overexploitation.The Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) is the only seal species thathas breeding colonies along the coast. Three colonies are found along theSouth Coast, one at Seal Island in Mossel Bay, one in Plettenberg Bay on thenorthern shore of the Robberg Peninsula and one at Black Rocks in Algoa Bay(Figure 3.13).The size of the population of Cape fur seals between False Bay and Algoa Bayin 1989 was estimated at 134,000 animals (1) , although the Robberg colony wasnot established at this time. Although a northward and westward movementof seals has been shown on the West Coast, the movement of seals from thethree South Coast colonies are poorly known. Limited tracking of Algoa Bayanimals has suggested these seals to be feeding in the inshore region south ofCape Recife (south east of Port Elizabeth) and are therefore likely to occur andswim through the waters of the survey block.Figure 3.13Distribution of seal colonies on the South CoastSource: Wickens et al, 19923.5 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - NEAR-SHORE REGIONThis section discusses the coastal region of the South Coast, including theintertidal (defined as the zone between the low water spring and high waterspring tide marks) and shallow (

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.5.1 Rocky Shores3.5.2 Sandy Shoresapproximately 730 km long, and is characterised by a number of capes,namely Cape Agulhas, Cape Infanta, Cape Seal, Cape Robberg and CapeRecife separated by sheltered sandy embayments such as Algoa Bay, StFrancis Bay, Plettenberg Bay, Mossel Bay and St Sebastian Bay. The nearshoreregion comprises mainly sandy beaches, wave-cut rocky platforms andexposed rocky headlands, although estuarine habitat and pebble beaches arealso present (Jackson and Lipschitz, 1984).Although the seismic block is located offshore (the minimum distance to thesehabitats from the seismic block is approximately 10 km from Bird Island and25 km from the mainland), a brief description of baseline condition of thenearshore environment have been included to provide information on thegreater context of the project site.Approximately 60 percent of the South Coast is comprised of rocky shores,with 57 percent of this total being exposed rocky headlands, with theremainder comprising wave-cut rocky platforms (Jackson and Lipschitz,1984). The South Coast rocky intertidal fauna is more diverse than that alongthe West Coast or East Coast due to the presence of species of both tropicaland temperate origins. Important species include three species of rockmussels, black rock mussel (Choromytilus meridionalis), brown mussel (Pernaperna) and the alien Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), barnacles(eg volcano barnacle Tetraclita serrata and eight-shell barnacle Octomerisangulosa), limpet species (eg Patella granularis, P. cochlear, P. logicosta), red bait(Pyura stolonifera), and reef worm Gunnarea (Branch et al, 1994).Some 38 percent of the South Coast comprises sandy beaches (Jackson andLipschitz, 1984). The sandy beaches of the region are generally high energyand unstable environments, and despite having low diversity, biomass may behigh. Dominant species include white mussel Donax serra, which dominatessandy beach faunal biomass, D. sordidus, smooth plough shell (Bulliarhodostoma), finger plough snail (Bullia digitalis), and pure plough snail (B.pura) (Branch et al, 1994). Sheltered beaches are often rich in polychaeteworms and small crustaceans. The surf zones off sandy beaches are alsoimportant nursery areas for a variety of fish species.3.5.3 Shallow SubtidalShallow subtidal soft sediment communities are relatively simple, containingfew species of large organisms, although the most common ones may be veryabundant. Important shallow subtidal organisms include smooth ploughsnail (Bullia rhodostoma), pure plough snail (B. pura), finger plough snail (Bulliadigitalis) and three-spot swimming crab (Ovalipes trimaculatus) (Branch et al,1994). Vertebrates are also present, including both teleost (eg white steenbrasLithognathus lithognathus) and chondrichthyan (eg skates, rays and sandsharks)ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-57

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.5.4 Estuariesspecies. Communities inhabiting shallow reefs are more diverse, includingthe short subtidal kelp (Ecklonia radiate), perlemoen (Haliotis midae) andnumerous other grazers (eg chitons, some teleosts), filter feeders (eg red baitPyura stolonifera), deposit feeders (eg sea cucumbers), invertebrate predators(eg octopus, whelks, crabs) and vertebrate predators (eg teleosts andchondrichthyans) (Branch et al, 1994).Jackson and Lipschitz (1984) depict 36 estuarine systems along the SouthCoast, of which 15 are permanently open. The latter 15 are importantrecruitment sites for some inshore linefish species, while some of the estuarinesystems are important roosting and breeding sites for estuarine birds.The Damara tern, the rarest breeding seabird in South Africa, has itsstronghold inshore between Cape Agulhas and Cape Infanta (CSIR and CCA,1998). The Heuningnes estuary, located within the De Mond Nature Reserve(500 m to the west of the project site), is a Ramsar site (Cowan, 1995).The estuaries closest to the survey block is the Gamtoos and is located 25 kmto the north of the survey area.3.6 HUMAN UTILISATION3.6.1 Fisheries and Other HarvestingMany commercially important fish species are found off the South Coast (Jappet al, 1994; Hutchings, 1994) and support a number of different fisheries.These fisheries are separated into distinct sectors, but can be categorised ascrustacea, squid and finfish. A schematic representation of the gear utilisedby each fishery is illustrated in Figure 3.14.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-58

Figure 3.14Schematic representation of fishing gear commonly deployed by South African fleet on the South Coast, including(from left toright) bottom trawl(demersal species), purse seine (pelagic species), bottom longline (hake and kingklip) and bottom trap (SouthCoast rock lobster)Source: van Dalsen, MCM

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKCrustacean FisherySouth Coast rock lobsters (Palinurus gilchristi) are endemic to the southerncoast of South Africa, where they occur on rocky substrata at depths of 50-200m. The fishery operates between East London and Cape Agulhas and up to250 km offshore and fishing gear is restricted to long-lines with traps (Figure3.15). Long-lines (between 20-30 km long) are anchored to the seafloor withabout 100 - 200 traps attached at approximately ten fathoms apart. A thickanchor line that is marked at the surface by a string of between five and sixlarge floats anchors these lines and traps. Once lines and traps are set, theyare often left unattended for a few days, giving time to ‘soak’ before they areretrieved. Note that gear left unattended can easily be fouled by towedequipment or surface navigation. The setting and hauling of the gear is a slowand time-consuming process, often taking a full day. At such times lobstervessels are not only restricted in their manoeuvrability but the passage ofother vessels are also restricted, therefore presenting potential problems toany surface or bottom survey.Presently no more than six boats operate in the fishery, catching a quota ofabout 363 t (tail mass) for the 2008/2009 season. Areas fished are limited andthe grounds often company-specific with a Total Allowable Effort of 2675 seadays per year. The main areas are in the 100 - 200 m depth range and mostlyon the eastern perimeter of the Agulhas Bank where specific grounds exist offPlettenberg Bay and Port Elizabeth (Figure 3.16). The survey block is locatedwithin the lobster grounds and lobster fishing operations conducted from PortElizabeth are ongoing within the survey block. In the area of Algoa Bay andseawards to the 200 m bathymetric contour, deep-water lobster traps areregularly set in specific areas. Note also that the fishery in the area focuses on‘live’ lobster so vessel activity is more frequent and short-term in nature.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-60

Figure 3.15Rock lobster (trap) fishing grounds in the area around the seismic blockSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

Figure 3.16Distribution of effort in the deep-water rock lobster (trap) fishery in the area around the seismic blockSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here. Thedarker area, the higher the intensity of fishing

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKSquid (chokka) FisherySquid is an important resource for a jigging fishery, with annual catchesvarying between 3000 and 6500 tonnes between 1990 and 2009. Major squidjigging areas are inshore along the eastern half of the South Coast (Figure 3.17).The survey block is located within these areas.Any survey activity in the region, particularly in areas under 50 m waterdepths and bays extending from Mossel Bay eastwards to Port Alfred, arelikely to encounter squid jiggers. Such operations are however seasonal withpeak squid jigging occurring from October through to March and seasonalclosure for the month of November. There is also a small drift fishery forsquid offshore, but this is not expected to interact with seismic surveys. Squidis also caught as a by-catch species by demersal trawlers.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-63

Figure 3.17Distribution of squid jigging areas close to the project siteSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

Figure 3.18Squid jig effort close to the project site Ask Japp/Melanie to insert legend hereSource: Japp, 2010. . Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFin-fish fisheriesThis fishery group is further subdivided into a number of components, eachemploying different equipment and targeting different species.Small pelagic fisheryThis fishery targets small pelagic shoaling species with the use of purse-seinenets along the inshore regions of the South Coast (Figure 3.20 and Figure 3.28).Table 3.9 lists the catch composition (by species and mass) of the purse-seinefleet. Sardines dominate the landings of the purse-seine fishery sector on theSouth Coast. Note that there is intensive localised targeting of sardine in theMossel Bay and Port Elizabeth areas that are likely to be impacted if areas areclosed for seismic survey activity. The dispersed and subsurface distributionof anchovy along the South Coast during its spawning season results insmaller catches compared to the West Coast. Catches of round herring arealso smaller along the South Coast although there is potential for increasedcatches should the required improvements of equipment be developed.Table 3.9The species composition of the South African purse-seine fleet’s landings(thousands of metric tonnes) from 1980 to 2008.Year Pilchard HorsemackerelAnchovyChubmackerelRoundherringLanternfishTotal1980 50.4 0.4 315.5 0.2 14.1 0.1 380.71981 46.2 6.1 292 0.3 24.3 10.3 379.21982 33.5 1.1 306.9 2.7 31 0.7 375.91983 60.5 1.4 240.2 3.8 69 1.6 376.51984 27.2 2.5 272.5 0.7 28.6 13.4 344.91985 30.7 0.8 272.6 0.1 39.8 31 3751986 30.5 0.5 303.8 0.1 52.3 0.6 388.41987 33 2.8 596 0.8 33.3 0 667.91988 32.2 6.3 569.8 0.3 62.6 0.1 672.11989 34.6 25.5 294.2 0.3 44.5 4.7 404.31990 56.7 7.2 150.1 0 44.3 0.6 259.31991 51.9 0.5 150.6 9.9 33.5 0.7 248.51992 53.4 2 347.5 0.3 47.4 0.7 4521993 50.7 11.6 235.8 0.4 56.3 1.2 3571994 92.8 8.2 155.6 2 54.1 0.9 314.51995 111.7 1.7 178.3 1.3 76.8 1 364.61996 99.7 20.8 40.8 0.3 47.2 0 213.11997 117 12.7 60.1 3.7 92.2 0.2 2861998 128 26.6 107.5 0.1 52.5 6.6 321.41999 132.2 2 180.5 0.4 58.9 0.2 375.42000 136.1 4.6 267.8 0.3 37.8 0.3 447.22001 191.5 0.9 287.5 0.1 55.3 0.1 535.52002 260.9 8.1 213.4 0.1 54.8 0 537.42003 290 1 258.9 0.3 42.5 0.1 592.72004 373.8 2 190.1 0 47.2 0 614.22005 246.7 5.6 282.7 0.3 28.4 0 563.82006 205.9 2 134.2 0.2 41.9 0 384.22007 139.4 1.9 252.8 0.4 47.9 0 442.42008 126 2 265.8 1 64.2 0 459Source: CCA, 2001ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-66

Figure 3.19Distribution of effort in small pelagic purse-seine pilchard catch

Figure 3.20Schematic of the most productive (>1000 tonnes round herring, pilchard and anchovy combined annually) purse seining area ofthe South Coast between 1984 and 1997Source: CCA, 2001

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKMid-water trawl fisheryThis fishery targets horse mackerel (Trachurus capensis), a semi-pelagicshoaling fish that occurs on the continental shelf off southern Africa. The geardeployed comprises of very large mid-water nets that operate close to thesubstrate and in mid-water (depending on the location of the shoals and onthe diurnal vertical migration of the species). Presently only one major midwatertrawl vessel operates on the South Coast, targeting mostly adult fish inthe Port Elizabeth area and is therefore likely to be passing through the surveyarea. Other trawl operations exist for the species, but these are mostly bottomtrawldirected. Mid-water trawlers tow very large nets (with net openings ofup to 80 m) and are severely restricted in their ability to manoeuvre, whichcan interfere with other surface navigation and vessels.Demersal fisheries for Hake and SoleThis fishery targets species associated with the substratum over most of theAgulhas Bank and is split into distinct sectors, namely: The South Coastinshore Trawl Fishery (for hake and sole) the Deepsea Trawl Fishery and theLongline Hake-directed Fishery. Figure 3.21 illustrates the important demersaltrawling grounds, while Table 3.10and Table 3.11 list some of the specieslanded by the demersal trawl fishery. This sector’s catch is dominated by thetwo hake species (Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus). The hake catchestaken from the Agulhas Bank comprise approximately one-third of the totalSouth African hake landings (CSIR and CCA, 1998). Important hake trawlinggrounds include Brown’s Bank (36°S, 20°E), the Blues trawling ground and theChalk Line (Figure 3.22). Areas trawled on the South Coast are fragmented andproblematic due to the rough nature of the grounds and the strong currents(Figure 3.21).The east coast sole (Austroglossus pectoralis) is mostly caught in depthsshallower than 125 m, and is commonly found along the entire South Coast.Apart from the above-mentioned target species, kingklip, panga, kabeljou,gurnard, chub mackerel, monkfish (Lophius sp), Cape Dory (Zeus capensis),angel fish (Brama brama), squid, skates and rays and numerous other by-catchspecies are landed by the South Coast demersal trawling sector. Bycatch is animportant economic component of the inshore and offshore trawl sectors.Note also that there is a closed area to protect kingklip spawning aggregationsbetween September and October on the shelf edge of the Eastern AgulhasBank.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-69

Figure 3.21Distribution of demersal trawl grounds close to the project siteSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

Figure 3.22Distribution of demersal trawl effort close to the project siteSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKTable 3.10Species list of fish landed by the commercial linefish and trawl fishery alongthe South CoastScientific name Common Name Percent of massTeleostsPelagic SpeciesLinefisheryBrama brama Angel fish 100TrawlFisheryScomber japonicus Chub mackerel 0.6 99.4Thyrsites atun Snoek 7.2 92.8Trachurus capensis Horse mackerel 100Argyrosomus coronus Dusky kob 72.8 27.2Atractoscion aequidens Geelbek 99.7 0.3Pomatomus saltatrix Elf 100Seriola lalandi Yellowtail 100Demersal speciesAustroglossus pectoralis Agulhas sole 100Chelidonichthyes spp. Gurnard 100Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Redspotted tonguefish 100Genypterus capensis Kingklip 7.2 92.8Helicolinus dactylopterus Jacobever 100Lepidopus caudatus Ribbonfish 100Lophius sp. Monkfish 100Merluccius spp. Hake 0.5 99.5Pterogymnus Ianiarius Panga 8.1 91.9Zeus capensis Cape dory 100Argyrozona argyrozona Carpenter 96.8 3.2Cheimerius nufar Santer 96.9 3.1Chirodactylus grandis Cape bank steenbras 100Chrysoblephus gibbiceps Red stumpnose 94.4 5.6Chrysoblephus laticeps Red roman 98.6 1.4Lithognathus lithognathus White steenbras 100Petrus rupestris Red steenbras 100Polyprion americanus Wreckfish 100Pomadasys commersonnii Spotted grunter 100Rhabdosargus globiceps White stumpnose 6.7 93.3Umbrina canariensis Belman 100Chondrichthyans (all demersals)Callorhincus capensis St Joseph shark 100Galeorhinus galeus Soupfin shark 26.6 73.4Raja straeleni Biscuit skate 100Source: Japp, 2010Hook and Line FisheryThe line fishery of the South Coast is complex and involves a commercial,recreational and subsistence sector. Linefish are caught from commercial skiboats(sometimes larger deck-boats) and also from beaches and estuaries. Linefishing centres are distributed along the South Coast, important ones beingENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-72

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKStruisbaai, Arniston, Stilbaai, Mossel Bay, Plettenberg Bay, St Francis Bay andPort Elizabeth (Figure 3.28 and Figure 3.24). These centres are all located to thewest of the survey block, and Figure 3.24 and Figure 3.26 show that longlining,except for Hake longlining occurs outside of the survey block.Most operations are within sight of land, although a few operators that fishthe banks and reefs on the central Agulhas Bank (close to the existing Bluesgrounds). Commercial and/or recreational fishers along the South Coasttarget a wide variety of linefish species such as sharks, groupers, tunas andred steenbras, although in recent years catches have declined and operatorsare now also targeting cape hake (Table 3.10).Table 3.11The stock status of some commercially important linefish speciesSpeciesMaximum(years)Stock statusDate of lastcomprehensiveassessmentSB/R (percentof pristine)Snoek 12 Optimally 1999 ? 42.4exploitedYellowtail 12 Optimally 2001 ? 40.2exploitedSilver kob 25 Collapsed 1997/1999 10 93Dusky kob 42 Collapsed 1997 2.3Geelbek 9 Collapsed 1997/1999 5 97.2Dageraad 23 Collapsed 1992 5Seventy-four 20 Collapsed 2006

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.26). Vessels set between 4000 to 20,000 hooks per day generally shooting atnight or early morning and recovering gear throughout the day. Boatsstandby their gear and are also restricted in their movements when haulingand shooting. Hooks are spaced about one fathom apart and lines can be upto 20 km long (Figure 3.24). Figure 3.26 shows that low levels of effortlonglining for Hake occur within the survey block.Bottom-set longline gear is robust and comprises of two lines as well asdropper lines with subsurface floats attached. Effort is widely distributedwith the hard grounds of the Agulhas Bank being preferred. The vessels areoften small and communication is poor therefore their capacity to disruptsurvey activity should not be underestimated.Figure 3.23Diagrams illustrating typical fishing gear deployed for demersal fishing ofdifferent speciesSource: CCA, 2001ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-74

Figure 3.24Distribution of demersal longline fishing areas along the South CoastSource: Japp, 2010

Figure 3.25Distribution of demersal longline fishing grounds close the project siteSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

Figure 3.26Distribution of demersal (Hake) longline fishing efforts close to the project siteSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKTable 3.12Species list of teleost(bony fish) and chondrichthyan species found along theSouth Coast that are caught incidentallyScientific nameTeleostsPelagic speciesMyctophidae sppMaurolicus muelleriLampanyctodes hectorisDemersal speciesPagellus bellotii natalensisSpicara axillarisSpondyliosoma emarginatumPomadasys olivaceumGaleichthyes sppCongiopodus sppHaplostethus maditerraneusCoelorinchus spp (3 species)Lithognathus mormyrusZeus capensisZeus faberOther teleosts (98 spp)ChondrichthyansPelagic speciesCarcharhinus brachyrurusSphyrna zygaenaDemersal speciesCallorhincus capensisDasyatis pastinacaeGaleorhinus galeusGymnura natalensisHalaelurus natalensisHalohalaelurus reganiHaplobleparus edwardsiiMustelus mustelusMustelus palumbesMyliobatis aquillaRaja AlbaRaja miraletusRaja pullopunctataRaja straeleniRaja wallaceiRhinobatos annulatusScyliorthinus capensisSqualus mitsukuriiSqualus megalopsTorpedo fuscomaculataCommon nameLanternfishesLightfishHector's lanternfishRed tjor tjorWindtoySteentjiePiggySea barbelHorse fishMediterranean slimeheadRatailsSand steenbrasCape doryJohn doryBronze whaler sharkSmooth hammerhead sharkSt Joseph sharkBlue stingraySoupfin sharkDiamond rayTiger catsharkIzakPuffadder shysharkHoundsharkWhitespotted houndsharkDullraySpearnose skateTwineye skateSlime skateBiscuit skateYellowspotted skateLesser sandsharkYellowspotted catsharkShortspine spiny dogfishShortnose spiny dogfishBlackspotted electric eelThe pelagic longliners (targeting tuna) are monitored by satellite trackingunits, which have shown that deployments often occur in areas likely to besurveyed (Figure 3.28). Unlike the hake and lobster gear, pelagic longlines arenot fixed to the sea floor and gear drifts freely in the water column (Figure3.27). However if the gear is fouled, it is likely to cause considerable damageto the seismic survey gear and vessels. Furthermore, lines are set and allowedENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-78

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKto drift with the current over the bank and the skippers often move from theshelf edge to the shallower part of the continental shelf (Figure 3.28). Gear isset at night and allowed to soak before retrieval starts in daylight hours.Moving lines such as these can be many kilometres in length and arepotentially problematic for seismic survey activity. The lines are not easilydetected and their movement unpredictable. The Branch of Fisheries nowtrack most tuna vessels with satellite transmitters and real-time tracks can beobtained for vessel activity (examples of these data are not supplied here asthe information is considered confidential and sensitive, but can be obtainedon request).This perlagic longlining for tuna occurs in patches within the survey block(Figure 3.28), likely to result in interferences between the two activities. This isdiscussed further in Section 6.25.Figure 3.27Diagram illustrating typical fishing gear used for longlining for pelagicspecies (eg tuna and shark)Source: CCA, 2001ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-79

Figure 3.28Distribution of pelagic longline effort in the area around the project siteSource: Japp, 2010. Please note that this specialist input (and map produced) was conducted for the original 1 500 km 2 survey block, as represented here.

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.6.2 Shipping TransportA large number of vessels navigate the South Coast. Table 3.13 and Figure 3.29and Figure 3.30 show the safe shipping routes along the coast of South Africaand the separation of east and west-bound traffic. This traffic is locatedrelatively close to shore, and includes commercial and fishing vessels. Themain shipping routes do not pass through the survey block, although Figure3.29 does not show marine traffic passing through the block, its vicinity toPort Elizabeth and the Port of Ngqura (20 km to the north east of PortElizabeth) will mean that vessels are likely to navigate through portions of theblock.Maritime regulations require that laden tankers carrying more than a halfpercent of their deadweight tonnage remain more than 12 miles off a linejoining Cape Recife, Seal Point and Cape Agulhas. Should such tankers haveto cross this line, they have to do so at right angles. Vessels are alsorecommended to steer a course allowing a safe clearance of the Alphard Banks(35°S, 21°E) and the Mossgas production platform. Important South Coastcommercial harbours include Port Elizabeth, the new Ngqura Deepwater Portand Mossel Bay, while fishing harbours and slip-ways include Struis Bay,Arniston, Still Bay, Mossel Bay, Plettenberg Bay, St Francis Bay and PortElizabeth.During the winter season, vessels are advised to remain on course until theyreach the boundary line of the Winter Zone, after which they should remain asclose as possible to it. Charted Traffic Separation Schemes, which areInternational Maritime Organisation (IMO) adapted and other relevantinformation, are listed in the South African Annual Notice to Mariners No 5,of 1999.Figure 3.29Major shipping routes along the South CoastSource: CCA, 2001ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-81

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKTable 3.13Number of vessels calling at South African ports and sailing pastVesseltypeNo of CapePointRoundingsNo of Vessels calling in at PortCapeTownDurbanEastLondonMosselBayPortElizabethRichard’s BayBulk 421 814 18 86 1063 159Cargo 135 961 1444 103 4 262 287 19Unknow 113nVehicle 126 54 130 7 26 13 1CarrierContaine 74 672 852 45 376 25 2r CarrierMiscella 7neousTanker 217 217 570 70 30 87 199 36TotalVessels/year609 2325 3810 243 34 837 1587 217Source: Silvermine Maritime Intelligence, CCA, 2001SaldanhaENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-82

Figure 3.30Safe shipping routes around the coast of South AfricaSource: SA Notices to Mariner No 5 of 1999 (from CCA, 2001)

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.6.3 Recreational UsesRecreational use of the South Coast marine environment involves bothconsumptive and non-consumptive uses. The former involves coastal usersremoving marine resources for their own consumption, while the latterinvolves sea users making use of the marine environment without removingany marine resources from the area.Consumptive usesConsumptive utilisation includes recreational shore and boat-based anglers(Brouwer et al, 1997) and spearfishers (Mann et al, 1997), skin divers collectingsubtidal invertebrates, and exploiters of intertidal organisms. Most of therecreational exploitation of marine resources along the South Coast occurswithin inshore waters in the vicinity of coastal towns. Shore and boat-basedfishers often target the same linefish species as the commercial anglers,although shore anglers and spearfishers also land species not caught bycommercial operators (eg white musselcracker (Sparodon durbanensis), bronzebream (Pachymetopon grande)). Skin divers collect rock lobsters (either Jasuslalandii or Panulirus homarus), perlemoen (Haliotis midae), mussels, limpets, redbait, alikreukel (Turbo sarmaticus) and sand mussels along the South Coastintertidal areas.Non-consumptive usesNon-consumptive utilisation of the marine environment includes surfing andrelated practices, boating, SCUBA diving, nature watching and beachrecreation. There is a diversity of marine life that can be viewed all yearround in Algoa Bay, particularly during the breeding/ calving and migrationseasons. There are several good diving locations within the Bay. In additionto private recreational activities, there are also a number of local tourismoperators offering boat-based whale-watching tours and diving tours withinAlgoa Bay.These activities may occur within the survey area, as the block is relativelyclose to Port Elizabeth, although this may be discouraged due to therestrictions from recreational activities within the neighbouring marineprotected areas (eg Bird Island).3.6.4 Mining and Prospecting Rights and ActivitiesGlauconite and Phosphorite ProspectingGlauconite pellets (an iron and magnesium rich clay mineral) and bedded andpeletal phosphorite occur on the seafloor over large areas of the continentalshelf on the South Coast. These concentrations represent potentiallycommercial sources of agricultural phosphate and potassium (Birch, 1979a, b;ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-84

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKDingle et al., 1987; Rogers and Bremner, 1991). Two companies have beengranted prospecting permits for glauconite and phosphorite in threeprospecting areas. Coordinates of these prospecting blocks are provided inTable 3.14. The Algo/ Gamtoos Block does not overlap with any of theglauconite and phosphorite prospecting areas.Table 3.14Limits of prospecting blocks for glauconite and phosphate within the SouthCoast regionBlock title Latitude LongitudeAgrimin 3A 6km from coast; 22º 30’ EB 34º 30 S 22º 30’ EC 34º 30 S 25º 00’ ED 6km from coast 25º 00’ ESOM 2A 32º 14’ 34’ S 22º 20’ 32’ EB 32º 32’ 39’ S 22º 29’ 17’ EC 32º 32’ 15’ S 22º 03’ 51’ ED 32º 36’ 38’ S 21º 58’ 38’ ESOM 3A 34º 40’ 41’ S 22º 04’ 08’ EB 34º 37’ 27’ S 21º 34’ 29’ EC 35º 30’ 31’ S 21º 04’ 30’ ED 34º 52’ 15’ S 22º 04’ 47’ EE 34º 52’ 15’ S 22º 01’ 51’ ENote: In each case the block is a polygon of points A, B, C and D (and E in the case of SOM 3)Source: CCA, 2001Prospecting for Manganese Nodules in Ultra-deep WaterManganese nodules enriched in valuable metals occur in deep water areas (>3000 m) on the South Coast (Rogers, 1995; Rogers and Bremner, 1991).However, nickel, copper and cobalt contents of the nodules fall below thecurrent mining economic cut-off grade of 2 percent over most of the area. Noprospecting permits have been applied for to date.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-85

Figure 3.31Schematic of manganese nodules off Southern AfricaSource: Modified from Rogers, 1995 and Fuggle and Rabie, 1992 in CCA, 200

Figure 3.32Propecting areas along the south coast

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKOil and Gas ProspectingIn 1967 a new Mining Rights Act was passed and offshore concessions weregranted to a number of international companies including Total, Gulf Oil,Esso, Shell, ARCO, CFP and Superior. This led to the first offshore well beingdrilled in 1969 and the discovery by Superior of gas and condensate in the Ga-A1 well situated in the Pletmos Basin.In 1970, Soekor (together with Rand Mines) extended its efforts to the offshorebut, despite further encouraging discoveries, international companiesgradually withdrew. This was largely as a result of political sanctions againstSouth Africa. Thus from the mid 1970's to the late 1980's Soekor, the Stateowned oil and gas exploration company, was the sole explorer operating theentire offshore area of South Africa. The offshore areas were opened tointernational investors via a Licensing Round held in 1994. Prior to 1983,reliable technology was not available for removing wellheads (4.57 m highwith a radius of 1.83 m) from the seafloor.On the South Coast 180 wellheads remain on the seafloor. The location of 28wellheads on the important trawling grounds resulted in conflict between theSOEKOR E&P and the demersal trawling sector. As a result, three of thewellheads located on the Blues were completely removed in 1997 by SOEKORE & P and 4.6 m high permanent guide-bases were removed from a furthertwo, leaving only the 0.5 m high temporary guide-bases on the seafloor(McLachlan, pers comm, 2001). Presently, all offshore explorers are requiredto remove wellheads, unless the well is intended to be used as a producer, inwhich case it is suspended ie left on the seafloor with a corrosion cap on thewell-head, to facilitate re-entry. These wellheads must be removed within tenyears if not used as production wells or before the expiry of the prospectingand/or mining leaseThere are approximately 233,000 km of 2D seismic data and 10,200 km 2 of 3Dseismic data which have been acquired through seismic surveys to date sinceexploration began offshore (PASA, 2010). In addition, there are now over 300exploration wells in the entire offshore area, including appraisal andproduction wells. Exploration drilling was most active from 1981 to 1991during which period some 181 exploration wells were drilled. TheBredasdorp Basin, south of the Overberg area, has been the focus of mostseismic and drilling activity since 1980. In the Pletmos Basin there are twoundeveloped gas fields and a further six gas discoveries. One oil discoveryand several gas discoveries have been made in the South African part of theOrange Basin off the west coast. One of these discoveries is currently beingappraised and developed as the Ibhubesi gas field by Forest ExplorationInternational.Canadian Natural Resources (CNR) acquired seabed logging survey in 2006and are evaluating deep water potential for oil and gas within Blocks11B/12B, located to the south west of the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block. In addition,ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-88

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKPioneer carried out a 450 m 2 seismic survey within 2001 in an area directly tothe west of the survey block.3.6.5 Protected AreasOn the south coast there are three fully protected marine reserves (De HoopMarine Reserve, Sardinia Bay Marine Reserve and Stilbaai Marine Reserve),one partially protected marine protected area (MPA) (Tsitsikamma NationalPark), a number of marine protected areas (as described in Table 3.15),protecting some form of marine life, (SFRI, 1998). A further four islands arealso bird and seal sanctuaries and a proposed Addo MPA, as shown in Figure1.1. There is also a seasonal closure for kinglip (September to October) toprotect the spawning aggregations in an area east of the Agulhas Bank. Thelocation and the regulations enforced within the borders of these protectedareas are listed in Table 3.15.Algoa Bay IslandsThe Algoa Bay Islands (1) are a group of islands located within Algoa Bay,close to Port Elizabeth, and are located within the Bird Island MPA or theproposed Addo MPA. These are clustered into two groups of three smallerislands each, St Croix, Jahleel and Brenton Rocks as well as Bird, Seal and StagIslands. St Croix Island lies 4 km from the shore and approximately 20 kmfrom the northern portion of the survey area and is situated between theCoega and Sundays river mouths, 21 km north-east of the harbour at PortElizabeth. The 12 ha island is predominantly rocky, supports minimalvegetation and rises to 58 m (Birdlife, 2010).The second island group consists of Bird, Seal and Stag Islands, and lies some40 km east of the first group (ie 53 km due east of Port Elizabeth) andapproximately 10 km from the north eastern portion of the survey area. BirdIsland (19 ha) is the largest of the Algoa Bay islands and is relatively flat(maximum height of only 9 m). Seal Island is a small 0.6 ha islandapproximately 360 m north of Bird Island while Stag Island (even smaller at0.1 ha), lies 320 m north-west of Bird Island. Much of the island group iscovered by sparse growth of mixed vegetation dominated by the fleshy herbMesembryanthemum. Tetragonia and Chenopodium also form localizedthickets that provide cover for some seabirds.(1) Information contained in this section is obtained primarily from Birdlife International (Birdlife, 2010)ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-89

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKTable 3.15The name, location and regulations enforced within the different marine protected areas located along the South Coast (SFRI,1998)Site Location RegulationsFully protected marine reservesDe Hoop Marine ReserveSardinia Bay MarineReserveStilbaai Marine ReserveFrom Stilbaai Point to between Rys Punt and Skipskop for 3 nautical miles seawards fromthe high-water markFrom near Schoemakerskop to near Bushy Park, for 1 nautical mile seawards from thehigh-water markFrom Noordkapperspunt and Rietvleivywers, and includes the estuary of the GoukouRiver to a point 15.7 km upstream. This includes 13.5 km of coastline and 15.7 km of theGoukou EstuaryGeneral marine reserveGeneral marine reserveGeneral marine reserveAlmost fully protected marine reserveTsitsikamma National park From Groot River at Oubas to Groot River at Natures Valley, for 3 nautical miles seawardsfrom the high-water markMarine protected areasGoukamma Marine Reserve Between the eastern boundary of Walker's point farm and the western boundary of theGoukamma Nature Reserve from 1 nautical mile seawards from the high-water markNo marine life may be caught ordisturbed. Shore angling permittedOnly shore angling permittedRobberg Marine Reserve For one nautical mile offshore from the high-water mark in the Robberg Nature Reserve Only shore angling permittedKnysna Lagoon Within certain areas delineated by beacons with the lagoon No invertebrates may be caught ordisturbedSeabird and seal sanctuaries Mossel BayBird Island Just east of Algoa BayStag Island Just east of Algoa BaySeal Island Just east of Algoa BayBlack Rocks Just east of Algoa Bay

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKThe Algoa Bay Islands are important as bird nesting areas and habitats (Table3.16). Fourteen species of seabirds, several species of shorebirds and 33species of terrestrial birds have been recorded on the island group. Eight ofthese seabird species currently breed on the Algoa Bay islands. The Algoa Baygroup of islands are the only islands along a 1,777 km stretch of coastlinebetween Cape Agulhas and Inhaca Island in Mozambique and constitute theonly offshore islands off southern mainland Africa where the roseate tern(Sterna dougallii) breeds regularly. In addition, the Algoa Bay islands contain43 percent of the global population of the African Penguin (Spheniscusdemersus), the majority of which are on St Croix. St Croix also provideshabitat for a locally significant breeding population of Cape Cormorant(Phalacrocorax capensis). Bird Island is declared a MPA (the Bird Island MPA)is one of only six breeding sites in the world for the Cape Gannet (Moruscapensis), the Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) and the African Oyestercatcher(Haematopus moquini) are found throughout the Algoa Bay complex. Theisland group is also known provide habitat for very large numbers (regularlybetween 10 and 20 percent of the estimated total Afrotropical non-breedingpopulation) of Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata) during the winter months.Table 3.16Important Bird Species within the Algoa Bay Island ReserveAfrican Penguin(Spheniscus demersus)African Penguin(Spheniscus demersus)Cape Gannet(Morus capensis)Cape Gannet(Morus capensis)AfricanOystercatcher(Haematopus moquini)AfricanOystercatcher(Haematopus moquini)Kelp Gull(Larus dominicanus)Kelp Gull(Larus dominicanus)Roseate Tern(Sterna dougallii)Antarctic Tern(Sterna vittata)Source: Birdlife, 2010Season Year Min Max Units Qualit Criteriaywinter 0 60000 60000 individuals - A1, A4iiresident 0 21200 21200 breeding - A1, A4iipairswinter 0 140000 140000 individuals - A1, A4iiresident 0 59000 59000 breeding - A1, A4iipairswinter 0 40 50 individuals - A1, A4iresident 0 16 20 breedingpairs- A1, A4iwinter 0 1000 1950 individuals - A4ibreeding 0 500 900 breedingpairs- A4ibreeding 0 180 180 breeding - A4ipairswinter 0 500 5000 individuals - A4iSeason Year Min Max Units QualityCriteriaThe Algoa Bay Islands is administered as part of the Woody Cape NatureReserve and the St Croix Group, and a 300 m marine zone around each island,was proclaimed South Africa's first island marine reserve in 1981. The EasternENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-91

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.6.6 OtherCape Nature Conservation, which subsequently became the Directorate ofNature Conservation of the Eastern Cape Province, has managed the islandssince April 1992 and a management plan was compiled in 1995. The port ofCoega and heavy-industry complex, located at the Coega River mouth,opposite Jahleel Island is reported to pose a threat to the seabirds of the StCroix group.NewAGE intends to implement a 10 km buffer zone around Bird Island,where no seismic surveys will be undertaken (Figure 1.1 in Section 1)Proposed Addo Marine Protected AreaThe coastal area of Addo Elephant National Park stretches between SundaysRiver Mouth and Bushman’s River Mouth and incorporates the AlexandriaDunefield, the largest (approximately 15 800 hectares) and least degradedcoastal dunefield in the southern hemisphere. Although Bird Island and St.Croix Island in Algoa Bay were proclaimed as part of Addo Elephant NationalPark in 2005, a larger MPA of an envisaged 120,000 ha, incorporating theseislands is proposed for Algoa Bay. This is shown on Figure 1.1 in Section 1.Although the MPA has not yet been declared, NewAGE will observe a 5 kmbuffer from the proposed border of the Addo MPA.Undersea CablesDuring 2001 Telkom installed a fibre optics cable SAT 3 betweenMelkbosstrand on the west coast and Mtunzini on the east coast (see Figure3.34). Where seafloor conditions permited, the SAT-3 cable was buried 0.7 mbelow the seafloor from the landing points to 1000 m water depth. There is anactivity exclusion zone applicable to the telecommunication cables onenautical mile each side of the cable in which no anchoring is permitted.The SAT 3 cable is located far offshore of the South Coast, as shown in Figure3.33 and Figure 3.34 below and will not be impacted by the seismic surveys.Although there are a number of additional undersea cables planned for theAfrican coast, these are planned to land on the west (Melkbosstrand, WesternCape) and east coasts (Mtunzini in northen Kwazulu-Natal) respectively andwill not affect the survey block (Figure 3.33).ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-92

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 3.33Map of Africa showing undersea cables planned for installation (to becompleted 2011)Source: Internet End-to-End Performance Monitoring (IEPM), 2009ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-93

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFigure 3.34Schematic diagram of the location of undersea cablesSource: Telkom SA

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKUndersea PipelinesBulk oil loading facilities are present close inshore off Mossel Bay,approximately 400 km to the west of the survey block.Archaeological SitesOver 2 000 shipwrecks are present along the South African coastline (Gribble,1997). The majority of known wrecks lost along the South Coast are located inrelatively shallow water close inshore (Turner, 1988). Wrecks older than 50years old are important archaeological sites, and are thus declared nationalmonuments (Gribble, 1997).Mariculture IndustriesPerlemoen farming facilities are located near Port Elizabeth, as are mussel andoyster farming facilities (O’Sullivan, 1998). Oysters are also farmed within theKnysna Lagoon, while they are reported to be exploited commercially atnumerous other sites along the South Coast (Jackson and Lipschitz, 1984).Marine Outfall/intake PipesJackson and Lipschitz (1984) report that 11 outfalls and 1 intake are locatedalong the South Coast. Numerous outfalls discharge effluent into the sea,some do so offshore through an undersea pipeline. The most importantpipelines include the sewerage outfall at Port Elizabeth that discharges 60,000m 3 /day through a 100 m pipeline, and the oil refinery outfall at Vlees Bay thatdischarges 8 020 m 3 /day of saline effluent through a 1.275 km long pipeline.Other less important outfalls are those off Cape Recife and Drift Sands in PortElizabeth, and another at Mossel Bay. A 2.5 km long pipeline is also located offVoorbaai (Bailey, 1996). The seismic survey will not interfere with anyinfrastructure on the seabed.Ammunition Dump SitesFigure 3.35 depicts the location of the ammunition dump sites situated alongthe South Coast. Trawlers should exercise the greatest caution. Nauticalcharts of the bay (eg INT 7531 SAN 1024 ‘Approaches to Port Elizabeth’) warnmariners of projectiles and badly corroded mustard gas containers have beenreported in the area between Cape St Francis and Bird Island out to depths of400 m.Details of munitions dumping areas are given on the relevant SAN chartswhich indicate an ammunition dump within the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block andpossibly within the survey block (Figure 3.35). These dumps will not bephysically impacted by the seismic activities as they are located on theseafloor. Seismic surveys have also been used to identify marine ammunitiondumping sites in other parts of the world (Koch et al, 2008) and it are thereforeassumed that the risks of explosion are low. Confirmation of the benignENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-95

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKaffects of seismic noise on ammunition dumping sites, or additionalmitigation measures are suggested within the EMP should seismic surveys berequired directly over the munitions dumping site.Figure 3.35Location of ammunition dump sites along the south coastENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-96

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK3.7 SUMMARYSalient features related to the baseline environmental conditions within theSouth Coast area in general, and the survey block in particular, are presentedbelow:• The main features affecting weather patterns are the mid-latitude cyclones,and the South Atlantic High-Pressure and Indian Ocean High-Pressuresystems.• Easterly winds predominate during summer, westerly winds duringwinter.• The majority of waves (often >6 m in height) are generated in the SouthernOcean and arrive from the southwest, dominating wave patterns duringwinter and spring. Easterly wind generated ‘seas’ occur during summer.• The Agulhas Bank dominates the bathymetry, extending 250 km offshore.• The Agulhas Current is the dominant current, transporting water in asouth westerly direction with a volume transport of over 60 × 106 m 3 /sec.It may shed eddies that advect onto the Agulhas Bank.• Wind-driven upwelling occurs inshore and within the survey block wheneasterly winds blow during summer. It usually starts at the prominentcapes, progressing westwards, and may be intense.• Shelf edge upwelling occurs on the eastern shelf edge of the Agulhas Bank,resulting in strong summer thermocline structure, which breaks down inwinter due to turbulent mixing.• Plankton, fish and marine mammal diversities on the Agulhas bank arehigh and result from the location of the bank between major warm andcold current systems.• Numerous commercially important fish species are found off the SouthCoast, and sustain demersal (hake), pelagic/epipelagic (anchovy, sardine,horse mackerel) and line fisheries.• A small trawl and trap fishery along the outer edge of the Agulhas Bankand within the survey block exploits the south coast rock lobster.• The Agulhas Bank is an important spawning area for some pelagic species(eg anchovy, pilchard, and horse mackerel) and for the Cape hake. Pelagiclonglinng for hake occurs within the survey block.• Squid form dense spawning aggregations in sheltered bays at the easternboundary of the South Coast, including Algoa Bay and therefore withinthe survey block. Juveniles remain in shallow waters, but disperse togreater depth with age.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-97

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• The South Coast is an important recruitment area for many linefish speciesthat spawn along the East Coast.• Over 35 cetacean species are found along the South Coast.• The extreme inshore region of the South Coast seasonally (July toDecember) harbours, including Algoa Bay, are possibly the largestconcentrations of breeding Southern Right Whales in the world.• Sixty seabird species are likely to occur along the coast, with breedingspecies usually inhabiting the island colonies, located approximately 10km north east of the survey block (Bird Island).• The region offshore of Mossel Bay is important for the extraction of gasand oil (to a lesser extene). Production from South Africa’s fields is indecline but the South Coast Gas Project being carried out by PetroSA isexpected to extend gas production for another decade.• An ammunition dumping site is located within the Algoa/ Gamtoos Blockand possibly within the survey block. Physical disturbance of the site andthe risks of detonation as a result of seismic noise are, however, unlikely.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20103-98

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK4 CONSULTATION WITH INTERESTED AND AFFECTED PARTIES (I&APS)This section describes the process that was followed in compiling the EMPR tonotify and include the input of interested and affected parties (I&APs) andoutlines the specific steps that have been followed in putting this EMPR inplace. Potential I&APs were informed of the project and provided withopportunities to provide their input and raise issues related to the proposedseismic surveys.4.1 OVERVIEW OF THE CONSULTATION PROCESSThe consultation process followed was in accordance with the requirementscontained within the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act(Act 28 of 2002) (MPRDA), the MPRDA Regulations GN 527 of 2004 and thegeneric EMPR guideline and template documents. The following describesthe activities were undertaken as part of the consultation process with I&APs:4.1.1 Identification of Interested and Affected Parties (I&AP)Potentially interested and affected parties were identified through stakeholderanalysis and using previous similar studies in the area. A listing of I&AP wascreated for use in the consultation programmes. The list includedgovernment authorities (local and regional), Non-GovernmentalOrganisations (NGO), Community-Based Organisations (CBO) and industrygroups (including the fishing industry). The list was expanded through theprocess of developing the EMPR through feedback received followingconsultation and disclosure activities. A full list of I&APs is provided inAppendix B-3.4.1.2 Distribution of BIDA Background Information Document (BID) was compiled providing anoverview of the proposed seismic survey and related project activities andtheir location. The information was provided in a non-technical format. TheBID also provided an invitation and instruction for submitting comments andinput for consideration in the EMPR process.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20104-99

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKBIDs were distributed to all identified I&APs (Appendix A) and made availableon the project website (www.erm.com/newage).4.1.3 Placing of an Advertisement:Adverts were placed in The Cape Times (Friday, 6 August 2010) as well as TheHerald (Friday, 6 August 2010) (Appendix B-1). An advert was placed in thelocal press informing the broader public about the forthcoming survey andfuture exploration activities. The advert provided details of the consultationprocess and provided information on how members of the public couldprovide input.4.1.4 Commenting PeriodA commenting period of 21 calendar days was provided for I&APs to submittheir issues or concerns for consideration in the compilation of the EMPR.4.1.5 Ad hoc Liaison with I&APsERM responded to comments received by acknowledging receipt andregistration, forwarding further information as requested and assuring I&APsthat their issues would be reflected and addressed within the EMPR. Copiesof electronic mail correspondence received during the consultation processcan be found in Appendix B-2 and a list of I&APs for this process is provided inAppendix B-3.4.1.6 Compilation of Comments and Responses ReportAll issues raised and comments submitted have been compiled into a shortComments and Responses Report that forms part of the EMPR submission tothe Petroleum Agency of South Africa (PASA). A copy of the Comments andResponses Report and all correspondence is attached as Appendix B-4.4.2 SUMMARY OF ISSUES RAISEDThe issues presented below have been summarised from the issues raised andcomments submitted by I&APs during the above process ( Appendix B-2). Theissues raised were:• potential for impacts on sensitive marine fauna;ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20104-100

NEWAGE PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• proximity of the survey block to existing and proposed marine protectedareas (MPAs); and• potential for negative impacts on fishing in the area.Detailed comments and ERM’s responses can be found in the Comments andResponse Report in Appendix B-4.4.2.1 Impacts on Sensitive Marine FaunaMany of the I&APs’ comments expressed their concern that the proposedseismic surveys would result in the destruction of the sensitive marine life inthe area, including negative impacts on cetaceans, seals and seabirds,especially those related to the Bird Island breeding colony. Concern wasraised that seismic surveys would affect bird species listed as endangered orthreatened by CITES and sensitive cetacean species. The baseline descriptionof the sensitive marine fauna within the survey block and potential impacts onmarine mammals and seabirds are discussed and assessed in Chapter 3 andChapter 6 respectively.4.2.2 Proximity to Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)Concern was expressed over the proximity of the Bird Island Marine ProtectedArea (MPA) and the proposed Addo Elephant MPA. One I&AP commentsuggested that the proposed prospecting area be moved out of the MarineProtected Areas. In response, NewAGE has implemented a 10 km buffer zone(where no seismic surveys will be undertaken) around the Bird Island MPAborder, and a similar 5 km buffer area around the proposed Addo ElephantMPA border. These changes have resulted in a decrease in area of the surveyblock from that initially proposed (and described in the BID) and this isindicated in Figure 1.1.4.2.3 Negative Impacts on FishingI&APs expressed concern over the possible impacts of the seismic survey oncommercial fishing operations in Algoa Bay. Fishing is reported to take placein Rye Banks (close to Jefferies Bay, approximately 100 km west of the surveyblock) and Bird Island (10 km north of the survey block) as this area isreportedly prime fishing ground. The potential impacts on fish and fishingare discussed and assessed in Chapter 6.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20104-101

Appendix ABackground InformationDocument

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CAPE TIMES FRIDAY, AUGUST 6, 2010NEWS3New highly visible shark warning signs designed to improve safetyCHANGES: All flags now havea shark printed on them.Staff WriterNEW signage warning residentsand visitors of sharks,particularly great whites, hasbeen erected at the city’sbeaches.The City of Cape Town, inconjunction with the SharkSpotters Programme, hasdesigned three new signsto improve shark safety onCape Town’s beaches, itsaid yesterday.‘Public is urgedto familiarisethemselves withthis system’“Significant improvementshave been made to the sharkwarning system used by theshark spotters, and the cityurges the public to familiarisethemselves with this system,”said Brett Herron, the city’sMayco member for communityservices.The new signage can befound on beaches monitored byshark spotters where the flagsystem was used.A tourist was killed by ashark on January 12 whileswimming in Fish Hoek.The signage was designed tobe highly visible.The following changes havebeen made to the shark warningsystem:● All flags now have a sharkprinted on them to ensurebeach users are able to differentiatebetween shark spottingflags and other unrelated flags.● A green flag indicatesspotting conditions are good, ablack flag shows conditions arepoor, a red flag indicates a highalert and a white flag shows ashark has been spotted andeveryone should immediatelyleave the water.● A bright red sign indicatinga “high risk area” wasplaced on Jaggers Walk at FishHoek Beach – the site of themost recent shark attacks.● The modified shark spottingprogramme explains themeaning of the colour-codedwarning signs, shows informationon shark spotter dutyshifts, provides general visibilityconditions, shows the dateof the last shark spotting andlists emergency contact details.● A blue “shark smart” signconveys general informationon sharks in Cape Town watersas well as advice on using theocean. These would be erectedin the near future.For recent shark activityand more information visitwww.sharkspotters.org.zaThe public were warned tobe cautious at the beach andare encouraged to:● Swim in groups.● Ensure that they were visibleto others when swimming.● Not to swim when therewere marine mammals –whales, dolphins or seals – inthe area.● Not swim if a marinemammal or carcass hadwashed up on to the beach.● Not to swim if there was astranded marine mammal inthe area.‘GRUESOME’ MURDER BY EX KEBBLE ADVISERMangena getslife for killingformer fiancéeSibusiso NkomoTHE National ProsecutingAuthority has welcomed thesentencing of Sydney Mangenato life in prison, as sending “anunambiguous message thatviolence against women has noplace in our society and willnot be tolerated”.NPA Western Cape spokesmanEric Ntabazalila said:“Intimate femicide or thekilling of a woman by her intimatepartner is the mostextreme form and consequenceof violence against women.”Mangena, a former BrettKebble security adviser, parliamentaryVIP protection officer,Catholic priest and MK operative,murdered his formerfiancée, Thobeka Vuso, in 2004.Judge Daniel Dlodlo sentencedMangena to one year foreach of the two assaults hecommitted against GeraldBushule and NoluthandoMdludlu and one year in prisonor a fine of R4 000 for pointinga gun at Nomalizo Bulisile.Passing sentence, JudgeDlodlo described Mangena as acruel man who had hunteddown Vuso.“You knew your target …(Vuso) was robbed of her life ina gruesome manner,” JudgeDlodlo said.He wondered what Latita,Mangena’s seven-year-olddaughter with Vuso, wouldthink growing up without amother because her father hadkilled her.Judge Dlodlo said womenshould be free to form or endrelationships.Vuso and Mangena hadbeen in a turbulent on-and-offrelationship since 1999 whenthey met in Parliament, whereshe was working in the ANCparliamentary office.Sadtu slams violence at schoolsStaff WriterSCHOOLS are safe havens and noone employed there should everresort to violence, says theprovince’s largest teachers’ union.This followed the court appearanceof a New Crossroads schoolfinancial clerk on charges of murderingthe school’s principal aftershe asked questions about financialirregularities.Jonovan Rustin, provincial secretaryof the South African DemocraticTeachers’ Union, told theCape Times yesterday teachersand other school employees shoulddeal with their problems throughthe proper channels.Principal Nomzoxolo Dziba, 52,was shot dead at SithembeleMatiso High School on August 24.Dziba, from Parow, was actingprincipal at the school.Police at the time said someone,MURDERER: Sydney Mangena,described by the judge as‘a cruel man who hunted downhis victim’.On March 16, 2004, Mangenaassaulted Mdludlu in Langa.He had followed the carMdludlu and Vuso were in andforced it off the road, openedthe passenger door and pulledout Mdludlu, shouted andpunched her on the shoulder.Mdludlu lodged a complaintagainst Mangena, but it wasnot fully investigated.Mangena at the timebelieved that the “party girl”Mdludlu was a bad influenceon Vuso and blamed her fortheir break-up.On the evening of May 23,2004, Mangena assaultedBushule, pointed a gun atBulisile and killed Vuso outsidean apartment in the V&AWaterfront. The apartment wasowned by Lunga Ncwana, Mangena’sfriend and boss at JCI,Kebble’s company, and an ANCYouth League leader.Mangena had arrived at awho claimed to be from the EducationDepartment, had telephonedthe school earlier in the day andmade an appointment to see Dzibaaround 4pm. When nobody hadarrived by 4.30pm, Dziba had beenabout to leave. Minutes later, gunshotswere heard and a white carwas seen leaving the school propertywith two men inside.A month after the shooting,clerk Vuyisile Mdzumeka, 37, hiswife, Yalezwa Mdzumeka, 34, andLuvo Nketo, 21, were charged withmurdering Dziba.Rustin said the union wouldclosely follow the outcome of thecase.“We appeal to everybody outthere to deal with problemsthrough the proper channels. We,as Sadtu, advise never to resort toviolence. Schools are safe havensand there should never be violencethere.”dinner party Vuso was attending,hosted by Ncwana. Theformer lovers argued, andBushule tried to stop it, butMangena attacked him.Mangena took out his gunand shot at Vuso’s leg. Shejumped over the balcony andhid with Bulisile in the garden.Bulisile said Mangena cameout and pointed a gun at her.She told him she was notVuso and Mangena left her andwent on to shoot his formerlover in the garden.Later, Vuso’s body wasfound with four bullet wounds– in the leg, heart, head andback.Mangena was found guiltyof all charges in June.It also emerged during sentencingthat Mangena was sufferingfrom gout and was seenin court using a crutch.Mangena has six children,by different mothers, aged 24 totwo.Mangena testified that hegrew up under tough circumstanceswith his six siblings.Their grandmother and unclebrought them up in Wellingtonand Paarl, and their father wasnot involved in their lives.● Mangena was born in 1960and is 50 years old.● In 1988, Mangena wasordained as a Catholic priest.● In 1989, he joined UmkhontoweSizwe (MK),● In 1994, he was appointedthe Western Cape ANC head ofsecurity at the IEC during theelections● After the elections, hejoined the South African PoliceService and was laterappointed to the VIP ProtectionUnit in Parliament. Heremained there until he joinedJCI as a security adviser in2003.sibusiso.nkomo@inl.co.zaIt was alleged Dziba was killedafter she launched an investigationinto why hundreds of thousandsof rands in school fundswere unaccounted for.Dziba taught at the school for 26years and was appointed actingprincipal in 2008.The trio face charges of murder,robbery with aggravating circumstances,and being in possessionof a firearm and live roundsof ammunition.Charges against a fourth person,Lindile Nkewu, 31, were withdrawntwo weeks ago when heturned State witness.Yalezwa Mdzumeka’s bailapplication was on Tuesday postponedto August 19.Her husband and Nketo wouldnot apply for bail.The case is expected to go ontrial in the Western Cape HighCourt next year.When just naming it, doesn’t mean claiming itMADISON: A federal court hasrejected a lawsuit filed by anindependent candidate for thestate assembly in Wisconsin, whowants to use a racially chargedphrase to describe herself on theballot.US District Judge RudolphRanda said in the order filed onWednesday that Ieshuh Griffin’slawsuit must be dismissedbecause it was a habeas corpusaction and those require the personbringing it to be in custody.Randa did not rule on the meritsof the lawsuit. Griffin is fightinga decision by the state GovernmentAccountability Boardbarring her from using thephrase “NOT the ‘whiteman’sbitch”’ to describe herself on theballot. The judge said Griffin’sclaims should be brought in acivil rights lawsuit.Griffin, who is black, arguedher case to the five white, retiredjudges on the board that regulateselections last month, sayingthe phrase she wanted to use wasprotected free speech. – Sapa-APWATCHFUL EYE: Police officer Khanyisa Booi, of the Nyanga Cluster Reaction Unit, watches over a group of eight suspects arrested for possession of unlicensedfirearms in a foiled robbery in Lower Crossroads, Philippi East. Police received a tip-off a robbery was about to take place and were able to arrest the eight. Thesuspects, aged between 17 and 42, were expected to appear in the Bellville Magistrate’s Court soon.Picture: PIET SMIT/SAPSChief whip on carpetfor speaking to pressBabalo NdenzeMetro WriterTHE ANC’s Peter Gabriel isin hot water for reacting toreports about the scalingdown of the contract of utilityservices executive directorBulumko Msengana to a temporary“month-to-month”contract.The ANC issued a statementlast week in which itcriticised the city’s decisionnot to renew Msengana’s contract.Gabriel will now have toexplain himself to a disciplinarycommittee.Gabriel has been accusedof breaking the councillors’code of conduct by discussinga confidential matter with themedia. The statement attributedto him said, in part: “TheANC in Cape Town stronglycondemns the actions takenagainst many African staffmembers at various levels tomake it uncomfortable forthem, in order to get them toleave the institution. Thiscauses instability …“The ANC condemns inthe strongest possible termsthe discriminatory waysemployed by the DA-led councilto get rid of people they donot like, or perceive as ANCdeployees.”babalo.ndenze@inl.co.zaMan ‘sold false medical certificates’A GUGULETHU resident suspectedof selling fake doctor’scertificates is to appear in courtnext week on fraud charges.The 55-year-old had beenoperating with his wife butshe had left the area beforepolice could identify her, saidspokesman Elliot Sinyangana.Police had become aware ofthe resident’s “practice” forsome time and had been monitoringhim. He would beTo advertisein theCAPETIMESCall 02148848881749-0810CAPE TIMESSubscriptionhotline 080 0220 770FRESHSTRAWBERRIESDirect from the farmNow available fromSTRAWBERRYKING863 3230Paarlcharged with selling doctor’scertificates to people who didn’twant to go to work.Sinyangana said the residenthad issued people withcertificates he had made fromphotocopying a Dr Pillay’sblank certificate.Police found the residenthad issued “a lot” of these certificates“for some time”.Police had confiscated morethan 40 blank certificatesNOTICE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESSProposed Seismic Survey off theSouth-East Coast of South AfricaBecome InvolvedNew African Global Energy Limited (NewAGE) is applying for an Exploration Rightto undertake a 3-Dimensional seismic survey in the Algoa Gamtoos Block locatedoff the south-east coast of South Africa. The purpose of the survey is to investigatethe subsea geological structure to determine the presence of hydrocarbon (oil andgas) prospects. The exploration block covers an area of 12,000km 2 while the actualsurvey area will be approximately 500km 2 in extent, located within a 1,500km 2 area.The survey area will be located in water depths of between 100m and 200m,approximately 50km south-east of Port Elizabeth. It is anticipated that the survey willbe undertaken over a three month period starting in November / December 2011.In terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act no 28 of2002) (MPRDA), an Exploration Right must be obtained before exploration activitiescan commence. A requirement for obtaining an Exploration Right is that anEnvironmental Management Programme (EMPr) needs to be compiled in terms ofSection 39 of the MPRDA.Invitation to commentwhen they arrested him at hishome on Wednesday night.Sinyangana said theyshowed the practice number1521926 which was no longervalid.He said employers shouldcheck and verify medical certificatesbrought to them byemployees and shouldtake false certificates to thenearest police station. – StaffWriterAlbert de Jong of ERM Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd is the independent consultantcompiling the EMPr. A Background Information Document, providing initial projectinformation has been compiled and is available from ERM on request or it can bedownloaded from the project website at www.erm.com/newage. If you would like toregister as an Interested and Affected Party or receive more information, pleasecontact Albert on:Tel: 021 702 9100;Fax: 021 701 7900; orEmail: albert.dejong@erm.comon or before 6 September 2010Notice is given of a Public Participation Process & theintention to apply for an Exploration Right in terms of theprovisions of Sect 79(4) of the Mineral and PetroleumResources Development Act (Act no 28 of 2002).OM/11/7773512

EP Herald, 6-Aug-2010 Cyan Page 3 EP Herald, 6-Aug-2010 Magenta Page 3 EP Herald, 6-Aug-2010 Yellow Page 3 EP Herald, 6-Aug-2010 Black Page 3NEWSGOT A STORY? PHONE OUR NEWS DESK: (041) 5047 324FR I DAYTHE HERALD AUGUST 6, 2010 3■ British supermodel admits she was given pouch of ‘very small, dirty stones’ but stops short of incriminating Charles TaylorCampbell confirms having received diamondsAaron Gray-Block and Reed StevensonGuides wantclearer pictureof womanhoodPaul CasciatoBRITISH Girl Guides have demanded Prime MinisterDavid Cameron introduce labelling to distinguishbetween airbrushed and natural images of womenin glossy magazines and advertisements.Girlguiding UK, the country’s biggest o rg a n i s a -tion for girls and young women, said it hadlaunched a petition demanding Cameron take actionto help “shape a generation of self-confidentgirls and young women”.The petition comes after research last year byGirlguiding, the Girls' Attitudes Survey, showed50% of girls aged 16-21 years would consider havingsurgery to change the way they looked and 42% of11- to 16-year-olds admitted watching what they ateor had cut down on certain foods.Chief Guide Liz Burnley said the survey and everydayexperiences working with girls and youngwomen gave the Guides an understanding of howprofoundly girls and young women felt the pressureto conform to a particular body image and howbadly they could be affected by unobtainable ideals.“We are proud to support the calls of our memberswho believe that it is time the Prime Ministeraddressed their concerns and acted in the interestsof girls and young women across the country.”Girlguiding member Natalie Fontaine said airbrushedimages of models, celebrities and even “ordinary” women in magazines and adverts could affectthe self confidence of girls and young women.“Most of us have no idea how significantly thesepictures are altered,” she said. Susan Ringwood, ofeating disorder charity Beat, said young peoplewith eating disorders claimed being surrounded bypictures of unnaturally “per fect” bodies made theirown recovery much more difficult. – ReutersNew reason for Lily to smileSINGER Lily Allen has a new reason to smile: She isexpecting a baby.In a statement, Allen and boyfriend Sam Cooper saythey are “very happy to confirm that Lily is expectingtheir first child”. Allen told reporters she was threemonths pregnant and “absolutely delighted”.She has been dating 32-year-old painter and decoratorCooper for a year. Allen, whose hits include Smile and TheFear, had a miscarriage in 2008. – Sapa-APGLAMOROUS WITNESS. . . Naomi Campbell, whoappeared in court this week, pictured on the catwalk.BRITISH supermodel NaomiCampbell, testifying at the warcrimes trial of former LiberianPresident Charles Taylor, saidyesterday she had been given apouch containing small, roughdiamonds while in South Africa,but did not know who theywere from.Complaining that having to appearin court was a “terrible incovenience",Campbell said twounidentified men came to her bedroomafter she attended a charitydinner with Taylor and then-SouthAfrican President Nelson Mandelain 1997.“I was sleeping and had a knockat the door that woke me up. Twomen were there and they gave me apouch and said: ‘A gift for you’,”she told the UN Special Court forSierra Leone in The Hague.“I went back to bed. I looked intothe pouch the next morning,”the model said. “I saw a few stones.They were very small, dirty lookingstones.”Prosecutors summoned Campbellto support their allegationsthat Taylor had received so-called“blood diamonds” from rebels inSierra Leone and used them to buyweapons during his 1997 trip toSouth Africa.Taylor has denied the allegationsas “nonsense".He is charged with 11 counts ofinstigating murder, rape, mutilation,sexual slavery and conscriptionof child soldiers during warsin Liberia and Sierra Leone inwhich more than 250 000 peoplewere killed. He denies all thec h a rg e s .Under defence questioning,Campbell stressed she did notknow whether the stones camefrom Taylor. She said she hadhanded them to the director of theNelson Mandela Children’s Fund,Jeremy Ratcliffe, on boarding a luxurytrain the following day andasked him “to do something goodwith them".But the charity has denied everreceiving any diamonds from themodel and said it was unable to locateor make contact with Ratcliffe,who is now an executivetrustee and no longer d i re c t o r.Campbell said she had calledRatcliffe a year ago to ask what hehad done with the stones, and thathe had told her he still had them.The supermodel said she recountedthe incident at breakfastto actress Mia Farrow and modellingagent Carole White.“One of the two said ‘That’s obviouslyCharles Taylor’, and I said‘I guess it was’,” the model told thecour t.Asked whether she thought itwas strange to be given such a gift,Campbell replied: “It’s not abnormalfor me to get gifts, I get gifts allthe time.”Speaking calmly, Campbell saideither Farrow or White had saidthe stones were probably diamonds,but she did not recallshowing the stones to the women,despite taking the pouch with herto breakfast.Defence lawyers had tried todelay her testimony, arguing theformer Liberian president was beingdenied the right to a fair trial,although her evidence did not appearto incriminate him.Citing concerns for her security,the 40-year-old supermodelwon a court order barring journalistsfrom photographing or filmingher arrival and departure fromFITTING SEND-OFF . . . Aviwe Kololo, 16, is congratulated byNelson Mandela Bay Mayor Zanoxolo Wayile at a send-off functionin Korsten last night.Picture: JUDY DE VEGAHOT SEAT. . . Former Liberian President Charles Taylor atthe UN Special Court for Sierra Leone y e s t e rd a y.the courthouse. “I don’t want to beh e re ,” Campbell told the court afterbeing subpoenaed to appear.Prosecutors had alleged thatTaylor -- accused of receiving thediamonds from rebels a month beforehis trip to South Africa -- gaveCampbell a large rough cut diamondafter the dinner. They planto call White and Farrow on Monda y.The prosecution says Whitehad heard Taylor say he was goingto give Campbell a diamond andwas there when she received it,while Farrow attended the receptionwhere Campbell met Taylorand was told later by Campbellabout the gift. Defence lawyer Griffithshas argued that Campbell’sevidence is “entirely based on conje c t u re ”. – Reuters, SapaTESTIFYING. . . A frame grab from a video shows Naomi Campbell testifying at the war crimes trial of former Liberian PresidentCharles Taylor at the UN Special Court in The Hague yesterday.Pictures: REUTERSBay schoolgirl off to play soccer in EnglandLuyolo Mkentane CREATIVE TALENT WORKSHOPS Tel: 041 581 3638 25 9th Ave. WalmerYOUR CREATIVITY STARTS HERECreative WomenWorkshops - 9 AugustALL YOUR CRAFTING NEEDS UNDER ONE ROOFA PORT Elizabeth schoolgirl is theonly female soccer player from theEastern Cape in the national women’sunder-17 squad to play theEngland national team in two internationalfriendly matches in Englandthis month.Aviwe Kololo, 16, a Grade 11pupil at Masiphathisane HighSchool, comes from NU2 in Motherwell.She is a striker for the localteam Liverpool Ladies.Aviwe will leave for a camp in Johannesburgon Monday. The squadwill then leave for England next Saturd a y. The matches will be playedon August 17 and 19.In celebrating Wo m e n ’s Month(August), SA Football Association(Safa), Nelson Mandela Bay, held asend-off function for Aviwe andCRAH0608/VVENJOY COFFEE & CRAFTSfour other players who will representthe province in the week-long2010 Absa women’s league nationalchampionship in Mafikeng fromM o n d a y. The event is to be hostedby Safa Central.The players include Anelisa Sonjica(LiverpoolLadies), AkhonaMooi (VulumziHigh School LadiesFC), BusisiweMashumi andAsanda Magele,who both play forfootball club KubsLadies.Attending the function at theSafa Bay Korsten offices were NelsonMandela Bay Mayor ZanoxoloWayile; Safa president Fina Mzimkhulu,his deputy Monde Mhletywaand Safa Bay spokesman IsaacKlaas, among others.Aviwe, whose father and motherplayed soccer and netball respectivelyat school, said: “I’m proud tobe representing the province in thenational squad. But I don’t think Iwould have made it this far withoutthe support fromManythought itwas uselessfor me to beconcentratingon soccerrelevant stakeholders.“Many thoughtit was useless forme to be concentratingon soccersince I’m a girl.”She said shestarted playing soccer “with theboys” at the age of seven. “But Istarted playing with other girls in2007. I haven’t looked back since. Icried tears of joy for the first timein my life when I received the newsthat I would be joining the squad.”Aviwe, who has registered about28 goals at Liverpool Ladies, said: “Ican’t do it alone (in England). It willtake a team effort to produce goodre s u l t s .”Wayile said the government haddrawn a number of lessons fromthe 2010 Fifa World Cup, which includedusing sports as a social cohesion.“That’s one of the rich legaciesthat we have to maintain becauseit will benefit our childrenand the generations to come.”Wayile, who had a passion forsoccer, rugby and boxing, amongother sporting codes, felt sportought to be used “as a politicaltool”, urging the players not to“squander the opportunities atyour disposal”.The national squad will returnhome on August 21.

Appendix B-2All I&AP Correspondence

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 13 August 2010 17:17To:Cc:Sharwood, Clive (ZA - Port Elizabeth)Karen Opitz; Sekena MasoetSubject: RE: Proposed Seismic Survey off the South East Coast of South AfricaDear CliveWe have registered you and your organisation as IAPs. Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage formore information about the proposed survey.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Sharwood, Clive (ZA - Port Elizabeth) [mailto:csharwood@deloitte.co.za]Sent: 13 August 2010 14:23To: Albert de JongCc: Libby & Clive Sharwood; samrec@mtnloaded.co.za; Eckart; Norbert KlagesSubject: Proposed Seismic Survey off the South East Coast of South AfricaOn behalf of Samrec I wish to be registered as an interested and affected party regarding the EMPr .OrganisationSouth African Marine Rehabilitation and Education Centre Trust (Samrec)P O Box 20101Humewood6013Tel: 041 583 1830Fax 041 583 1835Contact personClive SharwoodChairmanTel 082 568 1753e-mail: shaca@global.co.zaSamrec is a rehabilitation and education centre that deals with injured or compromised marine animals.In particular Samrec cares for the endangered African Penguin. As Algoa Bay is home to more than 40%of the world’s population of the African Penguin and their numbers have declined significantly in the lastdecade and having lost 90% of the population in the last century, any threat to the African Penguin could30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2have devastating consequences to this bird. Therefore any activity in the area of the breeding islands, StCroix and Bird Island would be of interest to Samrec to ensure that it does not have consequences for theAfrican Penguin population.While the interests of marine mammals and the fisheries are included on the interested and affectedparties list, and the key issues identified, there is no organisation listed that is concerned with marinebirds.Our concerns would be the effect that the proposed seismic survey would have on marine birds, inparticular the African Penguin, such as the effect of the streamers on the birds, their movements and theirprey, as well the effect of the underwater pneumatic devices and sound sources. We feel that this shouldalso be included as a key issue of the study. The birds are present year round and during breedingseason access to fishing grounds so that they can return to chicks with food is vital for the continuedsurvival of the endangered species.Clive SharwoodTaxDeloitte & ToucheAscot Office Park, Conyngham Street, Greenacres, Port Elizabeth, 6045Telephone +27 (0) 41 398 4000 | Fax +27 (0) 41 398 4100 | Mobile +27 (0) 82 568 1753csharwood@deloitte.co.za | www.deloitte.comImportant Notice: This email is subject to important restrictions, qualifications and disclaimers ("theDisclaimer") that must be accessed and read by visiting our website and viewing the webpage at the followingaddress: http://www.deloitte.com/za/disclaimer. The Disclaimer is deemed to form part of the content of thisemail in terms of Section 11 of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 25 of 2002. If you cannotaccess the Disclaimer, please obtain a copy thereof from us by sending an email tozaitservicedesk@deloitte.co.za.Deloitte is a level 3 B-BBEE contributor. Empowerdex Rating: AA30/08/2010

DESERT DIAMOND FISHING (PTY) LTDCompany Reg. No. : 2003/011445/07VRYSTAAT ROADPAARDEN ISLAND7405PO BOX 56PAARDEN ISLAND7420TELEPHONE: +27 21 508 9600FACSIMILE: +27 21 511 5354VESSEL MANAGER: PAUL MATTHECKADIRECT: +27 21 508 9742MOBILE: +27 82 772 2655E-MAIL:pmatthecka@bluecon.co.zaOPERATIONS DIRECTOR: PIERRE ROCHERDIRECT: +27 21 508 9747AFTER HOURS +27 21 979 0989MOBILE: +27 83 277 6378E-MAIL:procher@bluecon.co.za

Normal templatePage 1 of 3Linda SlabberFrom:Rocher, Pierre [procher@bluecon.co.za]Sent: 12 August 2010 16:43To:Cc:Subject:Albert de JongSekena MasoetRE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coastof South Africa (Ref: 0120496)Attachments: full style DDF.docFrom: Albert de Jong [mailto:Albert.deJong@erm.com]Sent: 12/08/2010 16:37To: Rocher, PierreCc: Sekena MasoetSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Dear PierreFurther to your enquiry regarding the proposed seismic survey, I have provided below the coordinates of the 1,500 km2seismic zone. A 500 km2 survey will be undertaken somewhere within the larger 1,500 km2 zone, however, the finallocation has not be defined at this stage.Approximate Lat long DD MM SS coordinates of the 1500km2 survey zone are as follows:LATLONG-34 20 48.9632 26 05 43.8876-33 54 44.8571 25 53 14.2308-33 48 44.0439 26 10 58.9111-34 14 44.9568 26 23 39.9005Please send us with your full contact details to register you as an Interested and Affected Party.Regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Linda SlabberSent: 12 August 2010 13:53To: Albert de JongSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 3Africa (Ref: 0120496)From: Rocher, Pierre [mailto:procher@bluecon.co.za]Sent: 12 August 2010 13:30To: Linda SlabberCc: Sands, MichaelSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Dear LindaCan you please forward us the coordinates of the survey zones?ThanksPierre RocherDesert Diamond FishingFrom: Sands, MichaelSent: 11/08/2010 09:12To: Rocher, PierreSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)From: Linda Slabber [mailto:Linda.Slabber@erm.com]Sent: 10/08/2010 17:15To: Linda SlabberSubject: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South Africa(Ref: 0120496)Dear Interested and Affected PartyNew African Global Energy Limited (NewAGE) has applied for an Exploration Right in terms of the Mineral and PetroleumResources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002), over an area that is referred to as the Algoa Gamtoos block. Asrequired by the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, an EMPr has to be compiled and submitted to thePetroleum Agency SA as part of an application for an Exploration Right.This email is being distributed to Interested and Affected Parties (IAPs) together with the attached BackgroundInformation Document (BID) as the first step of the EMPr process. The BID provides background information aboutseismic surveys and highlights some of the key issues regarding the potential impacts of these activities.You are asked to comment in writing on information contained in the BID so that your concerns can be addressed as partof the EMPr. Your comments should reach the offices of ERM by 6 September 2010.Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage for further information. Please contact the undersigned if youhave any queries.Yours sincerely----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.com30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 3 of 3www.erm.comThis electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received this electronicmail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com********************************&&&&&&*************************************This e-mail and its content are subject to conditions as set out at:http://www.oceana.co.za/email_disclaimer.phpShould you be unable to read these conditions, you can obtaina copy by sending a blank e-mail to: disclaimer@oceana.co.za********************************&&&&&&*************************************This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received this electronicmail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom: Karen OpitzSent: 24 August 2010 10:47To: Sekena MasoetCc: Albert de JongSubject: FW: NewAge Addo MPAFrom: Albert de JongSent: 24 August 2010 09:26 AMTo: Lydia Du Toit; Karen OpitzSubject: FW: NewAge Addo MPAHi LydiaPlease see attachment. We should include the proposed Addo MPA on the map please.RegardsALbertwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Oosthuizen, Anè (Dr) (Summerstrand Campus South) [mailto:Ane.Oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.za]Sent: 24 August 2010 09:08To: Albert de JongSubject: registration as I&APMr De JongPlease register SANParks (details below) as a I&AP for the NewAGE Seismic survey project, off Algoa Bay.Our specific comments below:The proposal of extending the Addo Elephant National Park into the marine environment came in the late 1990s,with planning starting in the early 2000’s. Algoa Bay is one of the most diverse areas along the South African coast,including several endangered seabird and mammal species. The MPA proclamation process is underway withnegotiations with both the Dept Environmental Affairs and Dept of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.The proposed prospecting area of NewAGE overlaps the Addo MPA proposed (see figure), although only a smallproportion. SANParks would thus suggest moving the survey area out of the proposed MPA area as it is not asignificant size of the prospecting area. A further buffer zone around the proposed MPA, as done for Bird Island,would significantly reduce the impacts on the biodiversity.Seismic impacts, although considered short-term, will affect several CITES listed species in Algoa Bay. Of greaterconcern is the future development that might come after the initial survey and resultant cumulative impacts onthe bay’s biodiversity.Other factors already impacting on the biodiversity of the Bay is the Coega IDZ and Port development, withincreased shipping, and a proposed oil refinery and Single Point Mooring for heavy crude transfer.Added extraction of hydrocarbon in the bay, will further increase the pressure on the vulnerable seabird and30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2mammal populations and threaten the rich biodiversity of Algoa Bay and the proposed Marine Protected Area.Specific short term effects of Seismic surveys:Marine mammals, including CITES listed species occurring in Algoa Bay:Humpback whale, Southern Right Whale, Humpback dolphin, Bottlenose dolphin, Bryde’s Whale. Impacts includebehavioural disruption, such as disturbance in feeding, resting and breeding areas, from as far as 12km away. Thenorthern half of Algoa Bay is particular importance as a nursery area for both Humpback and Southern rightwhales.Seabirds: Although seismic activity on seabirds are deemed low, the St Croix penguin population’s main feedingarea fall in or very close to the survey area.Squid: Algoa Bay is an important spawning area for squid, particularly during the summer months (Oct-Feb).Squid behaviour are known to be disrupted up to 5 km away from the survey area.If the survey area is moved out of the proposed MPA, including a similar buffer area as around Bird island, much ofthese impacts can be avoided.Long term effects of hydrocarbon extraction:Oil spills, both catastrophic and chronic and the impact on the two largest breeding colonies of gannets andpenguins in the world.Lasting environmental toxicityKind regards*********************************************************************Dr Ané OosthuizenNational Marine Co-ordinatorPark Planning & DevelopmentSouth African National ParksEmail: Ane.Oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.zaCell: 083 5408200Box 76693, N.M.M.U., 6031, Port ElizabethWebsite: www.sanparks.orgNOTICE: Please note that this eMail, and the contents thereof, is subject to the standard NMMU eMail disclaimer which may be found at:http://www.nmmu.ac.za/disclaimer/email.htm30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 24 August 2010 09:18To:Cc:Oosthuizen, Anè (Dr) (Summerstrand Campus South)Karen Opitz; Sekena MasoetSubject: RE: registration as I&APDear Dr OosthuizenThank you for your valuable inputs. We will certainly take these into account in compiling the EMPr.We have also registered you as an IAP and will keep you informed.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Oosthuizen, Anè (Dr) (Summerstrand Campus South) [mailto:Ane.Oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.za]Sent: 24 August 2010 09:08To: Albert de JongSubject: registration as I&APMr De JongPlease register SANParks (details below) as a I&AP for the NewAGE Seismic survey project, off Algoa Bay.Our specific comments below:The proposal of extending the Addo Elephant National Park into the marine environment came in the late 1990s,with planning starting in the early 2000’s. Algoa Bay is one of the most diverse areas along the South African coast,including several endangered seabird and mammal species. The MPA proclamation process is underway withnegotiations with both the Dept Environmental Affairs and Dept of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.The proposed prospecting area of NewAGE overlaps the Addo MPA proposed (see figure), although only a smallproportion. SANParks would thus suggest moving the survey area out of the proposed MPA area as it is not asignificant size of the prospecting area. A further buffer zone around the proposed MPA, as done for Bird Island,would significantly reduce the impacts on the biodiversity.Seismic impacts, although considered short-term, will affect several CITES listed species in Algoa Bay. Of greaterconcern is the future development that might come after the initial survey and resultant cumulative impacts onthe bay’s biodiversity.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2Other factors already impacting on the biodiversity of the Bay is the Coega IDZ and Port development, withincreased shipping, and a proposed oil refinery and Single Point Mooring for heavy crude transfer.Added extraction of hydrocarbon in the bay, will further increase the pressure on the vulnerable seabird andmammal populations and threaten the rich biodiversity of Algoa Bay and the proposed Marine Protected Area.Specific short term effects of Seismic surveys:Marine mammals, including CITES listed species occurring in Algoa Bay:Humpback whale, Southern Right Whale, Humpback dolphin, Bottlenose dolphin, Bryde’s Whale. Impacts includebehavioural disruption, such as disturbance in feeding, resting and breeding areas, from as far as 12km away. Thenorthern half of Algoa Bay is particular importance as a nursery area for both Humpback and Southern rightwhales.Seabirds: Although seismic activity on seabirds are deemed low, the St Croix penguin population’s main feedingarea fall in or very close to the survey area.Squid: Algoa Bay is an important spawning area for squid, particularly during the summer months (Oct-Feb).Squid behaviour are known to be disrupted up to 5 km away from the survey area.If the survey area is moved out of the proposed MPA, including a similar buffer area as around Bird island, much ofthese impacts can be avoided.Long term effects of hydrocarbon extraction:Oil spills, both catastrophic and chronic and the impact on the two largest breeding colonies of gannets andpenguins in the world.Lasting environmental toxicityKind regards*********************************************************************Dr Ané OosthuizenNational Marine Co-ordinatorPark Planning & DevelopmentSouth African National ParksEmail: Ane.Oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.zaCell: 083 5408200Box 76693, N.M.M.U., 6031, Port ElizabethWebsite: www.sanparks.orgNOTICE: Please note that this eMail, and the contents thereof, is subject to the standard NMMU eMail disclaimer which may be found at:http://www.nmmu.ac.za/disclaimer/email.htm30/08/2010

Mikes KleeMikes Dive Shop041 - 5853367owner082 -6549688mklee@iafrica.comP.O. Box 5317Walmer6065

Mikes KleeMikes Dive Shop041 - 5853367owner082 -6549688mklee@iafrica.comP.O. Box 5317Walmer6065

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom: Albert de JongSent: 16 August 2010 13:36To: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: 0120496_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Imie Patel [mailto:imie@letap.co.za]Sent: 16 August 2010 13:34To: Albert de JongSubject: FW: 0120496 Please consider your environmental responsibility.Before printing this e-mail ask yourself: "Do I really need a hard copy?"___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DISCLAIMERThe information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, ortaking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from anycomputer.VIRUS SCANIt is advised that the recipient must scan this e-mail and any attached files for viruses and the like. While we do everything possible to protect information from viruses, LETAP CC. accepts no liability of whatevernature for any loss, liability, damage or expense resulting directly or indirectly from the access and/or downloading of any files which are attached to this e-mail message.From: Imie Patel [mailto:imie@letap.co.za]Sent: Monday, August 16, 2010 4:29 AMTo: 'albert.dejong@em.com'Subject: 0120496Registering as an interested and affected party.LETAP FISHING CCThanking you and hoping the above is in order.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2RegardsIMIE PATEL Please consider your environmental responsibility.Before printing this e-mail ask yourself: "Do I really need a hard copy?"___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DISCLAIMERThe information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission,dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error,please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer.VIRUS SCANIt is advised that the recipient must scan this e-mail and any attached files for viruses and the like. While we do everything possible to protect information from viruses, LETAP CC.accepts no liability of whatever nature for any loss, liability, damage or expense resulting directly or indirectly from the access and/or downloading of any files which are attached to thise-mail message.30/08/2010

Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 12 August 2010 20:13To:Irene & Clive RuleCc:Karen Opitz; Sekena MasoetSubject:RE: Seismic survey Algoa BayDear Clive and Irene RuleThank you for your comments. We have registered you as an Interested and Affected Party.Your comments will be incorporated into the Environmental Management Programme report(EMPR) which will be submitted to Petroleum Agency of SA for decision-making. A copy ofthe EMPR will be made available on the project website: www.erm.com/newage.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com________________________________________From: Irene & Clive Rule [mailto:rule.ic@gmail.com]Sent: 12 August 2010 19:56To: Albert de JongCc: steenbok@aerosat.co.za; twojays@isat.co.za; samrec@mtnloaded.co.zaSubject: Seismic survey Algoa BayImportance: HighAs residents of Port Elizabeth and Honorary members of Marine & Coastal Management wewould like to register as interested parties...Please forward the relevant forms. I hope that you will see the light before destroyingpart of our coast especially so close to BIRD ISLAND where so many endangeredpenguins nest. We would really not like to have a repeat of “THE GULF OD MEXICO” oneday. So please ERM think twice before approving the NEW AGE request.Clive & Irene Rule6 Dahlia Street, Blue Horizon Bay, Port Elizabeth Box 28907, Sunridge Park, 6008 Tel /Fax +27 41 7761300 Mobile Clive + 027 82 7404013 Mobile Irene +27 82 572 5797 E-Mailrule.ic@gmail.com1

Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 13 August 2010 10:06To:TwoJaysCc:Karen Opitz; Sekena MasoetSubject:RE: Seismic survey Algoa BayAttachments:New Age EIA_BID Final.pdfNew Age EIA_BIDFinal.pdfDear JeanetteWe have registered you as an Interested and Affected Party. I have attached a BackgroundInformation Document with more information. You can also visit the project website forfurther information at www.erm.com/newage. Please call me if you have further queries.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions Monthly ERMNo. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate SocialResponsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.net -----OriginalMessage-----From: TwoJays [mailto:twojays@isat.co.za]Sent: 13 August 2010 09:55To: Albert de JongSubject: RE: Seismic survey Algoa BayMorning Mr de Jong, please could you let me know more or less what the procedures will bewith regard to meetings and the actual seismic surveys being conducted.Thanking youJeanette L NolteChairpersonBlue Horizon Bay ConservancyP O Box 29135Sunridge Park 6008Tel. no. 041 776 10501

Fax line 041 776 1975Cell 083 655 1050Email - twojays@isat.co.za-----Original Message-----From: Albert de Jong [mailto:Albert.deJong@erm.com]Sent: 13 August 2010 09:30 AMTo: TwoJaysSubject: RE: Seismic survey Algoa BayDear JeannettePlease provide us with your full contact details to register you as an IAP.Regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com________________________________________From: TwoJays [mailto:twojays@isat.co.za]Sent: 13 August 2010 09:21To: Albert de JongSubject: FW: Seismic survey Algoa BayImportance: HighMorningPlease could you register me as an interested party.Thanking youJeanette L NolteChairpersonBlue Horizon Bay ConservancyThis electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED,PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BY LAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intendedonly for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), orthe person responsible for delivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notifiedthat reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have receivedthis electronic mail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the stepsnecessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com2

Normal templatePage 1 of 1Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 24 August 2010 10:44To:Cc:MDECSekena MasoetSubject: RE: Seismic survey and WorkDear JessicaThank you for your email and CV. We have registered you as an IAP.I have also forwarded your CV to the director of our Impact Assessment and Planning team and Oil and Gas Sector lead.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: MDEC [mailto:mdec@iafrica.com]Sent: 24 August 2010 10:30To: Albert de JongSubject: Seismic survey and WorkDear AlbertPlease register me as an IAP for the Algoa seismic project.Also, I am interested to know if ERM have any work opportunities for environmental consultants, particularly on an ad hoc orcontract basis when you have insufficient capacity. I live nearby in St James, have Masters in Zoology and Environmental Science,and 18 years consulting experience across southern Africa (mainly SA, Lesotho and Namibia) in a range of projects from the oil andgas industry, diamond mining, dams, roads, powerlines, and irrigation, as well as baseline and biodiversity studies.For the oil and gas industry I have done desktop EMPs for Angolan offshore oil; recently worked on the EMPRs for PetroSA; anddone the last three years of Sasol's Mozambique's compliance reports for the World Bank.My CV is attached for your reference.I look forward to hearing from you.Kind RegardsJessica***********************Jessica HughesP.O. Box 31,Kalk Bay, 7990Cape TownTel/Fax +27 (0) 21 788 2860Cell 083 6575125***********************30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom:Karen OpitzSent: 27 August 2010 18:33To:Cc:mdec@iafrica.comSekena MasoetSubject: FW: Seismic survey and WorkHi JessicaWe have registered you as an IAP. Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage for more information aboutthe proposed survey.Regarding the work opportunities, I will pass on your CV and I’ll add your details to our database of specialists/consultants.Best regardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.From: Tougheeda AspelingSent: 26 August 2010 08:58 AMTo: Karen OpitzSubject: FW: Seismic survey and WorkFrom: MDEC [mailto:mdec@iafrica.com]Sent: 24 August 2010 10:38To: Tougheeda AspelingSubject: Fw: Seismic survey and WorkHi TougheedaAs discussed....ThanksJessica----- Original Message -----From: MDECTo: albert.dejong@erm.comSent: Tuesday, August 24, 2010 10:29 AM30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2Subject: Seismic survey and WorkDear AlbertPlease register me as an IAP for the Algoa seismic project.Also, I am interested to know if ERM have any work opportunities for environmental consultants, particularly on an adhoc or contract basis when you have insufficient capacity. I live nearby in St James, have Masters in Zoology andEnvironmental Science, and 18 years consulting experience across southern Africa (mainly SA, Lesotho and Namibia) in arange of projects from the oil and gas industry, diamond mining, dams, roads, powerlines, and irrigation, as well asbaseline and biodiversity studies.For the oil and gas industry I have done desktop EMPs for Angolan offshore oil; recently worked on the EMPRs forPetroSA; and done the last three years of Sasol's Mozambique's compliance reports for the World Bank.My CV is attached for your reference.I look forward to hearing from you.Kind RegardsJessica***********************Jessica HughesP.O. Box 31,Kalk Bay, 7990Cape TownTel/Fax +27 (0) 21 788 2860Cell 083 6575125***********************30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom: Albert de JongSent: 16 August 2010 17:38To: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: Media enquiry -_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Jean Malan [mailto:JMalan@newafricanglobalenergy.com]Sent: 16 August 2010 17:26To: Albert de Jong; Jan Beckering VinckersCc: Patrick BirdSubject: RE: Media enquiry -Dear Jan & Albert,See e-mail to go to Jorisna if OK-ed by you and waiting on London to provide OK for the attachment (currently notapproved for public or media) that should also be place on the ERM web for public viewing. Answers in Afrikaans whichshe prefer so, to avoid wrong wording, interpretation etc.JeanBeste Jorisna,Soos oor die telefoon genoem hiermee antwoorde vanaf NewAge (African Global Energy) direk ingevoeg in jou vraelys.Sou iets onduidelik wees moet asb nie huiwer om te vrae of my te skakel nie.Beste groeteJeanFrom: Jorisna Bonthuys [mailto:JBONTHUY@DIEBURGER.COM]Sent: 12 August 2010 11:22 AMTo: luannvh@newafricanglobalenergy.comCc: Jorisna BonthuysSubject: Media enquiry -Dear Luann (hope I have the spelling correct)As discussed telephonically earlierI am doing a story on this application and am looking for the following A copy of the application submitted in terms of the MPRDA that is currently considred by PASA (if possible) Kan jyasb PASA nader vir afsrif. A copy of the (basic) acceptance letter by PASA in terms of the MPRDA Nader asb PASA vir afskrif. The date upon whihc the EMP has to be submitted to PASA. 10 September 2010. Particulars of the applicant – including descriptive information regarding the company structure, shareholders anddirectors, and other projects that the company has been involved with elsewhere pdf dokument met gevraagdeinligting aangeheg wat ook . What is the technical/geological motivation for this application? Please provide some details on what the applicantis basing the application on (the geological argument, where they expect to find hydrocarbons and for what gas inparticular they are looking). Seismiese data asook aflandige Soekor boorgate van die 80’s en twee oplandboorgate van die laat 60’s dui op die potensiaal van veral olie in sedimentêre afsettings van Krytouderdom in dieaflandinge Algoakom teenoor Port Elizabeth. Moderne 3D sesimiese data word benodig vir defenisie van diemoontlike olie-draende sande alvorens enge verder werk gedoen kan word. Die moontlikheid van kondensaat(“ligte olie of natgas”) voorkomste is nie uitgesluit nie.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2I would think that this application (proposed sismic surveys) would trigger a NEMA EIA, yet it seems not to be thecase. Please provide more details. Soos ons en ERM dit sien inisieër hierdie aansoek nie ‘n NEMA EIA nie, wategter wel die geval is indien boorwerk sou volg op positiewe resultate van die 3D opname.Watter tipe ekonomiese inspuiting julle verwag die projek vir die streek kan lewer? Olie is die maklike ene want ditkan geproduseer en verskeep word na naaste teoganklike rafinadery as leweringspunt. Die fokus vangasproduksie sou rondom die opwekking van elektrisiteit wees, wat as aansienlike verligting tov Escomkraglewering vir die Nelson Mandelabaai, PE, Uitenhage, Coega area sal dien.Feel free to contact me if the above questions do not seem clear.I was able to get a BID-map from the website.Please provide feedback on the above questions as soon as possible (by 4 this afternoon would be great if possible. Also,please put my contact details on your list of interested parties so I can receive any further communcation on this project.Kind regardsJorisna Bonthuys083 286 7265------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This email and its contents are subject to an email legal notice that can be viewed at:http://www.naspers.com/email/disclaimer.html Should you be unable to access the link provided, please emailus for a copy at Helpdesk@Media24.com.Hierdie e-pos en sy inhoud is onderhewig aan 'n regskennisgewing oor elektroniese pos wat gelees kan word byhttp://www.naspers.com/epos/vrywaring.html 'n Afskrif kan aangevra word by Helpdesk@Media24.com.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The information in this email is confidential and is intendedonly for the person(s) named. Any other distribution, copyingor disclosure is prohibited. If you are not the intendedrecipient, please notify the sender immediately.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 1Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 16 August 2010 17:41To:Cc:Subject:Judian Brukfishfresh@mweb.co.za; Sekena MasoetRE: Acoustic Survey off PEAttachments: New Age EIA_BID Final.pdfDear JudianThank you for your call and for referring us to the inshore shark fisheries.Dear MariusAttached please find a Background Information Document regarding the proposed seismic survey. Please provide uswith your full contact details so that we can register you / your organisation as an Interested and Affected Party.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Judian Bruk [mailto:judianbruk@telkomsa.net]Sent: 16 August 2010 14:46To: Albert de JongCc: fishfresh@mweb.co.zaSubject: Acoustic Survey off PEDear AlbertIn our discussion I mentioned my concerns for the welfare of inshore shark fishers such as Fishermans Fresh.Please contact Marius at Fishermans Fresh.I have included his email address in the CC field of this post.RegardsJudian Bruk30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 3Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 16 August 2010 14:12To:Cc:Subject:mark@balobi.comSekena Masoet; Karen OpitzFW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coastof South Africa (Ref: 0120496)Attachments: _0816134125_001.pdfHi MarkWe have registered you as an Interested and Affected Party.Thanks for your comments. We will address these in the EMP report.We’ll expect further feedback from the Eastern Cape Pelagic Association.Regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Mark Rowe [mailto:mark@balobi.com]Sent: 16 August 2010 13:48To: Albert de JongSubject: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South Africa(Ref: 0120496)Hello Albert,Please list us as an interested and affected party. We are particularly concerned about the effect this exclusion zone willhave on our sardine catches in the period Nov/Dec to Feb/March as we customarily catch a lot of sardine in the areafrom the Rye Banks – Bird Island.I have forwarded your correspondence to the Eastern Cape Pelagic Association as well and they may also respond.Regards,Mark Rowe+27 42 2940148 (T)+27 42 294 0149 (F)+27 42 294 0070 (F)+ 27 82 898 7008 (Mobile)30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 3Skype: mark.rowe-balobiwww.balobi.comWe will attend CONXEMAR in Vigo from 5 – 7 October 2010.Zone H Stand H6It will be nice to meet you there !The information transmitted in this e-mail is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Should youhave received this e-mail in error please notify the sender and delete all copies of the e-mail. Unauthorised use, disclosure or copying of any part of this e-mail, or any similaraction, is prohibited. No opinion expressed or implied by the sender necessarily constitutes the opinion of BALOBI TRADING. This e-mail does not constitute a guarantee orproof of the facts mentioned herein. No employee or intermediary is authorised to conclude a binding agreement on behalf of BALOBI TRADING by e-mail without the expresswritten confirmation by a duly authorised representative of BALOBI TRADING.From: John Raubenheimer [mailto:bluwater@telkomsa.net]Sent: Monday, August 16, 2010 06:59 AMTo: 'Greg Christy'; 'Mark Rowe'; 'Corris Meyer'Cc: 'C Hattingh'; 'Colin Ferreira'Subject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Gents,I think this proposed survey and future exploration may have some impact on your industry and I would suggest youregister as an "interested and affected" party.Regards,John.From: Bruce Jones [mailto:brucej@mjvn.co.za]Sent: 15 August 2010 12:59 PMTo: Andrew Bowie; BFT LEE; Dave Oostingh; DICK PRATT; ERWIN BURSIK; GEOFF WANVIG; John Pledger; JOHNRAUBENHEIMER; KOOS PRETORIUS - NORTHERNS; LAPPIES LABUSCHAGNE; MARIUS VERMAAK; PHILLIP MARX; REYVAN TONDER; RUSSELL HAND; SOUTHERN GAUTENG; STAN WALTER; Tim ScholtzSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Attached is a BID ( Background Information Document) detailing an oil/gas exploration exercise in the AlgoaBay area. I have registered SADSAA as an IAP. I do not expect there to be much interference with recreationaldeep sea angling as the exploration area is in fairly deep water and relatively far off the coast. The survey willtake place over some 3 months starting nov/Dec 2011If any one has any comments please let me have them asap so that they can be submitted as part of the EMPrprocess.Regards,BruceEnvironment Officer, SADSAAFrom: Linda Slabber [mailto:Linda.Slabber@erm.com]Sent: 10 August 2010 05:15 PMTo: Linda Slabber30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 3 of 3Subject: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South Africa(Ref: 0120496)Dear Interested and Affected PartyNew African Global Energy Limited (NewAGE) has applied for an Exploration Right in terms of the Mineral and PetroleumResources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002), over an area that is referred to as the Algoa Gamtoos block. Asrequired by the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, an EMPr has to be compiled and submitted to thePetroleum Agency SA as part of an application for an Exploration Right.This email is being distributed to Interested and Affected Parties (IAPs) together with the attached BackgroundInformation Document (BID) as the first step of the EMPr process. The BID provides background information aboutseismic surveys and highlights some of the key issues regarding the potential impacts of these activities.You are asked to comment in writing on information contained in the BID so that your concerns can be addressed as partof the EMPr. Your comments should reach the offices of ERM by 6 September 2010.Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage for further information. Please contact the undersigned if youhave any queries.Yours sincerely----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.comThis electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received this electronicmail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com__________ Information from ESET Smart Security, version of virus signature database 5368 (20100815)__________The message was checked by ESET Smart Security.http://www.eset.com30/08/2010

BAYWORLD CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND EDCUATION, PO BOX 13147, PORTELIZABETH, 6013, SOUTH AFRICAPHONE (+27) 041 584 0650 • FAX (+27) 041 584 0661 • E-MAILRAGGEDTOOTHSHARK@BAYWORLD.CO.ZADR MATTHEW LAURENCEDICKENPERSONAL INFORMATION• Marital status: Single• Citizenship: Dual - British and South African• Age: 39EDUCATION2006 – 2007 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University South AfricaPost Doctoral Degree• Post doctoral study investigating the behaviour and movementpatterns of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) within the Aliwal ShoalMPA.2002 – 2006 Rhodes University South AfricaDoctorate Degree• My doctorate study focused on the population dynamics ofraggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) in South Africa. Myresearch developed one of the worlds first open population modelsfor a recreational shark species.1995 - 1998 University of Port Elizabeth South AfricaMasters Degree in Marine Biology• My thesis investigated coastal groundwater water pollution in AlgoaBay.1990 - 1993 University of Liverpool EnglandHonors Degree in Marine Biology (First Class)• My honors degree was conducted at the Port Erin marine researchstation on the Isle of Man. My final year thesis investigatedmicrohabitat species diversity on man made coastal structures.1982 - 1989 Chichester High School for Boys England• Eight “O-Levels” including Math and English (7 grade B and 1grade C). Three “A-Levels” (Biology, Chemistry and Geography).

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCECurrent• I am currently a Research Associate at the Nelson MandelaMetropolitan University (NMMU) and Bayworld Centre for Researchand Education (BCRE). I lecture various marine biology andcoastal development courses at the University. Aspects of thesecourses deal specifically with fishery management and assessmenttechniques. As a senior research scientist at BCRE I currently leadseveral fishery projects. The most notable is on white shark andbeach and bather safety in the Port Elizabeth Metropole.2001 - 2009 Various independent contracts including:Consultancy for the Straits Group• Feasibility study on the potential for an integrated kob, abalone andoyster aquaculture facility within the East London IDZ.• Bio-monitoring study on the ichthyofauna within the Port of Ngqura.Consultancy for Shark Life• National fishing policy project. The aim is to amend the currentrecreational bag limit of chondrichthyans from 1 to 0.• Investigation into the utilisation of Mozambique and Transkeiestuaries by Zambezi (bull) sharks.Marine and Coastal management• Input into the formulation of diving, export and protection policiesfor various recreational shark species, including the raggedtoothshark. Specialist input into South Africa’s Shark Management Plan• Economic valuations of recreational tiger shark diving and thesardine run to coastal communities.South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement• Development of marine educational programs for National ScienceWeek, National Marine Week and Bioscience month between 2007and 2010.South African Environmental Observation network• Dive supervision of various Bird Island MPA long-term monitoringprojectsSave Our Seas Foundation• Investigation into the behaviour and movement patterns of tigersharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) within the Aliwal Shoal MPA

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS• Fishery survey techniques, stock assessment and data analysis ofboth recreational and commercial fisheries.• Fisheries Population modelling. Open and closed tag recoverymodels such as Jolly Seber; Biomass dynamic models, VirtualPopulation Analyses. Utilisation of tag-recapture programs such asMARK.• Coastal development models and practices, including legislationand policies.• Aquaculture development models and practices, includinglegislation and policies.• Geographical Information Systems (GIS). ArcGIS 9 and its variousextensions such as Tracker and Spatial analyst.• Proficient in a variety of advanced statistical techniques including;model and distribution fitting using non-linear maximisationroutines. Parametric and nonparametric re-sampling techniquessuch as ‘Monte Carlo” simulation.• Class IV Scientific diver and commercial dive supervisor• Commercial skippers licence.SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONSPublished• Dicken, M. L., Smale, M.J., and Booth, A. J. 2006a. Shark fishingeffort and catch of the raggedtooth shark (Carcharias taurus) in theSouth African competitive shore angling fishery. Afr. J. mar. Sci.28(3), 589-601• Dicken, M. L., Smale, M. J., and Booth, A.J. 2006b. Spatial andseasonal distribution patterns of the raggedtooth shark (Carchariastaurus) along the coast of South Africa. Afr. J. mar. Sci. 28(3), 603-616• Dicken, M. L., Booth, A. J., and Smale, M. J. 2006. Preliminaryobservations of tag shedding, tag reporting, tag wounds and tagbiofouling for raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) tagged off theeast coast of South Africa. ICES J. Mar. Sci 63, 1640-1648• Dicken, M. L., Smale, M. J., Booth, A. J., and Cliff, G. 2007. Spatialand seasonal distribution patterns of juvenile and adult raggedtoothsharks (Carcharias taurus) tagged off the east cost of South Africa.Mar. Fresh. Res. 58, 127-134• Dicken, M. L., Booth, A. J and Smale, M. J. 2008. Estimates ofjuvenile and adult raggedtooth shark (Carcharias taurus)abundance along the east coast of South Africa. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci. 65, 621-632• Dicken, M. L. 2008. First observations of young of the year andjuvenile great white sharks scavenging from a whale carcass. Mar.

Fresh. Res. 59, 596-602• Dicken, M. L and Hosking, S. G. 2009. Socio-economic aspects ofthe tiger shark diving industry within the Aliwal Shoal MarineProtected Area, South Africa. Afr. J. mar. Sci. 31(2), 227-232.• Dicken, M. L., Booth, A. J., and Smale, M. J. 2009. Factorsaffecting recapture rates of raggedtooth sharks Carcharias taurustagged off the east coast of South Africa Afr. J. mar. Sci. 31(3),365-372Accepted for publication in 2010• Dicken, M. L. Socio-economic aspects of boat-based ecotourismduring the sardine run within the Pondoland MPA, South Africa.Afr. J. mar. Sci.• Dicken, M. L. A preliminary investigation of the ichthyofauna in thePort of Ngqura, South Africa. Afr. J. mar. Sci.POPULAR ARTICLES• Tigers and turtles. Africa Geographic. August 2010• Seafood buffet. Africa Geographic. Sept 2008• 567 Cape Talk Radio. Interview on shark conservation. August2008• No bars – just stripes. Tiger shark research at Aliwal Shoal.SANCOR Newsletter. November 2007• 702 Cape Talk. Radio. Interview on sharks. November 2007• The last outpost of the raggedtooth shark empire. AfricaGeographic. Oct 2007• Tracking raggedtooth sharks. The Fishing and Hunting Journal.February 2007• The ultimate dental work. Sport Diver U.K. December 2006• Tag-recapture patterns of the raggedtooth shark. Tight lines. May2006• Shark fishing effort along the South African coast. Tight lines. July2006PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS• Member of the American Elasmobranch Society.• Specialist member of the Southern Africa Shark Working Group.• Specialist member of the South African MCM ChondrichthyanWorking Group.• Member of the Ngqura Environmental Monitoring Committee

From: Kerryn McKune DesaiSent: 26 August 2010 11:38 AMTo: Henry Camp; Stuart Heather-Clark; Kamal Govender; Karen Opitz; KatherineDegenaar; Zoe DaySubject: Fishery scientistHi AllMatthew Dickens contacted our office after hearing about our involvement withseismic surveys of our coast (New Age).He is a fisheries expert and seemed to be seeking involvement in the project; I toldhim that we have a fisheries expert already. I forward his CV for your information andpossible consideration for other work.KFrom: Matt Dicken [mailto:raggedtoothshark@bayworld.co.za]Sent: 26 August 2010 11:09 AMTo: Kerryn McKune DesaiSubject: fishery scientistHI Kerryn,Thanks for the chat earlier. Please see attached my C.V. for your records. I am afishery scientist based in Port Elizabeth. I have 10-years experience working in themarine environment on a variety of fishery projects.If you need any further information, please don't hesitate to contact me.All the bestMattMatt Dicken (PhD)Marine BiologistBCRE and NMMU Research AssociateTel office: +27 (0) 41 584 0650Tel mobile: +27 (0) 722 146 215Fax +27 (0) 41 584 0661

Normal templatePage 1 of 1Linda SlabberFrom: Albert de JongSent: 09 August 2010 20:34To: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: SEISMIC SURVEY OFF SOUTH EAST COAST_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Mike Botha [mailto:mabotha@lantic.net]Sent: 09 August 2010 20:26To: Albert de JongSubject: SEISMIC SURVEY OFF SOUTH EAST COASTDear AlbertKindly place my name on your mailing listas an interested party for the abovementionedprojectWishing you well and every success with thesurvey.Yours sincerelyMichael BothaPO BOX 203MOSSEL BAY 6500mabotha@lantic.net082 4244724044 695222230/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 1Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 09 August 2010 20:39To:Cc:Mike CastignaniKaren Opitz; Sekena MasoetSubject: RE: Seismic Survey off the South East Coast of South AfricaDear Mr CastignaniThe website is functional now – please go to www.erm.com/newage.Don’t hesitate to contact us if you have any queries.Regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Mike Castignani [mailto:softsense@afrihost.co.za]Sent: 08 August 2010 21:14To: Albert de JongSubject: Seismic Survey off the South East Coast of South AfricaHi Albert,I note that the link provided in the advertisement placed in the Herald on the 6th August is not functional.http://www.erm.com/newage does not appear to exist.Please can you provide the initial project information by return e-mail.Many thanksMike Castignani.softsense@afrihost.co.za083275348530/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 13 August 2010 08:41To:Cc:Mike CohenSekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for a Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast ofSouth AfricaDear MikeThanks for raising your concerns. We will address these in the Environmental Management Programme report.We have registered you as an Interested and Affected Party.Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage for more information on the proposed survey.Regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Mike Cohen [mailto:steenbok@aerosat.co.za]Sent: 13 August 2010 04:44To: Albert de JongSubject: Environmental Management Programme for a Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South AfricaHi AlbertPlease register me as an Interested Parry and keep me informed of the survey. I am particularly concerned about thepotential impacts on marine mammals and on the penguins and other sea birdsMany thanksSincerelyMike CohenWorking to conserve South Africa’s dwindling natural resources30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2Dr Mike CohenDirectorsteenbok@aerosat.co.zawww.environmentcen.co.zaCEN IEM Unit36 River RoadWalmerPort ElizabethSouth Africa 6070tel: +27 (041) 5812983fax: +27 (086) 504 2549mobile: 082320311130/08/2010

Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 30 August 2010 12:41To:Sekena MasoetSubject:FW: Registration as an Interested and Affected Party - Underwater AfricaAttachments:20100830085023601.tif20100830085023601.tif________________________________________From: Underwater Africa [uwafrica@gmail.com]Sent: 30 August 2010 08:59To: Albert de JongCc: alistair@dawsons.co.za; arthur@mako-diving.co.za; barry@marinesolutions.co.za;croberts@pgwc.gov.za; duncan@orca-industries.co.za; eneves10@gmail.com;erica@melespr.co.za; glentonk@vodamail.co.za; grant@blueflash.co.za; info@raggiecave.com;louis@mandelstam.net; mikerb@mweb.co.za; sarah@diveaction.co.za;underwaterandre@gmail.com; Conrad PrinceSubject: Registration as an Interested and Affected Party - Underwater AfricaTo whom it may concernPlease refer to the attached registration of Underwater Africa as an Interested andAffected Party--RegardsMonty GuestChairman, Underwater Africa"The CPR of Diving"Conservation - Promotion - RepresentationWebsite : www.uwa.org.zaEmail : info@uwa.org.zaTwitter : http://twitter.com/uwafricaCell : 082 456 1982Fax : 0866 175 463P.O. Box 362, Century City, 7446 Section 21 Registration Number: 2007/016660/08 PBO TaxExemption Number: 930 031 2491

Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 30 August 2010 12:08To:Underwater AfricaCc:Sekena MasoetSubject:RE: Registration as an Interested and Affected Party - Underwater AfricaDear Mr GuestThank you for your email. I can confirm that we have registered your organsation as anIAP.RegardsAlbert de JongERM________________________________________From: Underwater Africa [uwafrica@gmail.com]Sent: 30 August 2010 08:59To: Albert de JongCc: alistair@dawsons.co.za; arthur@mako-diving.co.za; barry@marinesolutions.co.za;croberts@pgwc.gov.za; duncan@orca-industries.co.za; eneves10@gmail.com;erica@melespr.co.za; glentonk@vodamail.co.za; grant@blueflash.co.za; info@raggiecave.com;louis@mandelstam.net; mikerb@mweb.co.za; sarah@diveaction.co.za;underwaterandre@gmail.com; Conrad PrinceSubject: Registration as an Interested and Affected Party - Underwater AfricaTo whom it may concernPlease refer to the attached registration of Underwater Africa as an Interested andAffected Party--RegardsMonty GuestChairman, Underwater Africa"The CPR of Diving"Conservation - Promotion - RepresentationWebsite : www.uwa.org.zaEmail : info@uwa.org.zaTwitter : http://twitter.com/uwafricaCell : 082 456 1982Fax : 0866 175 463P.O. Box 362, Century City, 7446 Section 21 Registration Number: 2007/016660/08 PBO TaxExemption Number: 930 031 2491

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 25 August 2010 10:34To:Cc:Nigel CampbellSekena MasoetSubject: RE: Proposed Seismic Survey Off the South East Coast of South AfricaDear Capt CampbellWe have registered you as an IAP. Please refer to the project website www.erm.com/newage for further informationregarding the proposed survey.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Nigel Campbell [mailto:NCAMPBELL@samsa.org.za]Sent: 25 August 2010 10:23To: Albert de JongSubject: Proposed Seismic Survey Off the South East Coast of South AfricaReference Number: 0120496Request to be registered as an interested party.Name: Capt. N.CampbellOrganisation: South African Maritime Safety AuthorityTelephone: 041 582 2138Position: Regional Manager : Southern RegionEmail: ncampbell@samsa.org.zaAddress:SAMSABay Suites1 a Humewood Road30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2Humerail6000Captain N.T.CampbellRegional Manager : Southern RegionSouth African Maritime Safety Authority [SAMSA]Office: +27 41 582 2138|Mobile: +27 83 309 6053 |Fax: +27 41 582 2130|Fax2Email: +27 86 157489www.samsa.org.za |E-Mail: ncampbell@samsa.org.zaBay Suites, 1a Humewood Road | Humerail | 6000 |South AfricaDisclaimer:This message (including any attachments) contains confidential information and is only for the intended recipient (orauthorised to receive for the intended recipient). If you are not the named addressee you should not disseminate, distributeor copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender immediately by e-mail if you have received this e-mail by mistake and deletethis e-mail from your system. E-mail transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secured or error-free as information could beintercepted, corrupted, lost, destroyed, arrive late or incomplete, or contain viruses. The South African Maritime SafetyAuthority therefore does not accept liability for any errors or omissions in the contents of this message, which may arise asa result of e-mail transmission.30/08/2010

Page 1 of 4Linda SlabberFrom: Ocean Messengers [ocean.messengers@gmail.com]Sent: 30 August 2010 14:52To: Albert de JongCc: Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: oil and gas off PEhttp://ocean-messengers.com/index.php/en/News/10-Oil-in-PE.phpwww.mype.co.zaWould You Live in a Noisy Neighbourhood?www.MyPE.co.za: Consider this scenario; For years you have stayed in a quietneighbourhood, your children have followed your example and also populate the same spaceas you, growing their families and enjoying the prosperity.Then, one day, totally unannounced, an alien craft moves into your neighbourhood and for days, weeks andmonths on end flies up and down releasing bursts of what sounds like a popping noise every 6 to 20 seconds.Sleeping is impossible, your body vibrates with the booming noise, your children cry all the time and thestress is making you 'slightly cranky'.What do you do?At first you run and hide, then, as you feel yourself going quietly mad, you leave your neighbourhood andmove in somewhere else where it is quieter and you can manage to keep on growing your family. Your formerhappy and healthy neighbourhood now becomes a no go zone.Imagine now that you are a vital cog in the marine food chain - choose your preffered creature - a sardine, apenguin, a seal, a whale, a dolphin, a calamari, a crab or any one of the many creatures that inhabit the seafloor and space of Algoa Bay.Here you are enjoying your marvelous life in the food chain - most everything is in balance so you don'tbegrudge the many predators feasting on your 'excess' loved ones as that is the circle of life. Everyone in yourneighbourhood is lusty, lively and happy.Along comes a Seismic Exploration ship (the alien craft!) and it, on a 6 to 20 second cycle, continuouslyblasts off an acoustic signal produced by the sudden release of high pressure air from many pneumatic devices(an airgun) - all of a sudden the sea is now full of popping and crackling sounds that you can feelcontinuously bashing against your lateral line and within the sensitive parts of your body.If you were that sea creature what would you do?I am willing to bet that you would not hang around waiting for the alien craft to stop it's operation in yourneighbourhood.South African company, New African Global Energy is proposing to conduct a 3D seismic survey in theAlgoa Gamtoos Block off the coast of Port Elizabeth to investigate oil and gas prospects.The Algoa Gamtoos Block stretches from Jeffreys Bay to Alexandria and covers an area of 12 000 SquareKilometres. The area that will be surveyed is around 50 kilometres off the Port Elizabeth shoreline, about30/08/2010

Page 2 of 4500km2 at a depth of between 100 and 200 metres. The proposed Seismic Survey area is contained within agreater area of 1 500 Square Kilometres.It is estimated that the survey will start in November or December 2011 and last three months.Deep water marine surveys are conducted using vessels capable of towing one or more seismic cables knownas "streamers". Modern 3D surveys use multiple streamers deployed in parallel, to record data suitable for thethree-dimensional interpretation of the structures beneath the sea bed. A single vessel may tow anything up to10+ streamers, each 6 km+ in length, spaced 50–150 m apart.A Seismic vessel engaged in surveying is defines as a "vessel restricted in it's ability to manoeuvre" andrequires that other vessels, especially those engaged in fishing shall keep out of the way.Typical applied for exclusion zones for Seismic ships could be 8 kilometres bow and stern and 6 kilometresport and starboard during the day time, 12 kilometres bow and stern and 9 kilometres port and starboardduring night time for the vessel which will be moving at between 3 and 6 knots.The basic principle behind seismology is based on when a seismic wave encounters a boundary between twomaterials with different impedances, some of the energy in the wave will be reflected at the boundary, whilesome of the energy will continue through the boundary. As a consequence there must be some truth in theassumption that these seismic surveys affect the marine population negatively physiologically andacoustically.The Acoustic Ecology Institute estimates that there are about a hundred commercial seismic survey vesselsworldwide, and that their activity is increasing the overall background noise in the sea to levels that are likelymaking long-range whale communication difficult.A 1996 study in Norway showed that airguns lowered fish catch rates over a 5 200 square kilometre area, a2004 study provided the first suggestions that airguns can cause long-term injuries in snow crabs, and surveysin 2001 and 2003 were implicated surveys in the beaching of squid that died from unexplained internalinjuries.A well-established body of research indicates that marine mammals tend to avoid active seismic surveyvessels, often exhibiting avoidance behavior at ranges of 5-30km; however, it is not uncommon for whales ordolphins to approach closer to operating airguns, whether out of curiosity or because of a biological need tobe where they are. In 2002, two beaked whales (proven most susceptible to sonar impacts) were found deadalong a shoreline near where an academic survey was underway; they were too decomposed to determine acause of death, but the incident became the first case of a survey being stopped by the courts due to animalsafety concerns.Wild fish stocks similarly avoid active seismic surveys; several studies since 1990 have shown that fishcatches decrease by 50% or more in areas of up to 5 200 square kilometres during seismic surveys; there isalso evidence that fish egg viability is decreased by long-term exposure to low frequency noise. There hasbeen very little study of the effects of airguns on more sedentary bottom-dwellers, or on plankton and otherfoundations of the food chain. Recent studies of caged fish and snow crabs have shown that both can sustainphysiological damage when airguns pass overhead.Industrial seismic surveys have been in operation worldwide for decades, with relatively few reports ofobvious harm to sea life. BUT, the biological effects of displacement and harassment by noise are not wellstudied. There is some evidence of long-term hearing damage in cetaceans.Though the effects of behavioral changes caused by animals avoiding sound are impossible to separate fromother population-level stressors on sea life such as toxins, etc, given the tenuous recovery of cetaceans, andthe global decline in most fish species, calls are increasing to limit additional stressors on these fragile30/08/2010

Page 3 of 4populations of sea life.Several beachings of giant squid along the coast of Spain have raised concerns that their deaths may havebeen caused by exposure to loud sounds, possibly seismic survey airguns. Unusual numbers of stranded squidappeared during seismic surveys in both 2001 and 2003, according to researcher Angel Guerra. None hadsigns of superficial damage, but all had internal injuries. Ear damage was present in all specimens, withfurther organ and tissue damage in some. "No one has ever seen this before in giant squid," says Guerra, whofears there might be many more victims.The first controlled study of snow crabs exposed to an active seismic survey has revealed a surprising amountof physiological damage. Crabs, which were caged on the seafloor as airguns passed 40 meters above them,exhibited tissue and organ damage, slightly poorer reproduction, and an increased number of lost legs.Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans researchers, who did the study, noted that there was nosignificant change in mortality or feeding patterns in crabs exposed to airguns, but that hemorrhaging andmembrane detachment in the crabs' ovaries was noted.Environmental Resources Management is calling on all interested and affected parties to comment on theproposed Seismic Survey by New African Global Energy.You can register your intent, issues and concerns by contacting ERM via e-mail, post or fax andquoting this reference number: 0120496: Tougheeda Aspeling - tougheeda.aspeling[at]erm.com (* See below as well) Fax: 021 701 7900 Post: Postnet Suite 90, Private Bag X12, Tokai, 7966Please Note: Registration must be done by 6 September 2010 An e-mail sent to the original ERM contact, * Albert De Jong (albert.dejong[at]erm.com) comes backwith an autoresponder saying: "Thank you for your email. I will be out of the office from Monday 23August and not return until 13 September. I will have intermittent access to emails. For urgent queriesplease contact Tougheeda Aspeling on tougheeda.aspeling[at]erm.com or + 27 21 702 9100begin_of_the_skype_highlighting + 27 21 702 9100 end_of_the_skype_highlighting."Local NGO, Ocean Messengers recently expressed their deep concern at the proposed Seismic Survey saying;"We want to express our deepest concerns with any oil exploration in our extremely vulnerable and fragilemarine environment. We strongly suggest to cancel your operation immediately.""Ocean Messengers stand together with our Members and expertise to try and prevent a similar catastropheas in the Gulf region happening in Algoa Bay and South African waters.""We have a lot to lose. Huge fishing grounds (Hake and Squid), a current (Agulhas) which is responsible forthe climate in the Northern Hemisphere as well as a huge biodiversity in marine mammals and sea birds.""Oil is a resource with limited accessibility and its time is running out. We need to concentrate onalternatives."More Reading: Wikipedia | ERM | Accoustic Technology Institute.--See our new project:Opaque30/08/2010

Page 4 of 4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-jKdwwtFXcHelp raise funds to protect our marine environment!OCEAN MESSENGERSwww.ocean-messengers.comocean.messengers@gmail.comCell.: 0721 420 420"we care about conservation"See what is at stake in Algoa Bay:http://www.youtube.com/user/gilarbel1#p/a/u/1/ewzrhyHQvwwThe information contained in this e-mail is confidential and is intended solely for the addressee. If you are notthe intended recipient, any accessing, disclosure, copying, distribution, action taken or other use thereof may beunlawful and give rise to a claim against you. If you received this e-mail in error, kindly contact the sender anddelete the material from any computer.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 1Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 06 August 2010 15:14To:Cc:Subject:Patrick CullSekena Masoet; Karen OpitzRE: proposed seismic surbeyAttachments: New Age EIA_BID Final.pdfDear Mr CullAttached please find a copy of the Background Information Document.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Patrick Cull [mailto:pdhcull@iafrica.com]Sent: 06 August 2010 15:09To: Albert de JongSubject: proposed seismic surbeyGood AfternoonI would be grateful if you would register me as an interested party and forward me the background information.Many ThanksPatrick CullAssistant EditorThe HeraldPort ElizabethPO Box 5607Walmer6056pdhcull@iafrica.com082 893 2870--This message has been scanned for viruses anddangerous content by Pinpoint Securemail,and is believed to be clean.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom: Albert de JongSent: 06 August 2010 15:33To: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: NewAGE proposed seismic surbeyFrom: Albert de JongSent: 06 August 2010 15:14To: 'Patrick Cull'Cc: Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: RE: proposed seismic surbeyDear Mr CullAttached please find a copy of the Background Information Document.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Patrick Cull [mailto:pdhcull@iafrica.com]Sent: 06 August 2010 15:09To: Albert de JongSubject: proposed seismic surbeyGood AfternoonI would be grateful if you would register me as an interested party and forward me the background information.Many ThanksPatrick CullAssistant EditorThe HeraldPort ElizabethPO Box 5607Walmer6056pdhcull@iafrica.com30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 2082 893 2870--This message has been scanned for viruses anddangerous content by Pinpoint Securemail,and is believed to be clean.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 1Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 12 August 2010 10:11To:Cc:Chadwick, PeterSekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South Africa(Ref: 0120496)Dear PeterThank you for your email. We have registered you as an IAP and we look forward to receiving your written comment.Best regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Chadwick, Peter [mailto:pchadwick@wwf.org.za]Sent: 12 August 2010 09:48To: Albert de JongSubject: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South Africa (Ref:0120496)Dear Albert,I have recently been made aware of the above proposal for Seismic surveys. Please can you register me as an IAP and keep me upto date with progress. My programme within WWF-SA will provide a written comment. Please confirm receipt of this email andconfirm that my name and programme has been registered as an IAP.Many thanks,Peter ChadwickManager: WWF Honda Marine Parks ProgrammeWWF South Africa ::Millennia Park, 16 Stellentia Avenue, Stellenbosch, 7600Private Bag X2, Die Boord, 7613Tel: +27 28 4251000Cell: +27 (0)82 3734190Email: pchadwick@wwf.org.zaSkype: peter.chadwick.wwfWeb: www.wwf.org.zaWWF for a living planet ®Broadband internet sponsored by internet solutionsClick here to view our online disclaimer and legal notice. If you are unable to access the link please call +27 21 888 2800 for a copy.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 3Linda SlabberFrom:Rocher, Pierre [procher@bluecon.co.za]Sent: 12 August 2010 16:41To:Cc:Albert de JongSekena MasoetSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast ofSouth Africa (Ref: 0120496)Thanks, have forwarded to our vessel for referenceFrom: Albert de Jong [mailto:Albert.deJong@erm.com]Sent: 12/08/2010 16:37To: Rocher, PierreCc: Sekena MasoetSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Dear PierreFurther to your enquiry regarding the proposed seismic survey, I have provided below the coordinates of the 1,500 km2seismic zone. A 500 km2 survey will be undertaken somewhere within the larger 1,500 km2 zone, however, the finallocation has not be defined at this stage.Approximate Lat long DD MM SS coordinates of the 1500km2 survey zone are as follows:LATLONG-34 20 48.9632 26 05 43.8876-33 54 44.8571 25 53 14.2308-33 48 44.0439 26 10 58.9111-34 14 44.9568 26 23 39.9005Please send us with your full contact details to register you as an Interested and Affected Party.Regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Linda SlabberSent: 12 August 2010 13:53To: Albert de JongSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 2 of 3From: Rocher, Pierre [mailto:procher@bluecon.co.za]Sent: 12 August 2010 13:30To: Linda SlabberCc: Sands, MichaelSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Dear LindaCan you please forward us the coordinates of the survey zones?ThanksPierre RocherDesert Diamond FishingFrom: Sands, MichaelSent: 11/08/2010 09:12To: Rocher, PierreSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)From: Linda Slabber [mailto:Linda.Slabber@erm.com]Sent: 10/08/2010 17:15To: Linda SlabberSubject: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South Africa(Ref: 0120496)Dear Interested and Affected PartyNew African Global Energy Limited (NewAGE) has applied for an Exploration Right in terms of the Mineral and PetroleumResources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002), over an area that is referred to as the Algoa Gamtoos block. Asrequired by the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, an EMPr has to be compiled and submitted to thePetroleum Agency SA as part of an application for an Exploration Right.This email is being distributed to Interested and Affected Parties (IAPs) together with the attached BackgroundInformation Document (BID) as the first step of the EMPr process. The BID provides background information aboutseismic surveys and highlights some of the key issues regarding the potential impacts of these activities.You are asked to comment in writing on information contained in the BID so that your concerns can be addressed as partof the EMPr. Your comments should reach the offices of ERM by 6 September 2010.Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage for further information. Please contact the undersigned if youhave any queries.Yours sincerely----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 3 of 3This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received this electronicmail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com********************************&&&&&&*************************************This e-mail and its content are subject to conditions as set out at:http://www.oceana.co.za/email_disclaimer.phpShould you be unable to read these conditions, you can obtaina copy by sending a blank e-mail to: disclaimer@oceana.co.za********************************&&&&&&*************************************This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received this electronicmail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com30/08/2010

Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 30 August 2010 12:49To:ocean.messengers@gmail.comCc:Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject:FW: please read! Surveys for marine oil and gas off PEDear Mr SchimphThank you for your email.We have registered you as an IAP and will address your concerns in the EMPr.RegardsAlbert De JongERM________________________________________From: Ocean Messengers [ocean.messengers@gmail.com]Sent: 30 August 2010 07:32To: Albert de JongSubject: please read! Surveys for marine oil and gas off PEDear Mr Dejong,Ocean Messengers would like to be on your list of "Interested and Effected Parties" .We want to express right now and herewith our deepest concerns about oil exploration inour extremely voulnerable and fragile marine environment.We strongly suggest to cancel your operation immediately.It becomes clear that oil exploration is becoming a real threat for Algoa Bay!We - Ocean Messengers NGO - stand together with our Members and expertise and try ouroutmost best to prevent a catastrophy alike the Golf region to happen around SA waters.We have a lot to lose. Huge fishing grounds (Hake and Squid), a current (Algulhas) whichis responsible for the climate in the Northern Hemisphere, a huge biodiversity in marinemamals and sea birds.Oil is a resource with limited accessibility and its time is running out. We need toconcentrate on alternatives.Thank youRainer Schimpf--See our new project:Opaquehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-jKdwwtFXcHelp raise funds to protect our marine environment!OCEAN MESSENGERSwww.ocean-messengers.com1

ocean.messengers@gmail.comCell.: 0721 420 420"we care about conservation"See what is at stake in Algoa Bay:http://www.youtube.com/user/gilarbel1#p/a/u/1/ewzrhyHQvwwThe information contained in this e-mail is confidential and is intended solely for theaddressee. If you are not the intended recipient, any accessing, disclosure, copying,distribution, action taken or other use thereof may be unlawful and give rise to a claimagainst you. If you received this e-mail in error, kindly contact the sender and deletethe material from any computer.--See our new project:Opaquehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-jKdwwtFXcHelp raise funds to protect our marine environment!OCEAN MESSENGERSwww.ocean-messengers.comocean.messengers@gmail.comCell.: 0721 420 420"we care about conservation"See what is at stake in Algoa Bay:http://www.youtube.com/user/gilarbel1#p/a/u/1/ewzrhyHQvwwThe information contained in this e-mail is confidential and is intended solely for theaddressee. If you are not the intended recipient, any accessing, disclosure, copying,distribution, action taken or other use thereof may be unlawful and give rise to a claimagainst you. If you received this e-mail in error, kindly contact the sender and deletethe material from any computer.2

Please notePage 1 of 2Linda SlabberFrom:Albert de JongSent: 18 August 2010 16:50To:Cc:Rory HaschickSekena MasoetSubject: RE: surveyDear RoryWe have registered you as an IAP. Please see the website www.erm.com/newage for more information.RegardsAlbert----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Rory Haschick [mailto:rhaschic@ecdc.co.za]Sent: 18 August 2010 16:45To: Albert de JongSubject: surveyImportance: HighPlease register me as an IAP for the proposed seismic survey off Algoa BayKind regards,Rory HaschickSector Specialist - Aquaculture, Fisheries &Environmental MngtUnit:Investment and Trade PromotionTel:043 7045710Fax:043 7436036Cell:0834103099email: rhaschic@ecdc.co.zawww.ecdc.co.za"Keeping the spirit of a united nation flying"30/08/2010

Please notePage 2 of 2 Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail.Please note: This email and its content are subject to the disclaimer as displayed at the following linkhttp://www.ecdc.co.za/disclaimer.asp. Should you not have Web access, send an email to info@ecdc.co.za and acopy will be sent to you.The Eastern Cape Development Corporation is joining the fight against fraud and theft in the Eastern Cape bysubscribing to Tip-offs Anonymous. This is an anonymous and completely independent crime disclosure service,which reports any incidents of wrongdoing in your dealings with ECDC. Call our toll free telephone hotline 0800204 854 or e-mail ecdc@tip-offs.com. Be heard and prevent crime. Information will be treated in the strictestof confidence.30/08/2010

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Karen Opitz06 September 2010 08:26 AMbarnaclebayrides@gmail.comSekena MasoetFW: Stake HolderAttachments: Stakeholder (Large).jpgMany thanks for your email. We have registered you as an I&AP and will keep you informed of developments in theprocess.RegardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.From: Tougheeda AspelingSent: 06 September 2010 07:55 AMTo: Karen OpitzSubject: FW: Stake HolderFrom: Barnacle BayRides [mailto:barnaclebayrides@gmail.com]Sent: 05 September 2010 22:44To: Tougheeda AspelingSubject: Fwd: Stake Holder---------- Forwarded message ----------From: Barnacle BayRides Date: 5 September 2010 22:39Subject: Stake HolderTo: albert.dejong@erm.com2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 2 of 2--Deewww.bbaytours.co.za0782433336--Deewww.bbaytours.co.za07824333362010/09/06

Page 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom: Albert de JongSent: 06 September 2010 12:44 PMTo: Sekena MasoetSubject: Fwd: Stake HolderBegin forwarded message:From: Barnacle BayRides Date: 5 September 2010 21:39:19 GMT+01:00To: Albert de Jong Subject: Stake Holder--Deewww.bbaytours.co.za07824333362010/09/06

2010/09/06Page 2 of 2

Page 1 of 1Sekena MasoetFrom: Albert de JongSent: 06 September 2010 12:44 PMTo: Barnacle BayRidesCc: Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: Re: Stake HolderDear DeeMany thanks for your contact details. We have registered you as an IAP.RegardsAlbert de JongERMOn 5 Sep 2010, at 21:39, Barnacle BayRides wrote:--Deewww.bbaytours.co.za07824333362010/09/06

Normal templatePage 1 of 3Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Karen Opitz06 September 2010 08:09 AMpmartin@axxess.co.zaSekena MasoetSubject: RE: Seismic Survey off Algoa BayDear Dr MartinApologies for the inconvenience regarding the out-of-office reply, Albert is relocating to our UK office and I have takenover from him on this project. We will however note this.Many thanks for your input, we have also registered you as an I&AP in this process and will keep you informed of theprocess. All I&AP comments will be addressed within the EMPR.Best regardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.-----Original Message-----From: Paul Martin [mailto:pmartin@axxess.co.za]Sent: 03 September 2010 22:57To: Albert de Jong; Tougheeda AspelingSubject: Seismic Survey off Algoa BayIn addition to my email sent earlier (see below) please formally register inthe document to PASA my disgust at receiving the "Out of Office" messagebelow when responding to a call for I&APs with a closing date of 6September. It is very unprofessional.Thank you for your email. I will be out of the office from Monday 23 Augustand not return until 13 September. I will have intermittent access toemails.For urgent queries please contact Tougheeda Aspeling ontougheeda.aspeling@erm.com or + 27 21 702 9100.2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 2 of 3Please note: As of 13 September 2010 my address is: ERM Norloch House, 36King's Stables Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH1 2EU.Tel: +44 (0)131 478 6000. F: +44 131 656 5813 Email. albert.dejong@erm.comThis electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLYPRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BY LAW FROMDISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) namesherein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading,copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have receivedthis electronic mail message in error, please contact us immediately andtake the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computersystem. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.comAlbert,>> Please register me as an I&AP for the seismic survey in the Algoa Gamtoos> Block and note my comments below:>> 1. The proposed starting months (Nov- early Dec) coincide exactely with> the> peak movement of Humpback Whales and their calves south from their> breeding> grounds. They gather off the SA cape's ready for their migration to> Antarctica at this time. Easter is generally when the Sardine Run (with> accompanying dolphins & Bryde's Whales) passes the Algoa Bay area. June> onwards is when the Humpback & Southern Right Whales start migrating north> through the area / arriving to breed. Early Jan - mid-March would> probably> be the best months wrt marine mammals. Dr Stephanie Plon at Bayworld, PE> is> doing monthly surveys of marine mammals in the Algoa Bay area (hence the> knowledge of marine mammal movements). It is essential that she be> consulted.>> 2. Algoa Bay supports the largest African Penguin (IUCN: Endangered)> breeding colonies in the world. A movement of fish resources away from the> breeding islands (St Croix & Bird Island) is thought to be at least> partially responsible for the collapsing populations (halved since 2007).> Any scaring away of fish from within the foraging range of the penguins> could lead to a breeding collapse. Breeding is extended but laying usually> peaks in Jan, eggs hatch after approx 38 days & fledging can take 2-3> mths.> It is essential to consult with A Oosthuizen of SANParks, Lorien Pichegru> (not sure of spelling) who is doing a Post Doc on the penguins in Algoa> Bay> & Rob Crawford of DEA: Oceans & Coast (previously MCM).>> 3. The effects on White Sharks (contact Matt Dicken, Bayworld who is> studying these in Algoa Bay) and the squid industry (contact SA Squid> Management Industry Association based in PE) - previous studies have> indicated seismic surveys have a big affect on squid - need to be taken> into> consideration.>> 4. Although this is a preliminary survey, should oil / gas resources be> found, given the depths and high wave energy along this section of coast,> the risks associated with exploitation would be untenable given that Algoa> Bay supports the largest gannetry in the world, the largest African> Penguin> population in the world and is home to the Addo National Park & Marine> Protected Area. So why is the survey being done in the 1st place when2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 3 of 3> there> are potential fatal flaws associated with petrochemical exploitation in> this> area (viz the Gulf!)?>>> Dr Paul Martin> PO Box 61029> Bluewater Bay 6212> Tel: 041 4665698> Cell: 0732524111> email: pmartin@axxess.co.za>2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Karen Opitz06 September 2010 07:45 AMdavidleedunn@yahoo.comAlbert de Jong; Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: Invitation to CommentDear Mr DunnMany thanks for your interest in this project. We unfortunately do not have any information on which seismic vessel willbe used for this seismic survey, as this has not yet been confirmed.RegardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.From: David Lee Dunn [mailto:davidleedunn@yahoo.com]Sent: 10 August 2010 11:08 AMTo: Albert de JongSubject: Invitation to CommentGood day Mr de Jong,My name is David Dunn and I am writing you this mail in response to the notice, that your company placed in arecent edition of the Herald newspaper, regarding the application for the Exploration Right.Mr de Jong, I would like to ask if you know which vessel will be chartered to conduct this survey. I realise thatthis may seem unorthodox of me but I would like to assure you that I neither represent, nor have any financialinterests in any vessels.I ask you as an individual.I am interested as I have been involved in the Maritime industry until recently, but am in possession of all thenecessary and valid documentation.I would love the opportunity to be involved in such an endeavour.Mr de Jong, I am in no way soliciting employment from you, yet I would appreciate the requested information(if permissible), and I will then forward my Curriculum Vitae in application to the relevant employers.2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 2 of 2Mr de Jong, I would like to thank you for your time and assistance in this matter.Furthermore, please accept my apologies for my rather untoward means of inquiry.Yours sincerelyDavid L. Dunn2010/09/06

Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Karen Opitz06 September 2010 07:28 AMuwafrica@gmail.comSekena MasoetFW: Registration as an Interested and Affected Party - Underwater AfricaDear Mr GuestMany thanks for your email and details, we have registered you and your organisation asan I&AP in this process and will keep you informed of the process.RegardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com· Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments &Strategic Environmental Assessments; Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land;Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.· Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 &2009.-----Original Message-----From: Albert de JongSent: 30 August 2010 12:41 PMTo: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: Registration as an Interested and Affected Party - Underwater Africa________________________________________From: Underwater Africa [uwafrica@gmail.com]Sent: 30 August 2010 08:59To: Albert de JongCc: alistair@dawsons.co.za; arthur@mako-diving.co.za; barry@marinesolutions.co.za;croberts@pgwc.gov.za; duncan@orca-industries.co.za; eneves10@gmail.com;erica@melespr.co.za; glentonk@vodamail.co.za; grant@blueflash.co.za; info@raggiecave.com;louis@mandelstam.net; mikerb@mweb.co.za; sarah@diveaction.co.za;underwaterandre@gmail.com; Conrad PrinceSubject: Registration as an Interested and Affected Party - Underwater AfricaTo whom it may concernPlease refer to the attached registration of Underwater Africa as anInterested and Affected Party--1

RegardsMonty GuestChairman, Underwater Africa"The CPR of Diving"Conservation - Promotion - RepresentationWebsite : www.uwa.org.zaEmail : info@uwa.org.zaTwitter : http://twitter.com/uwafricaCell : 082 456 1982Fax : 0866 175 463P.O. Box 362, Century City, 7446 Section 21 Registration Number: 2007/016660/08PBO Tax Exemption Number: 930 031 2492

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Karen Opitz06 September 2010 08:33 AMhughlaue@gmail.comSekena MasoetSubject: FW: Proposed Seismic Survey by New African Global EnergyDear Dr LaueMany thanks for your email and comments. We have registered you as an I&AP in this process and will keep youinformed.Best regardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.From: Tougheeda AspelingSent: 06 September 2010 07:55 AMTo: Karen OpitzSubject: FW: Proposed Seismic Survey by New African Global EnergyFrom: Hugh Laue [mailto:hughlaue@gmail.com]Sent: 05 September 2010 22:57To: Tougheeda AspelingCc: ocean.messenger@gmail.com; Morgan Griffiths; pierrelouis lemercier; Ryan Allan; Alan Fogarty; Arthur Rump; DavidHayes; David Price; Friday Frans; Jenny Rump; Linda Redfern; Mike Spearpoint; Phyllis Magda; Terry HerbstSubject: Proposed Seismic Survey by New African Global EnergyPlease register the Zwartkops Trust as an affected and interested party in this proposal.In the light of human caused climate disruption due to fossil fuel combustion there should be no more oilexploration. Furthermore the gulf oil disaster demonstrates unacceptably high pollution risk to the preciousSouth African Coast. Finally, the seismic survey itself would be an unacceptable disturbance to the rich marinelife found in Algoa Bay.We therefore wish to register our strongest opposition to this irrational proposal that demonstrates2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 2 of 2a willful ignorance of the danger of climate disruption and a lack of political vision for a low carbon future.--Dr Hugh LaueChairmanZwartkops TrustLaue Technical & Business Consulting08285757552010/09/06

Page 1 of 3Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Albert de Jong06 September 2010 12:51 PMMike CohenTougheeda Aspeling; Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: Re: Environmental Management Programme for a Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of South AfricaDear MikeWe are currently finalising the EMP for submission to PASA on 9 September.The consultation comments period is ending today. The EMP will include a 'Comments and Response Report' where allcomments received during the comments period will be addressed.We will notify all registered IAPs when the EMP can be downloaded from the project website for review.Please don't hesitate to contact us if you have any queries.Best regardsAlbert de JongERMOn 6 Sep 2010, at 04:15, Mike Cohen wrote:Dear AlbertI would be grateful if you would let me have a status updateBest regardsMike_____________________________________________________________Dr Mike CohenCEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit36 River RoadWalmerPort Elizabeth6070South AfricaTelephone: 041-5812983 / 041 581 7811Fax: 086 504 2549Email; Steenbok@aerosat.co.zaWeb: www.environmentcen.co.zaWorking to conserve South Africa’s dwindling natural resourcesWorking to Conserve South Africa's Dwindling Natural ResourcesFrom: Albert de Jong [mailto:Albert.deJong@erm.com]Sent: 13 August 2010 08:41 AMTo: Mike CohenCc: Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for a Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast ofSouth AfricaDear Mike2010/09/06

Page 2 of 3Thanks for raising your concerns. We will address these in the Environmental Management Programme report.We have registered you as an Interested and Affected Party.Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage for more information on the proposed survey.Regards----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.com_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Mike Cohen [mailto:steenbok@aerosat.co.za]Sent: 13 August 2010 04:44To: Albert de JongSubject: Environmental Management Programme for a Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfricaHi AlbertPlease register me as an Interested Parry and keep me informed of the survey. I am particularly concerned about thepotential impacts on marine mammals and on the penguins and other sea birdsMany thanksSincerelyMike CohenDr Mike CohenDirectorsteenbok@aerosat.co.zawww.environmentcen.co.zaWorking to conserve South Africa’s dwindling natural resourcesCEN IEM Unit36 River RoadWalmerPort ElizabethSouth Africa 6070tel: +27 (041) 5812983fax: +27 (086) 504 2549mobile: 08232031112010/09/06

Page 3 of 3This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received this electronicmail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Karen Opitz06 September 2010 07:39 AMimie@letap.co.zaSekena MasoetSubject: FW: 0120496Dear Mr PatelMany thanks for your email and details, we have registered you and your organisation as an I&AP in this process and will keep youinformed of the process.Best regardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments; Climate Changeand Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.From: Albert de JongSent: 16 August 2010 01:36 PMTo: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: 0120496_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Imie Patel [mailto:imie@letap.co.za]Sent: 16 August 2010 13:34To: Albert de JongSubject: FW: 01204962010/09/06

Normal templatePage 2 of 2 Please consider your environmental responsibility.Before printing this e-mail ask yourself: "Do I really need a hard copy?"___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DISCLAIMERThe information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, ortaking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from anycomputer.VIRUS SCANIt is advised that the recipient must scan this e-mail and any attached files for viruses and the like. While we do everything possible to protect information from viruses, LETAP CC. accepts no liability of whatevernature for any loss, liability, damage or expense resulting directly or indirectly from the access and/or downloading of any files which are attached to this e-mail message.From: Imie Patel [mailto:imie@letap.co.za]Sent: Monday, August 16, 2010 4:29 AMTo: 'albert.dejong@em.com'Subject: 0120496Registering as an interested and affected party.LETAP FISHING CCThanking you and hoping the above is in order.RegardsIMIE PATEL Please consider your environmental responsibility.Before printing this e-mail ask yourself: "Do I really need a hard copy?"___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DISCLAIMERThe information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission,dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error,please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer.VIRUS SCANIt is advised that the recipient must scan this e-mail and any attached files for viruses and the like. While we do everything possible to protect information from viruses, LETAP CC.accepts no liability of whatever nature for any loss, liability, damage or expense resulting directly or indirectly from the access and/or downloading of any files which are attached to thise-mail message.2010/09/06

Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Albert de Jong06 September 2010 12:55 PMPaul MartinTougheeda Aspeling; Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzRe: Seismic Survey off Algoa BayDear Dr MartinThank you for your valuable comments.address your comments in the EMPr.We have registered you as an IAP and willAll responses received during the comment period have been recorded and will be includedwith the submission to PASA.RegardsAlbert de JongERMOn 3 Sep 2010, at 21:56, Paul Martin wrote:> In addition to my email sent earlier (see below) please formally> register in the document to PASA my disgust at receiving the "Out of> Office" message below when responding to a call for I&APs with a> closing date of 6 September. It is very unprofessional.>>>> Thank you for your email. I will be out of the office from Monday 23> August and not return until 13 September. I will have intermittent> access to emails.>> For urgent queries please contact Tougheeda Aspeling on> tougheeda.aspeling@erm.com or + 27 21 702 9100.>> Please note: As of 13 September 2010 my address is: ERM Norloch House,> 36 King's Stables Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH1 2EU.> Tel: +44 (0)131 478 6000. F: +44 131 656 5813 Email.> albert.dejong@erm.com>> This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a)> LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BY> LAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the> Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the> person responsible for delivering this to the Addressee (s), you are> hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is> prohibited. If you have received this electronic mail message in> error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to> delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.>> Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com>>> Albert,>>>> Please register me as an I&AP for the seismic survey in the Algoa>> Gamtoos Block and note my comments below:>>>> 1. The proposed starting months (Nov- early Dec) coincide exactely>> with the peak movement of Humpback Whales and their calves south from1

their breeding grounds. They gather off the SA cape's ready for their>> migration to Antarctica at this time. Easter is generally when the>> Sardine Run (with accompanying dolphins & Bryde's Whales) passes the>> Algoa Bay area. June onwards is when the Humpback & Southern Right>> Whales start migrating north through the area / arriving to breed.>> Early Jan - mid-March would probably be the best months wrt marine>> mammals. Dr Stephanie Plon at Bayworld, PE is doing monthly surveys>> of marine mammals in the Algoa Bay area (hence the knowledge of>> marine mammal movements). It is essential that she be consulted.>>>> 2. Algoa Bay supports the largest African Penguin (IUCN: Endangered)>> breeding colonies in the world. A movement of fish resources away>> from the breeding islands (St Croix & Bird Island) is thought to be>> at least partially responsible for the collapsing populations (halved since 2007).>> Any scaring away of fish from within the foraging range of the>> penguins could lead to a breeding collapse. Breeding is extended but>> laying usually peaks in Jan, eggs hatch after approx 38 days &>> fledging can take 2-3 mths.>> It is essential to consult with A Oosthuizen of SANParks, Lorien>> Pichegru (not sure of spelling) who is doing a Post Doc on the>> penguins in Algoa Bay & Rob Crawford of DEA: Oceans & Coast>> (previously MCM).>>>> 3. The effects on White Sharks (contact Matt Dicken, Bayworld who is>> studying these in Algoa Bay) and the squid industry (contact SA Squid>> Management Industry Association based in PE) - previous studies have>> indicated seismic surveys have a big affect on squid - need to be>> taken into consideration.>>>> 4. Although this is a preliminary survey, should oil / gas resources>> be found, given the depths and high wave energy along this section of>> coast, the risks associated with exploitation would be untenable>> given that Algoa Bay supports the largest gannetry in the world, the>> largest African Penguin population in the world and is home to the>> Addo National Park & Marine Protected Area. So why is the survey>> being done in the 1st place when there are potential fatal flaws>> associated with petrochemical exploitation in this area (viz the>> Gulf!)?>>>>>> Dr Paul Martin>> PO Box 61029>> Bluewater Bay 6212>> Tel: 041 4665698>> Cell: 0732524111>> email: pmartin@axxess.co.za>>>>2

Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Cc:Subject:Paul Martin [pmartin@axxess.co.za]06 September 2010 01:19 PMAlbert de JongStephanie Plon; Ane Oosthuizen; Karen Opitz; Sekena Masoet; Tougheeda AspelingRe: Seismic Survey off Algoa BayAlbert,Further to my email comments on 3 Sept (see below) please record thefollowing:After checking the EIA regulations, it is very clear that an EIA process must be followedas this is a listed activity, contrary to the statement in the Information Document.Clause 19 of R544 dd 18/6/10 Listing Notice 1 requires a Basic Assessment for anyactivity which requries a Prospecting Right ito Section 16 & 18 of the PRDA.Clause 21 and Clause 23 of R545 dd 18/6/10 Listing Notice 2 requires a full EIA processfor, respectively, any activity that requires an Exploration Right (ito section 79 & 81of the PRDA) or a Reconnaisance Permit (ito section 74 of the PRDA).Dr Paul MartinPO Box 61029Bluewater Bay 6212Tel: 041 4665698Cell: 0732524111email: pmartin@axxess.co.za----- Original Message -----From: "Albert de Jong" To: "Paul Martin" Cc: "Tougheeda Aspeling" ; "Sekena Masoet"; "Karen Opitz" Sent: Monday, September 06, 2010 12:55 PMSubject: Re: Seismic Survey off Algoa BayDear Dr MartinThank you for your valuable comments. We have registered you as an IAPand will address your comments in the EMPr.All responses received during the comment period have been recorded and willbe included with the submission to PASA.RegardsAlbert de JongERMOn 3 Sep 2010, at 21:56, Paul Martin wrote:> In addition to my email sent earlier (see below) please formally register> in> the document to PASA my disgust at receiving the "Out of Office" message1

elow when responding to a call for I&APs with a closing date of 6> September. It is very unprofessional.>>>> Thank you for your email. I will be out of the office from Monday 23> August> and not return until 13 September. I will have intermittent access to> emails.>> For urgent queries please contact Tougheeda Aspeling on> tougheeda.aspeling@erm.com or + 27 21 702 9100.>> Please note: As of 13 September 2010 my address is: ERM Norloch House, 36> King's Stables Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH1 2EU.> Tel: +44 (0)131 478 6000. F: +44 131 656 5813 Email. albert.dejong@erm.com>> This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY> PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BY LAW FROM> DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names> herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible for> delivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that> reading,> copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received> this electronic mail message in error, please contact us immediately and> take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your> computer> system. Thank you.>> Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com>>> Albert,>>>> Please register me as an I&AP for the seismic survey in the Algoa Gamtoos>> Block and note my comments below:>>>> 1. The proposed starting months (Nov- early Dec) coincide exactely with>> the>> peak movement of Humpback Whales and their calves south from their>> breeding>> grounds. They gather off the SA cape's ready for their migration to>> Antarctica at this time. Easter is generally when the Sardine Run (with>> accompanying dolphins & Bryde's Whales) passes the Algoa Bay area. June>> onwards is when the Humpback & Southern Right Whales start migrating>> north>> through the area / arriving to breed. Early Jan - mid-March would>> probably>> be the best months wrt marine mammals. Dr Stephanie Plon at Bayworld, PE>> is>> doing monthly surveys of marine mammals in the Algoa Bay area (hence the>> knowledge of marine mammal movements). It is essential that she be>> consulted.>>>> 2. Algoa Bay supports the largest African Penguin (IUCN: Endangered)>> breeding colonies in the world. A movement of fish resources away from>> the>> breeding islands (St Croix & Bird Island) is thought to be at least>> partially responsible for the collapsing populations (halved since 2007).>> Any scaring away of fish from within the foraging range of the penguins>> could lead to a breeding collapse. Breeding is extended but laying>> usually>> peaks in Jan, eggs hatch after approx 38 days & fledging can take 2-3>> mths.>> It is essential to consult with A Oosthuizen of SANParks, Lorien Pichegru>> (not sure of spelling) who is doing a Post Doc on the penguins in Algoa2

Bay>> & Rob Crawford of DEA: Oceans & Coast (previously MCM).>>>> 3. The effects on White Sharks (contact Matt Dicken, Bayworld who is>> studying these in Algoa Bay) and the squid industry (contact SA Squid>> Management Industry Association based in PE) - previous studies have>> indicated seismic surveys have a big affect on squid - need to be taken>> into>> consideration.>>>> 4. Although this is a preliminary survey, should oil / gas resources be>> found, given the depths and high wave energy along this section of coast,>> the risks associated with exploitation would be untenable given that>> Algoa>> Bay supports the largest gannetry in the world, the largest African>> Penguin>> population in the world and is home to the Addo National Park & Marine>> Protected Area. So why is the survey being done in the 1st place when>> there>> are potential fatal flaws associated with petrochemical exploitation in>> this>> area (viz the Gulf!)?>>>>>> Dr Paul Martin>> PO Box 61029>> Bluewater Bay 6212>> Tel: 041 4665698>> Cell: 0732524111>> email: pmartin@axxess.co.za>>>>This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLYPRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BY LAW FROMDISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) namesherein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading,copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have receivedthis electronic mail message in error, please contact us immediately andtake the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computersystem. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com3

Page 1 of 6Sekena MasoetFrom: Albert de JongSent: 06 September 2010 01:53 PMTo: Paul MartinCc: Karen Opitz; Sekena Masoet; Tougheeda AspelingSubject: Re: Seismic Survey off Algoa BayDear PaulWe have reviewed the NEMA EIA Regulation and do not believe the activity triggers any of listed activities.Please note that the amended EIA Regulations came into effect on 2 August 2010 "except for the provisions relating to prospecting, miningexploration and production and related activities".We will provide a formal response to your comment in the EMP - Comments Response report. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you needfurther clarification.RegardsAlbert de JongOn 6 Sep 2010, at 12:18, Paul Martin wrote:Albert,Further to my email comments on 3 Sept (see below) please record thefollowing:After checking the EIA regulations, it is very clear that an EIA processmust be followed as this is a listed activity, contrary to the statement inthe Information Document.Clause 19 of R544 dd 18/6/10 Listing Notice 1 requires a Basic Assessmentfor any activity which requries a Prospecting Right ito Section 16 & 18 ofthe PRDA.Clause 21 and Clause 23 of R545 dd 18/6/10 Listing Notice 2 requires a fullEIA process for, respectively, any activity that requires an ExplorationRight (ito section 79 & 81 of the PRDA) or a Reconnaisance Permit (itosection 74 of the PRDA).Dr Paul MartinPO Box 61029Bluewater Bay 6212Tel: 041 4665698Cell: 0732524111email: pmartin@axxess.co.za----- Original Message -----2010/09/06

Page 2 of 6From: "Albert de Jong" To: "Paul Martin" Cc: "Tougheeda Aspeling" ; "Sekena Masoet"; "Karen Opitz" Sent: Monday, September 06, 2010 12:55 PMSubject: Re: Seismic Survey off Algoa BayDear Dr MartinThank you for your valuable comments. We have registered you as an IAPand will address your comments in the EMPr.All responses received during the comment period have been recorded and willbe included with the submission to PASA.RegardsAlbert de JongERMOn 3 Sep 2010, at 21:56, Paul Martin wrote:In addition to my email sent earlier (see below) please formally registerinthe document to PASA my disgust at receiving the "Out of Office" messagebelow when responding to a call for I&APs with a closing date of 6September. It is very unprofessional.Thank you for your email. I will be out of the office from Monday 23Augustand not return until 13 September. I will have intermittent access toemails.For urgent queries please contact Tougheeda Aspeling ontougheeda.aspeling@erm.com or + 27 21 702 9100.Please note: As of 13 September 2010 my address is: ERM Norloch House, 362010/09/06

Page 3 of 6King's Stables Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH1 2EU.Tel: +44 (0)131 478 6000. F: +44 131 656 5813 Email. albert.dejong@erm.comThis electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLYPRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROMDISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) namesherein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified thatreading,copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have receivedthis electronic mail message in error, please contact us immediately andtake the steps necessary to delete the message completely from yourcomputersystem. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.comAlbert,Please register me as an I&AP for the seismic survey in the AlgoaGamtoosBlock and note my comments below:1. The proposed starting months (Nov- early Dec) coincide exactely withthepeak movement of Humpback Whales and their calves south from theirbreedinggrounds. They gather off the SA cape's ready for their migration toAntarctica at this time. Easter is generally when the Sardine Run (with2010/09/06

Page 4 of 6accompanying dolphins & Bryde's Whales) passes the Algoa Bay area.Juneonwards is when the Humpback & Southern Right Whales start migratingnorththrough the area / arriving to breed. Early Jan - mid-March wouldprobablybe the best months wrt marine mammals. Dr Stephanie Plon at Bayworld,PEisdoing monthly surveys of marine mammals in the Algoa Bay area (hencetheknowledge of marine mammal movements). It is essential that she beconsulted.2. Algoa Bay supports the largest African Penguin (IUCN: Endangered)breeding colonies in the world. A movement of fish resources away fromthebreeding islands (St Croix & Bird Island) is thought to be at leastpartially responsible for the collapsing populations (halved since 2007).Any scaring away of fish from within the foraging range of the penguinscould lead to a breeding collapse. Breeding is extended but layingusuallypeaks in Jan, eggs hatch after approx 38 days & fledging can take 2-3mths.It is essential to consult with A Oosthuizen of SANParks, Lorien Pichegru(not sure of spelling) who is doing a Post Doc on the penguins in AlgoaBay& Rob Crawford of DEA: Oceans & Coast (previously MCM).2010/09/06

Page 5 of 63. The effects on White Sharks (contact Matt Dicken, Bayworld who isstudying these in Algoa Bay) and the squid industry (contact SA SquidManagement Industry Association based in PE) - previous studies haveindicated seismic surveys have a big affect on squid - need to be takenintoconsideration.4. Although this is a preliminary survey, should oil / gas resources befound, given the depths and high wave energy along this section of coast,the risks associated with exploitation would be untenable given thatAlgoaBay supports the largest gannetry in the world, the largest AfricanPenguinpopulation in the world and is home to the Addo National Park & MarineProtected Area. So why is the survey being done in the 1st place whenthereare potential fatal flaws associated with petrochemical exploitation inthisarea (viz the Gulf!)?Dr Paul MartinPO Box 61029Bluewater Bay 6212Tel: 041 4665698Cell: 0732524111email: pmartin@axxess.co.za2010/09/06

Page 6 of 6This electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLYPRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BY LAWFROMDISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) namesherein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading,copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have receivedthis electronic mail message in error, please contact us immediately andtake the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computersystem. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.com2010/09/06

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Sekena Masoet01 September 2010 02:01 PMSureiya HassanAttachments: header.htmHi Sureiya,FW: Objection to Seismic Survey in Algoa BayAs requested, I’m forwarding the emails to you as I receive them.Regards,SekenaSekena MasoetResearcherERM Southern AfricaSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office Park, Silverwood CloseSteenberg, 7945, Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Cell: +27 (0) 83 3268750sekena.masoet@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009From: Karen OpitzSent: 01 September 2010 11:09 AMTo: fultoncj@telkomsa.netCc: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: Objection to Seismic Survey in Algoa BayDear ClaireMany thanks for your email and inputs.We have registered you as an IAP and will address your concerns in the EMPr. Please note that further projectinformation is available at www.erm.com/newage.Best regardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 21482010/09/08

Normal templatePage 2 of 2Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com· Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.· Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.-----Original Message-----From: Tougheeda AspelingSent: 01 September 2010 10:56 AMTo: Karen OpitzSubject: FW: Objection to Seismic Survey in Algoa Bay-----Original Message-----From: Claire Fulton [mailto:fultoncj@telkomsa.net]Sent: 01 September 2010 07:54To: Tougheeda AspelingSubject: Objection to Seismic Survey in Algoa BayRe The proposed Seismic Survey by New African Global Energy ref: 0120496"Ocean Messengers stand together with our Members and expertise to try andprevent a similar catastrophe as in the Gulf region happening in Algoa Bayand South African waters.""We have a lot to lose. Huge fishing grounds (Hake and Squid), a current(Agulhas) which is responsible for the climate in the Northern Hemisphere aswell as a huge biodiversity in marine mammals and sea birds.""Oil is a resource with limited accessibility and its time is running out.We need to concentrate on alternatives."Claire Fulton2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Sekena Masoet07 September 2010 11:02 AMSureiya HassanAttachments: header.htmHi Sureiya,One more below.Regards,SekenaSekena MasoetResearcherFW: NewAGE Seismic EMPR - acknowledgment of receiptERM Southern AfricaSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office Park, Silverwood CloseSteenberg, 7945, Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Cell: +27 (0) 83 3268750sekena.masoet@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009From: Karen OpitzSent: 07 September 2010 10:49 AMTo: glentonk@vodamail.co.zaCc: Sekena MasoetSubject: NewAGE Seismic EMPR - acknowledgment of receiptHi GlentonMany thanks for your comments received 02/09/2010. We have registered you as an I&AP in the process and allcomments will be addressed within the EMPR.Please find the co-ordinates of the seismic survey below: A 500km 2 3D survey will be acquired with a 1500 km 2 surveyarea, with the following coordinates:LATLONG-34 20 48.9632 26 05 43.8876-33 54 44.8571 25 53 14.2308-33 48 44.0439 26 10 58.9111-34 14 44.9568 26 23 39.9005Please note that these coordinates do not include the buffer areas from Bird Island (10 km) and the proposed Addo MPA(5 km).Best regardsKaren2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 2 of 2Karen OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 1 of 3Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Sekena Masoet02 September 2010 04:39 PMSureiya HassanAttachments: header.htmHi Sureiya,More correspondence below.Regards,SekenaSekena MasoetResearcherFW: Concerns OM Surveys for marine oil and gas off PEERM Southern AfricaSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office Park, Silverwood CloseSteenberg, 7945, Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Cell: +27 (0) 83 3268750sekena.masoet@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009From: Albert de JongSent: 02 September 2010 12:07 PMTo: Sekena Masoet; Karen OpitzSubject: FW: Concerns OM Surveys for marine oil and gas off PEFYI_______________________________________________________________________________ERM Environmental Advisor of the Year 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009 - Acquisitions MonthlyERM No. 1 All-Environmental Firm 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 - Engineering News Record (ENR)Winner of Environmental Excellence in Environmental Due Diligence, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Impacts Assessment, 2008 - EDIE.netFrom: Ocean Messengers [mailto:ocean.messengers@gmail.com]Sent: 02 September 2010 11:20To: Albert de JongSubject: Concerns OM Surveys for marine oil and gas off PEOcean Messengers concerns:Deep water marine surveys are conducted using vessels capable of towing one or more seismiccables known as "streamers". Modern 3D surveys use multiple streamers deployed in parallel, torecord data suitable for the three-dimensional interpretation of the structures beneath the sea bed. Asingle vessel may tow anything up to 10+ streamers, each 6 km+ in length, spaced 50–150 m apart.2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 2 of 3A Seismic vessel engaged in surveying is defines as a "vessel restricted in it's ability to manoeuvre"and requires that other vessels, especially those engaged in fishing shall keep out of the way.Typical applied for exclusion zones for Seismic ships could be 8 kilometres bow and sternand 6 kilometres port and starboard during the day time, 12 kilometres bow and stern and 9kilometres port and starboard during night time for the vessel which will be moving atbetween 3 and 6 knots.The basic principle behind seismology is based on when a seismic wave encounters a boundarybetween two materials with different impedances, some of the energy in the wave will be reflected atthe boundary, while some of the energy will continue through the boundary. As a consequence theremust be some truth in the assumption that these seismic surveys affect the marine populationnegatively physiologically and acoustically.The Acoustic Ecology Institute estimates that there are about a hundred commercial seismic surveyvessels worldwide, and that their activity is increasing the overall background noise in the sea tolevels that are likely making long-range whale communication difficult.A 1996 study in Norway showed that airguns lowered fish catch rates over a 5 200 squarekilometre area, a 2004 study provided the first suggestions that airguns can cause long-terminjuries in snow crabs, and surveys in 2001 and 2003 were implicated surveys in the beachingof squid that died from unexplained internal injuries.A well-established body of research indicates that marine mammals tend to avoid active seismicsurvey vessels, often exhibiting avoidance behavior at ranges of 5-30km; however, it is notuncommon for whales or dolphins to approach closer to operating airguns, whether out ofcuriosity or because of a biological need to be where they are. In 2002, two beaked whales(proven most susceptible to sonar impacts) were found dead along a shoreline near where anacademic survey was underway; they were too decomposed to determine a cause of death,but the incident became the first case of a survey being stopped by the courts due to animalsafety concerns.Wild fish stocks similarly avoid active seismic surveys; several studies since 1990 haveshown that fish catches decrease by 50% or more in areas of up to 5 200 square kilometresduring seismic surveys; there is also evidence that fish egg viability is decreased by longtermexposure to low frequency noise. There has been very little study of the effects ofairguns on more sedentary bottom-dwellers, or on plankton and other foundations of the foodchain. Recent studies of caged fish and snow crabs have shown that both can sustainphysiological damage when airguns pass overhead.Industrial seismic surveys have been in operation worldwide for decades, with relatively few reportsof obvious harm to sea life. BUT, the biological effects of displacement and harassment bynoise are not well studied. There is some evidence of long-term hearing damage in cetaceans.Though the effects of behavioral changes caused by animals avoiding sound are impossible toseparate from other population-level stressors on sea life such as toxins, etc, given the tenuousrecovery of cetaceans, and the global decline in most fish species, calls are increasing to limitadditional stressors on these fragile populations of sea life.Several beachings of giant squid along the coast of Spain have raised concerns that theirdeaths may have been caused by exposure to loud sounds, possibly seismic survey airguns.Unusual numbers of stranded squid appeared during seismic surveys in both 2001 and 2003,according to researcher Angel Guerra. None had signs of superficial damage, but all had internalinjuries. Ear damage was present in all specimens, with further organ and tissue damage in some.2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 3 of 3"No one has ever seen this before in giant squid," says Guerra, who fears there might be many morevictims.The first controlled study of snow crabs exposed to an active seismic survey has revealed asurprising amount of physiological damage. Crabs, which were caged on the seafloor as airgunspassed 40 meters above them, exhibited tissue and organ damage, slightly poorer reproduction, andan increased number of lost legs. Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans researchers, whodid the study, noted that there was no significant change in mortality or feeding patterns in crabsexposed to airguns, but that hemorrhaging and membrane detachment in the crabs' ovaries wasnoted.We strongly recoment not to do this project anywere within the Eastern Cape. The marineenvironmenmt is to valuable!Thank you--See our new project:Opaquehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-jKdwwtFXcHelp raise funds to protect our marine environment!OCEAN MESSENGERSwww.ocean-messengers.comocean.messengers@gmail.comCell.: 0721 420 420"we care about conservation"See what is at stake in Algoa Bay:http://www.youtube.com/user/gilarbel1#p/a/u/1/ewzrhyHQvwwThe information contained in this e-mail is confidential and is intended solely for the addressee. If you are notthe intended recipient, any accessing, disclosure, copying, distribution, action taken or other use thereof may beunlawful and give rise to a claim against you. If you received this e-mail in error, kindly contact the sender anddelete the material from any computer.2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 1 of 4Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Sekena Masoet06 September 2010 04:16 PMSureiya HassanAttachments: header.htmFW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coastof South Africa (Ref: 0120496)Hi Sureiya,Another one below, also saved to the Jhb server.Regards,SekenaSekena MasoetResearcherERM Southern AfricaSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office Park, Silverwood CloseSteenberg, 7945, Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Cell: +27 (0) 83 3268750sekena.masoet@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009From: Karen OpitzSent: 06 September 2010 03:57 PMTo: stephanie@bayworld.co.zaCc: Sekena MasoetSubject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Dear StephanieMany thanks for your input and comments. Apologies for the inconvenience, Albert is relocating to our Edinburgh officeand I am taking over from him on this project.We have registered you as an I&AP in this process. All comments will be reflected and addressed within the EMPR.Best regardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, Woodmead2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 2 of 4Sandton, 2148Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.From: Tougheeda AspelingSent: 06 September 2010 03:50 PMTo: Karen OpitzSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)From: Stephanie Plon [mailto:stephanie@bayworld.co.za]Sent: 06 September 2010 15:47To: Tougheeda AspelingSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Hi Tougheeda,I believe you are the person to forward the below message to?Having such a process in place and someone as a contact person who is in fact out of the country at the time is reallybad practice- I hope the future unfolding of this process will be smoother.Please acknowledge receipt of this message and let me know when I am registered as an IAP.Thanks very much, StephanieStephanie Plön, PhDMarine Mammal ScientistS. African Inst. f. Aquat. Biodiversity (SAIAB)andS. African Env. Obs. Network (SAEON)c/o PE Museum/BayworldBeachroadPO Box 13147HumewoodPort Elizabeth, 6013SOUTH AFRICATel: 041-5840650Fax: 041-5840661From: Stephanie Plon [mailto:stephanie@bayworld.co.za]Sent: 06 September 2010 03:41 PMTo: 'Albert.deJong@erm.com'Subject: RE: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)Dear Albert,Please register me as an interested and affected party in the above project (ref: 0120496). My contact details, positionand affiliations are included in the e-mail signature.With regards to issues, concerns and comments regarding this project:- I am currently carrying out a three year survey of critical habitat of cetaceans in Algoa Bay (June 2008-May2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 3 of 42011), with financial support from MCM (MCM registered project: MCM2007073100020) and SANParks. Ourpreliminary data indicate that Algoa Bay is a southern right whale calving ground and that humpback whalesand their calves are also observed in the bay. These animals are first seen in our waters as early as May and upuntil January- therefore the proposed timing of the survey is in conflict with the occurrence of these twomysticete species in Algoa Bay.- A third mysticete, the Brydes whale, is observed in the bay year-round and will thus be exposed to the effects ofthe survey.- As seismic explorations have shown to have an effect on both mysticetes as well as odontocetes carefulconsiderations need to be given as to the timing of any such activities. Algoa Bay is home to at least oneodontocete species that is registered as “near threatened” (the humpback dolphin) and careful considerationneeds to be given as to the effects of seismic exploration on these animals.- We also house the easternmost population of Cape fur seals in Algoa Bay, close to the proposed survey area(Black Rock). A resident seal biologist (Greg Hofmeyr, Bayworld) should be consulted on the effects of theproposed survey and the potential loss of biodiversity in the bay.- There are a number of marine protected areas (MPA’s) in close proximity to the proposed area to be surveyedseismicexplorations have an equally large effect on fish as they do on marine mammals and other vertebratessuch as marine birds and turtles. The effects on fish will have a knock-on effect on marine vertebrates feedingon these fish, and in particular the effects on the endangered African penguin need to be considered here.- The mitigation measures for impacts on marine mammals stated in the information document are veryrudimentary. Additional information is needed with regards to the details of the mitigation measures plannedsuch as independent and trained marine mammal observers (MMO’s), exclusion zones and sensitive areas aswell as soft start procedures.Stephanie Plön, PhDMarine Mammal ScientistS. African Inst. f. Aquat. Biodiversity (SAIAB)andS. African Env. Obs. Network (SAEON)c/o PE Museum/BayworldBeachroadPO Box 13147HumewoodPort Elizabeth, 6013SOUTH AFRICATel: 041-5840650Fax: 041-5840661From: Oosthuizen, Anè (Dr) (Summerstrand Campus South) [mailto:Ane.Oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.za]Sent: 16 August 2010 10:44 AMTo: StephanieSubject: FW: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)HI StephanieAs cetacean expert in Algoa Bay, can you please comment on this.RegardsAne*********************************************************************Dr Ané OosthuizenNational Marine Co-ordinatorPark Planning & DevelopmentSouth African National ParksEmail: Ane.Oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.zaCell: 083 5408200Box 76693, N.M.M.U., 6031, Port ElizabethWebsite: www.sanparks.orgFrom: John Geeringh [mailto:JGeeringh@environment.gov.za]Sent: 11 August 2010 11:33 AM2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 4 of 4To: Danie Smit; Oosthuizen, Anè (Dr) (Summerstrand Campus South)Subject: Fwd: Environmental Management Programme for Proposed Seismic Survey off the South-East Coast of SouthAfrica (Ref: 0120496)For your information if you are not already on the list>>> Linda Slabber 8/10/2010 5:14 PM >>>Dear Interested and Affected PartyNew African Global Energy Limited (NewAGE) has applied for an Exploration Right in terms of the Mineral andPetroleum Resources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002), over an area that is referred to as the Algoa Gamtoosblock. As required by the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, an EMPr has to be compiled andsubmitted to the Petroleum Agency SA as part of an application for an Exploration Right.This email is being distributed to Interested and Affected Parties (IAPs) together with the attached BackgroundInformation Document (BID) as the first step of the EMPr process. The BID provides background information aboutseismic surveys and highlights some of the key issues regarding the potential impacts of these activities.You are asked to comment in writing on information contained in the BID so that your concerns can be addressed aspart of the EMPr. Your comments should reach the offices of ERM by 6 September 2010.Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage for further information. Please contact the undersigned if youhave any queries.Yours sincerely----------------------------------------------------Albert de JongSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaCape Town OfficeSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office ParkSteenberg, 7945Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0)21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Mobile: + 27 (0) 83 451 4170Email: albert.dejong@erm.comwww.erm.comThis electronic mail message may contain information which is (a) LEGALLY PRIVILEGED, PROPRIETARY IN NATURE, OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED BYLAW FROM DISCLOSURE, and (b) intended only for the use of the Addressee (s) names herein. If you are not the Addressee (s), or the person responsible fordelivering this to the Addressee (s), you are hereby notified that reading, copying, or distributing this message is prohibited. If you have received this electronicmail message in error, please contact us immediately and take the steps necessary to delete the message completely from your computer system. Thank you.Please visit ERM's web site: http://www.erm.comNOTICE: Please note that this eMail, and the contents thereof, is subject to the standard NMMU eMail disclaimer which may be found at:http://www.nmmu.ac.za/disclaimer/email.htm2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 1 of 3Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Sekena Masoet27 August 2010 04:57 PMKaren OpitzAttachments: header.htmHi Karen,RE: Proposed Seismic Survey Off the South East Coast of South AfricaWill do for Nigel Campbell, Matthew Dickens and for Dr Oosthuizen.Enjoy the weekend.Best regards,SekenaSekena MasoetResearcherERM Southern AfricaSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office Park, Silverwood CloseSteenberg, 7945, Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Cell: +27 (0) 83 3268750sekena.masoet@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009From: Karen OpitzSent: 27 August 2010 04:52 PMTo: NCAMPBELL@samsa.org.zaCc: Sekena MasoetSubject: FW: Proposed Seismic Survey Off the South East Coast of South AfricaHi NigelWe have registered you and your organisation as IAPs. Please visit the project website at www.erm.com/newage formore information about the proposed survey.Best regardsKarenKaren OpitzSenior ConsultantERM Southern AfricaBuilding 23Woodlands Office ParkWoodlands Drive, WoodmeadSandton, 21482010/09/08

Normal templatePage 2 of 3Tel: +27 (0) 11 802 8263Fax: +27 (0) 11 802 8299Mobile: + 27 (0) 84 567 2843karen.opitz@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008.• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009.From: Nigel Campbell [mailto:NCAMPBELL@samsa.org.za]Sent: 25 August 2010 10:30To: Tougheeda AspelingSubject: FW: Proposed Seismic Survey Off the South East Coast of South AfricaFrom: Nigel CampbellSent: 25 August 2010 10:23 AMTo: 'albert.dejong@erm.com'Subject: Proposed Seismic Survey Off the South East Coast of South AfricaReference Number: 0120496Request to be registered as an interested party.Name: Capt. N.CampbellOrganisation: South African Maritime Safety AuthorityTelephone: 041 582 2138Position: Regional Manager : Southern RegionEmail: ncampbell@samsa.org.zaAddress:SAMSABay Suites1 a Humewood RoadHumerail6000Captain N.T.CampbellRegional Manager : Southern RegionSouth African Maritime Safety Authority [SAMSA]Office: +27 41 582 2138|Mobile: +27 83 309 6053 |Fax: +27 41 582 2130|Fax2Email: +27 86 157489www.samsa.org.za |E-Mail: ncampbell@samsa.org.zaBay Suites, 1a Humewood Road | Humerail | 6000 |South AfricaDisclaimer:This message (including any attachments) contains confidential information and is only for the intended recipient (or2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 3 of 3authorised to receive for the intended recipient). If you are not the named addressee you should not disseminate, distributeor copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender immediately by e-mail if you have received this e-mail by mistake and deletethis e-mail from your system. E-mail transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secured or error-free as information could beintercepted, corrupted, lost, destroyed, arrive late or incomplete, or contain viruses. The South African Maritime SafetyAuthority therefore does not accept liability for any errors or omissions in the contents of this message, which may arise asa result of e-mail transmission.2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 1 of 2Sekena MasoetFrom:Sent:To:Subject:Sekena Masoet02 September 2010 10:23 AMKaren OpitzFW: Seismic SurveyAttachments: image003.jpg; ATT00001.htm; Page 2.pdf; ATT00002.htm; Page 1.pdf; ATT00003.htm; header.htmHi Karen,More correspondence attached.Regards,SekenaSekena MasoetResearcherERM Southern AfricaSilverwood House, Block ASteenberg Office Park, Silverwood CloseSteenberg, 7945, Cape Town, South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 702 9100Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7900Cell: +27 (0) 83 3268750sekena.masoet@erm.comwww.erm.com• Best Consultancy for Due Diligence; Environmental Impact Assessments & Strategic Environmental Assessments;Climate Change and Renewables; Contaminated Land; Corporate Social Responsibility – EDIE 2008• Acquisitions Monthly ‘Environmental Advisor of the Year' 2005, 2006, 2008 & 2009From: Albert de JongSent: 01 September 2010 10:58 PMTo: elliot.motsoahole@transnet.netCc: Sekena MasoetSubject: Fwd: Seismic SurveyDear ElliotThank you for your message. We have registered you as an IAP.We will inform the proponent of your request for a meeting and address your comments in the EMPr.Kind regardAlbert de JongERMBegin forwarded message:2010/09/08

Normal templatePage 2 of 2From: "Elliot.Motsoahole@transnet.net" Date: 1 September 2010 14:08:45 GMT+01:00To: Albert de Jong Cc: "Jody.Kennedy@transnet.net", "Brynn.Adamson@transnet.net", "Neil.Chetty@transnet.net" Subject: Seismic SurveyGood Day,With reference to your invitation to participate in the proposed Seismic survey.Please see the attached for your attention. It is recommended that you arrange a meeting with the Port of PortElizabeth and Ngqura Harbour Masters to discuss the details of the proposed activity. Meeting arrangement can bemade through the office below:2010/09/08

Appendix B-3I&AP Database

Name Position Organisation Name Email 1 Email 2 Cellphone Telephone 1 Telephone 2 Fax 1 Fax 2 AddressNewAge: AssociationsThe Chairperson Aquaculture Association of Southern Africa chairman@aasa-aqua.co.za 012 807 5190 012 807 4946 P O Box 71894, The Willows, Pretoria, 0004Mr M Africa (Malcolm) I & J /SE Coast Inshore Fishing Association mafrica@I&J.co.za 044 601 8800 044 691 1748 P O Box 384, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr C Bacon (Craig) Secretary SECIFA SE Coast Inshore Fishing Association (SECIFA) craig@vikingfishing.co.za 044 491 1600 021 491 1147 P O Box 368, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr R Ball (Richard) The Secretary SA Tuna Longline Association rball@iafrica.com P O Box 3277, Cape Town, 8000Mr R Bross (Roy) The Secretary South African Deep Sea Trawling Association deepsea@iafrica.com 021 425 2727 021 425 4734 P O Box 2066, Cape Town, 8000Mr D de Villiers (Dan) SA Pelagic Fishing Industry Association safish@new.co.za; dan@new.co.za 021 425 2727 021 425 4734 P O Box 2066, Cape Town, 8000Mr H Gomez (Horatio) Shark Longline Association jappy@iafrica.com 021 425 2161 021 589 739 20 Woodhead Drive, Edgemead, 7441Dr CBK Jones (Bruce) South African Deep Sea Angling Association brucej@mjvn.co.za 082 671 0305 086 528 1022 P O Box 776, Umhlali, 4390Mr A Kaye (Andrew) The Chairperson Association of Small Hake Industries andrew@kaytrad.co.za 021 421 2472 021 425 2716 P O Box 6259, Roggebaai, 8012Mr D Lucas (Don) Tuna Longline Association comfish@mweb.co.za 021 510 7924 P O Box 3277, Cape Town, 8000The Chairperson Abalone Farmers Association of Southern Africa 028 313 1055 028 312 2288 P O Box 199, Hermanus, 7200Mr A Thomas I & J /SE Coast Inshore Fishing Association abet@ij.co.za 082 658 2953 044 601 8800 P O Box 384, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr J Tucker (Jim) SA Squid Management Industrial Association frontline@lantic.co.za P O Box 2008, North End, Port Elizabeth, 6070Mr M van den Heever (Mike) South Coast Rock Lobster Association michaeld@premfish.co.za 021 419 0124 021 419 0731 P O Box 181, Cape Town, 8000Mr E van Niekerk (Eugene) Chairperson SA Squid Management Industrial Association P O Box 2008, North End, Port Elizabeth, 6070NewAge: BusinessMr S Borean (Sandro) Project Engineer PetroSA (Pty) Ltd sandro.borean@petrosa.co.za 083 461 6617 021 929 3000 021 929 3144 Private Bag X5, Parow, 7499Ms J Bradshaw (Jan) CNR International (South Africa) Limited jan.bradshaw@cninternational.com 4.40122E+12St Magnus House, Guild Street, Aberdeen AB11 6NJ,United KingdomMs J Courtoreille (Jessica) PetroSA (Pty) Ltd jessica.courtoreille@petrosa.co.za 083 253 6614 021 929 3216 021 929 3018 Private Bag X5, Parow, 7499Mr D Forfar (David) CNR International (South Africa) Limited david.forfar@cnrinternational.com +440 1224 30360St Magnus House, Guild Street, Aberdeen AB11 6NJ,United KingdomMr D Hart (Dale) Operations Manager GAC Shipping (SA) (Pty) Ltd southafrica@gacworld.com; dale.hart@gacworld.com 083 631 1855 021 419 8574 021 419 4438 P O Box 2369, Cape Town, 8000Mr F Herbst (Faan) Environmental Manager PetroSA (Pty) Ltd faan.herbst@petrosa.co.za 044 601 2746 044 601 2038 Private Bag X14, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr D Jooste (David) TRT Shipping djooste@trt.co.za 021 440 9200 021 419 2848 P O Box 7200, Roggebaai, 8012Mr RM Kramer Blue Continent Products (Pty) Ltd rmkramer@mweb.co.za 021 508 9600 021 511 9632 P O Box 56, Paarden Eiland, 7420Mr J Langhus (John) OPASA jllanghus@forestoil.co.za 083 412 9876 021 401 4140 021 401 4198Suite 1B Nautica, The Waterclub, Beach Road, GrangerBay, 8005Mr S Mills (Stephen) Commercial Manager Petroleum Agency South Africa millss@petroleumagencysa.com nwendamutswun@petroleumagency.com 021 938 3500 021 938 3520 P O Box 1174, Parow, 7499Mr A Moldan (Anton) Oil Industry Environmental Committee amoldan@icon.co.za 021419 8054 021419 8058 P O Box 7082, Roggebaai, 8012Mr N Nwendamutswu (Nthangeni)Environmental ComplianceManager Petroleum Agency South Africa nwendamutswun@petroleumagencysa.com nwendamutswun@petroleumagency.com 082 850 0274 021 938 3500 021 938 3520 P O Box 1174, Parow, 7499Mr M Sands (Mike) Blue Continent Products (Pty) Ltd msands@bluecon.co.za 021 508 9600 021 511 9632 P O Box 56, Paarden Eiland, 7420Mr G Vincent Managing Director Blue Continent Products (Pty) Ltd 021 508 9600 021 511 9632 P O Box 56, Paarden Eiland, 7420Mr N Warner (Nils) World Shipping Agencies nils.warner@worldshipping.co.za 021 419 7223 021 418 6068 P O Box 1573, Cape Town, 8000NewAge: Fishing IndustryMr M Allie (Masood) Group Secretary Oceana Group Limited info@oceana.co.za 021 410 1400 021 419 5979 P O Box 7206, Roggebaai, 8012Ms C Attwood (Claire) SA Commercial Fisherman cattwood@mweb.co.za P O Box 705, Rondebosch, 7701Mr C Bacon (Craig) Viking Inshore Fishing craig@vikingfishing.co.za 044 491 1600 021 491 1147 P O Box 368, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr G Bezuidenhout (George) Sea Harvest Corporation Ltd 021 417 7900 021 425 4830 P O Box 761, Cape Town, 8000Mr R de Maine (Redah) The Secretary Risar Fishing redahdemainef@msn.com 082 855 1457 041 586 0220 041 586 0266 P O Box 22650, Port Elizabeth, 6000Mr A Driver (Alven) Nkunga Fishing Corporation (Pty) Ltd alven@telkomsa.net 076 412 5354 044 690 4670 044 691 3156 P O Box 2486, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr R Hall (Russell) Fleet Operations Manager Sea Harvest Corporation Ltd russelh@seaharvest.co.za 083 255 3577 022 701 4120 (022) 701 4136 (022) 701 3391 022 714 3555 P O Box 52, Saldanha Bay, 7395Mr A Hendricks (Andrew) Sea Vuna Fishing Company (Pty) Ltd irvine@seaharvest.co.za 044 691 2814 044 691 3163 P O Box 147, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr C Kotze (Chris) Managing Director Japan Marine ckotze@jmss.co.za 021 418 8880 021 418 8805 P O Box 7894, Roggebaai, 8012Mr B Leask (Butch) Irvin & Johnson butchl@ij.co.za 021 402 9988 021 402 9800 Private Bag X5, Waterfront, 8002Mr D Lourens (Dewald) Managing Director Afro Fishing (Pty) Ltd dewald@afrofishing.co.za 044 690 5525 P O Box 2752, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr Marius Inshore Shark Fisheries fishfresh@mweb.co.zaMr S Mase (Sithembele) The Chief Executive Officer ECDC: Aquaculture & Fisheries Sector Specialists 043 704 5606 043 704 5700 P O Box 11197, Southernwood, East London, 5213Mr P Matthecka (Paul) Vessel Manager Desert Diamond Fishing (Pty) Ltd pmatthecka@bluecon.co.za 082 772 2655 021 508 9742 021 508 9600 021 511 5354 P O Box 56, Paarden Island, 7420Mr B Oosthuizen (Ben) Esperado Fishing 082 325 1044 P O Box 34396, Newton Park, Port Elizabeth, 6055Mr I Patel (Imraan) Chief Executive Letap Fishing cc imie@letap.co.za 082 825 3687 041 394 5169 041 360 4649 041 360 1254P O Box 1493, Goven Mbeki Avenue, Port Elizabeth,6000Mr T Reddell (Tim) Quayside Fishing tim@quayside.co.za 7 Signal Crescent, Montague Gardens, 7441Mr P Rocher (Pierre) Operations Director Desert Diamond Fishing (Pty) Ltd procher@bluecon.co.za 083 277 6378 021 508 9747 021 508 9600 021 511 5354 P O Box 56, Paarden Island, 7420Mr M Rowe (Mark) Managing Director Balobi Processors (Pty) Ltd mark@balobi.com 082 898 7008 042 294 0148 042 2940149/070 P O Box 394, Humansdorp, 6300Mr M van den Heever (Mike) Operations Manager Premier Fishing SA (Pty) Ltd michaeld@premfish.co.za 082 446 2014 021 419 0124 021 419 0731 P O Box 181, Cape Town, 8000Mr R Ventura (Rui) Lusitania Trawling Services ventura@fishingco.co.za 021 421 6466 021 418 2657 P O Box 7365, Roggebaai, 8012Ms R Welby-Cooke (Renee) I & J Ltd renec@ij.co.za 044 601 8802 044 691 1748 P O Box 384, Mossel Bay, 6510NewAge: General IAPsMs J Bonthuys (Jorisna) Die Burger JBONTHUY@DIEBURGER.COM 083 286 7265 021 406 2739 021 406 2222 021 406 2913 021 406 3965 P O Box 692, Cape Town, 8000Mr M Botha (Michael) mabotha@lantic.net 082 424 4724 044 695 2222 P O Box 203, Mossel Bay, 6500Capt NT Campbell (Nigel)Regional Manager: SouthernRegion South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) ncampbell@samsa.org.za 083 309 6053 041 582 2138 041 582 2130 Bay Suites, 1a Humewood Road, Humerail, 6000Mr M Castignani (Mike) softsense@afrihost.co.za 083 275 3485Mr P Chadwick (Peter)Manager: WWF Honda MarineParks Programme World Wide Fund South Africa pchadwick@wwf.org.za 082 373 4190 028 425 1000 Private Bag X2, Die Boord, 7613Dr V Cockcroft (Vic) MTN Centre for Dolphin Studies cdswhale@global.co.za 083 655 6902 044 533 1977 044 533 6185 P O Box 1856, Plettenberg Bay, 6600Dr M Cohen (Mike) Director CEN IEM Unit steenbok@aerosat.co.za 082 320 3111 041 581 2983 086 504 2549 36 River Road, Walmer, Port Elizabeth, 6070Mr P Cull (Patrick) Assistant Editor The Herald Port Elizabeth pdhcull@iafrica.com 082 893 2870 P O Box 5607, Walmer, 6056Mr M Dicken (Matt) Marine Biologist BCRE and NMMU Research Associate raggedtoothshark@bayworld.co.za 072 214 6215 041 584 0650 041 584 0661Mr DL Dunn (David Lee) davidleedunn@yahoo.comMs M Finnemore (Matheanne) The Regional Manager Wildlife & Environment Society of South Africa 041 585 1157 041 586 3228 2b Lawrence Street, Centrahill, Port Elizabeth, 6001Ms C Fulton (Claire) fultoncj@telkomsa.netMr M Guest (Monty) Chairperson Underwater Africa info@uwa.org.za; uwafrica@gmail.com 082 456 1982 086 617 5463 P O Box 362, Century City, 7446Mr R Haschick (Rory)Aquaculture, Fisheries &Enviro Mngt Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC) rhaschic@ecdc.co.za 083 410 3099 043 704 5710 043 743 6036Unit:Investment and Trade Promotion, P O Box 11197,Southernwood, East London, 5213Ms J Hughes (Jessica) mdec@iafrica.com 083 657 5125 021 788 2860 021 788 2860 P O Box 31, Kalk Bay, 7990Mr G Kendrick (Glenton) East Cape Rep Underwater Africa glentonk@vodamail.co.za 082 449 1096 35 Papenkuil Street, Westering, Port Elizabeth, 6025Mr M Klee (Mikes) Mikes Dive Shop mklee@iafrica.com 082 654 9688 041 585 3367 P O Box 5317, Walmer, 6065Dr H Laue (Hugh) Chairperson Zwartkops Trust hughlaue@gmail.com 082 857 5755Mr T Lubner (Tony) Ocean Research Conservation Africa tony@orcafoundation.com 082 880 2604 044 533 0122 P O Box 1741, Plettenberg Bay, 6600Dr P Martin (Paul) pmartin@axxess.co.za 073 252 4111 041 466 5698 P O Box 61029, Bluewater Bay, 6212Ms L McGibbon (Lorraine) Wildlife Management Trust lorraine@wessa.co.za 044 870 7038 31 Progress Street, George, 6529Ms JL Nolte (Jeanette) Chairperson Blue Horizon Bay Conservancy twojays@isat.co.za 083 655 1050 041 776 1050 041 776 1975 P O Box 29135, Sunridge Park, Port Elizabeth, 6008Ms A Omardien (Aaniyah) Manager: Marine Programme World Wide Fund South Africa aomardien@wwf.org.za 021 888 2800 021 888 2888 Private Bag X2, Die Boord, 7613Dr A Oosthuizen (Ane) National Marine Co-ordinator SANParks: Park Planning & Development Ane.Oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.za 083 540 8200 P O Box 76693, NMMU, Port Elizabeth, 6031Ms D Peine (Dee) Barnacle Bay Rides barnaclebayrides@gmail.com 078 243 3336 16 Middelton Avenue, Newton Park, Port Elizabeth, 6045University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch,Dr L Pichegru (Lorien) Percy Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology lorien.pichegru@uct.ac.za 021 650 3619 021 650 3295 7700

Dr S Plon (Stephanie) Marine Mammal Scientist SA Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) & stephanie@bayworld.co.za 041 584 0650 041 584 0661SA Environmental Obs. Network (SAEON), c/o PEMuseum/Bayworld, P O Box 13147, Humewood, PortElizabeth, 6013Mr M Ranoszek (Marek) General Manager Pioneer Natural Resources South Africa ranoszem@pioneernrc.com 082 467 3227 021 425 5012/3 021 425 5588 P O Box 7980, Roggebaai, 8012Ms N Rice (Nan) Secretary Dolphin Action & Protection Group mwdapg@mweb.co.za 021 782 5845 021 782 6223 P O Box 22227, Fish Hoek, 7974Mr & Ms C & I Rule (Clive and Irene) Rule, C & I Household rule.ic@gmail.com 082 740 4013 041 776 1300 P O Box 28907, Sunridge Park, Port Elizabeth, 60086 Eastgate Court, Guildford, Surrey GU13DE, UnitedMr S Santoni (Stefano) Bayfield Energy Limited stefano.santoni@bayfieldenergy.com +44148 356 5699KingdomMr R Schimph (Rainer) Ocean Messengers ocean.messengers@gmail.com 072 142 0420Mr C Sharwood (Clive) The Chairperson SA Marine Rehabilitation & Education Centre Trust shaca@global.co.za 082 568 1753 041 583 1830 041 583 1835 P O Box 20101, Humewood, Port Elizabeth, 6013Dr RM Wanless (Ross) Seabird Division Manager Birdlife South Africa gsp@birdlife.org.za 073 675 3267 021 419 7347 086 545 4319 P O Box 515, Randburg, 2125NewAge: GovernmentMs D Augustus (Delricia) The Regional Manager DEA - Marine and Coastal Management daugust@deat.gov.za 041 585 4051 041 586 0385 P O Box 737, Port Elizabeth, 6000Dr CJ Augustyn (Johan) DEA - Marine & Coastal Management augustyn@deat.gov.za 082 829 3911 021 402 3911 021 425 2920 Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, 8012Dr G Avery (Graham) Head:Human Sciences Iziko Museums of Cape Town gavery@iziko.org.za 021 481 3800 021 481 3993 P O Box 61, Cape Town, 8000Dr P Best (Peter) Iziko Museums of Cape Town pbest@iziko.org.za 021 481 3800 P O Box 61, Cape Town, 8000Dr G Castley (Guy) SA National Parks P O Box 20419, Humewood, Port Elizabeth, 6013Lieutenant I Coetzer (Irene) SA Navy Hydrographic Office hydrosan@iafrica.com 021 787 2408 021 787 2233 Private Bag X1, Tokai, 7966Mr B Colenutt (Brian) South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) bcolenutt@samsa.org.za 041 585 0051 041 582 1213 P O Box 3914, North End, Port Elizabeth, 6056Mr D Colly (Dave) South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) dcolly@samsa.org.za 021 421 6170 Private Bag X7025, Roggebaai, 8012Dr R Crawford (Rob) DEA - Marine & Coastal Management Crawford@environment.gov.za 021 402 3911 Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, 8012Mr J Geeringh (John) Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism jgeeringh@deat.gov.za;jgeeringh@environment.gov.za 012 310 3491 012 320 7539 Private Bag X447, Pretoria, 0001Dr L Hutchings (Larry) Chief Specialist DEA - Marine & Coastal Management lhutchin@deat.gov.za 082 829 3900 021 402 3109 086 615 2567 Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, 8012Dr M Knight (Mike) SA National Parks mknight@upe.ac.za 041 508 5412 041 508 5415 P O Box 20419, Humewood, Port Elizabeth, 6013Mr D Manley (Dave) Principle Officer South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) dmanley@samsa.org.za 044 690 4201 044 691 1206 P O Box 4, Mossel Bay, 6500Mr J Mkosana (Joram)Director EnvironmentalManagement Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan jmkosana@mandelametro.gov.za 041 506 5444 041 585 7401 P O Box 11, Port Elizabeth, 6000Mr L Moolman (Lucius) The Manager Addo Elephant National Park luciusm@sanparks.org. 042 233 0556/ 7 042 233 0196 P O Box 52, ADDO, 6105Mr B Nelana (Bulumko) HOD Prov Dept Economic Affairs, Environment & Tourism pendulwa.guma@deaet.ecape.gov.za 040 604 4094 040 609 3219 Private Bag X0054, Bisho, 5605Mr M Nelson (Malcolm) SA Navy Hydrographic Office hydrosan@iafrica.com 021 787 2408 021 787 2233 Private Bag X1, Tokai, 7966Mr E Ntoba (Elias) Acting Municipal Manager Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan entoba@mandelametro.gov.za 041 506 3208/9 041 506 3464 P O Box 116, Port Elizabeth, 6000Mr B Ntshona (Bheza) The Mayor Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan kgangca@mandelametro.gov.za 041 506 3267/7 041 506 3464 P O Box 116, Port Elizabeth, 6000Mr H Oosthuizen (Herman) DEA - Marine & Coastal Management hoosthuiz@deat.gov.za 082 367 4731 021 402 3911 021 402 3364 Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, 8012Mr P Silinga (Pepi) The Chief Executive Officer COEGA Development Corporation janine.schroeder@coega.co.za 041 403 0402 041 403 0539Coega IDZ Business Centre, Corner Alcyon Rd & ZibukoStreets, Zone 1, Coega IDZ, Port Elizabeth, 6001Mr P Sims (Peter) The Regional Officer DEA : Marine and Coastal Management petesims@mweb.co.za 044 690 3500 044 690 3041 P O Box 58, Mossel Bay, 6500Private Bag X7, Kirstenbosch Research Centre,Dr K Sink (Kerry) Marine Program Manager South African National Biodiversity Institute k.sink@sanbi.org.za 082 831 0536 021 799 8855Claremont, 7735Commander P van Niekerk (Pieter) SA Navy Hydrographic Office 021 787 2408 021 787 2228 Private Bag X1, Tokai, 7966NewAge: ParastatalsEnvironmental Manager National Ports Authority 041 507 1700 041 585 2930 P O Box 162, Port Elizabeth, 6000Mr N Govender (Nat) Port Operations Manager National Ports Authority 041 507 2497 041 585 2930 P O Box 162, Port Elizabeth, 6000J Kennedy (Jody) Senior Secretary Port of PE Transnet National Ports Authority jody.kennedy@transnet.net 083 525 0347 041 507 1900 041 507 2793 086 648 7603 P O Box 612054, Bluewater Bay, Port Elizabeth, 6212Ms P Madikizela (Primrose) Manager: Port of PE Transnet Ports primrose.madikizela@transnet.net 083 409 7106 041 507 1951 041 507 2793 P O Box 162, Port Elizabeth, 6000Mr E Motsoahole (Elliot)Environmental Manager Port ofPE Transnet National Ports Authority elliot.motsoahole@transnet.net 083 542 5619 041 507 8450 041 507 2793 086 674 7729 P O Box 612054, Bluewater Bay, Port Elizabeth, 6212Mr M Plaatjies (Mogamat) National Ports Authority mogamatp@npa.co.za 041 507 1900 041 585 2938 P O Box 162, Port Elizabeth, 6000

Appendix B-4Comments and ResponseReport

Table 4.1Comment and Response ReportRef. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceived1 D. Dunn Email Individual 10/08/2010 Request forInformationCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponseMr Dunn requested information on which vessel would bechartered to conduct the survey.Email 06/09/2010 The seismic contractor has notyet been appointed.2 P. Cull Email The Herald 06/08/2010 Registration Mr Cull requested registration as an interested and affectedparty and requested background information to the project.Email 06/08/2010 ERM provided Mr Cull with acopy of the BID.3 P. Rocher Email DesertDiamondFishing12/09/2010 ProjectInformationMr Rocher requested the coordinates of the survey zones. Email 12/08/2010 ERM provided coordinates theseismic survey. The surveyblock is shown in Figure 1.1.4 M. Botha Email Individual 09/08/2010 Registration Mr Botha requested registration as an interested and affectedparty.Email 09/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.5 M.CastignaniEmail Individual 09/08/2010 Request forInformationMr Castignani experienced difficulty in accessing the websitewith project information. He requested that the correctinformation be emailed to him.Email 09/08/2010 ERM ensured that the websitewas functional and confirmedthis with Mr Castignani.6 I. Patel Email LetapFishing cc16/08/2010 Registration Mr Patel requested registration as an interested and affectedparty.Email 06/09/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.7 R.SchimpfEmailOceanMessengers30/08/2010 MarineEnvironmentMr Schimpf requested registration of the organisation OceanMessengers as an interested and affected party.Mr Schimpf also explained that the main concern for theirorganisation is the impact of the oil exploration on the fragileEmail 30/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.The impacts on the marineenvironment are assessed in

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Responsemarine environment.Mr Schimpf requested that the operation be cancelledimmediately.terms of the various aspects(fauna and flora, physicaloceanography etc) in Chapter 6of this EMPR.8 N.CampbellEmailSouthAfricanMaritimeSafetyAuthority(SAMSA)9 M. Guest Email UnderwaterAfrica25/08/2010 Registration Mr Campbell requested registration as an interested andaffected party.30/08/2010 Registration Mr Guest requested registration of the organisationUnderwater Africa as an interested and affected party.Email 27/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.Email 06/09/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.10 J. Hughes Email Individual 24/08/2010 Registration Ms Hughes requested registration as an interested andaffected partyEmail 27/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.11M. Rowe Email Balobi 16/08/2010 MarineEnvironmentMr Rowe requested registration as an interested and affectedparty. He also expressed concern regarding the impact theexclusion zone will have on sardine catches between theperiods November - December and February - March.Email 16/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.The impacts of the seimicsurvey on fishing (includingsardine fishing) are assessed inChapter 6.M. Rowe CommentsBalobi16/08/2010 MarineEnvironmenMr Rowe explained that pelagic fishing (sardine) takes placein the area around Rye Banks and Bird Island and that thisThe impacts of the seimicsurvey on fishing (including

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponseSheet t area is a prime catching ground especially from January toMarch.sardine fishing) are assessed inChapter 6.12 A.OosthuizenEmailSouthAfricanNationalParks24/08/2010 Registration Dr Oosthuizen requested registration as an interested andaffected party.Email 24/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.Email24/08/2010 MarineProtectedAreasTechnical comments from Dr Oosthuizen:The proposal of extending the Addo Elephant National Parkinto the marine environment came in the late 1990s, withplanning starting in the early 2000’s. Algoa Bay is one of themost diverse areas along the South African coast, includingseveral endangered seabird and mammal species. The MPAproclamation process is underway with negotiations with theDeptments of Environmental Affairs and Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries.Email 24/08/2010 NewAGE has amended thesurvey block to exclude a 5 kmbuffer from the closestboundary of the proposedAddo MPA (to the north of thesurvey area). This is shown inFigure 1.1.The proposed prospecting area of NewAGE overlaps theAddo MPA proposed (see figure), although only a smallproportion. SANParks would thus suggest moving thesurvey area out of the proposed MPA area as it is not asignificant size of the prospecting area. A further buffer zonearound the proposed MPA, as done for Bird Island, wouldsignificantly reduce the impacts on the biodiversity.24/08/2010 MarineEnvironmenSeismic impacts, although considered short-term, will affectseveral CITES listed species in Algoa Bay.As above As above The exploration rights relatedto this applicationand EMPR

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponsetOf greater concern is the future development that might comeafter the initial survey and resultant cumulative impacts onthe bay’s biodiversity. Other factors already impacting on thebiodiversity of the Bay is the Ngqura IDZ and Portdevelopment, with increased shipping, and a proposed oilrefinery and Single Point Mooring for heavy crude transfer.Added extraction of hydrocarbon in the bay, will furtherincrease the pressure on the vulnerable seabird and mammalpopulations and threaten the rich biodiversity of Algoa Bayand the proposed Marine Protected Area.If the survey area ismoved out of the proposed MPA, including a similar bufferarea as around Bird island, much of these impacts can beavoided.Dr Ooshuizen expressed concern over the long term effects ofhydrocarbon extraction including oil spills, both catastrophicand chronic and the impact on the two largest breedingcolonies of gannets and penguins in the world as well as thelasting environmental toxicitylimit NewAGE to conducting aseismic survey. The impacts ofthe seismic survey are assessedwithin Chapter 5 and Chapter 6of this EMPR.All additional explorationactivities will be subject to aseparate EMPR submission,which will need to include anassessment of these impactsand additional mitigationmeasures. In addition, anyactivities which trigger Activity14 of GN 545 of 18 June 2010“The contruction of an anchoredplatform of any other permanentstructure on or along the seabed”will require environmentalauthorisation through a fullScoping/ EIA process.All production activities willrequire a separate productionright application. Theenvironmental impacts of theseactivities will need to beassessed as part of this

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Responseapplication.Dr Oosthuizen elaborated on and expressed concernregarding specific short term effects of Seismic surveys:Marine mammals, including CITES listed species occurring inAlgoa Bay:Humpback whale, Southern Right Whale, Humpbackdolphin, Bottlenose dolphin, Bryde’s Whale. Impacts includebehavioural disruption, such as disturbance in feeding,resting and breeding areas, from as far as 12km away. Thenorthern half of Algoa Bay is particular important as anursery area for both Humpback and Southern right whales.As above As above The impacts of the seimicsurvey on marine fauna(including marine mammals,dolphins, diving birds andsquid) are assessed in Chapter6.Seabirds: Although seismic activity on seabirds are deemedlow, the St Croix penguin population’s main feeding area fallin or very close to the survey area.Squid: Algoa Bay is an important spawning area for squid,particularly during the summer months (Oct-Feb). Squidbehaviour are known to be disrupted up to 5 km away fromthe survey area.13 MathewDickensEmailBCRE andNMMUResearchAssociate26/08/2010 Involvement in projectMr Dickens is a Fisheries expert and offered his expertise inthe project.Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisation14 M. Klee Email Mikes DiveShopDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Response30/08/2010 Registration Mr Klee requested registration of Mikes Dive Shop as aninterested and affected party.Email 30/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.15 J. Bruk Email Individual 16/08/2010 MarineEnvironmentMr Bruk expressed his concern for the welfare of nearshoreshark fishers such as the commercial enterprise, Fisherman'sFresh.Email 16/08/2010 The impacts of the seimicsurvey on marine fauna andfishing are assessed in Chapter6.16 M. Cohen Email CEN IEM 13/08/2010 MarineEnvironmentMr Cohen requested registration as an interested and affectedparty. He also expressed concern reagrding the potentialimpacts on marine mammals and on penguins and other seabirds.Email 13/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.The impacts of the seimicsurvey on marine fauna areassessed in Chapter 6.17 PChadwickEmailWWF Honda MarineParksProgramme12/08/2010 Registration Mr Chadwick requested registration as an interested andaffected party.Email 12/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.18 CSharwoodEmailSouthAfricanMarineRehabilitation andEducationCentreTrust13/08/2010Registration Mr Sharwood requested registration of the South AfricanMarine Rehabilitation and Education Centre Trust (Samrec) asan interested and affected party.MarineEnvironmentMr Sharwood included the following specific detailsregarding his concern for the impacts on marine avian fauna,in particular the African Penguin:Email 13/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.As above As above NewAGE has amended thesurvey block to exclude a 10km buffer from the Bird Island

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisation(SAMREC)DateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Response‘Samrec is a rehabilitation and education centre that dealswith injured or compromised marine animals. In particularSamrec cares for the endangered African Penguin. As AlgoaBay is home to more than 40% of the world’s population ofthe African Penguin and their numbers have declinedsignificantly in the last decade and having lost 90% of thepopulation in the last century, any threat to the AfricanPenguin could have devastating consequences to this bird.Therefore any activity in the area of the breeding islands, StCroix and Bird Island would be of interest to Samrec toensure that it does not have consequences for the AfricanPenguin population.MPA (to the north east of thesurvey area), as shown inFigure 1.1. The northern mostportin of the survey block islocated approximately 20 kmfrom the Island of St Croix.The impact on avian species,including the African Penguinis assessed in Chapter 6, andmitigation measures aresummarised in Part B, theEnvironmental ManagementalPlan (EMP).Our concerns would be the effect that the proposed seismicsurvey would have on marine birds, in particular the AfricanPenguin, such as the effect of the streamers on the birds, theirmovements and their prey, as well the effect of theunderwater pneumatic devices and sound sources. We feelthat this should also be included as a key issue of the study.The birds are present year round and during breeding seasonaccess to fishing grounds so that they can return to chickswith food is vital for the continued survival of theendangered species.’19 J. Nolte Email BlueHorizonBay13/08/2010 Registration Ms Nolte requested registration as an interested and affectedparty.Email 13/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationConservancyDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponseRequest forInformationMs Nolte wanted to know the procedures which will befollowed with regards to potential meetings and the actualseismic surveys being conducted.As above As above No meetings were held as partof the consultation process.These are not required as partof the exploration rightapplication process. Andescription of the stakeholderconsultation activities areprovided in Chapter 4.20 C & I Rule Email Marine &CoastalManagement12/08/2010Registration Clive and Irene Rule requested registration as interested andaffected parties as residents of Port Elizabeth and Honorarymembers of Marine & Coastal Management.MarineEnvironmentClive and Irene Rule expressed concern regarding thedestruction of part of the coast which is especially close toBird Island where many endangered penguins nest. Clive andIrene rule appealed to ERM to reconsider approving theirinvolvement (with reference to decision-making)..Email 12/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.Email 12/08/2010 NewAGE has amended thesurvey block to exclude a 10km buffer from the Bird IslandMPA (to the north east of thesurvey area), as shown inFigure 1.1. The northern mostportin of the survey block islocated approximately 20 kmfrom the Island of St Croix.The impact on avian species,including the African Penguinis assessed in Chapter 6, andmitigation measures aresummarised in Part B, the

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponseEnvironmental ManagementalPlan (EMP).ERM is an environmentalconsulting firm which have beenhired by NewAGE to compile thisEMPR. ERM has no influence inthe decision on approval by PASA.21 RHaschickEmailAquaculture, Fisheries&EnvironmentalManagement12/08/2010 Registration Rory Haschick requested registration as an interested andaffected party.Email 18/08/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.22 JorisnaBonthuysEmailDie Burgernewspaper12/08/2010 Request forinformationJorisna Bonthuys required the following information:• A copy of the application submitted in terms of theMPRDA that is currently considred by PASA (ifpossible).• A copy of the (basic) acceptance letter by PASA in termsof the MPRDA• The date upon which the EMP has to be submitted toPASA.• Particulars of the applicant – including descriptiveinformation regarding the company structure,shareholders and directors, and other projects that thecompany has been involved with elsewhere.Email 16/08/2010 ERM forwarded this mediaenquiry to NewAGE for theirdirect response.NewAGE referred MsdBonthys to PASA for theinformation requests (copy ofapplication, acceptance letterand date of submission).NewAGE provided adescription of the companyoperations and management,and reiterated their

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Response• What is the technical/geological motivation for thisapplication? Please provide some details on what theapplicant is basing the application on (the geologicalargument, where they expect to find hydrocarbons andfor what gas in particular they are looking).• I would think that this application (proposed sismicsurveys) would trigger a NEMA EIA, yet it seems not tobe the case. Please provide more details.• What type of economic investment will result as a resultof the project?commitment to undertakingseismic surveys in accordancewith the applicable legislationand industry best-practice.Please see Chapter 1 for detailsof applicability of the NEMAegulations.23 OceanMessengersEmailOceanMessengers30/08/2010 MarineEnvironmentAn article titled “Would you live in a noisy neighbourhood?”was emailed to ERM. The article raised concerns regardingthe impact of seismic activity on communities in the area aswell as marine mammals.The impacts of the seimicsurvey are assessed in Chapter 5and Chapter 6.24 ClaireFultonEmailOceanMessengers01/09/2010 MarineEnvironmentMs Fulton expressed concern over oil spills in the region as aresult of the seismic survey and cited the Gulf region as anexample of a disaster associated with the oil and gas industry.She encouraged a focus on alternatives to oil and gas as anenergy source.In addition, she expressed concern over the impacts on fishinggrounds (hake and squid) and on the Agulhas current (whichshe cited as being meteorologically important and containingbiodiversity in marine mammals and sea birds.Email 01/09/2010 The exploration rights relatedto this applicationand EMPRlimit NewAGE to conducting aseismic survey, which isdescribed in Chapter 2 as doesnot include any drilling forhydrocarbon products.The impacts of the seimicsurvey on marine fauna areassessed in Chapter 6.

Ref. Name Correspondence Type25 ElliotMotsoaholeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponseEmail Transnet 01/09/2010 Registration Mt Motsoahole requested registration as an interested andaffected party and recommended that a meeting be arrangedwith the Port of Port Elizabeth and Ngqura Habour Mastersto discuss the details of the proposed activity.Email 01/09/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.ERM has recommended thatNewAGE arrange meetingswith the port captains todiscuss the logistics for theseismic survey.26 OceanMessengersEmailOceanMessengers02/09/2010 MarineEnvironmentOcean Messengers raised the following concerns:“Deep water marine surveys are conducted using vesselscapable of towing one or more seismic cables known as"streamers". Modern 3D surveys use multiple streamersdeployed in parallel, to record data suitable for the threedimensionalinterpretation of the structures beneath the seabed. A single vessel may tow anything up to 10+ streamers,each 6 km+ in length, spaced 50–150 m apart. A Seismicvessel engaged in surveying is defines as a "vessel restrictedin its ability to manoeuvre" and requires that other vessels,especially those engaged in fishing shall keep out of the way.Please see Chapter 2 for adescription of the proposedseismic activities.The impacts of the seimicsurvey on marine fauna(including invertegrates, fish,squid and marine mammals)and fishing activities areassessed in Chapter 6.Typical applied for exclusion zones for Seismic ships could be8 kilometres bow and stern and 6 kilometres port andstarboard during the day time, 12 kilometres bow and sternand 9 kilometres port and starboard during night time for thevessel which will be moving at between 3 and 6 knots.

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponseThe basic principle behind seismology is based on when aseismic wave encounters a boundary between two materialswith different impedances, some of the energy in the wavewill be reflected at the boundary, while some of the energywill continue through the boundary. As a consequence theremust be some truth in the assumption that these seismicsurveys affect the marine population negativelyphysiologically and acoustically.The Acoustic Ecology Institute estimates that there are about ahundred commercial seismic survey vessels worldwide, andthat their activity is increasing the overall background noisein the sea to levels that are likely making long-range whalecommunication difficult.A 1996 study in Norway showed that airguns lowered fishcatch rates over a 5 200 square kilometre area, a 2004 studyprovided the first suggestions that airguns can cause longterminjuries in snow crabs, and surveys in 2001 and 2003were implicated surveys in the beaching of squid that diedfrom unexplained internal injuries.A well-established body of research indicates that marinemammals tend to avoid active seismic survey vessels, oftenexhibiting avoidance behavior at ranges of 5-30km; however,it is not uncommon for whales or dolphins to approach closerto operating airguns, whether out of curiosity or because of abiological need to be where they are. In 2002, two beaked

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Responsewhales (proven most susceptible to sonar impacts) werefound dead along a shoreline near where an academic surveywas underway; they were too decomposed to determine acause of death, but the incident became the first case of asurvey being stopped by the courts due to animal safetyconcerns.Wild fish stocks similarly avoid active seismic surveys;several studies since 1990 have shown that fish catchesdecrease by 50% or more in areas of up to 5 200 squarekilometres during seismic surveys; there is also evidence thatfish egg viability is decreased by long-term exposure to lowfrequency noise. There has been very little study of the effectsof airguns on more sedentary bottom-dwellers, or onplankton and other foundations of the food chain. Recentstudies of caged fish and snow crabs have shown that bothcan sustain physiological damage when airguns passoverhead.Industrial seismic surveys have been in operation worldwidefor decades, with relatively few reports of obvious harm tosea life. BUT, the biological effects of displacement andharassment by noise are not well studied. There is someevidence of long-term hearing damage in cetaceans.Though the effects of behavioral changes caused by animalsavoiding sound are impossible to separate from otherpopulation-level stressors on sea life such as toxins, etc, given

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Responsethe tenuous recovery of cetaceans, and the global decline inmost fish species, calls are increasing to limit additionalstressors on these fragile populations of sea life.Several beachings of giant squid along the coast of Spain haveraised concerns that their deaths may have been caused byexposure to loud sounds, possibly seismic survey airguns.Unusual numbers of stranded squid appeared during seismicsurveys in both 2001 and 2003, according to researcher AngelGuerra. None had signs of superficial damage, but all hadinternal injuries. Ear damage was present in all specimens,with further organ and tissue damage in some. "No one hasever seen this before in giant squid," says Guerra, who fearsthere might be many more victims.The first controlled study of snow crabs exposed to an activeseismic survey has revealed a surprising amount ofphysiological damage. Crabs, which were caged on theseafloor as airguns passed 40 meters above them, exhibitedtissue and organ damage, slightly poorer reproduction, andan increased number of lost legs. Canadian Department ofFisheries and Oceans researchers, who did the study, notedthat there was no significant change in mortality or feedingpatterns in crabs exposed to airguns, but that hemorrhagingand membrane detachment in the crabs'ovaries was noted.”Ocean Messangers stressed the value of the marineenvironment and strongly recommendation NewAGE not

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Responseundertake seismic surveys offshore of the Eastern Cape.27 GlentonKendrickStakeholderComment SheetUnderwaterAfrica02/09/2010 MarineEnvironmentMr Kendrick requested details on the following:• The exact coordinates of the proposed survey area;• If all boating activities will be banned from the surveyarea for the full duration of the survey;• What compensation will be provided for the loss ofincome for the fishing, scuba diving, and other boatbased activities that will be affected by the survey;• Up to what distance from the sound pulse that isemitted, will the effects of the pressure be fatal to:(a) marine life;(b) scuba divers/spear fishermen who are submerged at thetime;• There are so-called “safety buffer zones” around St.Croix and Bird Island. What of the Rij Banks area and thesea mount (at 15cm depth) just south west of St. Croix?Email 07/09/2010 The survey block is describedin Chapter 1 and shown inFigure 1.1. A description of theproject activities is included inChapter 2. The impacts ondivers are assessed in Chapter 5,and the impacts on marinefauna are assessed in Chapter 6.Details of the impacts ofseismic noise are provided aspart of the impact assessmentin Chapter 6.There is no mechanism forcompensation.There are no formalmechanisms for compensation.Impacts on fishing are deemedto be of low significance (aftermitigation).28 Dr PaulMartinEmail Individual 03/09/2010 MarineEnvironmentDr Martin wanted to be registered as an I&AP for thisprocess.He provided the following comments:Email 06/09/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.The impacts of the seimic

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Response1. The proposed starting months (Nov- early Dec) coincideexactly with the peak movement of Humpback Whales andtheir calves south from their breeding grounds. They gatheroff the SA cape's ready for their migration to Antarctica at thistime. Easter is generally when the Sardine Run (withaccompanying dolphins & Bryde's Whales) passes the AlgoaBay area. June onwards is when the Humpback & SouthernRight Whales start migrating north through the area /arriving to breed. Early Jan - mid-March would probably bethe best months wrt marine mammals. Dr Stephanie Plon atBayworld, PE is doing monthly surveys of marine mammalsin the Algoa Bay area (hence the knowledge of marinemammal movements). It is essential that she be consulted.survey on marine fauna(including marine mammals,seabirds and squid) areassessed in Chapter 6.NewAGE has amended thesurvey block to exclude a 10km buffer from the Bird IslandMPA (to the north east of thesurvey area) and a 5 km bufferfrom the proposed Addo MPAas shown in Figure 1.1.2. Algoa Bay supports the largest African Penguin (IUCN:Endangered) breeding colonies in the world. A movement offish resources away from the breeding islands (St Croix &Bird Island) is thought to be at least partially responsible forthe collapsing populations (halved since 2007). Any scaringaway of fish from within the foraging range of the penguinscould lead to a breeding collapse. Breeding is extended butlaying usually peaks in Jan, eggs hatch after approx 38 days &fledging can take 2-3 mths. It is essential to consult with AOosthuizen of SANParks, Lorien Pichegru (not sure ofspelling) who is doing a Post Doc on the penguins in AlgoaBay & Rob Crawford of DEA: Oceans & Coast (previouslyMCM).

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Response3. The effects on White Sharks (contact Matt Dicken,Bayworld who is studying these in Algoa Bay) and the squidindustry (contact SA Squid Management Industry Associationbased in PE) - previous studies have indicated seismicsurveys have a big affect on squid - need to be taken intoconsideration.4. Although this is a preliminary survey, should oil / gasresources be found, given the depths and high wave energyalong this section of coast, the risks associated withexploitation would be untenable given that Algoa Baysupports the largest gannetry in the world, the largest AfricanPenguin population in the world and is home to the AddoNational Park & Marine Protected Area. So why is the surveybeing done in the 1st place when there are potential fatalflaws associated with petrochemical exploitation in this area(viz the Gulf!)?29 Dee Peine StakeholderComment Sheet30 Dr HughLaueEmailBarnacleBay RidesZwartkopsTrust05/08/2010 Registration Dee Peine wanted to register as an I&AP. Email 06/09/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.05/08/2010 Human andMarineEnvironmentDr Laue wanted to register as an I&AP.He also expressed the following concerns:• In the light of human caused climate disruption due tofossil fuel combustion there should be no more oilexploration.Email 06/09/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3.The impacts of the seimicsurvey on marine fauna areassessed in Chapter 6.

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Response• Furthermore the gulf oil disaster demonstratesunacceptably high pollution risk to the precious SouthAfrican Coast.• Finally, the seismic survey itself would be an unacceptabledisturbance to the rich marine life found in Algoa Bay.Dr Laue registered the organisations strongest opposition tothis irrational proposal that demonstrates a willful ignoranceof the danger of climate disruption and a lackof political vision for a low carbon future.The strategic issues related topolitical and governmentalpriorities and the reliance offossil fuels is beyond the scopeof this EMPR.31 M. Cohen Email CEN IEM 06/09/2010 Request forInformationDr Cohen requested a status update. Email 06/09/2010 Please see list of I&APs inAppendix B-3. Emailcorrespondence is provided inAppendix B-2.32 Dr PaulMartinEmail Individual 06/09/2010 Legislation Dr Martin wrote that after checking the EIA Regulations it isvery clear that an EIA process must be followed as this is alisted activity, contrary to the statement in the InformationDocument.Clause 19 of R544 dd 18/6/10 Listing Notice 1 requires aBasic Assessment for any activity which requries aProspecting Right ito Section 16 & 18 of the PRDA.Clause 21 and Clause 23 of R545 dd 18/6/10 Listing Notice 2requires a full EIA process for, respectively, any activity thatrequires an Exploration Right (ito section 79 & 81 of thePRDA) or a Reconnaisance Permit (ito section 74 of theEmail 06/09/2010 Please see Chapter 1 fordiscussion regarding theapplication of the EIARegulations.

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM ResponsePRDA).33 DrStephaniePlonEmailS. AfricanInst. f.Aquat.Biodiversity(SAIAB)and S.AfricanEnv. Obs.Network(SAEON)06/09/2010 MarineEnvironmentDr Plon is currently carrying out a three year survey of criticalhabitat of cetaceans in Algoa Bay (June 2008-May 2011), withfinancial support from DEA: Marine and CoastalManagement (MCM) (MCM registered project:MCM2007073100020) and SANParks.• Preliminary data indicates that Algoa Bay is a southernright whale calving ground and that humpback whalesand their calves are also observed in the bay. Theseanimals are first seen in our waters as early as May and upuntil January- therefore the proposed timing of the surveyis in conflict with the occurrence of these two mysticetespecies in Algoa Bay.• A third mysticete, the Brydes whale, is observed in thebay year-round and will thus be exposed to the effects ofthe survey.• As seismic explorations have shown to have an effect onboth mysticetes as well as odontocetes carefulconsiderations need to be given as to the timing of anysuch activities. Algoa Bay is home to at least oneodontocete species that is registered as “near threatened”(the humpback dolphin) and careful consideration needsto be given as to the effects of seismic exploration on theseanimals.• We also house the easternmost population of Cape furseals in Algoa Bay, close to the proposed survey areaEmail 06/09/2010 The impacts of the seimicsurvey on marine fauna areassessed in Chapter 6.NewAGE has amended thesurvey block to exclude a 10km buffer from the Bird IslandMPA (to the north east of thesurvey area) and a 5 km bufferfrom the proposed Addo MPAas shown in Figure 1.1.Details of the mitigationmeasures are provided in PartB: EMP and Chapter 6

Ref. Name Correspondence TypeOrganisationDateReceivedCategory Comment Type Date Issued ERM Response(Black Rock). A resident seal biologist (Greg Hofmeyr,Bayworld) should be consulted on the effects of theproposed survey and the potential loss of biodiversity inthe bay.• There are a number of marine protected areas (MPA’s) inclose proximity to the proposed area to be surveyedseismicexplorations have an equally large effect on fish asthey do on marine mammals and other vertebrates such asmarine birds and turtles. The effects on fish will have aknock-on effect on marine vertebrates feeding on thesefish, and in particular the effects on the endangeredAfrican penguin need to be considered here.• The mitigation measures for impacts on marine mammalsstated in the information document are very rudimentary.Additional information is needed with regards to thedetails of the mitigation measures planned such asindependent and trained marine mammal observers(MMO’s), exclusion zones and sensitive areas as well as“soft start” procedures.

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENTThe direct and potential positive and negative impacts of the seismic surveyon socio-economic activities are presented in this section. These are discussedtogether for all phases.5.1 ECONOMIC IMPACTSDirect revenues are generated as a result of the seismic survey. Revenuegenerating activities are related to the actual operations and include refueling,vessel / gear repair, port dues, helicopter services, hire of local fishing vesselsas sweeper vessels, employment of local independent MMOs andenvironmental consulting work. However, due to the short duration and therelatively small amounts of additional revenue generated, the seismic surveyshave only negligible positive impact to the macroeconomy.While fishing is an important economic activity undertaken within theconcession area (see Section 6.1.9 for detailed discussion on the impacts onfishing), the impacts after mitigation on commercial and recreational fishing(displacement of fishing activities, change in catch sizes and disturbance offishing gear) were considered to be of low significance. Due to the shortduration of the fishing impacts, there are unlikely to be impacts onemployment, and the economic impact of decreased catch is also likely to benegligible. The overall negative impact of the seismic surveys is deemed to beof negligible significance.5.2 JOB CREATIONNew job creation associated with the seismic survey will be limited becausethe surveys will be of short duration (the duration of a typical seismic surveyis four to eight weeks). In addition, the seismic survey crew are generallyspecialists trained to conduct seismic surveys aboard the specially designedand contracted seismic vessels. These specialists are typically foreignnationals that are engaged full time for surveys around the world.In terms of impacts on governmental institutions, the seismic survey will notrequire the creation of new functions, the reallocation of existing functions, orthe creation of new institutions in the Department of Mineral Resources(DMR) or any other government department.The overall positive impact of the seismic surveys on job creation is judged tobe of negligible significance.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20105-127

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK5.3 IMPACTS ON TOURISM ACTIVITIESIn addition to private whale watching, diving and other tourism-realtedrecreational activities, there are also a number of local tourism operatorsparticularly offering boat-based whale-watching tours and diving trips withAlgoa Bay. The seismic surveys may have some behavioral impacts onwhales, resulting in decreased sightings during the survey, and possibleimpacts on diving activities. The proposed seismic surveys could havemedium significant impacts on the dive tourism industry, although the exactstandoff distances for divers will depend on source levels to be utilised in thesurvey.As the tourism operators are likely to operate primarily in the inshore areas,while the seismic survey is planned for at least 25 km offshore, and with theimplementation of the mitigation measures, the impact on the tourismactivities is deemed to be of low significance.5.4 IMPACT ON DIVING AND UNDERWATER RELATED RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIESAs with marine mammals it is expected that three types of injury to humanscan result from exposure to high sound underwater levels:• Shifts of hearing threshold – Repeated or continual exposure to high levelsound results in a gradual deterioration of hearing through permanentthreshold shifts (1) (PTS) or temporary threshold shifts (TTS).• Tissue damage – Tissue damage usually arises from the nearinstantaneous increase in pressure, which forms shock waves of explosivepulses. As rise times are not rapid in non-explosive seismic sources, tissuedamage from such sources is likely to be negligible.• Acoustically induced decompression sickness (Crum and Mao (1996))suggested that significant acoustically induced bubble formation could beexpected at received levels of over 210 dB.Much of the limited information available on the impact of underwater noiseon humans is from military sources. The U.S. Navy has conducted two studiesof relevance (see www/surtass-lfa-eis.com):• The Applied Research laboratory of the University of Texas carried out 437tests on 87 divers over the period 1993 to 1995. Divers were subject to a(1) Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS) refers to an increase in the threshold of hearing that is permanent, not temporary. It isan unrecoverable deafening due to physiological damage to the hearing organs that does not diminish with time. PTS mayoccur as a result of long-term exposures and/or extremely loud noises. Repeated exposures that cause to temporarythreshold shift (TTS) can induce PTS as well.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20105-128

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKnine 100 second 50% duty cycle 160 dB pulses of varying frequency above160 Hz. The study did not induce any long term effects on major organsystems and concluded that sound pressure levels of below 160 dB would“not be expected” to cause physiological damage to a diver.• Studies conducted by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) and theU.S. Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) inconjunction with a consortium of university and military laboratoriesdeveloped guidance for safe exposure limits for recreational andcommercial divers to low frequency sound, particularly SURTASS LowFrequency Active Sonar (LFAS). The studies concluded that the maximumintensity used during tests (received level of 157 dB) did not producephysiological evidence of damage in human subjects. A two percent “verysevere” aversion reaction was recorded in divers at a level of 148 dB. TheNSMRL therefore determined (by scaling back the intensity by 3 dB (a 50percent reduction in signal strength) that a received level of 145 dB wouldprovide a suitable margin of safety for divers. Consequently, in June 1999,NSMRL set interim guidance for the operation of low frequencyunderwater sound sources in the presence of recreational divers at 145 dB.This guidance has been endorsed by both the Navy’s Bureau of Medicineand Surgery and the Naval Sea System Command (British Ministry ofDefence, 2004).Richardson et al (1995) also noted a number of vertigo and discomfort effectsto human divers from underwater sounds. The underwater seismic arrayemissions are expected to be in the order of 220 - 250 dB re 1Pa at 1 m atsource. Richardson et al (1995) noted that in water depths of 25 to 50 m deep,airgun arrays are often audible to ranges of 50-75 km and that detectionranges can exceed 100 km with efficient propagation or in deep water.Application of such attenuation rates suggest that seismic sounds could beheard by divers for considerable distances from source. In shallow water (20to 110m deep) basic cylindrical spreading modeling suggests that the limit forhumans would be met at around 56 km from the source. However, this doesnot include the effect of bottom attenuation, which could affect the result by afactor of five.There are a number of dive sites within Algoa Bay, where recreational divingand spearfishing take place. There are also tourism operators who offerdiving tours (Section 5.3). Over and above potential pathological injury, areduced diving experience may result from exposure to increased backgroundnoise resulting from the survey. The overall impacts of the seismic survey onrecreational diving before mitigation are deemed to be medium.Mitigation of Impact on Diving and Underwater Related Activities• Noise attenuation modelling must be undertaken prior to any seismicactivities to determine safe diving limits and distances. The results of theENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20105-129

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKmodelling should be communicated to impacted stakeholders andadvanced warnings should be provided to ensure that they are able tovacate the areas in a timely manner.• A detailed communication plan with regards to the survey timing andpotential impacts must be developed.• Compensation will need to be investigated if seismic surveys can not bescheduled outside of peak tourist seasons to avoid impacts on divers.Residual Impact on Diving and Underwater Related ActivitiesGiven suitable management, the significance of pathological impact of seismicsurveys on divers is likely to be negligible and the impacts on diving,including the overall perceived diving experience will result in an impact oflow significance after mitigation.5.5 IMPACTS ON SITES OF HISTORIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL INTERESTINCLUDING SHIPWRECKSNo impact on archaeological or culturally sensitive sites is envisaged. Theseismic activities, including the deployment of the geophone streamers occurno deeper than 20 m from the surface of the sea and these activities willtherefore not encounter any sensitive receptors, primarily located on theseabed.5.6 IMPACTS ON RECREATIONNo impact on recreational activities is envisaged. The mobilisation of thevessel would result in no particular increase in marine traffic levels in thearea, and therefore no impact on recreational activities. Recreational uses ofthe marine environment include surfing and related practices, wind surfing,boating, SCUBA diving, nature watching and beach recreation along theshores of Algoa Bay. Jackson and Lipschitz (1984) report the presence of 114recreational sites along the South Coast. The above mentioned recreationalpractices are mostly undertaken near coastal settlements, which are located onthe coast and are largely practised for their aesthetic value.Due to the short duration of the seismic surveys and alternative sites availablefor recreational activities, the impacts on recreational activities are deemed tobe low, and negligible after mitigation.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20105-130

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTA matrix of the environmental impacts at the various stages of seismic surveyactivities is given in Table 6.2. The following sections provide a summary ofthe findings as appropriate to seismic activities for the various phases ofoperation.6.1 ESTABLISHMENT PHASEThis phase includes the finalisation of the seismic contractors, the hiring andtraining of staff, mobilisation of the seismic vessel and chase vessel, travel tothe seismic acquisition area, testing of equipment, deployment of thegeophone array (just before the vessel reaches the seismic acquisition area andplanned seismic lines) and preparation for beginning firing of the airguns.6.1.1 Geology and SedimentNo impact will occur as staff and vessel mobilisation do not have physicalimpacts on the geology and sediments of the seabed or coastline. The seismicactivities, including the deployment of the geophone streamers occur nodeeper than 20 m from the surface of the sea.6.1.2 Physical OceanographyStaff and vessel mobilisation do not impact the physical oceanography. Theseismic activities, including the deployment of the geophone streamers occurno deeper than 20 m from the surface and has no impact on physicaloceanography processes in the survey block.6.1.3 Physical Nature of Surrounding Areas6.1.4 Air QualityNo impact is envisaged, as the staff and vessel mobilisation and preparationfor the seismic surveys do not have any effect on the physical nature of thereceiving environment.Emissions to the environment during the establishment phase will resultmainly from movement of the seismic vessel onto site. The impact on airquality would be negligible and no greater than that from another vessel ofsimilar size.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-131

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK6.1.5 Water QualityAll survey vessels will comply fully with international agreed standardsregulated under MARPOL 73/78 and relevant South African legislation forthe disposal of waste, specifically:• Drainage from machinery spaces will be treated to ensure that it does notcontain more than 15 mg.l -1 of oil.• All other discharges will be treated such that their average monthly oilcontent is no greater than 40 mg.l -1 . The instantaneous oil content of alldischarges will not exceed 100 mg.l -1 .• No plastics or garbage will be discharged to sea. These will either beburnt in trash baskets onboard the vessel or be segregated, quantified andaccounted for prior to disposal at dedicated facilities.• Food wastes will be macerated and discharged offshore, more than 12nautical miles (21.6 km) from the nearest land or island, or brought toshore for disposal.• Sewage discharges will either be treated and disinfected in an approvedtreatment plant and discharged more than 12 nautical miles from shore(mainland and islands), or contained and discharged at dedicatedfacilities.• Hazardous waste (used lubricating oil, filters, batteries etc) will bedisposed at dedicated onshore hazardous waste disposal facilities.The impacts on water quality after mitigation are deemed to be negligible.6.1.6 Fauna and FloraNo impact on flora or fauna is envisaged as the vessel would be steered as anordinary vessel to the survey block area.6.1.7 Marine Transport RoutesMovement of the seismic vessel onto site is expected to have a negligibleimpact on transport routes after mitigation. Any impacts on marine trafficwould be related to interference with the streamers. The seismic equipmentand geophone array will not be deployed until the vessel is close to theoperational area, just before operation (firing of the airgun). NewAGE willprovide details of the seismic survey plan to mariners and fishing operators inadvance of the initiation of seismic activities.6.1.8 Mariculture ActivitiesThere will be no impact on mariculture activities. The mobilisation of thevessel would result in no particular increase in marine traffic levels in thearea, no significant changes to the physical nature of the area which mayimpact mariculture activities.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-132

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK6.1.9 Commercial and Recreational FishingMovement of the seismic vessel onto site is expected to only have a negligibleimpact on fishing activities after mitigation. The seismic equipment andgeophone array will not be deployed until the vessel is close to the operationalarea, just before operation (firing of the airgun). NewAGE will provide detailsof the seismic survey plan to fishing operators in Algoa Bay and to othermariners by notice through the SAN Hydrographic office and to the public viaadvertisement in advance to allow commercial and recreational fishers to plantheir fishing activities in the area.6.1.10 Mining ActivitiesThere will be no impact on mining activities as no mining activities are beingundertaken within the survey block.6.1.11 Communication InfrastructureNo effects of seismic sounds on submarine fibre optic cables, linkage boxes orrepeaters are expected, as the SAT3 cable (the only undersea cable which runsalong the South Coast) is located far offshore and from the survey block.6.2 OPERATIONAL PHASEDuring the operational phase, the survey vessel travels along the plannedseismic lines at a speed of between 4 to 6 knots towing streamersapproximately 5 – 8 km in length with attached geophones. The airgun soundsource or array of airguns, is attached approximately 300 m behind the vesselat a depth of 5-10 m below the surface and produces sound of 220-230 dB re 1mPa @ 1m (single airgun) or 250 dB re 1 mPa @ 1m (airgun array) mainlywithin the 0 - 120 Hz bandwidth.The seismic vessel will need to turn at the end of the seismic line and willdiscontinue shooting, turn in an arc, and then resume shooting once on thenext seismic line.6.2.1 Geology and SedimentThere will be no impact on the seafloor or underlying rocks during theoperational phase. The seismic survey activities occur offshore and within thehighest 10 m of the water column. The seismic pulses generated are not ofsufficient energy to have an impact on the geology or sediment of the seabed.6.2.2 Physical OceanographyThere will be no effects on physical oceanography other than that for anyvessel at sea. The movement of the seismic vessel, the towing of theENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-133

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKgeophones and the seismic noise do not have any effect on the physicaloceanography of the area.6.2.3 Physical Nature of Surrounding Areas6.2.4 Air QualityThe normal controlled operations of the seismic vessel will not alter thephysical characteristics of the coastline or seabed. There are no impacts on thephysical nature of the surrounding areas.During normal operating conditions controlled emission of sulphur dioxideand oxides of nitrogen will be ensured through conventional design featuresprovided with the equipment. Manufacturer’s instructions for the operationand maintenance of the equipment will be followed to ensure that equipmentoperation is carried out at the highest possible level of efficiency. This willalso help in maintaining emissions such as carbon dioxide and carbonmonoxide to minimum possible levels. Due to the limited duration of thesurvey the impact of air emissions is assessed to be of negligible significance.In order to support various operations, fuel oil will be used in turbines,generators, compressors and other equipment. Use of fuel in combustionprocesses will produce combustion gases such as oxides of nitrogen andsulphur. These gases will be emitted to the atmosphere and emissions havethe potential of causing short-term changes in the air quality of the area, butdue to the small amounts and easy dispersion, this would be of negligiblesignificance..Mitigation of Impacts on Air Quality• Regular maintenance of motors and generators to ensure that equipment isoperated and maintained to manufacturer’s specification.Residual Impacts on Air Quality• Air quality impacts are regarded as negligible given the short duration ofthe seismic survey.6.2.5 Water QualityWastes, discharges and emissions that will be generated during the proposedseismic survey will include liquid effluents including deck drainage, drainagefrom machinery spaces and sewage, kitchen and other solid waste andhazardous wastes. Untreated drainage will be limited to rainwater and seaspray run-off from uncontaminated areas and this will have a negligibleimpact on the water quality and on the ecology of the receiving waters.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-134

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKNonetheless, mitigation measures are proposed to ensure that pollution isminimised.Mitigation of Impacts on Water Quality• All survey vessels will comply fully with international agreed standardsregulated under MARPOL 73/78 and relevant South African legislationfor the disposal of waste, specifically:• Drainage from machinery spaces will be treated according to MARPOL73/78 limits (to ensure that it does not contain more than 15 mg.l -1 of oil)• Oily drainage from all other areas will be treated and stored on the vesselprior to discharge at an appropriate facility for the shallow water area anddischarged to sea for the deep water areas• All other discharges will be treated according to MARPOL 73/78 limits(average monthly oil content is does not exceed 40 mg.l -1 ). Theinstantaneous oil content of all discharges will not exceed 100 mg.l -1 .• No plastics or garbage will be discharged to sea. These will either be burntin trash baskets onboard the vessel or be segregated, quantified andaccounted for prior to disposal at dedicated facilities.• Food wastes will be macerated and discharged offshore, more than 12nautical miles (21.6 km) from the nearest land or island, or brought toshore for disposal.• Sewage discharges will either be treated and disinfected in an approvedtreatment plant and discharged more than 12 nautical miles (21.6 km) fromshore (mainland and islands), or contained and discharged at dedicatedfacilities.• Hazardous waste (used lubricating oil, filters, batteries etc) will bedisposed at dedicated onshore hazardous waste disposal facilities.Residual Impacts on Water QualityThe overall residual impacts of emissions and waste generated on air andwater quality are considered to be negligible.6.2.6 General Impacts on Fauna and FloraCharacteristics of Seismic NoiseThe most frequently used sound sources for seismic surveys are arrays ofairguns that have dominant energy in the 10-300 Hz frequencies. Soundpressure levels of airgun arrays at the source (1 m) are in the region of 230-258dB re 1 µPa-m (McCauley, 1994; Richardson et al, 1995). Despite the fact thatmost of the energy of the pulses is of relatively low frequency (50 – 100 Hz),airgun array pulses contain some energy up to 500 - 1000 Hz (Richardson et al,1995). Analysis of broadband spectra of seismic survey airgun emissions hasshown considerable energy at around 22 kHz (90 dB re 1 µPa2 Hz-1 at 750 m).ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-135

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFor an organism to respond to sound, the sound has to exceed that of theambient noise, which has either non-biological or biological origins.McCauley (1994) noted that non-biological underwater noise has threeprincipal sources, namely wind (including waves and the surf zone), rain andanthropogenic causes. Noise increases with increasing wind speed, with mostof the noise being generated by bubble oscillations within waves (Cato, 1978,Banner and Cato, 1988). Rain produces broad-frequency spectra sounds,increasing with the intensity of the downpour.Shipping sounds cover a wide range of spectra, and include extremely loudnoises when the source is in close proximity. Table 6.1 summarises the nonbiologicalsources of marine noise and provides some expected ranges inrelation to drilling activities.Table 6.1Comparison of Underwater Noise TypesSourceFrequency and StrengthWind 1Hz - 25 kHz; 95 dB at 100-200 Hz (Force 12)RainBroad spectrum; 80 dB-m (heavy rain)Ships (depending on vessel size) 1 Hz - 1 kHz; 150 - 200 dB-mInvertebrates2-10 kHz;

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKfrequency), the transmission or propagation loss and the receptive capabilitiesof the animal. The transmission or propagation loss of sound through waterobviously results in sound levels decreasing with distance from the source.Consequently the distance of the receiver from the source probably has thegreatest influence on the sound levels that are perceived.Generic Impacts of Noise on Marine BiotaThree distance zones can be defined around a sound source in terms of theinfluence of the sound on marine fauna. These are:(i) the zone of pathological injury;(ii) the zone of behavioural response; and(iii) the zone of audibility (where the sound is audible but has no effect onthe animal or its behaviour).A fourth zone, the zone of masking, exists but is difficult to quantify(Richardson etc al, 1995). The potential effects of noise on marine organismscan be categorised as follows:• Behavioural changes are often hard to detect, but generally involve acessation of normal activities and the commencement of avoidance or‘startle’ behaviour as a result of the detection of sound from marineconstruction activity. Continued exposure often results in habituation tothe sound, followed by a recommencement of normal behaviour.• Interference with and masking of sounds produced by animals forcommunication purposes is also difficult to assess, but is likely to result inthe temporary cessation of sound production, or a muffling of sounds.• Physical damage or injury can arise from the differential rate oftransmission of sound pressure waves through tissues of varyingdensities. The effect is particularly marked at interfaces between tissuesand gas-filled cavities, for example, the swim-bladders of fishes or thelungs of mammals. The sound-receiving apparatus of most organisms isgenerally comprised of sensory hair cells, which are extremely sensitive tovibrations. Over-stimulation of these can potentially lead to pathologicalinjury (including disorientation, stunning and any associated predation).• Shifts of hearing threshold – Repeated or continual exposure to high levelsound results in a gradual deterioration of hearing through permanent(PTS) or temporary threshold shifts (TTS).• Acoustically induced decompression sickness - Crum and Mao (1996)suggested that significant acoustically induced bubble formation could beexpected at received levels of over 210 dB.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-137

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKThe significance (if applicable) of these effects for the different groups ofmarine fauna encountered on the South Coast are discussed below.6.2.7 Impacts on Phytoplankton and ZooplanktonHigh level seismic sounds such as seismic firing could result in pathologicalinjury or mortality of plankton. The documented effects of impulsive seismictype sounds on plankton are however limited to the extreme vicinity (within10 m) of the source.The mortality or injury impacts of seismic noise on plankton are deemed to benegligible due to the rapid regeneration of plankton. Regeneration time ofphytoplankton is rapid (although subject to nutrient availability) so that aregion vacated by mortality would be rapidly re-colonised by phytoplankton.Re-colonisation times of a water column by zooplankton would depend on anumber of variables, including seasonality of spawning, water movement, andvertical migration of plankton species and proximity of breeding adultpopulations.Consequently, the effects of seismic noise on plankton are deemed to be ofnegligible significance. The effects are probably similar to that of the wake ofa vessel.Mitigation of Impacts on Phytoplankton and Zooplankton• No mitigation.Residual Impacts on Phytoplankton and Zooplankton• Impacts are considered to be of negligible signficance.6.2.8 Impacts on InvertebratesPotential direct impacts of seismic surveys on invertebrate species includemortality and behavioural avoidance impacts. Potential secondary impactsinclude impacts:• on fishing of commercially important species; or• increased predation of invertebrates as a result of injury because they maybe impacted or disorientated.The seismic block is located within one of the identified South Coast RockLobster fishing grounds (see Section 3) (moderate effort close to Bird Island).This varies between 5,001 and 25,000 traps set in the east of the survey block,25,001 – 50,000 traps counted in the south of the survey block and a lowernumber (

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKMarine invertebrates, and particularly crustaceans, do not have elaborateorgans for the detection of sound, but rather rely on mechanoreceptors todetect waterborne vibrations. Additionally, most invertebrates do not possessair-filled spaces within their body cavities, so their sensitivity to sounds ismuch reduced. While limited published information about the effects ofseismic surveys on invertebrate fauna is available, some of the literature issummarised below:• Kosheleva (1992, in Turnpenny and Nedwell, 1994) and Matishov (1992, inTurnpenny and Nedwell, 1994) carried out experiments on the exposure ofinvertebrate species to airgun noise. No detectable effects were found onmussels (Mytilus edulis), periwinkles (Littorina sp.) or the crustaceancrayfish (Gammarus locusta) at sound pressure levels of 229 dB (at 0.5 mfrom a source level of 223 dB re 1 Pa at 1 m). However, a source level of217 dB (2 m from this source level) resulted in splitting of 33 percent of theshells of Iceland scallops and a 15 percent spine loss in sea urchins.• McCauley (1994) reviewed the measured behavioural responses ofinvertebrates to particle motion of low frequency stimulation andsuggested there may well be some limited behavioural response to seismicsounds in the near field.• Wardle et al (2001) undertook underwater observations of free ranginginvertebrates (crustaceans, echinoderms and molluscs) exposed to threesynchronised 150 cui pneumatic airguns fired every 60 seconds atdistances between 109 and 5.3 m from a video camera. No avoidance ofthe reef area by invertebrate species was recorded.• Webb and Kempf (1998) found that a seismic array with a total volume of480 in 3 and a source level of 190 dB re 1µPa at 1m and 2m water depth didnot result in any mortality of brown shrimp in the Wadden Sea and foundno reduction in catch rates. Also, Steffe and Murphy (1992), as cited inMcCauley (1994), were unable to show any significant effects on prawncatch rates before, during or after seismic survey of the coast of New SouthWales, Australia. Likewise, La Belle et al (1996) showed that samplingbefore and after seismic shooting showed no evidence of clam mortality.The effects of seismic noise on benthic invertebrate fauna are thereforeconsidered to be negligible from seismic surveys where noise will largely bewithin the far-field range. Because of the large distance to the seabed, effectsto benthic invertebrates and associated behavioural avoidance is improbable,and the consequent impacts of behavioural avoidance are considered to be ofnegligible significance.The impacts of seismic noise on mobile invertebrates (for example rocklobster) are generally deemed to be of negligible significance. There is likelyto be some behavioural avoidance of seismic surveys by water columnENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-139

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKinvertebrates. This is deemed to be of negligible significance due toavailability of high mobility, alternate habitat and post-survey return ofanimals.Mitigation of Impacts on Invertebrates• The survey will utilise “soft starts” to ensure that invertebrates can moveaway from and avoid the seismic noise sources. “Soft starts” refer to thepractice of increasing the source level of a sound source array graduallyrather than to commence firing all sound sources at full volume, after aperiod when seismic sources have been silent or about to start. Thisprocedure intends to allow any marine fauna that is are close to the arrayto move away before they are exposed to emissions at full power. Prior tothe start of seismic shooting, sound levels are increased gradually by 6dBper minute over a period of at least 20 minutes.Residual Impacts on InvertebratesOverall impacts on invertebrates are considered to be negligible.6.2.9 Impacts on Cephalopods (including Squid)Cephalopods may be receptive to the far-field sounds of seismic airgun arrays,although responses are unknown. Reception of low frequency sounds (lessthan 100 Hz) by the squid (Loligo vulgaris) and the octopus (Octopus vulgaris)was attributed by Packard et al (1990) to reception by the statolith organ (1) .Maniwa (1976) found that squid (Todarodes pacificus) could be attracted to a600 Hz pure tone, and that this is a commonly utilised commercial fishingtechnique.McCauley et al (2000) reports on behavioural trials carried out with cagedsquid (Sepioteuthis australis) to measure their response to airguns in theirvicinity. Startle responses were noted at received levels of 174 dB re 1 Pa.During two of the trials using ramped increase in seismic sounds, strongstartle responses were not noted, but noticeable increase levels of alarmresponses were noted once levels had reached 156 –161 dB re 1 Pa received.Consistent avoidance was not noted in these trials, but behavioural changeswere noted during approach of airguns, in that squid appeared to make use ofthe sound ‘shadow’ associated with the surface disturbance. Based on theresults of caged experiments, McCauley et al (2000) suggest that squid wouldsignificantly alter their behaviour at an estimated 2 – 5 km from anapproaching large seismic source.(1) A statolith organ or statocyst is mechanoreceptors which respond to gravity. Fluid filled chambers with calcareousparticles (statoliths) suspended in them. Chamber is lined with sensory cells which are stimulated by the statolith as theanimal moves.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-140

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKThe pathological injury / mortality impact on mobile cephalopods is deemedto be improbable and impact is consequently deemed to be of low to mediumsignificance. Behavioural avoidance may occur at levels of about 160 dB re 1Pa, and the consequent impacts of avoidance are of low significance due toavailability of alternate habitat and post– survey return of animals. However,any such avoidance may lead to indirect effects to higher predators andfisheries.The squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) forms dense spawning aggregations insheltered bays at the eastern boundary of the South Coast, especially betweenPlettenberg Bay and Algoa Bay, but also within the survey block area (Figure3.10) . These aggregations of adults are a seasonal, reaching a peak inNovember and December at depths of between 20 and 130 m. Juveniles alsooccur widely in waters of less than 50 m, and disperse further offshore intowaters of less than 100 m as they grow to intermediate size, and are likely topass through the survey block. Due to the short duration of the surveys andthe mobility of the squid, the impact of the seismic surveys planned betweenNovember 2011 and April 2012 is deemed to be of low-medium significance.Mitigation of Impacts on Cephalopods• The survey will utilise “soft starts” to ensure that cephalopods can avoidthe seismic noise sources. “Soft starts” refer to the practice of increasingthe source level of a sound source array gradually rather than tocommence firing all sound sources at full volume, after a period whenseismic sources have been silent or about to start. This procedure intendsto allow any marine mammals, fish, turtles, seabirds or cephalopods thatare close to the array to move away before they are exposed to emissionsat full power. Prior to the start of seismic shooting, sound levels areincreased gradually by 6dB per minute over a period of at least 20minutes.Residual Impact on CephalopodsThe overall impact of seismic noise on cephalopods after mitigation isgenerally deemed to be of low significance.6.2.10 Impacts on FishPotential impacts on fish species include mortality and behavioural avoidanceof seismic sound sources. Secondary socioeconomic impacts on fishing ofcommercially important species may occur temporarily and is furtherdiscussed in Section 6.2.17.Pathological Trauma or MortalitySeismic noise is most likely to affect fish with swim bladders. Evidence of thepotential impact of underwater explosion shock waves on fish is given byENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-141

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKcircumstantial evidence when underwater explosions are used to sealwellheads and kingklip (Genypterus capensis) are frequently seen floating onthe sea surface after such blasts. However, it should be noted that the risetime for a seismic shot is much slower than that of an underwater explosionand that seismic surveys using airguns do not produce a shockwave (largeamplitude compression wave), as is the case with explosions, but a pulse (aseries of intermittent waves, of lower amplitude that are regular in form andfrequency of occurrence (Encarta, 2009).Assessment of the pathological effects of impulsive airgun type sounds on fishspecies have usually involved the exposure of captive or caged fish to nearbysound sources (see McCauley, 1994 and Turnpenny and Nedwell, 1994). Thefollowing experimental case studies provide some evidence of injury ormortality to fish species.• Weinhold and Weaver (1972, in Turnpenny and Nedwell, 1994) found nolethal effects of 330 and 660 cm 3 airguns (the estimated received level ofwhich Turnpenny and Nedwell (1994) suggested to be approximately 214-216 dB re 1 Pa) to exposed caged Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)smolts.• Falk and Lawrence (1973) exposed caged, juvenile coregonid fish to anoperating airgun (which Turnpenny and Nedwell (1994) estimate resultedin a received level of 226-234 dB re 1 Pa) and found certain of the fishsuffered swimbladder damage.• Kosheleva (1992) investigated the effects of single and arrayed airguns ofbetween 1000 and 20,000 cm 3 (which Turnpenny and Nedwell (1994)suggested had peak sound pressure levels of between 220 and 240 dB re 1Pa) on benthos, phytoplankton and fish and found that exposure atdistance of greater than 1 m or more resulted in no pathological damage tothe fish.• Hastings (1990, in Turnpenny and Nedwell, 1994) found that lethalthresholds for fish began at 229 dB and transient stunning was reported at192-198 dB received, but that captive fish usually recovered after 30minutes. Turnpenny and Nedwell (1994) noted that such transientstunning could be lethal in the wild due to an increase in predation.• McCauley (1994) reviewed experiments in which fish were exposed toblack powder detonations and stated that the signal from detonation ofblack powder has similar characteristics to that of airguns. He noted thatHubbs and Reichner (1952, in McCauley, 1994) found that peak pressuresas high as 240 dB re 1 Pa peak did not result in fish mortalities.However, no received levels are given in this text.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-142

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• McCauley et al (2000) reported preliminary results of pathologicalexaminations of pink snapper (Chrysophrys aurata) exposed to airguns inexperimental trials. Fish were exposed to a maximum level of soundwhich corresponds to an approximate rms level of 193 dB re 1 Pa.Examinations of maculae showed ablated or damaged hair cells on thesaggital otoliths (1). Although the extent of such temporary damage waslow, the authors note that it may be indicative of greater damage andreduced fitness after exposure. The authors noted however that the resultsare preliminary and that the duration of injury is at present unknown.McCauley et al (2003) found injury to fish hearing organs remained for 58days after being subject to airgun pulses and that full hearing recoverymay have taken four months.Although the above studies provide evidence of the possibility thatpathological trauma or mortality will occur if the fish is in close proximity toairguns, given the general high mobility of fish, it is generally assumed thatthe majority of fish species would avoid seismic noise at lower levels thanwhere pathological injury or mortality would occur. The pathological injury /mortality impacts are deemed to be of low significance.Behavioural Avoidance of Seismic Survey AreasBehavioural responses of fish species to seismic surveys have beeninvestigated using caged trials (eg Pearson et al, 1992; McCauley et al, 2000)and at sea measurements (using both sonar and net and line catch rates) ofavoidance and distribution changes in association with seismic surveys oroperating airguns (eg Skalski et al, 1992; Dalen and Rakness, 1985; Løkkeborg,1991) and underwater video observation of free ranging fish and acousticallytagged fish (Wardle et al, 2001). McCauley et al, 2000 reported on results ofexperimental trials carried out to evaluate the response of 14 caged fishspecies to a nearby operating airgun (20 cui Bolt 600B). Apart from thepathological injury described above, the following responses to airgun soundswere noted:• A startle response to short range start up or high level sounds; theseincluded the C-turn type response (an involuntary muscular spasm on oneside of the fish and the fish darting in that direction) described by Pearsonet al (1982). Startle responses were greater from smaller fishes and alessening of startle responses through time (habituation) was noted.• Spatial changes in schooling behaviour such that fish tended to use thelower portion of the cage during trials, as found by Pearson et al (1982). Inparticular fish tended to use the centre portion of the bottom of the cageduring high noise exposure.(1) The hearing system of fish is made up of sets of organs containing calcareous stones termed the saggital, utricle andlagena otoliths. In most boney fish the saggital otoliths are the primary hearing transducers. Each otolith has a surroundingsensory epithelium termed the macula, which is lined with hair cells. Movement of the otolith results in pressure on themacula hair cells and the nervous response.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-143

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• In some trials, a tendency to faster swimming and the formation of tightergrouping during airgun exposure in some trials.• A return to normal behaviour patterns some 14 – 30 minutes after airgunoperation ceased.Changes in fish behaviour and in situ distribution as a result of seismicsurveys have been reported by a number of authors, and these aresummarised below.• Dalen and Rakness (1985, in Turnpenny and Nedwell, 1994) and Dalenand Knutsen (1987) reported on a study in which an airgun array (of totalvolume of 77, 932 cm 3 ) and source level 249.9 dB was used to investigatethe effects of seismic surveys on distribution of fish in the northern NorthSea. Prior to the seismic operation, the distribution of fish species wasdetermined from echo-sounding and sample trawling to confirm speciesand size classes of fish within the area. Over 100 acoustic surveys weremade along each seismic survey track, prior to shooting and againimmediately afterwards. No surveys were carried out with time after theseismic shooting, so that the longer term effects of the seismic shootingwere not determined. Fish abundance in the area declined after shooting;small pelagic and demersal species showed reductions in abundance of 54percent, 13 percent and 36 percent respectively. As echo-surveys cannotdetect fish close to the sea floor, bottom trawl sampling was carried out toinvestigate changes of fish distribution. Significant increases in trawl catch(34 percent and 290 percent) were recorded in two samples collected aftershooting compared to trawl catches prior to shooting which suggested thatcertain fish species descended to the sea floor during shooting.• Løkkeborg (1991) reported on investigations undertaken off the coast ofnorthern Norway in which the effects of an airgun array (a peak sourcelevel of 239 dB re 1 Pa at 1 m) on commercial fishing for cod (Gadusmorhua) were assessed through catches of four long-liner operatorsmonitored in the survey area. Catches were reduced by 55-80 percentwithin the survey area during seismic shooting, although they returned topre-seismic levels 24 hours after shooting. Reduction of catch wasrecorded at up to five km from the array, which the author suggestedcorresponds to a received sound level of 161 dB. Turnpenny and Nedwell(1994) noted that this catch reduction could have resulted from eitherreduced feeding activity or through the cod moving out of the study area.• Løkkeborg and Soldal (1993) described investigations of the effects ofseismic surveying on cod catches by long-lining operations and by-catchesof other species in shrimp trawls off the coast of Norway and in theBarents Sea. They reported that analyses of catch records showed seismicsurvey operations significantly affected the catch rates of cod in both longENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-144

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKline and trawl fisheries. Catches from long lines set within the seismicsurvey area were reduced by between 55 and 80 percent, while by-catchesof cod in shrimp trawls were reduced by about 80 - 85 percent. Theauthors noted that their data was collected from commercial fishingvessels operating near seismic surveys and despite the fact that they donot provide an ideal basis for quantifying all impacts; the trends stronglysuggested the tendency for reduced catches for up to 24 hours and at least9 km in extent.• A further study carried out off the Norwegian coast was reported byEngås et al (1993, in Turnpenny and Nedwell, 1994) and Engås et al (1995).This comprehensive and dedicated study was designed specifically todetermine the effects of seismic surveys on catch and catch-availability ofcod and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and the temporal and spatialeffects of seismic surveys on catches. An 18 airgun array (total volume of82,132 cm 3 and source level of 248.7dB re 1 Pa at 1 m) was fired over anarea of 5.5km by 18.5km and investigations of fish distributions werecarried out over a 74km 2 area. Acoustic surveys of fish were carried out ina concentric pattern to a distance of 37 km from the centre of the seismicsurveys (in conjunction with verification bottom sampling trawling) priorto, during and after seismic shooting. Commercial trawl sampling wasdesigned on a similar protocol, with 60 - 67 trawls of a standard 145 msweep being carried out before, during and after seismic shooting. Longlinefishing was also carried out at different ranges before, during andafter shooting. Three major findings of this study were:• The distributions and catch rates of both cod and haddock wereaffected by seismic shooting, both over the seismic survey area andbeyond. Catches in trawls of both species were halved over the 74 km 2area with reductions of up to 70 percent near the centre of the shootingoperation. Long-line catches showed a reduction of 50 percent and 44percent of haddock and cod respectively. However catches of codincreased away from the centre of seismic operations, so that at 30 kmno effect was measured. The authors suggested that the differencebetween the catches of cod recorded in the long-line and trawl effortmight result from the long-line fishing not being a quantitativemeasure of fishing effort.• A greater proportion of larger fish (> 60 cm) were driven out of thesurvey area than smaller fish.• The fish distribution did not return to the pre-shooting patterns withinthe five days after shooting terminated.• Wardle et al (2001) undertook underwater observations of free rangingmarine reef fishes (small, medium and large gadoids, gobies flatfishes andwrasse) exposed to three synchronised 150 cui pneumatic airguns firedevery 60 seconds at distances between 109 and 5.3 m from a video camera.No avoidance of the area by fish was recorded. Fish however exhibitedENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-145

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKthe classic C-turn response. During trials when the guns were visible tothe video camera (and fish), fish reacted directionally from the gun.Wardle et al (2001) suggest that fish remained undamaged at receivedsound levels of over 218 dB re 1 Pa. Similarly, cod and saithe taggedwith acoustic pingers showed no directional avoidance of firing airguns.Wardle et al also suggest that the lack of response noted in their trialscompared to other reported trials might arise from the fact that thepopulations studied were resident.• The effects of airgun noise on spawning behaviour of fish are unknownBehavioural responses of some fish to seismic sounds were elicited atrelatively low levels of about 160 dB re 1 Pa, with evidence of avoidance ofseismic survey areas by schooling fish (of up to 30 km and for up to five daysafter shooting terminated) and changes in feeding behaviours associated withseismic noise.In contrast to the recorded changes in schooling behaviour and distribution ofsome fish species, some large pelagic fish show little avoidance behaviour andmay actually investigate hydrophone streamers. On the basis of studiescarried out elsewhere, the impact of seismic surveys on local fish behaviour isdeemed to be of medium significance.The socioeconomic impact that may occur as a result of a decrease in fish catchis discussed briefly in Section 5 and is considered to be negligible.Masking of Environmental Sounds and CommunicationThe effect of masking of the relatively low source levels produced in fishcommunication by seismic surveys may be variable and is consequentlyunknown. The degree of masking of a call for example, will depend on anumber of factors including:• the source level of the seismic noise;• the distance of the receiver (listener) from the source;• the source level of the call; and• the distance of the caller from the listener and the current ambient noise.The importance of communication to the survival of local fish species isunknown, but it may be important in breeding behaviour. Many different fishspecies are known to use swim bladders for the production of sound (egkingklip and kob) and this plays an important role in species identificationand spawning behaviour. Given the large distribution range of most fishspecies (relative to seismic survey areas), the effects of seismic noise inmasking communication sounds of fish and environmental sound stimuli areassumed to be negligible.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-146

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKThe effect of masking (of the relatively low source levels produced in fishcommunication) by seismic surveys is unknown.Indirect ImpactsThe indirect effects of seismic surveys on South African fish species aredifficult to determine, and would depend on the diet make-up of the fishspecies concerned and the effect of seismic surveys on the diet species. Whileno effect is assumed for herbivorous, planktivorous or invertebrate eatingspecies, there may be some indirect effect on piscivorous species. There islittle information on feeding success of fish (or larger predators, for thatmatter) in association with seismic survey noise. Reduced line-fish catches inassociation with seismic surveys have been suggested to result from changesin feeding behaviour.Given the large distribution range of most fish species (relative to seismicsurvey areas), the indirect effect of seismic noise on feeding or predation offish is assumed to be of negligible significance.Mitigation of Impacts on Fish• Implement “soft starts” at the initiation of all shooting activity to reducenoise impacts on fish by allowing time for the fish to move from the areabefore pathological seismic noise levels are reached.Residual Impacts on FishThe overall impacts of the seismic survey on fish before mitigation are judgedto be of low-medium significance. The residual impacts on fish is deemed tobe of low significance after the implementation of “soft starts” and given thetemporary nature of seismic surveys, the ability of the fish to move away fromhigh sound levels and the large distribution range of fish species negating anypossible feeding or predation impacts.6.2.11 Impacts on TurtlesThe effects of seismic noise on turtle species could include:• pathological injury or mortality; or• behavioural avoidance of seismic survey areas.Pathological Trauma or MortalityMeasured in-air hearing sensitivities of certain turtle species suggest goodhearing below 800 Hz with lowest hearing sensitivities between 140 and500 Hz. Although no audiograms of underwater hearing have been measuredfor sea turtles, the overlap of this hearing sensitivity with the frequencies ofseismic sounds, suggest that turtles may be considerably affected by seismicnoise. Behavioural changes in response to anthropogenic sounds have beenENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-147

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKreported for some sea turtles. Sounds of frequency of 250 and 500 Hz resultedin a startle response from a loggerhead turtle and loggerhead turtles havebeen shown to avoid operating airguns (165 cm 3 volume of source level 220 dBre 1 µPa at 1 m) in an experimental situation.No information on the pathological injury (including disorientation) ormortality of turtles could be sourced in the literature.Behavioural avoidance of seismic survey areasBehavioural responses to seismic airgun type sounds have been reported forsea turtles in caged response trials as discussed below.• Captive loggerhead turtles (300 x 45 m enclosure) have been shown toavoid operating airguns (two 13 cm 3 ‘poppers’ and one of 165 cm 3 volume,at 2 m depth) by 30 m in an experimental situation (O’Hara, 1990),although received sound pressure levels from the airguns were notmeasured. Based on sound levels of similar volume airguns, McCauley etal (2000) suggest the received level could have been in the order of 175-176dB re 1 Pa rms.• Moein et al (1994, in McCauley et al 2000) investigated avoidancebehaviour, physiological response and electroencephalogrammeasurements of hearing capability of 11 caged (18 m x 61 m x 3.6 m)loggerhead turtles to airgun sounds. Airguns were fired at 175, 177 and179 dB (no units are provided) at 5-6 second intervals. No information asto the operational pressure, deployment depth or received levels of theairguns are given, although McCauley et al (2000) suggested (based onavoidance distances quoted and cage measurements) that received levelsranged between 172 and 176 dB re 1 Pa rms. The first trial at 24 melicited avoidance, while further trials several days later did not elicitstatistically significant avoidance, possibly as a result of a reduction inhearing. Moein et al 1994, (in McCauley et al 2000) suggested that this wasdue to habituation or a temporary shift in hearing threshold. Whilephysiological stress was recorded, McCauley et al (2000) note that nocontrol was applied in that stress resulting from handling of turtles duringtrials was not accounted for.• McCauley et al (2000) carried out two trials to investigate behaviouralresponses of caged green and loggerhead turtles to an approaching airgun.Trials were carried out 2 days apart using a 20 cui single airgun. Abovelevels of 166 dB re 1 Pa rms the turtles significantly increased theirswimming activity compared to periods without operating airguns.Above 175 dB re 1 Pa rms turtle behaviour became more erratic whichthe authors suggest may have reflected an agitated behavioural state. Theauthors caution that the low water temperatures during trials may havelessened the metabolic rate and therefore response level during trials.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-148

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKOn the basis that humans perceive pain and pathological damage (thresholdshifts) at 120 dB and 160 dB above the minimum threshold and the minimumthreshold within the frequencies of seismic noise of 75 dB re 1 µPa, turtlehearing may be affected by seismic noise of over 190 dB. As with other largemobile marine vertebrates, it is assumed that sea turtles will avoid seismicnoise at levels/distances where the noise is a discomfort.Masking of Environmental Sounds and CommunicationNo information on turtle communication could be sourced from the literatureand the effect of seismic noise in masking such environmental cues isunknown and speculative. No effect on the feeding behaviour of turtles isexpected from seismic surveys.The green (Chelonia mydas); leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) [Endangered],loggerhead (Caretta caretta) [Vulnerable] are found within the South Coastregion, probably associated with the Agulhas Current and may exist withinthe survey block. Hatchlings are born along northern KwaZulu-Natal coastfrom late January through to March and move southward in the AgulhasCurrent (Hughes, 1989). Juvenile turtles are thought to swim in the AgulhasCurrent between Durban and the Eastern Cape in February, between AlgoaBay and Mossel Bay in March and between Algoa Bay and Cape Point in April(Hughes, 1974).Mitigation of Impacts on Turtles• Implement at least 20 minute “soft starts” at the initiation of all shootingactivity to reduce noise impacts on turtles and allow time for the turtles tomove from the area before pathological seismic noise levels are reached.• Initiation of firing should only begin after observations have confirmed (asfar as possible) that the visual area around the vessel to a distance of 500 m(safety zone) is clear of all turtle species.Residual Impacts on TurtlesGiven the mobility of turtle to avoid seismic noise, the impact of the surveyson turtle populations are is expected to be of low significance. The impact onjuvenile turtles, although more uncertain, is also expected to be of lowsignificance after mitigation.6.2.12 Impacts on SeabirdsPathological Trauma or MortalityAmong the marine avifauna of South African waters, it is only the divingbirds or birds which rest on the water surface, which may be affected by theunderwater noise of seismic surveys. Of these, it is only the African penguin(Spheniscus demersus) (SA Red Data species listed as Vulnerable) which isflightless (and consequently more susceptible to underwater seismic noise)ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-149

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKand Cape gannet (Morus capensis) (SA Red Data species listed as Concerned)are considered. Although underwater blasts have been reported to result indeaths to seabirds, the rise times of seismic survey pulses are considerablylower than those of underwater blasting and bird mortalities from seismicsurvey pulses are unlikely.Furthermore the continuous nature of the intermittent seismic survey pulsessuggest that birds would hear the seismic sound sources at distances wherethe levels would not induce mortality or injury, and consequently be able toflee an approaching sound source. The potential for injury to seabirds fromseismic surveys in the open ocean is consequently deemed to be low.Behavioural Avoidance of Seismic Survey AreasAlthough speculative, the low hearing thresholds of African penguins atfrequencies which coincide with seismic surveys suggest that they could hearseismic surveys from considerable distances (over 100 km). No behaviouralunderwater audiograms or critical ratios have, however, been established.Behaviourally penguins may be able to avoid some seismic survey noise bysurface swimming with the head above water, although the avoidanceresponse of the species usually involves diving or rapid swimmingunderwater.The impact of seismic noise on the behaviour of seabirds is generally deemedto be low, given the transitory nature of seismic surveys and the large feedingrange of the seabird species.Masking of Environmental Sounds and CommunicationThe impact of seismic noise in masking communication and environmentalsound stimuli of seabirds is assumed to be of low significance.Indirect ImpactsAfrican penguins forage at sea, and most birds are found within 20 km of thecoast. African penguins mainly consume pelagic shoaling fish species such asanchovy (Engraulis japonicus), round herring (Eutrumeuscapensis and E. teres),horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and pilchard (Sardinops sagax) and theirdistribution is consistent with that of the pelagic shoaling fish, which occurwithin the 200 m isobath and therefore within the survey block. Given thelarge distribution range of penguins and their prey species (relative to seismicsurvey areas), the indirect effect of seismic noise on feeding is assumed to benegligible.The overall impacts of the seismic surveys on seabirds is deemed to be of lowmediumsignificance due to their high mobility and large feeding ranges, anddue to the location of important bird breeding colonies close to the surveyblock.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-150

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKMitigation of Impacts on Seabirds• There are a number of African penguin and other seabird breedingcolonies on South Coast, including the islands within the Algoa Bay IslandReserve. The closest portions of the survey block are locatedapproximately 10 and 15 km from Bird Island and St Croix Islandsrespectively. A 10 km buffer zone will be implemented around Bird IslandMPA in order to avoid seabirds (Figure 1.1) and a 5 km buffer has beenincluded around the proposed Addo MPA.• A radius of 500 m should be scanned for the presence of diving seabirds• Implement at least 20 minute “soft starts” at the initiation of all shootingactivity to reduce noise impacts on diving seabirds and fish and allow timefor the birds to move from the area before pathological seismic noise levelsare reached. Initiation of firing should only begin after observations haveconfirmed that the visual area around the vessel to a distance of 500 m(safety zone) is clear of all diving seabird species.• Seabird incidence and behaviour will be recorded by the onboard IO/MMO, including incidence of predatory seabird attraction due to massdisoreintaion of fish. Incidence of seabird feeding near the streamers willbe recorded.• Surveys should be terminated in the case of any injury or mortality ofseabirds, with regard to an understanding of the schedule and financialimplications of termination of seismic shooting. A log should be kept ofall termination decisions (to be included in daily reports).Residual Impact on SeabirdsThe overall impact on seabirds is likely to be low, given the transitory natureand short duration of the seismic surveys, their large feeding range of theseabird species that they are able to hear the seismic noise and move awayfrom the source.6.2.13 Impacts on SealsPathological Trauma or MortalityThe pathological effect of loud low frequency sounds on pinnipeds (includingthe Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus) (IUCN Least Concern) found withinAlgoa/ Gamtoos Block) has not been well documented. A speculative modelof the pain threshold for seals and sea lions has been developed usingmeasured discomfort and injury thresholds for humans (of 120 and 160 dBabove the minimum hearing threshold, though this may be as low as 80 dB forprolonged continuous exposure) (CCA, 2001). Taking a seal and sea lionminimum hearing thresholds of 65 and 80 dB re 1 µPa respectively, the modelsuggests that this pain threshold is in the region of 185 dB re 1 µPa for sealsand 200 dB for sea lions. No audiograms have been measured for Cape furseals. However, it would appear from audiograms and call frequencies ofother species that the majority of seismic sound energy lies at frequencieswhere seal hearing is relatively poor. Higher frequency components (whereENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-151

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKenergies are relatively low) of seismic surveys would, however, overlap theoptimal hearing frequencies of seal species. The potential of injury to sealsfrom seismic noise is deemed to be low as it is assumed that highly mobilecreatures such as fur seals would avoid severe sound sources at levels belowthose at which discomfort occurs.Behavioural Avoidance of Seismic Survey AreasNo detailed information on the reactions of fur seals to seismic explorationnoise could be sourced. An airgun has been reported to cause an initial startlereaction of Cape fur seals, but it was ineffective in scaring them away fromfishing gear. Generally, seals appear to be relatively tolerant to noise pulsesfrom explosives, especially if there is an attraction to prey in the area. Suchrapid rise time underwater explosions are more invasive than the slower risetimeseismic sound pulses. Cape fur seals often approach seismic surveyoperations and may bite hydrophone treamers, and it is assumed that thisattraction is a learned response to towed fishing gear being an available foodsupply. The impact of seismic surveys on Cape fur seal behaviour is deemedto be low and of negligible significance.Masking of Environmental Sounds and CommunicationThere are no known impacts of the seismic noise on seal communication.Indirect ImpactsThe impact of seismic survey noise on fur seal feeding is unknown. The dietof Cape fur seals comprises anchovy, hakes, pilchard, horse mackerel andcephalopods. Evidence of continued feeding in association with ‘seal bombs’(used to scare seals from fishing gear) suggests that any effect will be low tonegligible. Given this behaviour and the large distribution range of most sealprey species (relative to seismic survey areas), the indirect effect of seismicnoise on feeding of seals is assumed to be negligible.Large groups of small mammals such as dolphins and seals, which frequentlyinvestigate vessels and their activity and are highly mobile, are not likely aconcern and no evasive action is required from the survey vessel.Mitigation of Impacts on Seals• In the event that it is observed that the group is clearly stressed by theseismic (airgun) activity suggesting signs of injury or mortality, then theairguns are to be stopped immediately and action taken by the vessel toavoid further contact with the animalsResidual Impact on SealsThe overall impact on seals is deemed to be negligible due to their highmobility and minimal behavioural impacts.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-152

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK6.2.14 Impacts on Cetaceans (Whales and Dolphins)Whale and dolphin species common to the project area can be divided intobaleen whale and toothed whale and dolphin species. Available research(McCauley (1994), Richardson et al (1995), Gordon and Moscrop (1996) andPerry (1998)) suggests that there is considerable difference in the hearingsensitivities of baleen and toothed whales and dolphins, with baleen whalehearing centered at below 1 kHz, while toothed whale and dolphin hearing iscentered at frequencies of between 10 and 100 kHz.A number of migratory cetaceans are found within the South Coast regionsand therefore may occur within the survey block. These include the southernright whale (Eubalaena australis) [IUCN Least Concern] and the Humpbackwhale (Megaptera novaeangliae) [IUCN Least Concern], which are known tooccur in inshore areas. The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) [IUCNEndangered], fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) [IUCN Endamgered]) and seiwhale (Balaenoptera borealis) [IUCN Endangered] migrate in offshore areasduring the winter months. A number of other cetacean species possiblymigrate through the survey block. Others, including bottlenose dolphin(Tursiops aduncus), indo-pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) longbeakcommon dolphin (Delphinus delphis), killer whale (Orcinus orca) and bryde’swhale (Balaenoptera brydei)are known residents on the Algulhas bank andcould occur within the survey area.Toothed Whales (Whales and Dolphins)Pathological Trauma or MortalityAlthough there is no evidence of whales or dolphins being killed or injured byseismic emissions, pathological injury to cetaceans can result from exposure tohigh sound levels through a number of avenues, including trauma to bothauditory and non-auditory tissues. Richardson et al (1995) speculate (on thebasis that prolonged exposure to noises of ~80 dB above the hearing thresholdinduces Permanent Threshold Shifts (PTS) in humans) that very prolongedexposure to noise levels of about 120 dB re 1Pa may induce PTS in belugawhales, although other marine mammals would require much higher levelsthan these. The ‘above threshold’ criteria for inducing PTS in humans arebased on continuous exposure for 8hr/day over 10 years, so that gradual PTSin marine mammals is highly unlikely to occur from seismic surveys. Suchpermanent hearing damage does, however, not always develop gradually, butmay result from brief exposure to high sound levels.No literature is available on the distances at which seismic sounds produceinjury to marine mammals. McCauley (1994) suggested that damage to mostmarine mammal hearing could occur at around 220 dB re 1 Pa. Assumingspherical spreading, McCauley (1994) has suggested that pathological injuryto baleen whale and dolphin hearing would occur within 32 m and 100 m ofENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-153

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKthe downward focussed beam of a large seismic array (of source level of250 dB re 1 µPa at 1 m), respectively.The impact of pathological injury to toothed whales and dolphins fromseismic noise is deemed to be low as it is assumed that highly mobile creaturessuch as cetaceans would avoid severe sound sources at levels well below thoseat which injury would occur.Behavioral avoidance of seismic areasBehavioural audiograms have been measured for several species of toothedwhales. The minimum thresholds were in the region of 39-55 dB with bestfrequencies of between 8 and 90 kHz (CCA, 2001). Generally, toothed whalehearing is centred at frequencies of between 10 and 100 kHz. A low frequencyresponse of bottlenose dolphin (50-150 Hz) has been suggested to be a tactileresponse of the animal to movement of water particles at low frequencies.Such a response would only be found close to a sound source within the nearfield.Behavioural responses of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) to seismicnoise may occur at considerable distances from the noise source. Sightingsurveys showed that sperm whales were displaced by 50-60 km from an areain the Gulf of Mexico where seismic surveys were taking place and spermwhales in the southern Indian Ocean ceased calling in some instances whenseismic pulses were received at 10-15 dB above ambient noise from a sourcesome 300 km distant. Distribution of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis)monitored acoustically in the southern Irish Sea prior to, during and after aseismic survey showed that acoustic contact time was lower during the periodof seismic activity than before or after the activity. However trials may havebeen compromised by late autumn southward movement of dolphins, whichcoincided with the survey period. Reports of dolphins swimming in thevicinity of operating seismic vessels suggest that there is little effect of seismicsurveys on these species.The impact on behaviour of toothed whales is deemed to be of low to mediumsignificance depending on the species concerned and whether the seismicsurvey is undertaken during breeding and calving seasons. The Southernright whales (Eubalaena australis) (IUCN Least Concern) migrate into the nearshoreregion of the South Coast between June and November each year(although animals may be sighted as early as April and as late as January).Impacts during this time would be medium and would be low at other timesof the year (before mitigation).Masking of Environmental Sounds and CommunicationToothed whales vocalise at frequencies higher than those used in seismicsurveys. Echolocation clicks produced by odontocete cetaceans are generallyof frequencies of well above those produced in seismic surveys and it isprobable that such clicks are not masked by seismic survey noise. The effectENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-154

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKof masking of environmental noise stimuli by seismic survey noise isunknown. The diets of toothed whales and dolphins in South African waterslargely comprise fish, cephalopod and crustacean species.Indirect ImpactsGiven the large distribution range of most prey species (relative to seismicsurvey areas), the indirect effect of seismic noise on feeding of cetaceans isassumed to be negligible.Baleen WhalesBaleen whales are well adapted to hear low frequency sounds and thereforewill be most receptive to the noise produced during the proposed seismicoperation.Pathological Trauma or MortalityLien et al (1993) and Ketten et al (1993) estimate damage to hearing ofhumpback whales caused by explosives in the North - Western AtlanticOcean. McCauley (1994), however, notes that airguns used in seismic surveysdo not produce the near-instantaneous pressure increase produced by shockwaves of explosives and that the information reported by Lien et al (1993) andKetten et al (1993) are not applicable to non-explosive seismic sources.However, as noted by Evans and Nice (1996) such accounts suggest thathumpback whales might tolerate sounds at levels which cause pathologicaltrauma, as neither avoidance of the blast area, nor behavioural responses werenoted (Lien et al, 1993, and Ketten et al, 1993).Although no full audiograms have been measured for baleen whales, theinferences suggest baleen whale hearing is centred at below 1 kHz. There isconsiderable evidence for the low frequency auditory sensitivity of baleenwhales, based on the following:• a partial behavioural response audiogram for gray whales;• the assumption that best hearing is centred on frequencies at which theanimals vocalise; and• anatomical evidence of the structure of the ears of baleen whales.The impact of pathological injury to baleen whales from seismic noise isdeemed to be medium as it is assumed that highly mobile creatures such ascetaceans would avoid severe sound sources at levels well below those atwhich injury would occur. This is reduced to medium by implementation ofthe mitigation measures outlined below.Behavioral Avoidance of Seismic Survey AreasThere are a number of published responses of baleen whales to seismicoperations (by a number of authors (Malme et al (1985), McCauley et al (1996,2000), Thompson et al (1986)) including evidence of avoidance of seismicENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-155

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKsurveys by some baleen whale species such as humpback (Megapteranovaeangliae), gray (Eschrichtius robustus) and bowhead (Balaena mysticetus)whales. Such avoidance generally occurred at received levels of between 120and 180 dB. McCauley et al (2000), on the basis of humpback whalemovement in Western Australia, summarised the results of these studies intotwo findings:• Displacements of migratory animals are localised and brief (initiated at adistance of about 4 to 5 km to a closest distance of about 3 km), and thelittle chance of physiological effects suggest seismic surveys to be a lowrisk for migratory whales.• Whales, which are not migrating but using the area as a calving or nurseryground, may be more seriously affected through disturbance of sucklingor resting. McCauley et al (2000) suggest potential avoidance ranges of 7-12 km by nursing animals (based on results of single airgun trials scaled to3D array measurements), but note that these might differ in differentsound propagation conditions.In addition, McCauley (2000) noted that in terms of management purposes,the impacts on migrating humpback whales and nursing humpback whalesneed to be assessed differently. While the risk of seismic surveys andactivities to migrating whales appeared to be low, the risk to nursing whalesor whales occupying a critical habitat would be far higher.Humpback whales make winter migrations through the South Coast regionfrom Antarctic summer feeding grounds to winter breeding grounds. Theimpact on behaviour of baleen whales outside of the breeding season isdeemed to be of low significance depending on species concerned.Masking of Environmental Sounds and CommunicationBaleen whales appear to vocalise exclusively within the frequency range of themaximum energy of seismic survey noise. Humpback whales utilisevocalisations as breeding behaviour (males sing complex songs on thebreeding grounds) and calls may be utilised by southern right whales inattracting males to oestrus females. The effect of seismic survey noisemasking the communication of baleen whale noise is, however, extremelydifficult to quantify. For example, the degree of masking of a call will dependon a number of factors including:• the source level and frequency of the seismic noise;• the distance of the receiver (listener) from the source;• the source level and frequency of the call;• the distance of the caller from the listener; and• the current ambient noise.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-156

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKThe impact of seismic survey noise in masking the communication of baleenwhales will therefore ranges from low to high significance depending on thetime of year of the survey, with lower significance between the months ofDecember and May. The impact on marking communication of baleenwhales, if the survey is initiated during November 2011 as planned, would below.Indirect ImpactsAll of the baleen whales, apart from the inshore stock of Bryde’s whale arehighly migratory with summer feeding migrations outside of South Africanwaters and feeding occurs outside of the region of interest. However, there isincreasing evidence that few humpback whales are remaining within theBenguela Current region in summer months, possibly feeding clupeid like fishin local waters. Given the large distribution range of most prey species ofBryde’s whales (relative to seismic survey areas), the indirect effect of seismicnoise on feeding of whales is assumed to be of negligible significance.The overall impact on cetaceans during the proposed seismic survey proposedfor between November 2011 and April 2012 is medium due to the incidence ofcetaceous species within the survey block, and also due to their ability tomove away from the source source.Mitigation of Impacts on Baleen Whales• As far as practicable, seismic surveys will be planned to coincide with themovement of migratory cetaceans out of South African waters (within thesummer months, December to May, when the majority of migratorybaleen whales are on their southern feeding grounds). This period alsocoincides with the better weather required for seismic surveys.• The use of the lowest practicable airgun volume should be defined andenforced.• Seismic survey activities should avoid the cetacean migration periods fromtheir southern feeding grounds along the coast (June to November)• breeding season of the southern right whales between July and November.• An marine mammal observation programme will be established for thesurvey and undertaken. The MMOs will carry out daylight observations(where possible) of the survey region and record responses of all marinemammals to seismic shooting, including distance from the vessel,swimming speed and direction and obvious changes in behaviour anddisplacement or attraction.• MMOs must keep accurate records of all “soft starts” and pre-firingobservations, any feeding behaviour within the streamers, sightings(location, time) of injured or dead protected species (irrespective of ifcaused by the seismic vessel).• Seismic shooting will be terminated when obvious changes to cetaceanbehaviours are observed from the survey vessel, or animals are observedwithin 500 m of operating airguns. Conservative safety distances areENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-157

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKdefined by received sound pressure levels of 180dB re 1 Pa (rms) forbaleen and sperm whales and 210 dB re 1 Pa (rms) for toothed whales,(OGP/IAGC, 2003).• The initiation of all seismic airgun firing will be carried out as soft-starts inorder to limit the impacts of seismic noise on mobile marine mammalfauna.• Establishment of a 500 m marine mammal exclusion zone. Initiation offiring should only begin after observations have confirmed that the visualarea around the vessel to a distance of 500 m (safety zone) is clear of allcetacean species, thirty minutes prior to firing, so that deep or long divingspecies can be detected.• Low-level warning airgun discharges should be fired at regular intervalsdurign night-time line changes, in order to keep animals away from thesurvey activities.• The use of Passive Acoustic Modelling (PAM) should be used duringtimes of low visibility and at night-time when observations are notpossible.Residual Impact on Cetaceans (Whales and Dolphins)The overall impact on cetaceans is deemed to be low after the implementationof mitigation measures due to the high levels of mobility, the short duration ofthe seismic surveys and the avoidance of the winter migration times.6.2.15 Marine Transport RoutesSeismic surveys require accurate navigation of the sound source and receiverstreamers over pre-determined survey transects. This and the fact that thearray and the hydrophone streamers need to be towed in a set configurationand at a set speed behind the seismic vessel, means that the survey operationhas little manoeuvrability while operating. Consequently, other vessels maybe required to alter course to avoid the towed array and hydrophonestreamers and to keep clear of the exclusion zone.The displacement of transport shipping will be limited to within the extremenear vicinity of the seismic vessel and array (see example exclusion zone inFigure 2.6) and will be of very temporary extent (hours). The impact of suchdisplacement is not significantly greater than displacement associated withany other vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre and is deemed to be ofnegligible significance after mitigation.Mitigation of Impacts on Marine Transport Routes• A notice of the seismic operations will be provided to mariners of throughthe SA Navy Hydrographic Office and port captains of the Port of PortElizabeth and the Port of Ngqura.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-158

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKResidual Impacts on Marine Transport RoutesThe impact on marine transport routes is considered to be negligible due tothe short duration of the survey.6.2.16 Mariculture ActivitiesNo impact on mariculture is expected as a result of the proposed seismicsurvey. The mobilisation of the vessel would result in no particular increasein marine traffic levels in the area, no significant changes to the physicalnature of the area which may impact mariculture activities.6.2.17 Commercial and Recreational FishingSeismic surveys could potentially impact the fishing industries by:(i) temporary cessation or displacement of fishing activities in the seismicsurvey area;(ii) alteration in fish catches and catch distribution; or(iii) interaction with fishing gear.Temporary Cessation or Displacement of Fishing ActivitiesTrawling and LongliningThe survey block falls within the fishing grounds for small pelagic purse seinenetting (sardines) demersal trawl grounds – but areas of low effort as shownin Figure 3.22. Although demersal longlining occurs only to the south west ofthe survey area and these fishing grounds do not overlap with the surveyarea, except for some low hake longline effort in the southern portion of thesurvey block (Figure 3.26). Some pelagic longlining occurs in the centralportions of the survey block. The sardine run usually passes through thesurvey block during the winter months (generally May – July), which will notbe impacted by the seismic surveys (November – April).The displacement of fishing effort or activities will be limited to within thenear vicinity of the seismic vessel and is likely to affect the different sectors indifferent way. Longlines because of their length and potential drift patterns,are likely to be the most affected as the gear would have to be removed for aperiod of several days until such time as the survey gear is well clear of thelongline grounds.Trawlers on the other hand may only be affected over a period of hours asthey have greater control of their gear, can manoeuvre more easily and canshift to adjacent grounds. It should be kept in mind however that trawlgrounds on the Agulhas Bank and surroundings are limited and any activitythat reduces operational trawling time, especially when weather conditionsand fish availability are favoured, will impact negatively on trawl operations.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-159

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKThe displacement of these fishing activities is considered to be of mediumsignificance, prior to, and of low significance after mitigation.South Cape Rock LobsterSouth Cape rock lobster fishing grounds are located within the survey area inAlgoa Bay. More intensive fishing grounds are found to the east of the surveyarea, but there are reportedly company-specific areas with effort quotas(number of sea days, taking into account the vessel’s fishing capacity) (Feike,2008) within the survey block. Once lines and traps are set, they are often leftunattended for a few days, and can therefore easily be disturbed anddamaged by towed equipment or surface navigation associated with seismicsurveys. The setting and hauling of the fishing gear is a slow, which limits themanoeuvrability of lobster vessels and restricts passage of other vessels.These lobster vessels will need to adhere to the exclusion zone enforcedaround the seismic vessel and will therefore be restricted in placing gearwithin the survey block during the survey, resulting in a potential fordecreased catch if they are unable to fish elsewhere.The impacts of the survey on the South Cape rock lobster fishing activities isconsidered to be medium as the survey block falls within current fishinggrounds and assuming limited mobility to place fishing gear outside of thecompany-specific area. The impact is judged to be of low significance aftermitigation of ensuring early warnings such that traps are placed in alternativelocations if possible and to be able to schedule the total allowed sea daysaround the seismic survey.Squid JiggerySquid jiggery occurs within Algoa Bay and in the peripheral portions of thesurvey block (Figure 3.18). Although the South Coast is generally animportant area for squid jigging, fishing is seasonal (October – March, with aseasonal closure of November) and the areas of higher fishing effort to thewest close to the coast at Jeffery’s Bay, Cape St Francis as well as a small areavery close to Port Elizabeth harbour, outside of the survey block (but withinthe Algoa/ Gamtoos Block). A small drift fishery for squid is located offshoreand are not expected to interact with the seismic surveys. These fishingactivities are not restricted to the survey block and can move to other areas toavoid the seismic activities. The impact on squid jigging is deemed to be ofnegligible significance.Recreational FishingCoastal recreation along the South Coast may involve either consumptive ornonconsumptive use of the marine environment. Consumptive use involvesrecreational shore and boat-based anglers (Brouwer et al, 1997) andspearfishers (Mann et al, 1997), skin divers collecting subtidal invertebrates,and exploiters of intertidal organisms. Along the South Coast, most of therecreational exploitation of marine resources occurs within inshore waters inENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-160

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKthe vicinity of coastal towns, and is likely to occur along the shores closest tothe survey block. Given the mobility of the recreational fishers and the shortduration of the seismic surveys, the impacts on cessation or displacement islikely to be low.Alteration of Fishing Catch Rates and Catch DistributionA further effect of seismic surveys on the fishing industry would betemporary avoidance of seismic survey areas by some fish species (See Section6.2.6). Such avoidance may lead to reduced catches over the extreme shortterm in some pelagic, midwater or line fisheries in the seismic survey area,although increased catches could theoretically be experienced outside of thesurvey area. Both increased and decreased demersal catches have beenassociated with seismic surveys.The significance of the impact is expected to be negligible.Interaction with Fishing GearIn the event that longlines (including lobster) are found in the path of a towedseismic array it is highly likely that steps would have to be taken to avoid thefishing gear and seismic equipment becoming entangled with associated costimplications of damage to both the fishing and the oil and gas industries. Lossof gear and reduced catches are both costly to the fishing industry. In thesame way, entanglement of seismic gear with a longline, or by fishing vesselsor trawlers passing through the gear, would have significant financialimplications for the seismic survey operator.The impact of seismic surveys on fishing gear could be of medium significanceand of low significance after mitigation.Mitigation of Impacts on Fishing• Appointment of a fisheries liaison officer (FLO) to communicate with thevarious fisheries stakeholders and to inform all fishery stakeholders of theseismic plan and associated timeframes. The FLO should liaise with thesix lobster fishing vessels to plan the placing of fishing gear, if possible, orprovide additional notice of the areas of exclusion.• Avoidance of any conflict between the fishing and the oil and gasindustries can only be achieved through effective communication andensuring that the survey area is free of fishing gear prior to the seismicvessel undertaking its operation in that area. This should be done throughan FLO and his land-based communication network.• NewAGE must provide timeous information on the proposed seismic planto the public to reduce impacts on recreational fishers, spearfishers.• A ‘sweeper vessel’ will be used at the beginning of the survey to help setup the communications with the fishers in the area and to clear the area ofENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-161

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKpotentially problematic fishing gear (eg rock lobster traps) prior to theseismic vessel entering the specific survey location.• A chase boat will be used to maintain the exclusion zone and ensure thatno vessels or fishing gear remain in the path of the seismic vessel.• A notice of the seismic operations will be provided to mariners of throughthe SA Navy Hydrographic Office and port captains at the Ports of PortElizabeth and Ngqura.Residual Impacts on FishingThe overall impacts on fishing activities are low significance after mitigationdue to the mobility of the fishing vessels, the short duration of the seismicsurvey, providing timeous information on the survey plan and schedule andthe use of a ‘sweeper vessel’ to minimise the loss of gear.6.2.18 Impacts on Marine Mining IndustriesAs seismic operations require that the tow-vessel holds a fixed course onpredetermined transects, other vessels may be required to alter course toavoid the operation and the towed array and hydrophone streamers.Although possible conflicts of interests exist where mining and seismicsurveys are planned in co-incident areas, there are no mining activities withinthe survey block and therefore no impacts on marine mining activities.Other MineralsConcentrations of glauconite and phosphorite have been identified withinAlgoa Bay (Figure 3.32) and prospecting permits have been issued to twocompanies to prospect for glauconite and phosphorite on the South Coast, butto the west of the survey block. The Algoa/ Gamtoos Block is located in areaswhere the phosphorite and glaucomite in unconsolidated sediments are low(

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK6.2.19 Communication InfrastructureNo effects of seismic sounds on submarine fibre optic cables, linkage boxes orrepeaters are expected, as the SAT3 cable (the only undersea cable which runsalong the South Coast) is located far offshore and from the survey block.6.3 DECOMMISSIONING AND POST-CLOSURE PHASESThis phase includes the gathering, dismantling and loading of the seismiclines and geophones, demoblisation of the seismic vessel and any chasevessels, travel from the seismic acquisition area back to the port and disposalof any generated waste during the seismic activities.6.3.1 Geology and SedimentNo impact will occur as staff and vessel mobilisation do not have physicalimpacts on the geology and sediments of the seabed or coastline. The seismicactivities, including the deployment of the geophone streamers occur nodeeper than 20 m from the surface of the sea.6.3.2 Physical OceanographyStaff and vessel demobilisation do not impact the physical oceanography. Theseismic activities, including the dismantling of the geophone streamers occurno deeper than 20 m from the surface and has no impact on physicaloceanography processes in the survey block.6.3.3 Physical Nature of Surrounding Areas6.3.4 Air QualityNo impact is envisaged, as the staff, vessel and streamer demobilisation donot have any effect on the physical nature of the receiving environment.Emissions to the atmosphere during the establishment phase will resultmainly from movement of the seismic vessel onto site. This negligible impacton air quality would be minimal and no greater than that from another vesselof similar size.6.3.5 Water QualityAll survey vessels will comply fully with international agreed standardsregulated under MARPOL 73/78 and relevant South African legislation forthe disposal of waste, specifically:• Drainage from machinery spaces will be treated to ensure that it does notcontain more than 15 mg.l -1 of oil.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-163

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK• All other discharges will be treated such that their average monthly oilcontent is no greater than 40 mg.l -1 . The instantaneous oil content of alldischarges will not exceed 100 mg.l -1 .• No plastics or garbage will be discharged to sea. These will either beburnt in trash baskets onboard the vessel or be segregated, quantified andaccounted for prior to disposal at dedicated facilities.• Food wastes will be macerated and discharged offshore, more than 12nautical miles (21.6 km) from the nearest land or island, or brought toshore for disposal.• Sewage discharges will either be treated and disinfected in an approvedtreatment plant and discharged more than 12 nautical miles from shore(mainland and islands), or contained and discharged at dedicatedfacilities.• Hazardous waste (used lubricating oil, filters, batteries etc) will bedisposed at dedicated onshore hazardous waste disposal facilities.6.3.6 Fauna and FloraNo impact on flora or fauna is envisaged as the vessel would be steered as anordinary vessel to the survey block area.6.3.7 Marine Transport RouteMovement of the seismic vessel onto site is expected to have a negligibleimpact on transport routes after mitigation. The seismic equipment andgeophone array will be dismantled at the survey block before returning toport. NewAGE will provide details of the seismic survey plan to marinersand fishing operators in advance of the initiation of seismic activities.6.3.8 Mariculture ActivitiesThere will be no impact on mariculture activities. The demobilisation of thevessel would result in no particular increase in marine traffic levels in thearea, no significant changes to the physical nature of the area which mayimpact mariculture activities.6.3.9 Commercial and Recreational FishingMovement of the seismic vessel onto site is expected to only have a negligibleimpact on fishing activities after mitigation. The seismic equipment andgeophone array will be dismantled at the survey block before returning toport and immediately after the seismic surveys. NewAGE will provide detailsof the seismic survey plan to fishing operators in Algoa Bay and to othermariners by notice through the SAN Hydrographic office and to the public viaadvertisement in advance to allow commercial and recreational fishers to plantheir fishing activities in the area.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-164

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK6.3.10 Impacts on Marine Mining IndustriesThere will be no impact on mining activities as no mining activities are beingundertaken within the survey block.6.3.11 Communication InfrastructureNo effects of seismic sounds on submarine fibre optic cables, linkage boxes orrepeaters are expected, as the SAT3 cable (the only undersea cable which runsalong the South Coast) is located far offshore and from the survey block.6.4 SUMMARYA summary of the environmental impacts discussed within this chapter areincluded in Table 6.2 below. As is evident from the table, there are six impactswhere the residual (post mitigation) impact is deemed to be low significance.The potential impacts on cetaceans and turtles are deemed to be of mediumsignificance (prior to mitigation) and of low significance after theimplementation of mitigation measures such as soft-starts and not initiatingshooting until confirmation that there are no cetaceans or turtles (as far aspossible) within 500 m of the seismic vessel. The impacts on cephalopods, fishand seabirds are deemed to be of low-medim significance (prior tomitigation). The impacts on seals is judged to be of negligible significanceafter mitigation (and low significance prior to mitigation). The remainder ofthe impacts assessed are deemed negligible significance (post mitigation).These impacts reflect a composite assessment of the impacts on the variousspecies affected.The impacts on commercial and recreational fishing is regarded deemed to beof medium significance (prior to mitigation) due to the potential reduction incatch as a result of disturbance of fishing gear, the implementation of theexclusion zone and potential movement of fish from the usual fishing habitatand grounds. After the implementation of mitigation measures such as liaisonand notification of fishing operators, this impact should be reduced to being oflow significance.Table 6.2Summary of the significance of identified impacts of the proposed 3D seismicsurvey within the Algo/ Gamtoos BlockPHASE Establishment Phase Operational Phase Decommissioning PhaseSIGNIFICANCE WithoutmitigationWithmitigationWithoutmitigationWithmitigationWithoutmitigationWithmitigationGeology and N N N N N NSedimentOceanography N N N N N NENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-165

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKPHASE Establishment Phase Operational Phase Decommissioning PhasePhysicalN N N N N NSurroundingsAir Quality N N N N N NWater Quality N N N N N NPhytoplankton and N N N N N NZooplanktonInvertebrates N N N N N NCephalopods N N L-M L N N(including Squid)Fish N N L-M L N NTurtles N N M L N NSeabirds L-M LSeals N N L N N NCetaceans N N M L NCultural/ N N N N N NHistorical SitesTransport Routes N N N N N NMariculture N N N N N NActivitiesCommercial and N N M L N NRecreationalFishingMarine Mining - - - - - -CommunicationInfrastructure- - - - - -- = No Impact N=Negligible, L=Low Impact, M=Medium Impact, H=High Impact, Those receptors whereNormal font text = without mitigationDefinition of impact significance:Low: The impact will not have an influence on a decision regarding whether or not the activity should goaheadMedium: The impact should have an influence on the decision unless it is mitigatedHigh: The impact would influence the decision regardless of any possible mitigationIn addition, the assessment of the potential impacts of the seismic survey hasprovided an indication of the interactions of certain species and activities atdifferent times of the year. The potential impacts of the seismic survey forthese species vary throughout the year, as a result of breeding times andmigration patterns. The sensitive time periods for the various faunal speciesand other factors are represented in Table 6.3 below and these interactions arediscussed.Table 6.3Summary of scheduling interactions based on breeding, migration and fishingseasons and weather conditionsSpecies/ Activity J F M A M J J A S O N DENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-166

NEWAGE PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKSpecies/ Activity J F M A M J J A S O N DJuvenile turtle inAgulhas currentSouthern rightwhaleKiller whaleArnoux’s beakedwhaleLayard’s beakedwhaleVarious whalespecies*Various residentcetaceans**Squid spawningSardine runSquid jiggingseasonProposed seismicsurveyUnconduciveweather conditions* winter migration of various species including the blue whale, fin whale and sei whale(offshore) and humpback whale (inshore)** These include Cuvier’s beaked whale, pygmy sperm whales, killer whale, false killer whales,pygmy killer whales, Risso’s dolphins, sperm whales and shortbeaked common dolphin whichare are found throughout the offshore waters of the South Coast.The survey is scheduled to begin in November 2011 and be completed byApril 2012. As such the seismic survey is likely to interact with variouscetacean species (including the southern right whale during November),turtles, squid spawning (November and December) and squid jigging. Themitigation measures to minimse these impacts include “soft starts”,confirmation of no cetacenas (and turtles, as far as possible) before initiation ofthe soft-starts and good communication with fishing operators (includingsquid jiggers) to enable early planning around the seismic activitiesENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20106-167

NEWAGE PART A: CONCLUSION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK7 CONCLUSIONNew African Global Energy’s (NewAGE) intends to undertake 3D seismicsurveys along seismic lines in a 500 m 2 area within the 1277.25 m 2 survey area,in the Algoa/ Gamtoos Block offshore of the South Coast of South Africa.This requires the submission of this EMPR to supporting this application. Thesurvey block is located within Algoa Bay and stretches from approximately 25km offshore (near Bird Island) to approximately 80 km offshore.ERM used the PASA-approved generic EMPR as a basis for the compilation ofthe EMPR and in addition, a fisheries specialist was appointed to undertake adesktop baseline fisheries study to provide additional information. ThisChapter summarises the key findings of the study.A consultation process was undertaken and issues raised were related impactson sensitive marine species, fishing activities and the proximity to the MPA.A 10 km buffer from Bird Island MPA and a 5 km buffer from the proposedAddo MPA have been removed from the original survey block and a numberof mitigation measures are recommended within the impact assessment andare summarised in the EMP contained in Part B of the EMPR.The impact assessment identified six impacts where the residual (postmitigation) impact is deemed to be low significance, namely impacts oncephalopods, turtles, seabirds, cetacenas and commercial and recreationalfishing activities. The potential impacts on cetaceans and turtles are deemedto be of medium significance (prior to mitigation) but are reduced to lowsignificance after the implementation of mitigation measures such as softstartsand not initiating shooting and pre-shooting monitoring. The impactson commercial and recreational fishing is regarded deemed to be of mediumsignificance (prior to mitigation) and of low significance after theimplementation of mitigation measures such as liaison and notification offishing operators. The impacts on cephalopods, fish and seabirds are deemedto be of low-medim significance (prior to mitigation). Impacts on seals arejudged to be of negligible significance after mitigation (and low significanceprior to mitigation). The remainder of the impacts assessed are deemednegligible significance (post mitigation). Mitigation measures identifiedwithin the impact assessment are summarised into an EMP, which presentstool for implementation during all phases of the seimic survey.The key recommendation for the EMPR and the granting of the explorationrights to NewAGE is the full compliance with the EMP contained in Part B ofthe EMPR. In order to facilitate the implementation of these measures, theEMP requires the appointment of an FLO and MMO. Key mitigationmeasures also imclude the use of “soft start” procedures, (only initiated oncekey marine fauna species are confirmed – as far as possible - to be within 500ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20107-168

NEWAGE PART A: CONCLUSION ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKm of the seismic vessel), MMOs to perform visual observations to monitorimpacts on cetaceans, diving birds and turtles (where possible) and ensurethat the seismic vessel does not fire within 500 m of these species. NewAGE isrequired to investigate the use of Passive Accoustic Monitoring (PAM) outsideof daylight hours. Monitoring, auditing and reporting requirements aredefined within the EMP to monitor NewAGE’s compliance with the EMP.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20107-169

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCK8 REFERENCESAnders AS (1975) Pilchard and anchovy spawning along the Cape east coastS Afr ship news fish ind rev 30 (9): 53-57.Andrews WRH and Hutchings L (1980) Upwelling in the Southern BenguelaCurrent Prog Oceanog 9: 1-81.Augustyn CJ (1990) Biological studies on the chokker squid Loligo vulgarisreynaudii (Caphalopoda: Myopsida) on spawning grounds off the southeastcoast of South Africa S Afr J mar Sci 9: 11-26.Augustyn CJ, Lipinski MR, Sauer WHH, Roberts MJ and Mitchell-Innes BA(1994) Chokka squid on the Agulhas Bank: life history and ecology S Afr JSci 90: 143-153.Avraham B Hartnady Z and Reshef C (in press) Occurrence andinterpretation of bottom simulating reflectors in the Natal Valley (offshoresoutheastern Africa) J. Geophys Res.Baily G (1979) Physical and chemical aspects of the Benguela current in theLüderitz region Unpublished M.Sc Thesis, University of Cape Town, CapeTown 225 pp.Bailey J (1996) Monitoring marine water quality in South Africa.Proceedings of a workshop co-ordinated by the Pollution Division of theSea Fisheries Research Institute Department of Environmental Affairs andTourism 85 pp.Bailey GW and Rogers J (1997) Chemical oceanography and marinegeoscience of South Africa: past discoveries in the post-Gilchrist Era, andfuture prospects Trans roy Soc S Afr 52: 51-79.Bang ND (1970) Dynamic interpretations of a detailed surface temperaturechart of the Agulhas current retroflexion and fragmentation area S AfrGeogr J 52: 67-76.Bannister JL and Cambell R (1965) The succession and abundance of Fin, Seiand other whales off Durban Norsk Hvalvangsttid 3: 45-60.Barlow RG (1982) Phytoplankton ecology in the Southern Benguela Current.III Dynamics of a bloom J Exp Mar Bio and Ecology 63: 239-248.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-171

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKBeckley LE and Van Ballegooyen RC (1992) Oceanographic conditions duringthree ichthyoplanktonsurveys of the Agulhas Current in 1990/91 S Afr J marSci 12: 83-93.Beckley LE and Connell (1996) Early life history of Pomatomus saltatrix offthe East Coast of South Africa Mar Freshwat Res 47: 319-322.Berruti A (1989) Resident Seabirds. In: Oceans of life off Southern AfricaPayne, A.I.L. and Crawford, R.J.M. (Eds.). Cape Town Vlaeberg Publishers pp.257-274.Best PB (1967) Distribution and feeding habits of baleen whales off theCape Province Investl Rep Div Sea Fish S Afr 57: 1-44. 5-2Best, PB (1977) Two allopatric forms of Bryde's whale off South Africa.Reports of the International Whaling Commission Special Issue 1: 10-38.Best PB (1982) Seasonal abundance, feeding, reproduction, age and growthin Minke whales off Durban (with incidental observations from theAntarctic) Rep IntWhal Commn 32: 759-786.Best PB (2000) Coastal distribution, movements and site fidelity of rightwhales (Eubalaena australis) off South Africa 1969-1998 S Afr J mar Sci 22: 43– 56.Bickerton IB (1981a) Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of availableinformation on individual systems Report No. 5: Holgat (CW 2) HeydornAEF and Grindley JR (eds) Stellenbosch CSIR Research Report 404, 27 pp.Bickerton IB (1981b) Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of availableinformation on individual systems Report No. 6: Bitter (CW 6) Heydorn AEFand Grindley JR (eds) Stellenbosch CSIR Research Report 405, 28 pp.Bickerton IB (1982) Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of availableinformation on individual systems Report No. 11: Hartenbos (CMS 1)Heydorn AEF and Grindley JR (eds) Stellenbosch CSIR Research Report 410,54pp.Birch GF (1979a) The nature and origin of mixed apatite/glauconite pelletsfrom the continental shelf off South Africa Mar Geol 29: 313-334.Birch GF (1979b) Phosphorite pellets and rock from the western continentalmargin and adjacent coastal terrace of South Africa Mar Geol 33: 91-116.Birch GF and Rogers J (1973) Nature of the seafloor between Lüderitz andPort Elizabeth S Afr ship news fish ind (rev. 39) 7: 56-65.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-172

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKBirch GF, Rogers J, Bremner, JM and Moir GJ (1976) Sedimentation controlson the continental margin of Southern Africa First interdisciplinary Confmar freshwater Res S Afr Fiche 20A: C1-D12.Birdlife (2010) Birdlife IBA Factsheet accessed September 2010 athttp://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=7149&m=0Bolton JJ (1986) Seaweed biogeography of the South African west coast – atemperature dependent perspective Bot Mar 29: 251-256.Boonstra HG (ed) (1993) South African Commercial Fisheries Review no 3Marine and Coastal Management Cape Town 53pp.Boyd AJ and Shillington FA (1994) Physical forcing and circulation patternson the Agulhas Bank S Afr J Sci 90: 114-120.Boyd AJ, Tromp BBS and Horstman DA (1985) The hydrology off the SouthAfrican South-Western coast between Cape Point and Danger Point in 1975S Afr J mar Sci 3:145-168.Boyd AJ, Taunton-Clark J and Oberholster GPJ (1992) Spatial freatures of thenearsurface and midwater circulation patterns off western and southernSouth Africa and their role in the life histories of various commerciallyfished species S Afr J mar Sci 12: 189-206.Branch GM and Branch M (1981) The Living Shores of Southern Africa CapeTown Struik 272 pp.Branch GM and Griffiths CL (1988) The Benguela Ecosystem, Part V. Thecoastal zone Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 26: 395-486.Branch GM, Griffiths CL, Branch ML and Beckley LE (1994) Two Oceans. Aguide to the marine life of Southern Africa David Philip, Cape Town &Johannesburg. 360 pp.Bremner JM, Rogers J and Willis JP (1990) Sedimentological aspects of the1988 Orange River floods Trans roy Soc S Afr 47: 247-294.Brown PC (1992) Spatial and seasonal variation in chlorophyll distributionin the upper 30m of the photic zone in the southern Benguela/Agulhasregion S Afr J mar Sci 12:515-525.Brown PC, Painting SJ and Cochrane KL (1991) Estimates of phytoplanktonand bacterial biomass and production in the northern and southernBenguela ecosystems S Afr J mar Sci 11: 537-564.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-173

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKBrouwer SL, Mann BQ, Lamberth SJ, Sauer WHH and Erasmus C (1997) Asurvey of the South African shore-angling fishery S Afr J mar Sci 18: 165-177.Burns MER, Du Plessis MA and Verwoerd DJ (1988) Estuaries of the Cape,Part II: Synopses of available information on individual systems Report No39: Quko (CSE 56) Heydorn AEF and Morant PD (eds) Stellenbosch, CSIRResearch Report 438, 62pp.Butterworth DS and Wickens PA (1990) Modelling the dynamics of the SouthAfrican fur seal population In Report of the Subcommittee of the SeaFisheries Advisory Committee Appointed at the Request of the Minister ofEnvironmental Affairs and of water Affairs, to Advise the Minister on theScientific Aspects of Sealing (South African Nature FoundationStellenbosch): 33-57 (mimeo).Burmeister L M (2005) Is there a single stock of Merluccius paradoxus in theBenguela ecosystem? Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 27(1): 23 – 32Buxton CD (1990) The reproductive biology of Chrysoblephus laticeps andC. cristiceps (Teleostei: Sparidae) J Zool Lond 220: 497-511.Carter RA and Brownlie S (1990) Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses ofavailable information on individual systems Report No 34: Kafferkuils (CSW24) and Duiwenshok (CSW 23) Heydorn AEF and Morant PD (eds)Stellenbosch CSIR Research Report 43, 86pp.Carter RA and d’Aubrey J (1988) Inorganic nutrients in Natal continentalshelf waters. In: Coastal ocean sciences of Natal, South Africa (Ed. EHSchumann) Springer-Verlag Berlin 131-151.Carter RA and Schleyer MH (1988) Plankton distributions in Natal coastalwaters In: Coastal ocean sciences of Natal, South Africa (Ed. EH Schumann)Springer-Verlag Berlin 152-177.Carter RA, McMurray HF and Largier JL (1987) Thermocline characteristicsand phytoplankton dynamics in Agulhas Bank waters S Afr J mar Sci 5: 327-336.Centre for Marine Studies (1994) Desk top study considering some potentialimpacts of diamond mining by De Beers Marine (PTY) LTD Unpublishedreport Centre for Marine Studies University of Cape Town South Africa.Chapman P and Shannon LV (1985) The Benguela ecosystem. Part II.Chemistry and related processes Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 23: 183-251.Christensen MS (1980) Sea-surface temperature charts for southern Africa,south of 26°S S Afr J Sci 76 (12): 541-546.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-174

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKChristie ND (1974) Distribution patterns of the benthic fauna along atransect across the continental shelf off Lamberts Bay, South Africa. Ph.D.Thesis University of Cape Town Cape Town 110 pp and Appendices.Collett TS and Kuuskra VA (1998) Hydrates contain vast store of world gasresources Oil & Gas Journal May 90-95.Connell AD (1988) Pollution and effluent disposal off Natal. In: Coastalocean sciences of Natal, South Africa (Ed. EH Schumann) Springer-VerlagBerlin 226-251.Connell AD (1996) Seasonal trends in sardine spawning at Park Rynie,KwaZulu-Natal south coast. Workshop on South African sardine:Proceedings and recommendations Barange M and van der Lingen (ed.) BEPRep. 29, 29-33.Cornew S, Stuart V and Beckley LE (1992) Population structure, biomass anddistribution of Nyctiphanes capensis (Euphausiacea) in the vacinity ofAlgoa Bay, South Africa S Afr J Zoo 27 (1): 14-20.Cowan GI (ed) (1995) Wetlands of Southern Africa Department ofEnvironmental Affairs and Tourism Pretoria.Cram DL (1970) A suggested origin for the cold surface water in centralFalse Bay Trans roy soc S Afr 39 (2): 129-137.Crawford RJM (1980) Seasonal patterns in South Africa’s western Capepurse-seine fishery J Fish Biol 16 (6): 649-664.Crawford RJM (1981) Distribution, availability and movements of pilchardSardinops ocellata off South Africa, 1964-1976 Fish Bull S Afr 14: 1-46.Crawford RJM, Shannon LV and Pollock DE (1987) The Benguela Ecosystem.Part IV. The major fish and invertebrate resources Oceanogr Mar Biol AnnRev. 25: 353-505.Crawford RJM, Ryan PG and Williams AJ (1991) Seabird consumption andproduction in the Benguela and western Agulhas ecosystems S Afr J mar Sci11: 357-375.Crowther Campbell & Associates and CSIR (1997) EnvironmentalManagement programme Report for Seismic Exploration Surveys in Block 9situated off the Southern Cape Coast. Addendum to EMPR for ProspectWell Drilling dated October 1997 (Report No SOE01OE/SIE/1).Crowther Campbell & Associates and CSIR (1997) EnvironmentalManagement programme Report for Prosepect Well Drilling in Block 9situated off the Southern Cape Coast (Report No SOE01OE/EMPR/2).ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-175

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKCrowther Campbell & Associates and CSIR (1998) Environmental ImpactAssessment for the proposed extension of the ORIBI oil production facilityand hydrocarbon exploration off the Southern Cape Coast (Report NoSOE01OE/2).Crowther Campbell & Associates (1998) Development of the EM-GasfieldSouth of Stilbaai – Environmental Impact Report.Crowther Campbell & Associates (1998) Development of the EM-GasfieldSouth of Stilbaai – Addendum to the EMPR for the FA SatelliteDevelopment Project.CSIR (1995) Environmental Impact Assessment for Gas Exploration Drillingin Licence Area 2814A on the Continental Shelf of Namibia.CSIR (1997) Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed SeismicSurvey in Petroleum Exploration Lease Block 17/18 on the Continental Shelfof KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa CSIR Report (ENV/S-C 97112).CSIR (1998a) Environmental Impact Assessment for the ProposedExploration Drilling in Petroleum Exploration Lease 17/18 on theContinental Shelf of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa CSIR Report (ENV/S-C98045).CSIR (1998b) Environmental Management Programme Report for theProposed Exploration Drilling in Block 17/18 off the Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa CSIR Report (ENV/S-C 98070).CSIR (1998c) Environmental Impact Assessment for the ProposedExploration Drilling in Block 17/18 off the Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, SouthAfrica CSIR Report No (ENV/S-C 98073).CSIR and Sue Lane & Associates (1999) Consolidated EnvironmentalBaseline Report: South Africa West Coast Marine Diamond B-D concessionareas.De Decker AHB (1984) Near-surface copepod distribution in the South-Western Indian and South-Eastern Atlantic Ocean Ann S Afr Mus 93 (5): 303-370.Demetriades NT and Forbes AT (1993) Seasonal changes in the speciescomposition of penaeid prawns on the Tugela Bank, Natal, South Africa SAfr J mar Sci 13: 317-322.De Villiers G (1977) A preliminary review of trends in South African catchesand abundance of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus capensis) Collnscient Pap Int Commn SE Atl Fish 4: 99-104.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-176

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKDingle RV and Nelson G (1993) Sea-bottom temperature, salinity anddissolved oxygen on the continental margin off South-western Africa S Afr Jmar Sci 13: 33-49.Dingle RV, Birch GF, Bremner JM, De Decker RH, du Plessis A, EngelbrechtJC, Fincham MJ, Fitton T, Flemming BW, Gentle RI, Goodlad SH, Martin AK,Mills EG, Moir GJ, Parker RJ, Robson SH, Rogers J, Salmon DA, Siesser WG,Simpson ESW, Summerhaye CP, Westall F, Winter A and Woodborne MW(1987) Deep sea sedimentary environments around southern Africa (South-East Atlantic and South- West Indian Oceans) Ann S Afr Mus 98 (1): 1-27.Draganik B (1977) Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) fished in theSoutheast Atlantic Colln scient Pap Int Commn SE Atl Fish 4: 25-65.Duncombe Rae, CM, Boyd AJ, Crawford, RJM (1992) "Predation" of anchovyby an Agulhas ring: a possible contributory cause of the very poor year-classof 1989 South African Journal of Marine Science, Volume 12, Issue 1 June 1992,pages 167 – 173Duffy DC, Siegfried WR and Jackson S (1987) Seabirds as consumers in thesouthern Benguela region S Afr J mar Sci 5: 771-790.Dye A.D, McLachlan A and Wooldridge T (1981) The ecology of sandybeaches in Natal S Afr J Zool 16: 200-209.Encarta (2009) pulse definition accessed September 2010 at Enclopaedia Britannica (2010) euphotic zone definition accessed September2010 at http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/195432/euphotic-zoneERM (2006) Vol. 1Environmental Impact Assessment for Sasol’s offshoreexploration project in Blocks 16 & 19 Inhambane and Sofala Provinces,MozambiqueFeike (2008) south coast rock lobster accessed September 2010 athttp://www.feike.co.za/southCoastRockLobster.htmlFindlay KP (1989) The distribution of cetaceans off the coast of South Africaand South West Africa/Namibia Unpublished MSc Thesis University ofPretoria Town 110pp.Findlay KP (1994) The migration of east coast Humpback whales Megapteranovaeangliae PhD Thesis University of Pretoria Pretoria 128 pp.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-177

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKFindlay KP, Best PB, Ross GJB and Cockcroft VG (1992) The distribution ofsmall odontocete cetaceans off the coasts of South Africa and Namibia S AfrJ mar Sci 12:237-270.Flemming B and Hay R (1988) Sediment distribution and dynamics on theNatal continental shelf. In: Coastal ocean sciences of Natal, South Africa(Ed. EH Schumann) Springer-Verlag, Berlin., 47-80.Freeman D (1997) Use of “Gasbergs’ being studied AAPG Explorer June 199728-31.Gill AE and Schumann EH (1979) Topographically induced changes in thestructure of an inertial jet: Application to the Agulhas Current Journal ofPhysical Oceanography 9, 975-991.Gray JS (1981) The ecology of marine sediments Cambridge University PressCambridge.Gribble J (1997) Draft shipwreck management and conservation guidelinesfor offshore diamond mining National Monument Council.Groeneveld JC and Mellville-Smith R (1995) Spatial and temporal availabilityin the multispecies crustacean trawl fishery along the east coast of SouthAfrica and southern Mozambique 1988-1993 S Afr J mar Sci 15: 123-136.Gründlingh ML (1974) A description of inshore current reversals offRichards Bay based on airborne radiation thermometry Deep-Sea Res 21: 47-55.Gründlingh ML (1980) On the volume transport of the Aguhas Current Deep-Sea Res. 27: 557-563.Gründlingh ML (1983) On the course of the Agulhas Current S Afr Geogr J 65(1): 49-58.Gründlingh ML (1987) On the seasonal temperature variation in thesouthwestern Indian Ocean S Afr Geogr J 69 (2): 129-139.Gründlingh ML (1992) Agulhas Current meanders: review and case study SAfr Geogr J 74 (1): 19-29.Gründlingh ML and Pearce AF (1990) Frontal features of the AgulhasCurrent in the Natal Bight S Afr Geogr J 72 (1): 11-15.Guastella L (1996/97) Commercial fishing in Natal SA Comm Marine 5 (4):10-11.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-178

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKHampton I (1992) The role of acoustic surveys in the assessment of pelagicfish resources on the South African continental shelf. In: Benguela TrophicFunctioning Payne AIL, Brink KH, Mann KH and Hilborn R (Eds.) S Afr J marSci 12: 1031-1050.Harmer SF (1931) Southern Whaling Proc Linn Soc Lond Session 142, 129-30.Pres Add : 85-163.Harris TFW (1978) Review of coastal currents in southern African watersRep S Afr Natn Scient Progms 30: 130 pp.Harrison P (1978) Cory’s Shearwater in the Indian Ocean Cormorant 5: 19-20.Henriet JP and Mienert J (eds.) (1998) Gas hydrates, relevance to worldmargin stability and climate change Geol Soc Spec Publ No 137, 338pp.Published by Geol Soc Lond.Hassan, R (2009) Africa Connects, Plethora of Subsea Cables! accessedSeptember 2010 at http://raqueeb.wordpress.com/2009/12/16/africaconnects-plethora-of-subsea-cables/Heydorn HJ (1989) Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of availableinformation on individual systems Report No 39: Quko (CSE 56) HeydornAEF and Morant PD (eds) Stellenbosch CSIR Research Report 437, 66pp.Heydorn AEF and Tinley KL (1980) Estuaries of the Cape, Part I. Synopsis ofthe Cape coast. Natural features, dynamics and utilization Stellenbosch CSIRResearch Report 380, 97 pp.Heydorn AEF, Bang ND, Pearce AF, Flemming BW, Carter RA, Schleyer MH,Berry PF, Hughes GR, Bass AJ, Wallace JH, van der Elst RP, Crawford RJMand Shelton PA (1978) Ecology of the Agulhas Current region: an assessmnetof biologicalresponses to environmental parameters in the south- westIndian ocean Trans roy Soc S Afr 43(2) : 151-190.Hovland, M., Gallagher, J.W., Clennell, M.B., and Lekvam, K, 1997. Gashydrate and free gas in marine sediments: examples from the Niger Deltafront. Marine & Petroleum Geol. 14: 245-255.Hughes, G.R. 1974. The Sea Turtles of South East Africa I. Status,morphology and distributions. Investl. Rep. Oceanogr. Res. Inst. 35.Hughes, G.R., 1989. Sea Turtles. In:Oceans of Life off Southern Africa.Payne, A.I.L.and Crawford, R.J.M. (Eds.). Cape Town. Vlaeberg Publishers,pp. 230-243.Hunter, I.T., 1981. On the land breeze circulation of the Natal coast. S. Afr. J.Sci.. 77: 376-378.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-179

NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKHunter, I.T., 1988. Climate and weather off Natal. In: Coastal ocean sciencesof Natal, South Africa (Ed. E.H. Schumann). Springer-Verlag, Berlin., 81-100.Hutchings, L., 1994. The Agulhas Bank: a synthesis of available informationand a brief comparison with other east-coast shelf regions. S. Afr. J. Sci.. 90:179-185.Hutchings, L., Pillar, S.C. and Verheye, H.M.S., 1991. Estimates of standingstock, production and consumption of meso- and macro-zooplankton in theBenguela ecosystem. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci.. 11: 499-512.Hutching L, Beckley LE, Griffiths MH, Roberts MJ, Sundby S and Van derLingen C (2002) Spawning on the edge: spawning grounds and nursery areaaround the southern African coastline. Mar. Freshwater Res 53: 307-318IWC, 2000. Report of the workshop on the Comprehensive Assessment ofRight Whales: A Worldwide Comparison. Document SC/50/REP 4submitted to the Scientific Committee of the International WhalingCommission.Jackson, L.F. and Lipschitz, S, 1984. Coastal sensitivity atlas of SouthernAfrica. Pretoria, Department of Transport: 34 pp.Japp (2010) Specialist Fisheries reportJapp, D.W., Sims, P. and Smale, M.J., 1994. A review of the fish resources ofthe Agulhas Bank. S. Afr. J. Sci.. 90: 123-134.Jury, M.R., 1994. Meteorology of eastern Agulhas Bank. S. Afr. J. Sci.. 90: 109-113.Jury, M.R. and Bain, C.A.R., 1989. Observations of the oceanic environmentand warmwater outfall near the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, SouthAfrica. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci.. 8:67-89.Jury, M.R. and Diab, R., 1989. Wind energy potential in the Cape coastal belt.S. Afr. Geogr. J.. 71: 3-11.Jury, M., Macarthur, C. and Reason, C., 1990. Observations of trapped wavesin the atmosphere and the ocean along the coast of Southern Africa. S. Afr.Geogr. J.. 72: 33-46.Koch M, Nehring S and Ruck W (2008) Chemical and conventionalammunition in the Baltic Sea accessed September 2010 athttp://www.coastalwiki.org/coastalwiki/Chemical_and_conventional_ammunition_in_the_Baltic_SeaENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-180

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NEWAGE PART A: REFERENCES ALGOA/GAMTOOS BLOCKMatthews, L.H., 1937. The Humpback whale, Megaptera nodosa. Disc. Rep.17: 7-92.Matthews, L.H., 1938. The Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis. Disc. Rep. 17:183-290.Mayfield, S., 1998. Assessment of predation by the West Coast Rock Lobster(Jasus lalandii): Relationships among growth rate, diet and benthiccommunity composition, with implications for the survival of juvenileabalone (Haliotis midae). Doctoral Thesis, Zoology Department, University ofCape Town, South Africa.McClurg, T.P., 1988. Benthos of the Natal continental shelf. In: Coastal oceansciences of Natal, South Africa (Ed. E.H. Schumann). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.,178-208.McLachlan, A., 1977. Composition, distribution, abundance and biomass ofthe macrofauna and meiofauna of four sandy beaches. Zool. Afr. 12: 279-306.McLachlan, A., 1980. Intertidal zonation of macrofauna and stratification ofmeiofauna on high energy sandy beaches in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 44: 213-223.McLachlan, G.R., 1978. South African Red Data Book – Reptiles andAmphibians. South African National Scientific Programme Report No.23,CSIR, Pretoria.Morant, P.D., 1984. Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of availableinformation on individual systems. Report No. 26: Olifants (CW 10).Heydorn, A.E.F. and Grindley, J.R. (eds). Stellenbosch, CSIR Research Report425, 54 pp.Nelson, G., 1985. Notes on the physical oceanography of the CapePeninsular upwelling system. In: South African Ocean Colour andUpwelling Experiment. Shannon, L.V. (Ed.). Cape Town; Sea FisheriesResearch Institute, 63-95.Nelson, G., 1989. Poleward motion in the Benguela area. In: Poleward FlowsAlong Eastern Ocean Boundaries. Neshyba, S.J., Mooers, C.N.K., Smith, R.L.and Barber, R.T. (Eds.). New York; Spriner, 110-130 (Coast. Estuar. Stud. 34).Nelson, G. and Hutchings, L., 1983. The Benguela upwelling area. Prog.Oceanog. 12: 333- 356.Nelson, G. and Polito, A., 1987. Information on currents in the CapePeninsular area, South Africa. In: The Benguela and comparableENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SEPTEMBER 20108-182

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