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Beyond Greening: Reflections on Tourism in the Rio-Process | PositioningpaperFlaws in Brazil´s RESEX and lack of leadership by President Dilma RousseffThe use of protected areas, be it for integral protection or for sustainable use, is one of the keysto sustainable development. Countries have been slow in living up to their commitments fromthe World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg ten years ago.Brazil, even though with an exemplary legislation and reserves for sustainable use, needs to domore to expand the number of RESEX and other marine protected areas to protect an area often percent of the marine territory as established in the United Nations Convention onBiological Diversity (UNCBD), and make sure they are properly implemented, withmanagement plans in place to avoid a system of "paper parks". There is a need to accelerate theimplementation of protected areas with resilience towards climate change with plans formitigation and tools for local economic development. The ICMBio is in dire need ofinstitutional strengthening, qualified human resources and sufficient financial resources tooperate. The implementation of many reserves is lagging due to lack of managers with a socioeconomicscience background and lack of skills for conflict resolution (Gerhardinger, 2011).The upcoming conference onsustainable development Rio+20 wouldhave been a great opportunity topresent RESEX as a solution tosustainable forms of governance forreplication around the world, butPresident Dilma Rousseff has shown alack of environmental stewardship andleadership. Since she took office inJanuary 2011, no new RESEX have beencreated and even worse; existingprotected areas, especially in theAmazon, have been reduced in size toplease local politicians and agrobusinesses.Environmental legislation isconstantly being weakened by executiveorders and parliamentary initiatives to favour short-term economic benefits oversustainability. This leaves us with a bleak outlook for the "green economy" that should comeout of Rio+20.82
Beyond Greening: Reflections on Tourism in the Rio-Process | PositioningpaperRESEX in other parts of the world: UNESCO Biosphere ReservesOne model for sustainable use reserves in other countries are the UNESCO BiosphereReserves. Biosphere reserves are sites established by countries and recognized underUNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme to promote sustainable developmentbased on local community efforts and sound science. As places that seek to reconcileconservation of biological and cultural diversity and economic and social developmentthrough partnerships between people and nature, they are ideal to test and demonstrateinnovative approaches to sustainable development from local to international scales.Biosphere reserves are thus globally considered as:- sites of excellence where new and optimal practices to manage nature and human activitiesare tested and demonstrated;- tools to help countries implement the results of the World Summit on SustainableDevelopment and, in particular, the Convention on Biological Diversity and its ecosystemapproach;- learning sites for the UN Decade on Education for Sustainable Development.After their designation, biosphere reserves remain under national sovereign jurisdiction, yetthey share their experience and ideas nationally, regionally, and internationally within theWorld Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR). There are currently 580 sites in 114countries.www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biospherereservesExample of the Swiss Biosphere Reserve in Entlebuch: www.biosphaere.ch/de/welcome.cfmReferences:Kalikoski D., Vasconsellos M. (2012): Marine protected areas, Country case studies on policy,governance and institutional issues, FAO Fisheries and aquaculture technical paper 556/1Gerhardinger L., et al (2011): Environmental Management, Marine Protected Dramas: The Flaws ofthe Brazilian National System of Marine Protected AreasRené Schärer works with communities in the fishing village of Prainha do Canto Verde in the north-easternstate of Ceará, Brazil, supporting local development, environmentally and socially responsible tourism andfighting land speculation. He is a founding member of the NGO Instituto Terramar, Brazil, and thePhilanthropic Association Amigos da Prainha do Canto Verde, Switzerland.83
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