Criteria for Recognit
Criteria for Recognit
Criteria for Recognit
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(de Ronde et al., 2005)These calderas commonly host black smokers, but they are not the usual setting <strong>for</strong> large VMSdeposits. Smaller magma chambers beneath summit calderas result in smaller hydrothermalsystems and smaller, but potentially higher grade deposits. Shallower water = boiling anddevelopment of extensive stockwork mineralization. Direct magmatic contributions may besignificant in these volcanoes, leading to Cu- and Au-rich systems!White Island: Cu -110,000 kg/yr, Au – 36 kg/yr, Bi – 2190 kg/yr, S – 50,000 t/yrHedenquist et al., 1993