Pegawai Kewangan (W41) - KPSL - Jabatan Pendaftar - USM

Reprint from the journal Mikroproduktion 3/2005Berthold Michelt and Jochen SchulzeThe spectral colours of nanometersContactless metrology becomes increasingly important for in-line or postprocessproduction quality control. Automotive industry, semiconductorindustry, and manufacturers) of microsystems and sophisticated componentsbuilt from glass and plastics need fast and accurate measurements of smallstructures, surface topography, and layer thickness. Typically, a lateralresolution of a few microns is demanded. The accuracy of the distancemeasured between the target and a reference plane usually needs to be betterthan 0,1 µm. Obviously, only optical systems are capable to cope with suchdemands.Principle of CHRocodile ® optical sensorsFor most industrial applications mentioned above the chromatically coded distancedetection method turned out to be very well suited. That method takes advantagefrom a lens error commonly known as chromatic aberration: the axial position of thefocal point of an uncorrected lens depends on the color (wavelength) of the light to befocussed. In the visible spectral region, the focal distance for blue light is minimalwhile it is maximal for red light. The focal points of other colors are located inbetween according to the row: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. Depending onthe distance of the target from the focusing lens, light of just a very small wavelengthregion 1 is focused on the target’s surface (Fig. 1). All other spectral components ofthe light source are illuminating a much wider area of the surface.Figure 1. Principle of the chromatically encoded confocal measurementThe focusing lens is also used to receive the backscattered light from the target’ssurface and to focus it into an optical fiber. Due to that confocal arrangement, lighthaving the wavelength 1 is focused to the front of the fiber and enters it withoutclipping. All other spectral components are spread on a much bigger area. As aconsequence, the light fed through the fiber to a spectrometer is almostReprint from the journal Mikroproduktion 3/2005 2

11. Keseringan : Sekali setahun.Peperiksaandan Pentadbiran, Jabatan Pendaftar, UniversitiSains Malaysia.12. Disahkan oleh : Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan PerkhidmatanUniversiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.13. Bahan-Bahan Rujukan :Kertas I(a) Akta Dan Perlembagaan USM(b) Perlembahaan USM(c) Akta Universiti dan Kolej Universiti(d) Akta Badan-Badan Berkanun (Tatatertib & Surcaj) 2000 – Akta 605(e) Akta Kontrak Kerajaan 1949 (Disemak 1073) – Akta No. 120(f) Akta Kontrak 1950 (Disemak 1974) – Akta No. 136(g) Akta Pencegahan Rasuah 1961 – Akta No. 57(h) Akta Rahsia Rasmi(i) Pekeliling Kemajuan Pentadbiran Awam(j) Lain-lain yang berkaitan(k) Perintah Am KerajaanKertas II(a) Perintah Am Kerajaan(b) Akta Acara Kewangan 1957 (Pindaan 1972)(c) Arahan Perbendaharaan(d) Panduan Perbendaharaan(e) Tatacara Pengurusan Stor(f) Pekeliling dan Surat Pekeliling Perbendaharaan(g) Surat Pekeliling dan Surat Pekeliling Perkhidmatan(h) Pekeliling dan Surat Pekeliling Perkhidmatan(i) Peraturan Kewangan dan Perakaunan Universiti(j) Akta Wang Tak Dituntut(k) Akta Badan-Badan Berkanun (Akaun dan Laporan Tahunan)(l) Standard Perakaunan Malaysia (MASB)(m) Standard Perakaunan Antarabangsa (IAS)(n) Buku – Perakaunan Sektor Awam(Penulis: Omar Othman – MC Grawhill)(o) Buku-Buku Perakaunan yang lain(p) Akta Audit26 Julai 2004jab...peg kewangan kpsl5