Criteria for Recognit

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(de Ronde et al., 2005)These calderas commonly host black smokers, but they are not the usual setting <strong>for</strong> large VMSdeposits. Smaller magma chambers beneath summit calderas result in smaller hydrothermalsystems and smaller, but potentially higher grade deposits. Shallower water = boiling anddevelopment of extensive stockwork mineralization. Direct magmatic contributions may besignificant in these volcanoes, leading to Cu- and Au-rich systems!White Island: Cu -110,000 kg/yr, Au – 36 kg/yr, Bi – 2190 kg/yr, S – 50,000 t/yrHedenquist et al., 1993
Early Arc Rifting and Proto-Backarc Basins• early arc rifting is characterized bynarrow depressions cutting across orlocated immediately behind the arcfront (Sumisu rift of the Izu-Bonin arc;propagating tip of the Valu Fa Ridge)• short, trough-like grabens arecommon (
Page 1 and 2: The Role of Extension and Rifting i
Page 3 and 4: OutlineExtension and Rifting - defi
Page 5 and 6: Extension and Rifting(McKenzie and
Page 7 and 8: Seafloor Hydrothermal Vents and Rel
Page 9 and 10: Examples from Modern Geodynamic Env
Page 11: Arc-frontVolcanoesBrothers VolcanoS
Page 18 and 19: The Manus Back-arc Basins (4 m.y. o
Page 20 and 21: Lau Back-Arc BasinNorthFijiLauSouth
Page 22 and 23: Lau BasinHawkins →general trendfr
Page 24 and 25: Distribution of Western Pacific Hyd
Page 26 and 27: Sibuet et al.,1998
Page 28 and 29: Recognition of Extension-Rifting En
Page 30 and 31: Altay-Sayan DistrictBathurst Distri
Page 32 and 33: Dikes in FlowsDikes in volcaniclast
Page 34 and 35: 1 st Generation2 nd Generation
Page 36 and 37: Basalt DikePillowFB BasaltDike
Page 38 and 39: PillowedBlockMega-Breccia - Evidenc
Page 40 and 41: Recognition of High-Temperature Sem
Page 42 and 43: .Subvolcanic Plutons
Page 44 and 45: Caldera Recognition• Multiphase,
Page 46 and 47: Recognition of Extension-Rifting En
Page 48 and 49: VMS- and Rift-Related Mafic Rocks
Page 50 and 51: Piercey and Gibson, 2005
Page 52 and 53: Piercey and Gibson, 2005
Page 54 and 55: VMS- and Rift-Related FelsicRocks
Page 56 and 57: FI-FIV RhyolitesAfter Hart et al.,
Page 58 and 59: after Piercey and Gibson, 2005
Page 60 and 61: VMS- and Rift-Related FelsicRocks:
Page 62 and 63:
Piercey and Gibson, 2005
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Criteria for Recognit

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