2010 Hong Kong Reference Framework for Hypertension Care for ...
2010 Hong Kong Reference Framework for Hypertension Care for ... 2010 Hong Kong Reference Framework for Hypertension Care for ...
Module 5Dietary InterventionFood Group Daily Servings Examples of Serving SizesNuts, seeds, and dry beans 4-5 per week 1/3 cup or 1 1/2 ounces nuts1 tablespoon or 1/2 ounces seedsFats and oils 2-3 1 teaspoon soft margarine1 tablespoon low-fat mayonnaise2 tablespoons light salad dressing1 teaspoon vegetable oilSweets 5 or less per week 1 tablespoon sugar1 tablespoon jelly or jam1 cup lemonadeNote: Volume of cup = 240 mlSpecific instructions on dietary intervention (adapted from DASH eating plan)SaltRestrict salt intake to less than 5 grams of table salt per day (around 1 teaspoon),as sodium is a main dietary factor for elevated blood pressure. The 5 gramsincludes all salt and sodium consumed, including that used in cooking and at thetable. Please refer to table 2 for practical advice.Tips to reduce salt and sodium• Compare nutrition labels and choose prepackaged foods that are lower insodium.• Use fresh poultry, fish, lean meat and vegetables. Limit consumption of foodsthat are high in salt content such as sauces, preserved meat and vegetables,and canned and processed foods like luncheon meat and sausages.• Cut down on convenient and instant foods, canned soups or broths as theyoften contain a lot of sodium.• Cook food with less salt. Use spices instead of salt in cooking and at the table.Limit condiments, such as mustard, ketchup, pickles and soy sauce.• Use more natural low-sodium seasoning, such as ginger, green onions, garlic,pepper powder, lemon juice, etc. to replace salt or soy sauce in cooking.HK Reference Framework for Hypertension Care for Adults in Primary Care Settings2
Module 5Dietary InterventionSalt substitutes• A potassium-rich diet may help to reduce blood pressure.• Potassium should be from food sources, not from supplements.• Many fruits and vegetables e.g. potato, spinach, tomato, lettuce, banana,orange, apple and some dairy products e.g. yoghurt, and fish are rich sourcesof potassium.• However, potassium-rich diet should be avoided in patients with chronic renalfailure or taking potassium-sparing diuretics.Table 2. Practical advice for low salt dietMeals and foodsBreakfast• 1 cup oatmeal• 2 slice whole wheat bread• 2 teaspoons of soft margarine• 1 cup low fat or skimmed milk• 1 medium fruitLunch• 2 cups cooked rice or pasta• 3 ounces (84 grams) of cooked meat, fish or poultry• 1/8 teaspoon of salt in cooking, or equivalent• 1 teaspoon vegetable oil• 1 cup cooked vegetable• 1 medium fruitDinner• 1 medium baked potato• 1 teaspoon of sour cream• 3 ounces (84 grams) of cooked meat, fish or poultry• 1/8 teaspoon of salt in cooking, or equivalent• 1 teaspoon vegetable oil• 1 cup cooked vegetable• 1 medium fruit3 HK Reference Framework for Hypertension Care for Adults in Primary Care Settings
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Module 5Dietary InterventionSalt substitutes• A potassium-rich diet may help to reduce blood pressure.• Potassium should be from food sources, not from supplements.• Many fruits and vegetables e.g. potato, spinach, tomato, lettuce, banana,orange, apple and some dairy products e.g. yoghurt, and fish are rich sourcesof potassium.• However, potassium-rich diet should be avoided in patients with chronic renalfailure or taking potassium-sparing diuretics.Table 2. Practical advice <strong>for</strong> low salt dietMeals and foodsBreakfast• 1 cup oatmeal• 2 slice whole wheat bread• 2 teaspoons of soft margarine• 1 cup low fat or skimmed milk• 1 medium fruitLunch• 2 cups cooked rice or pasta• 3 ounces (84 grams) of cooked meat, fish or poultry• 1/8 teaspoon of salt in cooking, or equivalent• 1 teaspoon vegetable oil• 1 cup cooked vegetable• 1 medium fruitDinner• 1 medium baked potato• 1 teaspoon of sour cream• 3 ounces (84 grams) of cooked meat, fish or poultry• 1/8 teaspoon of salt in cooking, or equivalent• 1 teaspoon vegetable oil• 1 cup cooked vegetable• 1 medium fruit3 HK <strong>Reference</strong> <strong>Framework</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Hypertension</strong> <strong>Care</strong> <strong>for</strong> Adults in Primary <strong>Care</strong> Settings
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