Belize National Anti-Drug Strategy - Caribbean Elections

Belize NationalAnti-Drug Strategy2000-2004

FOREWORDIn every society that grapples with the debilitating effect of illict drugs there is the samecrisis. Though it is played out differently from city to city, the motivation is the same: To livecleaner, saner lives.In Belize that hope is expressed through the National Drug Abuse Control Council, thisdocument, and most encouragingly, the community's will to power. It is out of this community'swellspring of conviction that the Council and this document draw their conviction, because asthe adage goes, if we can dream it, we can become it.And what do we dream? It is not a utopian fantasy of a state without greed ordesperation. It is the vision of a state founded on firm moral ground and steeped in thedetermination to forge a new identity based on the principles of education, awareness, mutuality,collective responsibility and the rule of law and order.This document is an expression of that will. It is the marshal in the forward column ofprogress, where the community, the media, law enforcement personnel, health and rehabilitationprofessionals, and government are advancing irreversibly towards the shared goal of thisrenewed society.I invite you to share in this revolution of rising expectations and increased possibility.This document is an expression of the best wishes of all of us, and it is constantly morphing tomeet the new challenges.Jules Vasquez, Chairman National Drug Abuse Control CouncilNovember, 1999

INTRODUCTIONThe scourge of drugs has caused serious health problems and severe social declinein the Belizean society. It has led to the associated crimes of murders, robberies and rampantviolence that threaten the traditional peace and well being of the nation. In addition youths,students and entire family units suffer as a result of illicit drug use and addiction. Moneylaundering also poses a major threat to the country’s economy and has the potential to undermineconstitutional democracy.Belize recognizes that it cannot combat the drug problem alone. Therefore Belize isprepared to cooperate fully with regional and international efforts aimed at curbing this illicittrade. Belize will act resolutely in dealing with criminals who sell drugs, those who facilitatetransshipment, money laundering, and the illicit cultivation of drugs in Belize. Additionally,Belize will undertake health and education programs that will reduce demand thereby improvingthe health and safety of its people and repair the wreckage in its communities.The illicit drug trade is a relatively new phenomenon to Belize. Large-scale marijuanacultivation for export to the USA started in the northern districts of Corozal and Orange Walk inthe mid-1960’s. The drug cultivation was a direct response to the decline of sugar prices on theworld market. Sugar cane growers had found an alternative cash crop to help them pay offexisting debts. The marijuana industry proved to be much more lucrative and financiallyrewarding than sugarcane and became a major economic activity of the northern districts. TheSouthern districts soon (1970’s) followed the example of the North.Other factors contributing to the further expansion of the marijuana industry in Belize areas follows:Belize’s strategic location in the transshipment route,Inadequate law enforcement resources,Ready access to the cheap labor of Central American refugees who work on themarijuana plantations,Open borders and large tracts of unpopulated areas.Aerial eradication operations in the mid 1980’s conducted jointly by USA and Belizereduced marijuana cultivation to a controllable level.With the decline of marijuana production, drug traffickers shifted their activities tofacilitating the transshipment of cocaine. Belize therefore became a very important link in thetransshipment route between the producing countries in the South and the consuming countriesof the North. Drug transshipment activities have now evolved into large-scale operations byland, sea and air utilizing highly sophisticated technology to avoid detection.In continuing to combat this major problem Belize is committed to the total eradication ofdrug trafficking in the country.

This strategic plan document is an expression of that will. It mobilizes the combinedforces of the community, the health, education and rehabilitation professionals, law enforcement,the media and the government in advancing irreversibly toward this shared goal.The National Anti-Drug Strategy is based on a five-year integrated approach. It aims toreduce demand and supply of drugs by 50%, during the next five years, and to alleviate theconsequences associated with drug use and trafficking. It proposes strategies encompassing theareas of research and diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, law enforcement and preventionand education.This strategy has been developed by the National Drug Abuse Control Council with theassistance of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD). It has a multisectoral focus developed with the input and participation of more than 40 participants in a fourdaystrategy elaboration workshop held in the first week of September 1999. The participantsrepresented the following:Ministry of Education & SportsCouncil of ChurchesLegal ProfessionNon-government OrganizationsMinistry of Transport & CommunicationMinistry of Trade, Commerce & IndustryMinistry of National Security & ImmigrationMinistry of FinanceRehabilitation & Treatment CentersNational Drug Abuse Control CouncilPrivate SectorIn November of 1998 the National Drug Abuse Control Council was rejuvenated andcharged with the responsibility to produce this anti-drug strategy within a year. This NationalDrug Abuse Control Council (NDACC) was established by the Government of Belize in 1988and empowered to carry out functions associated with the demand, supply, distribution andcontrol of licit and illicit drugs by the Misuse of Drugs Act No. 22 1990. The vision of NDACCis to promote a drug-free Belize. To this end NDACC advises the Government of Belize on drugrelated matters and serves as a coordinating body for agencies implementing drug demand andsupply reduction programs. It also acts as an advisory body to all government ministries directlyinvolved in drug issues and serves as the coordinating agency dealing with both demand andsupply reduction programs.To implement the strategy Belize will seek to consolidate support from regional andinternational communities to augment its limited national resources. This support is critical forthe development of the national capacity to reduce the consumption and ultimately to eradicatethe use of illicit drugs.“It is time for serious action. The task is urgent and the choice is clear: stamp out illicitdrugs and its violence. Belize’s commitment is firm and total. The Belizean people have

demanded that we make Belize drug free. Let us re-intensify the work to make all our territoriesunusable to drug traffickers and users and in so doing make our region drug free.” (JorgeEspat, Minister of National Security & Immigration, June 1999)*The National Anti-drug Strategy for Belize begins by outlining primary goals of the AntidrugStrategy after which it examines the social and economic context in which the strategy willbe implemented. It then presents an analysis of the illicit drug problem and its effects. This isfollowed in chapter three by the critical evaluation of current anti-drug policies and strategiesemployed. Chapters four and five were generated by the various working groups at the strategyelaboration workshop held from September 4-6, 1999. They identify draft policies andobjectives, establish strategies and develop projects to be carried out during the five-year periodof the strategy. The legal framework in chapter six reviews the various laws that regulate thesupply and demand of drugs as well as the treaties and multilateral and bilateral conventions thatBelize has signed. The institutional framework in chapter seven highlights the agencies that areinvolved the implementation of the strategy. The chapter on follow-up and evaluation exploresthe mechanisms to be used in monitoring the strategy while chapter nine suggests the strategiesthat Belize will employ to effectively manage the strategy’s implementation and to solicitfunding.* Taken from a speech delivered by Jorge Espat , Minister of National Security and Immigration to the delegates of an International DrugEnforcement Conference held in Belize, June 1999

PRIMARY GOALThe main goal of the National Anti-drug Strategy is to bring together the collectiveefforts of all sectors, agencies and organizations to reduce the demand and supply of illicit drugsin Belize by 50% over a five year period.The National Anti-drug Strategy will achieve the following:1. The collaboration and cooperation of agencies involved in the demand, supply andreduction nationally, regionally and internationally in the implementation of the strategy.2. The rationalization and control of the resources involved in the anti-drug campaign.3. The undertaking of a national epidemiological survey to establish baseline data that willbe updated periodically and referred to continually to rationalize the targeting ofresources during the five-year period of the strategy.4. The establishment of a national drug treatment facility.5. The improvement of facilities in the area of treatment and rehabilitation.6. The reduction in the demand for illicit drugs in Belize by 50% over the next five years.7. The reduction of the demand for legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco.8. The reduction of the prevalence of drug use among youth.9. The reduction of drug trafficking rates.10. The reduction of the availability of illicit drugs in Belize.11. The reduction of domestic cultivation and production of illicit drugs.12. The strengthening of NDACC to enable it to assume the effective and efficientmanagement of the identified projects.

1. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION OF BELIZEBelize borders Guatemala to the South and West, Mexico to the North and the CaribbeanSea to the East. It has a population of 239,000 (1998 est. pop.) and with an area of 8,866 squaremiles (or 23,000 sq. km.), it is the second smallest and least populated country in CentralAmerica. In 1991 52% of the population was located in rural areas with 48% being urban based.The population density of 10.03 per sq. km. is one of the lowest in the region. While beinggeographically Central American, Belize shares historical ties with the Anglophone Caribbeanand is the only English-speaking country in Central America.Belize is divided into six administrative districts: Corozal and Orange Walk situatedimmediately South of Mexico; Stann Creek and Toledo, the two southernmost districtsneighboring Honduras and Guatemala respectively; Cayo is situated along the Western borderwith Guatemala and the Belize District in the coastal center. Although Belmopan is theadministrative capital, Belize City with its port facilities is the largest urban commercial center.Belize gained political independence from Britain on September 21, 1981 when itadopted a new Independence Constitution. The government of Belize is patterned off the BritishWestminster Whitehall system. Under this system the titular head of state is the Queen ofEngland, represented by a Belizean Governor General who is appointed by the Queen on theadvice of the Prime Minister.The Constitution of Belize calls for a bi-cameral Legislature known as the NationalAssembly which consists of an elected House of Representatives and a nominated Senate. APrime Minister and Cabinet make up the executive branch. The local government is administeredby district Town Boards and a City Council in the case of Belize City.The population growth rate for 1998 averaged 3.4 % per annum (according to CentralStatistics Office). Belize also has a large dependent population with 53% being under the age of19 and 4.5% above 65. Average fertility rate is 4.6 children per woman, the fertility rate forwomen in the rural areas being 5.8 compared to 3.9 in urban areas. Women with no educationhave the highest fertility rate of 6.0 while 19 % of the young women 15-19 are mothers. If thepopulation continues to grow at the present rates it is estimated that the population may double in25 years.Four ethnic groups namely, Mestizo, Creole, Maya and Garifuna dominate the currentpopulation of Belize. The largest group, the Mestizo, with 43.6%, is found primarily in thenorthern and western districts. The Creole with 29.8% follows this group. This represents a shiftin ethnic balance between the 1980 and 1991 censuses due to steady rate of Mestizo immigrationfrom neighboring countries. The Creoles are found predominantly in the Belize district. TheMayas make up 11% of the population and the Garifuna 7%.The total labor force is estimated at 85,598 while a total of 92,100 persons are below theworking age. At the end of 1998 Belize had an unemployment rate of 14.3%. A 1995 survey

showed that women make up 32% of the labor force with 25% of them earning less thanUS$4,320 per annum.Belize is a poor developing nation with a small open economy. The leading foreignexchange earner in Belize is tourism followed by sugar, citrus, bananas, marine products, andgarments. It is anticipated that farmed shrimp production will increase by 67% in 1999. TheUnited States of America is the largest trading partner importing 37% of Belize's total exportsand supplying 49% of all Belizean imports in 1998. Belize's per capita GDP for 1998 wasUS$2647.According to the National Literacy Survey of 1996 the literacy rate in Belize is 75.1%with 73.5% of women being literate. Of students currently enrolled in primary school 23% willnot go on to secondary school.The health condition in Belize is in a serious need of improvement. The infant mortalityrate is estimated at 26 per 1000. This high infant mortality rate is particularly found among 36%of the population that is considered poor. It is therefore evident that there is urgent need forimprovement in the area of child and maternal health care. The leading cause of mortality islower respiratory infection followed by heart disease and cancer. Of significance to the NationalAnti-Drug Strategy is the fact that there is a growing increase in both drug related HIV positivecases as well as drug related mental health cases.

2. OVERVIEW OF THE ILLICIT DRUG PROBLEMBelize, primarily due to its geographical location, has become a part of the illicit drugtransshipment route between the South American producers of cocaine and heroin and theconsumers in North America and Europe.Added to this geographic reason are the economic and social conditions within thecountry. These have played a significant part in persuading normally law-abiding citizens tobecome involved in illicit drug smuggling and distribution.The influx of drugs into Belize has increased the number of users and addicts, therebycausing serious social and health problems. It has also led to an increase in criminal activities, inparticular thefts, and robberies, including armed robberies, committed by crack cocaine addictswho need to maintain their expensive habit.Demand ReductionAs early as 1985 PRIDE Belize conducted a series of surveys that examined theincidence of drug use in Belize. These included “A Survey of Drug Prevalence and Attitudes inBelize City” (1993) and a Belize Drug Usage Prevalence Survey (1995).The Belize Drug Usage Prevalence Survey (1995) conducted jointly by PRIDE Belizeand National Drug Abuse Control Council revealed that the student who was most at risk fromthe use of drugs was the urban male who came from a single parent home where the mother wasthe head of the household. The person least at risk was the rural female who came from familiesheaded by both parents with the head of household being a skilled worker. Regular use ofmarijuana was found to be 2% for males and 0.2% for females. Approximately 0.4% males and0.3% females frequently used crack/cocaine.In 1996 a Belize Prison Drug Prevalence Survey conducted by NDACC concluded thatthe prison inmates had higher usage of alcohol, tobacco, crack/cocaine and marijuana than theprevious above-mentioned surveys. Other findings included the following: 61% of those thattook part in the survey had used marijuana previous to being in prison while 43.7% had usedcrack previously. 32.5% had used marijuana in prison and 6.8% had also used crack/cocaine inprison. 44.3% stated that it is easy to obtain drugs in prison. The survey also found that 35.6% ofthe prison population were there because of illicit drug possession or drug trafficking. 41.2% hadalso committed a crime while using drugs and 39% committed a crime to buy drugs. With 57.9% being in prison because of illicit drugs it is evident that there is a high correlation betweendrug abuse and crime. This is further substantiated by the fact that a high percentage of bothrepeat and new offenders continue to enter prison because of drug abuse.A Situational Analysis of Teacher’s Views on Drug Issues and Drug Prevention InPrimary Schools conducted by NDACC in October of 1998 revealed that teachers consider thethree leading problems they have to deal with as the following:

1. A lack of personal and social values that is displayed by today’s students.2. Child abuse and Neglect.3. Poverty.53% of the teachers surveyed saw alcohol abuse as the biggest drug problem both amongstudents as well as in the community. Marijuana was viewed as the second major drug problemboth in the schools and in the community. Teachers also felt that there was need for a clearlydefined national drug policy for schools as well as revision of the current laws encompassing thebuying, selling and consumption of alcohol. Driving under the influence of alcohol laws werealso viewed as outdated, inappropriate for today’s society and needing to be upgraded.As a part of NDACC’s participation in the Atlantic Coast Project, a Report on the 1998Student’s Health Survey in Dangriga and Belize City was released in December of 1998. Thesurvey revealed that consistent with the other previously mentioned studies, alcohol remains themost widely used substance in Dangriga and Belize City at 53.5%, followed by tobacco (11.0%),marijuana (7.6%), cocaine/crack (0.7%), stimulants (2.4%) and inhalants (1.4%).It further showed significant increases in prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and marijuanafrom students of Standard 6 to students of 6 th Form in both districts. However there is an increasein prevalence of alcohol and tobacco in Belize City compared with an increase in prevalence ofmarijuana and cocaine/crack in Dangriga. Additionally, the percentage of students who startedusing marijuana at less than 10 years old was higher in Belize City at 8.8% to Dangriga ‘s 7.3%,however students who started using the drug between 14-15 years is 46.3% for Dangriga and28.1% for Belize City. The study also indicated that the drug most preferred by students wasalcohol, followed by marijuana and then tobacco.The results of the Student Health Survey proved that along with the rest of the coastalcommunities of Central America, Belize (particularly Dangriga) is facing tremendous risks ofdrug abuse due to the changes in geographical routes of drug trafficking in this region. It alsodemonstrates that if Belize does not take urgent preventive measures against illicit drugs andcontrols the ease of access to alcohol and tobacco, its students can become even moreendangered.Supply ReductionThe increase in the presence of weapons, a concomitant of illicit drug trafficking, has ledto murders and other violent crimes caused by inter trafficking, group rivalry and the theft ofdrug shipments.In addition to the cocaine transshipment problem, marijuana production persists despiteBelize’s efforts to eradicate it. It is also known that new cross border strategies are employed totransport shipments of marijuana by land into Mexico, possibly to supplement the largershipments originating there, for transportation into the USA. Small amounts have been carried

y air travelers or sent by post to the USA. Intelligence efforts show that amounts are alsosmuggled from neighboring Guatemala into Belize for domestic use.To counter these hazards resulting from the production and distribution of marijuana andthe importation, trafficking and distribution of cocaine, the Belize Police Department has utilizedall the intelligence and operational resources available. The police operations have had to beundertaken in conjunction with other normal police tasks. This has resulted in the severeoverstretching of manpower and equipment resources, possibly to the detriment of efficiency inthe performance of their regular duties.Maritime SummaryThe coastline of Belize offers the greatest opportunity for transshipping drugs into thecountry or Mexico. The extensive barrier reef serves as a rendezvous for go-fast vessels, coastalfreighters, and fishing vessels. Almost every go-fast vessel departing from the northern coast ofColombia en route to Mexico transits Belize or its waters.Go-fast Vessel OperationsThe entire Belizean coast including the barrier reef itself provides a haven for go-fastvessel operations. Belizean fishermen are often contracted to pilot the go-fast vessels throughthe intricate reef system. Lighthouses along the cayes are used as navigation beacons, allowingthe go-fasts vessels to operate at night aided by global positioning satellite navigation systems.With little fear of interdiction, given the many hiding locations, abundance of shallow water, andlimited counter-drug assets, traffickers can operate in relative safety. Go-fasts vessels arerefueled or unloaded by support teams, which usually use a different location for each operation.Commercial ShippingLittle is known about Belizean traffickers using merchant ships and fishing vessels andthe quantity of illicit drugs hidden in legitimate cargo. A common practice for drug traffickers isto conceal cocaine in fresh fruit and seafood. Vessels transporting fresh fruit and seafood arerarely checked thoroughly by Customs due to the perishable nature of the foods and the inabilityof the Customs Department to pay for loss if the goods are damaged.In-land River TransportIt is highly likely that traffickers use Belize’s vast inland waterway system to move drugshipments within the country. The Rio Hondo runs almost the entire length of theBelize/Mexican border and into Corozal Bay, making it the most likely to be used by traffickers.Additionally, there are numerous rivers that flow from various inland lakes and reservoirs intothe inter-coastal waterway, creating a complex riverine system for domestic transport. Theserivers are accessible only by shallow draft vessels such as barges and motor boats of the typesused by smugglers.

Air TransportThere is evidence indicating that Belize is used as an intermediate stopover. Sometraffickers utilize illicit airstrips and support flights by providing fuel and security. Traffickershave been known to use highways as landing strips. Local traffickers are often paid in cocaine aswell as firearm and ammunition for their services. The cocaine is retained for domestic use andis sold to tourists. Airdrop operations occur throughout Belize on land and at sea.Overland TransportDrug traffickers have been found moving cocaine overland using commercial tractortrailer rigs, taxies, buses, and other commercial transports that routinely cross the bordersoutbound to Mexico. The primary inbound crossing site is the official crossing point fromGuatemala in the Peten Area. There are also numerous back-country crossing sites that are usedby all terrain or 4x4 type vehicles. Border authorities usually lightly man these remote sites.From the Guatemala border the drugs are transported using the local road network to distributethe drugs. In the mid-1980’s Belize was the fourth largest supplier of marijuana to the UnitedStates. Today Belize produces relatively small amounts of marijuana, due to a successfuleradication program, combining U.S. Government aircraft and Belizean manual eradicationoperations.Production, Manufacturing and TraffickingFrom both operational results and intelligence sources it is apparent that insofar asmarijuana is concerned, although the amount of plants being cultivated is possibly increasingcountrywide, the continuing eradication campaign is having a major effect in keeping theprocessed marijuana available to users at a minimum.With regards to the trans-shipment and distribution of cocaine, the apprehension of usersand street pushers with small amounts of cocaine continues on a daily basis, but the interdictionof multi kilogram shipments does not occur due to a number of factors.The factors include:• The lack of manpower, finance and equipment.• A lack of timely, operational intelligence, prior to the arrival of a shipment.• The trafficking groups’ strong internal security.• The large expanse of both land and sea areas used to avoid detection frompatrols.Intelligence sources indicate that ‘wet drops’, (shipments dropped by aircraft or offshoreboats into the sea or inland lagoons), occur on a regular basis. Additionally, boats fromneighbouring countries, or Belizean owned boats that travel to these countries, bring shipmentsto offshore cayes and isolated locations on the Belize coast for storage or to be moved enroute toMexico.

Sometimes some of these shipments, in particular the ‘wet drops’, are lost at sea only tobe recovered by fishermen. These are then offered to the major retailers usually for sale on thestreets to the users.Evident in Belize is the development of what is called the ant system: of small scaletraffickers utilizing land routes, using private vehicles, either cars or trucks, and the air routes tothe USA to export small amounts of cocaine at a time.Characteristics and Effects of the Drug ProblemIn addition to those characteristics and effects of the drug problem mentioned above,there is a problem of society’s perception of those persons involved in drug trafficking. Thegeneral perception, in particular among the youth’s, is a lifestyle of adventure, immediatematerial gratification and adulation. This lifestyle is regarded as worthy of emulation. Thetraffickers are generally seen to move in the top strata of society with complete impunity.Although suspected for what they are, they are accepted on the strength of their assets andfinances.Money LaunderingAlthough no major money laundering cases have been investigated and prosecuted, it isknown that proceeds from the sale of illicit drugs by the major traffickers are returning to Belize.Early in 1999, US$109,000.00, suspected to be the direct proceeds from drugs transshipped tothe USA, was seized by the Belize Police Department at the Philip Goldson InternationalAirport. The money was concealed in a television set.The passage of the Money Laundering Act No. 12 of 1994 and the Money LaunderingPrevention Regulations No. 6 of 1998 are obvious indications of Belize’s commitment tocombating money-laundering activities in the country.Internal and External Assistance and CooperationBelize recognizes that no tactic pursued alone by any agency can successfully combatillicit drug demand and supply. Hence its adoption of a multi-agency approach. In addition tothe Police Department, Belize has committed elements from the Belize Defence Force (BDF),the Customs Department, Fisheries, Income Tax and other relevant government and nongovernmentagencies to assist in the continuing fight against illicit drug trafficking anddistribution. They also seek the recovery of financial benefits and assets obtained from it. Thismulti-agency approach to opposing the activities of the traffickers has been successful.External assistance has come primarily from the United States government through theAmerican Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and the British government in the form of training,equipment and financial support. Between 1995 and 2000 $2,599,000 in financial assistance wasobtained from the United States government. In that same period 2,185,750 was obtained fromthe United Kingdom to combat narcotics trafficking.

Belize has been a prime mover in increasing cooperation among Mexico and the CentralAmerican countries namely Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica andPanama. This increased cooperation is especially evident in information sharing and in theimplementation of joint training and operations designed to interdict transnational drugtraffickers. Belize has also taken the lead in effecting a similar cooperation in the Caribbeanregion.Cooperation between the Police Department and the NDACCA critical element in the elimination of drug abuse is avoidance of drug use anddependency through education. Cooperation between the Police and the NDACC can beconsidered ongoing. The Zone Beat Liaison Officer Unit of the Police Department and NDACChave been in the forefront of drug education programs in schools. In this program assistance isgiven to the Police by NDACC workers in counseling youths arrested for narcotics use.Additionally, assistance is given to NDACC in the form of statistics and joint education projectswithin schools.Expenditure on Police OperationsWhile Law enforcement anti-drug operations have proven to be extremely expensivethere are no exact figures available to indicate the itemized expenditure of each major multiagencyoperation mounted. Inclusive of subsistence and land, air and maritime transportation, anoperation is estimated to cost in the area of US$40,000.00 to US$50,000.00. The US embassyestimates that a joint US/Belize anti-drug operation costs US$2 million. Since 1997 there havebeen three operations mounted annually. Prior to 1997 it varied between one and two per year.Smaller Police operations are also mounted on an as required basis, and depending on the scope,costs can vary from US$10,000.00 to US$20,000.00.Drug Seizures and ArrestsThe following tables provide statistics on the number of drug seizures, and personsarrested for drug possession, use or trafficking aggregated by gender and age. The statisticsindicate that illicit drugs in Belize consist primarily of marijuana and the transshipment ofcocaine. The amount of cannabis plants seized in the first eight months of 1999 far outnumberedthe amount seized in the previous years. Also the most cocaine was seized in 1997.Additionally, 85-90% of the prison population are affected by drugs. This highlights the needfor rehabilitation work to be done in the prison.

DRUGS STATISTICS FOR PERIOD 1995 TO 1999DRUG SEIZURESYEARCANNABIS(KILOS)CANNABISPLANTSCOCAINEKILOSPERSONSARRESTED1995 40 162,567 845.2 1,5241996 201 128,281 469.8 2,0331997 262.8 294,712 2,691.1 1,7011998 1,557.3 202,803 40.3 1,5881999 9.2 377,055 32.1 1,637Table 1PERSONS ARRESTED (BY GENDER)YEAR MALES ARRESTED FEMALES ARRESTED TOTAL PERSONSARRESTED1995 903 621 1,5241996 1,480 553 2,0331997 1,188 513 1,7011998 1,432 156 1,5881999 1,461 176 1,637Table 2ARRESTS BY AGE GROUP FOR YEAR 199915 andunder16 –19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40 andoverMALE 46 253 358 205 345 254F EMALE 3 32 40 24 42 35TOTAL 49 285 398 229 387 289Table 3

3. CRITICAL EVALUATIONIn analyzing the illicit drug problem in Belize a number of priority issues were identifiedby the September 1999 Strategy Elaboration Workshop. These issues were categorized underfour main strategic areas namely:• Research & Diagnosis,• Treatment and Rehabilitation,• Law Enforcement• Prevention and Education.The following tables present a summary of the present status of policy implementation interms of the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of the lines of action employed.STRAGETIC AREA: RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSISFORMAL EDUCATION: ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING PROGRAMSSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGESFORMAL EDUCATIONASSESSMENT OFEXISTINGPROGRAMS1. Existing Drugeducation programsbeing implementedcountry-wide at theprimary level.2. Existing peer educationgroups target primaryschools.INFORMAL EDUCATIONPROGRAMS1. NDACC informationtargeting distinctaudiences.2. Existence of alternativedrug educationprograms.1. Non existent atsecondary/tertiary levels.2. Drug education programsnot always culturallyappropriate.3. Lack of funding.1. Lack of information onthe effectiveness ofcurrent drug relatedmaterial and programs.2. No way of ensuringintegrity of some of theDrug informationpresently beingdisseminated.3. Failure to record drug1. Feasibility of drugeducation programs atthe secondary andtertiary levels.2. Develop a researchevaluation system that isculturally appropriate.3. Obtain funding for drugresearch in schools.1. Research and evaluateexisting communityprograms in which drugeducation could beintegrated.2. Verify the integrity ofdrug information beingdisseminated.

use & abuse incidentsAmong incomingcasualties & outgoingPatients.4. Failure to track the abuseof legal over-the-Counter drugs includingalcohol & tobacco.5. Failure to accurately andAdequately monitor theUse of psychoactive andPsychotropic substances.HEALTH PROGRAMS1. Existing basic datacollection within (MOH)Ministry of Health2. HIV/AIDS Councilpresently looking atattitudes and practicesamong STI's/HIV/AIDSvictimsTREATMENTPROGRAMS1. Existing rehabilitationprograms.6. Failure to carry out datacollection in a timely andaccurate manner.1. No linkage with NDACCat this time in looking atdrug related incidents ofSTI'sHIV/AIDS victims.1. Lack of knowledge as tothe effectiveness ofRehabilitation programs.2. Lack of coordinationamong research, datacollecting agencies.3. Lack of linkage & contactamong treatment centers.1. A need to establish anational protocol thatintake forms at thehospitals, police stations,rehabs include a line itemabout drug use.2. To provide data on thepurchase of prescribeddrugs.1. Develop a relationshipbetween NDACC andHIV/AIDS Council totrack the correlationbetween drug use &STI’s/HIV/AIDS victims.2. To obtain statistics on theuse of psychotropicsubstances in public healthinstitutions.3. Evaluate existingprograms & standardize asfar as possible the medicaland legal aspects.Rehabilitation techniques

need to be clearly defined.4. Facilitate networking ofvarious research groups &identify focal point forcollection & sharing ofinformation.5. Fact finding to determineappropriate instrumentneeded to better collect &analyze data.6. Track recovering addictsprogress.7. Research produced/published must havevalidity/reliability8. Accreditation as a meansof determining minimumstandards.SUPPLY REDUCTIONPROGRAMS1. Bureau of Standards has alist of chemicals etc.2. Department of HealthServices presentlyregulates use ofpharmaceuticals1. Lack of technicalpersonnel.2. The non-monitoring ofpublic distribution ofpharmaceuticals.1. Assess the legitimateneeds of pharmaceuticalchemicals entering thecountry.2. Need to put a system inplace to track thedistribution ofpharmaceuticals/chemicals

STRATEGIC AREA: TREATMENT AND REHABILITATIONSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGESMINIMUM TREATMENTSTANDARDS1. Two operating agencieswith internationalstandards/guidelines foroperation.1. No existing nationalstandards.2. No accountability. Nomonitoring mechanism inplace for evaluation ofstandards.1. Establish national norms,standards, and regulationsfor operation.2. Establish a monitoringmechanism to ensureenforcement of standards.PENAL INSTITUTIONS(Prison, Juvenile Detention,Mental Institution)1. Currently treatment existsin the form of supportgroups in theseinstitutions.2. Assessment capability inprison.3. Rehabilitation programsdeveloped but need to beimplementedEMERGENCYTREATMENT1. Hospitals have theinfrastructure for thedevelopment of adetoxification unit.1. “First offence” programsnon-existent.2. Lack of funding andtrained personnel toimplement programs.3. Easy availability/Accessibility of addictiveSubstances (legal/illicit).4. No national policy/Standards requiring theAssessment and treatmentof InstitutionalizedIndividuals.1. Hospital does not currentlyhave the ability to conductdetoxification.1. Enforce “first offence”programs and recruitmentand training of staff.2. The Ministry of theAttorney General shouldcoordinate directly withthe police to conductrandom "drug raids" atPrison, etc.3. Develop protocol forcollaboration betweenNational Drug AbuseCouncil, and the courts toensure the delivery oftreatment.1. Upgrade and utilizeexisting facilities.2. Promote awareness withinthe medical community onthe extent of alcohol and

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGES2. Insufficient awareness ofthe extent of the problem,within the medicalcommunity.3. No training in diagnosisand treatment of drugoverdose and alcoholdetoxification.4. No collaboration betweenMedical and Forensiclaboratory (police).5. No funding.3.Provide training for hospitalpersonnel in emergencytreatment procedures anddetoxification.4.Establish Collaborationamong treatment centers,medical facilities and otherGovernment institutions.5.Find funding.NATIONAL ANDINTERNATIONALSUPPORT FOR THESTRENGTHENINGAND CREATION OFTREATMENT CENTERS1. Psychiatric nursepractitioners currentlyprovide counseling andintervention for drug andalcohol abuse.2. Two facilities“TherapeuticCommunities" operationalin country.FUNDING1. Facilities receiveGovernment of Belizesubsidies.2. Government of Belizeprovides assistance, use offacilities and equipment,tax exemptions,immigration/customs, andtransport to existingfacilities.3. Some Public and Private1. Limited access to rehabdue to high cost and nonavailability.2. The facilities currently inoperation are not offering"treatment".3. Lack of national publicresidential facility.1. No system of accountabilityrequired by Government ofBelize on subsidies privateinstitutions receive.2. Not enough financialsupport from families oflocal recipients of treatment1. Empower NDACC toadvise on the accreditationof existing facilities with aview to upgrade services toinclude "treatment”.2. Ensureprofessional/assistance andtraining for existing adeveloping program.3. Establish a national publicresidential facility for drugETOH rehab.1. Establish and enforce asystem of accountability.2. Find new/innovativemethods of funding.3. Introduce a "sin tax" tobe levied on companiesthat produce alcohol,tobacco, and

Sector (communitySupport.Pharmaceuticals to fundtreatment programs.ACCREDITATION OFREHAB CENTERS1. Institutions in operationhave internationalguidelines for operation as“therapeuticcommunities''.INFORMATIONNETWORK1. None.REINTEGRATION1. None.PROGRAM EDUCATIONCERTIFICATION OFSTAFF1. Are not currentlyaccredited as a 'treatment"facility, locally orinternationally.2. No national system ofaccreditation exists.1.No formal network exists.1. No re-integration facilitiesexist for individualscompleting treatment.1. No evaluation criteria exits.2. Although inspection ofcenters is a part of themandate of NDACC, this isnot enforced.1. Insufficient training andcertification of Staff.1. Meet the internationalstandards required tooperate as a therapeuticcommunity.2. Develop nationalaccreditation standards.3. Ensure compliance withnational accreditationstandards.1. Develop a formalCollaboration network.2. Develop a referral network.3. Ensure the creation of adatabase and the evaluation ofinformation.4. Develop an Evaluation/Reporting system.1. Set up re-integrationfacilities/ programs.• Transition facilities• Halfway house1. Strengthen the capacity ofNDACC to carry out itsmandate.1. Ensure specialized trainingcertification for drug andalcohol counselors.

CRITICAL EVALUATIONSTRATEGIC AREA:LAW ENFORCEMENTSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGESAIRPORT CONTROL1. Well functioning securitysystem2. Good canine unit.COMMERCIAL SEA PORTBelize CityCOMMERCE BIGHT/BIGCREEKSTANN CREEK DISTRICTOTHER MARINE PORTS OFENTRY1. Presence of Customs/Police/Immigration/QuarantineCUSTOMS1. Functional CustomsDepartment.2. Officers are present at all1. Need for additional trainingand staff.2. Specialized training.3. Additional specializedequipment such as x-raymachine and scanners.1. Additional equipment e.g. X-ray machine/scanner needed.2. Specialized trainingnecessary.3. Additional staff withspecialized training required.4. Lack of canine section.5. Lack of harbor patrol crafts.1. Lack of security system andpersonnel and otherweaknesses at Belize CityPort.1. Lack of proper security andpersonnel (Police, Customs,Immigration, & Quarantine).Lack of proper investigationsection.Lack of proper investigators.1. To obtain specializedequipment.2. To identify training andfunding.3. To identify specializedtraining programs.1. To obtain/providesustainable funding fortraining and equipment.1. To establish a propersecurity system and securefunding so as to providetraining.1. To establish a propersecurity system, andsecure funding fortraining.1. To refocus the Customs

established ports of entry.IMMIGRATION1. Functional ImmigrationDepartment.2. Officers are present at allestablished ports of entry.FIREARMS &AMMUNITIONS1. Existing legislation.2. Firearms examinationDepartment.3. Strong enforcement oflegislation.Lack of equipment.Lack of vessels and vehicles.Lack of canine section.Lack of communication systems.Lack of tactical equipment.1. Lack of proper investigationsection.2. Lack of proper investigators.3. Lack of vehicles.4. Lack of communicationssystems.5. Lack of equipment.1. Lack of ballistic expertise.2. Insufficient number offirearm examiners.3. Lack of firearm and explosiveCanine section.4. Need for improved search andseizure by Customs Dept.5. Lack of bullet trap for dataand “drug fire” system forcomparison.Administration towardenforcement as opposed tosolely revenue collection.2. To obtain funding toproperly equip the officersand training to take on theenforcement role.1. To obtain funding forproper equipment,personnel and training.1. To obtain funding fortraining of personnel andequipment.INTELLIGENCE/INVESTIGATIVE SYSTEM1. Multi-agency cooperationand coordination (good basicinfrastructure).1. Lack of technical and tacticaltraining in areas of personnel,continuous programs andstandardized procedures.1. To provide sustainedfunding for technical andtactical training and toobtain trainers.2. To establish a RegionalJoint CommandOperational Center.NATIONAL, REGIONAL &INTERNATIONAL

CORDINATIONINTERDICTION FOR THEDETECTION ANDERADICATION OFCULTIVATION/INTERDICTIONOPERATION: AIR, LAND &SEA1. Multi agency cooperationand coordination.2. Commitment by the securityforces.3. Strong public support.4. Regional & hemisphericcooperation.5. Good strong legislation.COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM1. Computer linkage JICCMONEY LAUNDERING1. Existing lawCHEMICAL DIVERSION1. Inadequate field and tacticalequipment, e.g. radar, nightvision equipment.2. Inadequate air, land, maritimeresources.3. Inadequate human resources.4. Inadequate intelligence,investigative and operationalfunding.1. Lack of standardizedequipment for field andoperational communication.1. Non-enforcement2. Lack of specialized training1. No legislation dealing withTo establish a Regional JointOperational CommandCenter.To provide funding for jointforces operations.To provide funding forcommunication and otherspecialized equipmentthrough a centralprocurement.To obtain capital assets forland, sea, air interdictionoperations (vessels,aircraft, vehicle, nightvision equipment, andradar).To recruit quality personnel tomeet manpowerrequirements.Specialized training inintelligence analysis andtactical operations.1. To standardizecommunication system,through centralprocurement.1. To have available theservices of a financialexpert to investigatemoney laundering cases.

1. Existence of the QuarantineDepartment and Departmentof Health Services as control.2. Existence of ForensicLaboratory.ADMINISTRATION OFJUSTICE1. Functional Judicial System.2. Good laws on the books.chemical diversion.2. Lack of a central chemicalcontrol component authority.1. Lack of training.2. Lack of personnel.3. Lack of specialized trainingfor magistrates andprosecutors.1. To develop a centralchemical controlcomponent authority.2. To train personnel in theidentification of precursorchemicals.3. To enact legislationDealing with chemicalDiversion.To provide specializedtraining for magistratesand prosecutors.To provide specializedtraining for Judges inmoney laundering andother relevant legislation.

CRITICAL EVALUATIONSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGESPROMOTING RESISTANCETO DRUG ABUSE1. NDACC and other NGO’spromote resistance mainlythrough life-skilldevelopment programs.1. Lack of coordinationamong NGO’s resulting inwaste of resources.2. Mixed media messages.1. To improve coordination,eliminate duplication and wasteof resources.2. To establish communitystandards and means of vettingobjectionable media materials.To enforce existing mediaregulations.TRAINING1. NDACC1. Provides training atprimary education level,teaching personnel trainedin use of drug preventionmaterials.SHAPES1. Existing pool of expertiseto draw on for Training ofTrainers programs.2. Possible resources withinvarious ministries.1. Teacher attrition/transferrate high.2.Limited ability ofprofessionally untrainedteachers to deliver studentcounseling most prevalent inseveral areas.3. Absence of training atsecondary level.1. Insufficient commitment ofrelevant ministries to theprogram.1. NDACC1. Adopt training materialsto level of professionaltraining of teachers.2. Recruit assistance.1. Adopt an integrated approachto Training of Trainers.INTER-INSTITUTIONCOORDINATIONSHAPES1. Coordinating task forceadopt an inter-institutionapproach for coordinationplanning implementation1. Coordination with NGO’sagencies difficult.2.Frequent personnelrepresentation changes inagencies in coordinating1. Involve more committedpersons.2. Focal point in every ministry& agency.

and monitoring.2. 6 ministries are involved.NDACC1. Task force (representation& implementation at districtlevel).2. National Council (advisoryplanning monitoring).body.1. Lack of coordination withinformal agencies.2. Conflict in interest.1. Explore ways of retainingvoluntary support/interestcommitment.2. Improve NDACC interinstitutioncoordination.PRODUCTION &DISTRIBUTION OFDIDACTIC MATERIALS1. NDACC materials availableto schools.1. Limited supply (lack ofvariety, unattractive andunappealing for agelevels).2. Inequitable distribution ofmaterials1. Design materials that areappropriate and appealing.WORKPLACE PROGRAMS1. No work place programs inplace1. Encourage management togive time to education ontraining/treatment.2. Encourage management toestablish drug/alcoholpolicies that includeemployee assistanceprograms.PROGRAMS IN PRISONSAND DETENTION CENTERS1. Existing probation programs.2.Follow-up for parole programexists.3. Early recovery program exists.1. No sustained enforcementof follow-up after release.2. Early recovery program isnot currently beingimplemented.3. No comprehensive systemof monitoring probation.1. Recruit and train necessarysupport staff to implement andmonitor programs.

PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONLINE OF ACTION: INFORMAL EDUCATIONSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGES• COMPAR — offers acomprehensive program forparents.• Police Cadet Corps, BelizeDefence Force Corp, Scoutsand Guides all provide sometraining in drug abuseprevention.• Drug awareness activitiescountrywide.• No drug prevention in anyother youth programs.• No specific targeting.• Lack of involvement ofstreet children in youthprograms.• Evaluation of needs ofchildren, with a view tointervention.• Increasing number ofchildren of parents whoare deceased especiallydue to AIDS, andchildren of drug addicts.• Establish Outreach forstreet children.LINE OF ACTION: FORMAL EDUCATIONSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGES• Improper allocation ofresources (teachers,finance).• Drug education integrated inthe infant and middle divisionof primary schoolscurriculum.• NDACC directly involved indevelopment of pedagogicdocuments.• Family Services, MHD andsome NGO’s offer parentingprograms.• Neglect of streetChildren.• Duplication and lack ofCoordination.• Develop effective mode ofadministration of programsto deal with multiplicityand remote location ofschools.• Allocation of resources(e.g. trained teachers,financial assistance,incentives) to teachers moreeffectively.• Target high-risk schools.• Revitalize PTA System.• Include more in-depthcounseling in principaltraining programs.• Develop and disseminatedirectory of Referralsystem.STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CHALLENGESSPECIFIC PREVENTATIVEMEASURES GEARED

TOWARD HIGH RISKGROUPSCOMMUNITYPARTICIPATION INPREVENTION PROGRAM• NDACC task force conductsprevention outreach DrugFree Youth Club, and ParentsIn Action programs in place.HEALTHEXISTING FUNCTIONINGORGANIZATIONS:• HECOPAB involved inHealth promotion awareness,education, training, andprovision of resourcematerials, referrals.• Insufficient targeting ofhigh risk groups (e.g.street children).• Need to target youths/children beginning withpre schools.• No mechanisms in placefor identification andtargeted intervention tohigh-risk groups.• No appropriate form ofcommunication with highriskgroups.• Lack of funds to sustainprograms in community.• Non-committedparticipation.• Need for more visualpublicity.• Resources too centralized.• Establish measures toidentify high-risk groups.• Locate resources todevelop programs for highriskgroup.• Maintain statisticaldatabase on high-riskchildren.• Locate funds to conductsurveys.• Recruit more resourcepersonnel and funds.• Encourage Communityparticipation in preventionprograms aimed at highriskgroups.• Encourage moreinvolvement of youths atrisk.• Recruit more outreach fieldworkers.• Use of media publicity e.g.caption, use of strictcorrespondents.• Expand peer mediationprograms.NDACC: has School LiaisonOfficers, Networking System andDistrict Representatives in place.• Insufficient activitiesoutside of drug week.• Limited manpower.• Limited volunteers.• Maintain sustainedoutreach programs• Identify Resources (human,financial etc.).

SHAPES has a Health educationComponent. It utilizes an- Inter-ministerialcollaboration approach whichincreases the availability oftrained persons, financialresources, materials.• Need for more visibility• Better coordination ofministries involved.• Introduce Counselingprograms with (earlydetection of children at riskcompromised)- Establish a cadre oftrained Teachers ascounselors• Introduce Multi-tieredapproach to outreach.BNTU through its annual trainingprogram makes provision of basiccounseling skills for teachers.• Training is elective hencethere is insufficientsupport to teachersrequiring counselingsupport.• Involve other teacherorganization in theprovision of counselingsupport for teachers.AWARENESS CAMPAIGN• Annual awareness campaignsare conducted and periodicmedia advertisements areaired.• Limited coverage byawareness campaign dueto the unavailability offunds.• Media advertisement notsufficient due to high cost.• Draft and enforceappropriate legislationregarding public serviceads.• Conduct both pro-activeand reactive campaigns.

4. POLICIESIn seeking to address the previously described issues and concerns an overall goal was setand specific policies were elaborated to ensure the realization of that goal and to guide theactions of the National Anti-Drug Strategy for Belize.GOAL:Over the medium term, with eradication as the ultimate goal, the main goal of theNational Anti-drug Strategy is to bring together the collective efforts of all sectors, agencies andorganizations to reduce the demand and supply of illicit drugs in Belize by 50% over a five yearperiod.In attaining this goal the National Anti-Drug strategy seeks to implement the followingpolicies.RESEARCH & DIAGNOSIS• An accurate, reliable and timely drug related information system will be established to assistin the reduction of demand and supply of narcotics.TREATMENT & REHABILITATION• All persons requiring drug & alcohol treatment services shall have equal access to suchservices.• The capacity of the existing treatment and rehabilitation institutions shall be strengthened.• Mechanisms for monitoring the quality of treatment provisions shall be established.LAW ENFORCEMENT• Law enforcement agencies are committed to supply reduction.• Law enforcement shall work in partnership with the community and in close cooperation andcoordination with regional and international agencies.• Law enforcement agencies and pertinent legislation dealing with drug control will bestrengthened.• Specialized training will be provided for personnel in the administration of justice.• The Anti-Money Laundering Act will be enforced.• Sustained funding for support of the supply reduction effort will be provided.PREVENTION AND EDUCATION• Drug abuse awareness and prevention education will be incorporated in the curriculum at alllevels of the formal education system.

• Basic preventative health services to schools will be expanded.• Access to counseling services where children and youths can get assistance in coping withdifficulties will be expanded.• Counseling in parenting skills, community relations, drug addiction, gun violence will beprovided as part of the formal education process.• Drug abuse awareness and prevention education will be included as a component of allinformal education and training programs.• Drug abuse prevention and education programs will address the needs of various at-riskgroups.• Opportunities to enhance the capacities of the various ministries and other agencies involvedin the field of drug prevention education will be provided.

5. OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIESThis section elaborates objectives and strategies in each policy area. These are necessary toguide the planning process and steer the implementation of the projects. The objectives arepresented in order of importance based on the following criteria:• Feasibility• Political Support• Cultural Support• Financing• ImpactSTRATEGIC AREA: RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSISOBJECTIVESTo create a center for R&DTo gather data related to demand reduction &supply reductionTo improve the existing database.To determine patterns of usage ofpharmaceuticals containing narcotic drugsor psychotropic substances.STRATEGIES1. Establish information and research networkto improve data collection.2. Establish standards by which drug relatedprograms are evaluated.3. Train personnel in data collection andanalysis.4. Establish a protocol for the protection ofthe identity of information provided.5. Maintain international standards of datacollection.6. Identify a clearinghouse for drug-relatedinformation and publications.7. Enforce legislation dealing with thedistribution of pharmaceuticals.8. Develop a list of controlled over thecounterdrugs to head by generic names.9. Monitor the movement of psychoactivesubstances.

STRATEGIC AREA: TREATMENT AND REHABILITATIONOBJECTIVES1.Establish an inter-sectoral and agencycollaborating network.Increase access and equality of access todrug and alcohol treatment services.Improve the provision and delivery ofrehabilitation services.4. Increase awareness of the population towardthe implication, consequences and treatmentof licit and illicit substance use.STRATEGIES• Establish a committee representinggovernmental, non-governmental (NGO)and private sector organizations mandatedby law as an advisory body to government.• Establish a lead agency to ensurecoordination and collaboration amongvarious institutions involved in treatmentand rehabilitation as well as between localand external institutions.• Assess needs in order to increase coverage.Develop • Identify services gaps, accordingly. target groups by geographicarea.• Develop services accordingly.• Provide resources.Implementation of quality assurance program.• Implement quality assurance program.• Set minimum standards for all serviceproviders.• Develop a system to measure theeffectiveness of services.• Provide the necessary resources to enhanceinstitutional capacity.• Develop a support network of institutions.• Hold forums, conferences, training sessionsand seminars targeting specific groups.• Make use of information andcommunication campaign literature, media,leaflets, and brochures and ensure userfriendliness of the public awareness media.• Devise outreach campaigns targeting highriskpopulation based on geographical area.• Recommend legislative changes that makeprovision for social Integration Incentivesfor business support to treatment andrehabilitation programs etc.• Establish a cadre of lobbyists among publicofficials.

OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIESSTRATEGIC AREA: LAW ENFORCEMENTOBJECTIVES1. To strengthen the existing mechanism (JICC) foridentifying, collecting, collating and disseminatingintelligence on current and projected drug trends.2. To coordinate the operations of the lawenforcement agencies.3. To disrupt current drug production andtrafficking trends on land, at sea and in the air.STRATEGIES• Collect, collate and disseminate intelligencethrough Joint Intelligence CoordinatingCenter.• Gathering of intelligence by Police and BDFunits/cell.• Gathering of intelligence by multi-agenciesfor example Customs, Port Authority,Immigration, etc.• The sharing of information between regionaland international law enforcement agencies• Bi-monthly meetings of the BDF and Policeto discuss anti-drug operations.• Monthly meeting of law enforcementagencies:- to share information- to analyze intelligence- assignment of tasks- implementation• Continuous evaluation of anti-drugsoperations.• Patrol and monitor land and borders.• Continuous maritime patrol.• Track suspicious aircraft into Belize airspace• Destroy illicit landing strips.• Institute continuous bilateral and multilateraloperations leading to the eradicationof marijuana crops and seizure of transitdrugs.• Interdict and prosecute offenders.4. To establish a regional headquarters for thecentralization and implementation of antinarcoticand other drug related operations.• Establish a framework for the facilitationand implementation of regional anti-narcoticoperations.• Implement regional anti-narcotic strategy forMexico, Central America and the Caribbean.

Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.• To continue to provide leadership in antinarcoticoperations in the Caribbean andCentral America.• To create a model anti-narcotic operationalstrategy.• To strengthen existing bi-lateral andmultilateral ship-rider agreements.5. To enact and enforce legislation on chemicalcontrol.• Conduct a study or survey to determine thelevel of chemical diversion.• To enact legislation to provide for penal,civil and administrative sanctions against thediversion of controlled chemical substances,and to provide for a Chemical ControlCompetent Authority.• Train personnel in detecting chemicaldiversion.• Enforcement of legislation.6. To implement and enforce the provisions of the1996 Money Laundering (Prevention) ACT andits subsequent amendments and regulations.• Training of personnel in the administrationand enforcement of the Act.7. To provide trained cadre of personnel involvedin administration of justice.• Conduct training needs assessment.• Identify training institutions nationally andinternationally.• Determine the source of and secure funding.• Implement and evaluate training on acontinuous basis.• Conduct follow-up training if needed.To improve the forensic examination of firearmsand ammunition in order to enhance detectionand prosecution of offenders.• Train ballistic expert(s).• Increase number of firearms examiners.• Develop canine section for search offirearms and explosives.• Acquire bullet traps for data collection andIdentification of firearms etc.• Acquire a “drug fire” system forexamination and identification of firearms.

• Secure funding for the above.To work in close partnership with national andinternational communities for improvedawareness, cooperation and coordination in thefight against drugs.• To develop a close working relationshipbetween NDACC and law enforcementagencies in the implementation of drugawareness programs e.g. Police Week,Police, Crime, Prevention EducationalProgram (PCPEP).• Participation of personnel in national,regional and international conferences.• Conduct public relations awarenesscampaigns through mass media.

STRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION & EDUCATIONOBJECTIVES1. To offer specialized programs dealing withchemical addiction and otherbehavioral problems for high risk groups.STRATEGIES• Expand and upgrade outreach to out ofschool children and include Peer mediationprograms.• Implement specialized training forteachers, people at home and communitybased professionals.• Establish drug prevention hot lines andresource and referral directories in eachdistrict.2. To design at all levels of the educationalsystem curricula that ensure theincorporation of drug abuse awareness andprevention education.• Training-Teachers, principals, stakeholders,curriculum developers, managers.• Use of multi-media.• Monitoring and evaluation.• Conduct necessary research to identifychildren at risk.3 To implement Students’ AssistancePrograms (SAP).4. To create a partnership with parents and thecommunity to support substance abuseprevention programs.• Implement SAP in target schools.• Conduct surveys to identify high-riskchildren and schools.• Provide training for managers, teachers,parents and children.• Monitor and evaluate programs.• Create and maintain database in targetedschools.• Increase access to student counselingservice in primary and secondary schools• Train parents and community at large.• Establish resource centers for substanceabuse prevention in each district.• Develop and make available relevantmulti-cultural and multi-lingual substanceabuse prevention materials.• Disseminate current information onscientific research on varioussubstances abused in Belize.

• Increase counseling for parents.5. To legislate appropriate policies thataddress standard guidelines and practices fordealing with drug prevention and drug abuse.6. To strengthen partnership with the media,Public and private sectors to minimize theUse of licit and illicit substances.• Lobby for bill for businesses involved inthe production and sale of licit drugs toprovide a percent of their funds to promoteresistance and rehabilitation.• Lobby for abolition of shop liquorlicenses.• Lobby for drug-free policy and drug-freeschool zones.• Lobby for smoke-free public and workplaces.• Create education and training programs inwork places.• Conduct proactive and reactive awarenesscampaigns.• Identify new sources of funding forawareness campaigns.• Enforce Broadcasting Act that mandatesthe free airing of social issues.7. To develop and implement specializedprograms for staff and inmates ofcorrectional/rehabilitation institutions.• Train staff in correctional andrehabilitation methods.• Appoint and train full time parole officers.• Implement support and aftercare system.

6. LEGAL CONTEXTThe standards that control the supply and demand of drugs in the country of Belize arefound in several national laws, regulations and international conventions.Legislation pertinent to the regulation of the supply and demand of drugs are listedbelow. The laws have been amended in some instances to better address today’s mode of illegalactivities. Many of the acts stated below are recent and more sophisticated manifesting the needfor upgrading of human resources in the judicial system.• Intoxicating Liquor Licensing Act Cap 117 of July 27, 1878 provides for licenses thatcover the sale and consumption of alcohol. This act was amended in 1992 by Act No. 9 of1992 and Act No. 2 of 1995 to create separate licensing boards for San Pedro, Benque Viejodel Carmen and the village of Caye Caulker.• Firearms Act Cap 116 of December 1, 1913 of the Laws of Belize governs the licensing offirearms, the possession of firearms and firearms offenses. This Act ensured that people donot hold illegal firearms. It was amended by Act No. 13 of 1990, Act No. 26 of 1992, ActNo. 6 and No. 28 of 1994, Act No. 28 of 1998, and Act No. 44 of 1999.• Misuse of Drugs Act No. 22 of November 12, 1990 makes provision regarding dangerousor otherwise harmful drugs. It provides for the forfeiture of proceeds of drug traffickingassets. It further gives birth to the National Drug Abuse Control Council that works towardthe prevention of misuse of drugs. It was amended by Act No. 26 of 1992, Act No. 6 of1994, and Act No. 18 0f 1998.• Criminal Justice Act No. 26 of December 14, 1992 amends the Misuse of Drugs Act toprovide for mandatory custodial sentences for drug trafficking offenses. It also expands thedefinition of firearms.• The Criminal Justice Act No. 6 of May 30, 1994 amends the Misuse of Drugs Act and theFirearms Act to increase penalties for firearm offenses. It also amends Criminal Justice ActNo. 26 of 1992 where it deals with the Magistrate’s discretion to grant bail in all offensesexcept murder. It amends the Misuse of Drugs Act by strengthening the provisions regardingthe forfeiture of proceeds relating to drug trafficking.• Money Laundering (Prevention) Act of No. 12 of August 1, 1996 makes provisions for theprevention of money laundering and provides for penalties for persons found engaging inmoney laundering.• Money Laundering (Prevention) Regulations No. 6 of 1998 strengthens the MoneyLaundering (Prevention) Act of 1996 and places additional administrative duties andrequirements on the financial sector that go beyond the Money Laundering (Prevention) Actof 1996.

• Law Reform Miscellaneous Provisions Act No. 18 of 1998 amends the Misuse of DrugsAct by providing for a higher fine in the case of Summary convictions for drug trafficking. Italso amends the Firearms Act to strengthen the law on firearms and to prohibit the possessionof firearms with intent to cause unlawful violence.With these laws in place it is evident that Belize takes the fight against illicit drugs veryseriously. There is regulation of the supply of drugs and prohibition of certain categories ofdrugs that are classified as illegal. Certain non custodial sentences will also be imposed onpeople engaging in money laundering. The laws that exist also provide mandatory sentences fordrug trafficking.The multilateral conventions to which Belize is a party are the following:• Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961.• Protocol Amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.• United Nations Conventions against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and PsychotropicSubstances of 1988.• Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and trafficking inFirearms Ammunitions Explosives and Other Related Materials.The following are the bilateral conventions to which Belize is a party:• Agreement for the Control of Illicit Production and Traffic of Drugs with Annex ofApril 6, 1983.• Agreement amending the Agreement of April 6, 1983 of August 11, 1983.• Agreement amending the Agreement of April 6, 1983 of September 15, 1983.• Agreement amending the Agreement of April 6, 1983 of March 30, 1984.• Mutual Cooperation for Reducing Demand, Preventing Illicit Production andTrafficking of Drugs, February 9, 1989.• Agreement between the Government of Belize and the Government of the UnitedMexican States to Combat Illicit Drug Trafficking and Drug Consumption, 9 &19,February, 1990.• Agreement between the Governments of Belize and the Republic of Venezuela for thePrevention, Control, and Suppression of the Illicit Trafficking in and Use of NarcoticDrugs and Psychotropic Substances, January 15, 1991.• Agreement between the Government of Belize and the Government of the UnitedStates of America concerning Maritime Counter-Drugs Operations (ShipriderAgreement), December 23, 1992.• Agreement between the Government of United States of America and theGovernment of Belize for International Narcotics Control, 3 & 12, September, 1993.• Cooperation Agreement between the Government of Belize and the Government ofthe Republic of Cuba to Combat International Drug Trafficking, July 24, 1996.• Letter of agreement on Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement between theGovernment of the United States of America and the Government of Belize,September 22, 1999.

7. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKThe National Anti-Drug Strategy has been put together by the collaboration and input of allthe various sectors, agencies and organizations in Belize that are involved in the prevention,rehabilitation and control of drug consumption in Belize. These include the following:• NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE CONTROL COUNCIL• MINSTRY OF EDUCATION AND SPORTS• COUNCIL OF CHURCHES• MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT• MINISTRY OF FINANCE• REMAR• LE PATRIARCHE BELIZE• ATTORNEY GENERAL’S MINISTRY• MINISTRY OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND IMMIGRATION• NON-GOVERNEMNT ORGANIZATION• MINISTRY OF TRADE, COMMERCE & INDUSTRY• MINISTRY OF PUBLIC UTILITIES, TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION• MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES & COOPERATIVES• MINISTRY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & YOUTH• CENTRAL BANK OF BELIZE• MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS• MINISTRY OF HEALTH• PRIVATE SECTOR

8.FOLLOW-UP AND EVALUATIONIn accordance with the proposed Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) which isdeveloped by the member countries of CICAD of the OAS, the National Anti-Drug Strategy ofBelize adopts a comprehensive monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up mechanism.The following defines the context in which the monitoring and evaluation will be conductedand clearly outlines the processes involved.PHASES OF THE FOLLOW-UP & MONITORING PROCESS1. The Multi-sectoral Working Group (MWG) takes the lead up to the editing and printing ofthe National Anti-Drug Strategy for Belize. This process is scheduled to be completed byDecember 31, 1999.2. The lead agency that will coordinate the National Anti-Drug Strategy will be selected. It isenvisaged that NDACC with increased human resources including a project coordinator, anassistant project coordinator, a finance officer and a secretary will execute the project. Inaddition one person for each office of NDACC will need to be employed to coordinate at thedistrict level. The lead agency will serve as coordinating agency and will be responsible for thefollowing:• Access funding sources.• Assess and optimize the use of resources.• Formulate implementation schedule.• Monitor and review project progress and reports.• Arrange for technical assistance support.3. Determination of criteria for planning and programming of projects.4. Selection of Evaluation mechanism:• Formative Evaluation• Summative Evaluation5. Selection of the evaluation focus and the indicators.6. Selection of a Multi-sectoral Working Commission to provide oversight of implementation.Selection of the Evaluation Body that will be responsible for conducting quarterly reviews,annual evaluations and assessing year-to-year progress in meeting targets.MONITORING AND FOLLOW-UPThis will necessitate a continual process of collection and analysis of information about theexecution of a program. This will require a detailed implementation schedule and continuousverification of the stated indicators of achievement of specific activities. Periodic meetings ofkey players and stakeholders to determine whether projects are being implemented according to

plan as well as to take corrective measures if any needs to be taken.Execution Standard• Effective Administration of the following parameters of each phase of the project:• Quality• Time• Cost• Capacity Building• Verification of the effective use of resources and the efficient performance of executors ofeach phase of the project.EVALUATIONThe evaluation process will serve as an instrument to measure the gains for the purposeof reassigning resources and redirecting efforts. The periodic process of compilation and analysisof information on the efficacy, effectiveness and impact of some specific area of the project.The indicators that will be used to evaluate the projects are:• Percentage of attainment of objectives• Most effective strategies utilized• Impact and receptiveness• Standards of execution: organization, efficacy and efficiency• Evaluation of the management of time• Evaluation of the cost, budgets and the management of finances• Availability of resources and support materials• Summary of additional required needs• Number of persons trained• Number of persons using the available resources• Evaluation of expenditures versus budgets and expenditure target

MULTILATERAL EVALUATION MECHANISMINDICATORS ADOPTED BY THE NATIONALANTI-DRUG STRATEGY OF BELIZEEmbodied in the National Anti-Drug Strategy of Belize are specific indicators consistent withthe Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) to be employed by all signatories. Belizeconfirms to the indicators taken from the MEM outlined below.v Existence of a National Anti-Drug Strategyv Existence of a central coordinating authorityv Existence of a budget for the central coordinating authorityv Ratified international Conventionsv Existence of a national law in accordance with international conventionsv Existence of national system for the collection of statistics and documentsv Existence of a national demand reduction strategyv Existence of prevention programs that target key populationsv Existence of guidelines on minimum standards of care for drug treatmentv Existence of drug treatment and rehabilitation programsv Existence of specialized training in drug abuse prevention/treatmentv Existence of research on prevention and drug usev Average age of first use of any illicit drugv Existence of studies to evaluate treatment and rehabilitation programsv Area under cultivation and potential production capacityv No. of plants seized from indoor cultivation and potential production capacityv Hectares eradicated, abandoned or otherwise removed from illicit cultivationv New areas of illicit cultivationv Existence of body for control/prevention of diversion of pharmaceuticals/chems.v Existence of a system to estimate legitimate annual needs of pharmaceut/chemsv Existence of mechanism to regulate professions related to pharmaceutical usev Existence of mechanism for information exchange among national authoritiesv Existence of centralized agency for information exchange between countriesv Legislation to sanction the diversion of pharmaceuticals/controlled chem.subst.v No. of requests made for cooperation based on international agreementsv Existence of agencies specifically responsible for eliminating drug traffickingv Existence of mechanism for information exchange among national authoritiesv Existence of centralized agency for information exchange between countriesv Number of drug seizure operations and quantities of drugs seizedv Number of persons arrested for drug traffickingv No. of persons charged for drug trafficking relative to no. of arrests

v No. of persons convicted for drug trafficking relative to no. chargedv Number of requests made for international cooperation to investigate traffickingv Existence of regulation that criminalize the illicit manufacture of firearmsv No. of person charged and convicted for illicit manufacturing of firearmsv No. of seizure operations of firearms, ammunition etc.v Existence of legislation that criminalizes money launderingv Existence in legislation of provisions for freezing/seizure of assetsv Existence of central agency for information exchange (national + international)v Existence of laws requiring the reporting of suspicious transactionsv Existence of mechanism for management of assets from drug traffickingv Number of persons arrested for money launderingv Number of persons charged relative to persons arrested for money launderingv Number or persons convicted relative to persons charged for money launderingv Number of sanctions for failing to report suspicious transactionsv Number of requests for cooperation to investigate/prosecute money laundering

9. MANAGEMENT AND FINANCINGMANAGEMENTAn NDACC Project Unit comprised of a Project Director, an Assistant ProjectorDirector, a Financial Administrator and secretarial and administrative support services willmanage the project. This centralization of a multi-sectoral at NDACC will ensure that thestrategy in all its facets is treated as a single demand and supply reduction package. No one areawill be emphasized more than the other.The main functions of the NDACC Project Unit are:• Access funding sources.• Assess and optimize the use of resource inputs.• Act as a coordinating agency that leads the strategy implementation.Implementation CommitteeThe NDACC Project Unit will be assisted by an Implementation Committee consisting ofa representative from each implementing agency that comprise the National Systems for DrugDemand and Supply Reduction (see Organization Chart).The Implementation Committee may convene meetings with representatives from one or more ofsystems at any given time for the purposes of:• Developing implementation schedules.• Reporting on project progress.• Requisitioning of project resources.• Providing guidance to NDACC Project Unit.Evaluation CommitteeThe Evaluation Committee will be responsible for conducting quarterly reviews, biannualand annual evaluations assessing year-to-year progress in meeting pre-determined targets.FINANCINGThe total cost of implementing the National Strategy as is set out in preceeding sectionsof this document is estimated to be Bze$44 M or US$ 22M over a period of five years. Thebreakdown of the cost by project components is summarized in the Consolidated Budget.The National Anti-Drug Strategy represents an extension of activities presently beingundertaken by government agencies and non-governmental organizations. The Government ofBelize is committed to at least maintaining its current level of funding. Current drug controlactivities funded by the government of Belize is estimated at about 30% of the cost ofimplementing the national strategy.

BASIS OF COST ESTIMATESThe financing requirement of the National Anti-Drug Strategy is based on severalcategories of expenditure. These include Civil Works for the construction and rehabilitation ofTreatment Centers, the procurement of Equipment and vehicles, Technical Assistance andTraining, the establishment of New Operations and projects and the expansion of existing ones.Belize is committed to providing 30% of the cost implementing the strategy as well asensuring that recurrent cost obligations attributable to the strategy are adequately met andsustained. Belize will seek external funding for the remaining 70% of the cost.PROCUREMENTThe procurement arrangement for the project will be based on competitive biddingprocedures and open to the participation of foreign bidders on large value items.NDACC PROJECT UNIT'S FINANCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONSThe NDACC Project Unit will:• Liaison with Regional and International Funding Agencies, Counterparts, ImplementingAgencies and the Ministry of Finance.• Assess and optimize the use of resource inputs.• Maintain accurate financial operations and accounts.• Ensure that accounts are subjected to an independent audit annually.The NDACC with the assistance of CICAD will convene a consultative group (table) ofdonors to examine the project proposals contained in this document. It is expected that theproject would be co-financed by several external sources with each contributor identifying theirarea of preferred interest and emphasis.

10. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: RESEARCH & DIAGNOSISPROJECTSGEOGRAPHICCOVERAGEVERIFIABLEINDICATORSRESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONSBUDGETNational External TOTAL1. Creation of a drugInformationSystem.2. Creation of anR&D Center.NationwideReadily available drugrelated data regarding:1. Number andinstitutions involvedin supply reduction2. Number ofinstitutions involvedin demand reduction3. Consumption ratesby:‣ Sex‣ Age‣ Type of drug‣ District4. Efficacy ofprogramsimplemented byeach strategic area.(NDACC), Ministry ofNational Security &Immigration$2 ½Million$ 5Million$ 7 ½50

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: TREATMENT & REHABILITATIONPROJECTS1 Establishemergencytreatmentservices in allregionalhospitals (4).GEOGRAPHICCOVERAGE• RegionalHospitalsVERFIABLEINDICATORS• 4 RegionalHospital provideemergencytreatment service• Quality of service• Range of serviceRESPONSIBLEBUDGETINSTITUTIONS NATIONAL EXTERNAL ANNUAL TL• Ministry of $1,500. $3,500. $5,000.00Health(NDACC)$25,000.Link: NDACCOver 5 yearsUCB2 Strengtheningalready existenttreatmentcenters.• South, West,Central• Increased numberof client and anadequateproprotion.• Non GovernmentOrganizations$240,000 $560.000. $800,000. PA3 Establish anationaltreatmentfacility withoutpatient unit.• National • Increased numberof local clients(not less than ½)total capacity.• Drug & AlcoholAbusersaccessingtreatment.• Ministry of NationalSecurity /NDACCNGO’s, PrivateSector$102,000. $238,000.Intl$340,000.C/Erecurrent perannum$330,000. $770,000. $1.1 M51

PROJECTS4. Establishminimumstandards fortreatment andrehabilitation.GEOGRAPHICCOVERAGE• NationalVERFIABLEINDICATORS• Appropriatelegislation ofsubsidiaryregulations.RESPONSIBLEBUDGETINSTITUTIONS NATIONAL EXTERNAL ANNUAL TL• Ministry of National 6,000.00 14,000.00 20,000.00Security / NDACCMulti-Sectoral/Committee CICAD5. Establish facilitiesto support reintegrationintosociety.• National• Establishment ofContinuing carefacilities (e.g.half-way houses)• Increased numberof recoveringaddicts (drugs &alcohol)• Ministry of NationalSecurity / NDACCMulti-SectoralCommittee36,000.0045,00.001,500.0084,000.00105,000.003,500.00120,000.00P/A150,000.00AnnuallyRecurrent costT/S 5,000.006. EmpowerNDACC toperform a QualityAssuranceFunction (monitor,train, accredit)• National• Inspectionteams/system.• Cadre of trainersof Trainers.• Ministry of NationalSecurity / NDACC10,500.0024,500.00S/C 35,000.007. Strengthen andpromote publicawareness oftreatment andrehabilitation• National• More informedpopulation hencegreater support.• Visiblecampaigns.• Ministry of NationalSecurity / NDACC12,000.0028,000.0040,000.00 P/AGRAND TOTAL ANNUALLY-$ 2,640,000.00OVER 5 YEARS-$ 13,200,000.0052

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: LAW ENFORCEMENTPROJECTS1. Multi agenciesLawEnforcementOperationalCoordinationGEOGRAPHICCOVERAGE• NationalVERIFIABLEINDICATORS• Accuracy of theIntelligence• Number of JointOperations• Tasking and ExecutionProgramRESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• Ministry of NationalSecurityBUDGETNational External TOTAL Z$$90,000. $210,000. $300,000.2. CounterNarcoticOperations• National andInternational• Seizure level• Eradication level• Number of arrests andsuccessful prosecutions• Level ofCompliance withInternational standard• Ministry of NationalSecurity3,019,6057,045,74510,065,3503. Intelligencegathering andanalysis• National,Regional andinternational• Operational successNationally, Regionallyand Internationally• Ministry of NationalSecurity146,040340,760486,80053

4. RegionalOperationalCommand center5. LawEnforcementDrug preventioncampaign.• National andRegional• National andInternational• ReciprocatingIntelligence andInformation sharing• Intelligence drivenmultinationaloperations• Number Seminarsheld• Number ofparticipantssensitized• Amount of mediacoverage• Number ofparticipatingschool-primary.• Ministry ofNational Security• Ministry ofNational Securityand NDACC300,000185,775700,000433,4751,000,000619,2506. Creation of achemicalcontrolcompetentauthority.• National• The interception ofchemicalbeing diverted• Number of seizure andinterdiction ofpercentage of localconsumption ofchemical for illegaluse.• Ministry ofHealth/Ministry ofAgriculture.21,757.5050,767.5072,52554

7. Enforcement ofthe MoneyLaundering Act•National• Number of casesreported• Ministry of NationalSecurity /Ministry ofFinance8. SpecializedTraining-LawEnforcement andthe Administrationof Justice• National• Number of personstrained and certified• Ministry of NationalSecurity9. Strengthening ofthe ForensicLaboratory andPathology clinic• National /Regional• Amount of narcoticsanalyze• Quantity of drugsdestroyed• Number of firearmsand ammunitionidentified• No of personstrained and certified• No of drug relatedpost mortems• No of crime scenesexamined• Ministry of NationalSecurity205,5001,200,000479,5002,800,000685,0004,000,000TOTAL BZ$5,168,671.5 NATIONALBZ$12,060,247.5 EXTERNAL BZ$17,228,92555

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONPROJECTS GEOGRAPHIC VERIFIABLEINDICATORS• Integrate drug • Nationalabuseprevention andcontrol contentandmethodologyinto thecurriculum atsecondarylevel• Annualpreventionprograms informalEducationSystem withteachers,psychologists,students,parents,principals,advisors.• National• 31 secondary schools,11,000 school childrenbenefiting from drugabuse preventioninfusion classes.• All secondary schoolteachers training ininfusion of Drug Abuseprevention. Issues in allclassroom interactions.• A cadre of trainedcounselors per school.• A quick responsereferral system networkoperational.RESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• MOE/QADS• Link: BAPS,MNSI/NDACC,MOH/HECOPAB,MNSI/Police,UniversityBUDGETNational External TOTAL181,200 422,800 604,000$10,000. $20,000. $30,000.00GRAND TOTAL BZ $ 634,000.0056

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONSTRENGTHEN CAPACITY OF NDACC AS LEAD AGENCYPROJECTS GEOGRAPHIC VERIFIABLEINDICATORS• Strengthen thecapacity ofNDACC as alead agency inthe preventionand control ofdrug abuse.• National • NDACC is properlyequipped, staffed andfunctioning effectively.• At least 1 coordinatorper district.• Well-equipped districtoffice and resourcescenter.• One vehicle per district.RESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• NDACC Nationallevel acting as thecoordinator andsecretariat forPrevention &Education – bututilizing a multisectorplaning &implementationapproach.BUDGETNational External TOTAL$1.4 M $2.66 M $4.06 MGRAND TOTAL BZ $ 4.06M57

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONSTRENGTHEN PARTNERSHIP WITH MEDIA, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORSPROJECTS• Strengthenpartnershipwith media,public andprivate sectorto promotedrug abusepreventionprograms andcampaigns.GEOGRAPHICCOVERAGEVERIFIABLEINDICATORS• National • Increase in preventionactivities• Enforcement of therevised BroadcastingAct.• Networking oforganizations• Operating employeeassistance programs• Increase number ofproactive campaigns (atleast 1/4 per annum).RESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• NDACC• Ministry ofBroadcasting• Chamber ofCommerce• Better BusinessBureau• NGO'S• Private Sector• Banks• Forensic (Min. ofNat. Security)BUDGETNational External TOTAL60,000.00 140,000.00 200,000GRAND TOTAL BZ $ 200,00058

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONCREATING LEGAL FRAMEWORKPROJECTS• Create theappropriateenabling LegalFramework fordrug abuseprevention.GEOGRAPHICCOVERAGEVERIFIABLEINDICATORS• National • Passage of bill throughlegislative system (Act).RESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• MNSI/NDACCAdvisory Council• Link: NCFC, NGO'SMHD, CHURCHBUDGETNational External TOTAL$100,008. $210,252. $310,260.GRAND TOTAL BZ$ 310,260.59

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONEDUCATION / AWARENESSPROJECTS• Integrate drugabuseprevention andcontrol contentandmethodologyinto thecurriculum ofthe upperdivision ofprimary.GEOGRAPHICCOVERAGEVERIFIABLEINDICATORS• National • Primary schools (upperdivision)• Approximately 280schools.RESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• MOE/QADS• Link BUPPA (BelizeUrban PrimaryPrincipalsAssociation)MNSI/NDACC• MOH/HECOPABMNSI/POLICEUNIVERSITY OFBELIZEBUDGETNational External TOTAL$321,900. $751,100. $1,073,000GRAND TOTAL BZ $ 1,073,000.60

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONPARTNERSHIP WITH PARENTS AND COMMUNITYPROJECTS GEOGRAPIC VERIFIABLEINDICATORS• Implement apartnershipwith parentsandcommunityleaders ofhigh-riskcommunitiesto combat drugabuse.• Countrywidetargeting highriskcommunitiesin the firstinstance• Number of parents andother communitymembers active inleadership role and drugprevention• Number of activitiesheld as a result oftraining• Decrease in number ofillicit drug activities.RESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• Ministry of HumanDevelopment(COMPAR)• Linkages: NDACC,PTA, school boards,church groups,women'sorganization, BFLA,NOPCA ETC.LIONSBUDGETNational External TOTAL$81,600. $190,400. $272,000.GRAND TOTAL BZ $ 272,000.62

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONPROJECTS GEOGRAPHIC VERIFIABLEINDICATORS• Outreachprogram forstreet childrenand out ofschool youths.• National /urban areasGRAND TOTAL BZ $ 2.6 M• # street children• # out of school youthRESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• Family services• Link NDACC/MNSI,MOE, SHAPES• MOH, HECOPAB• Police/MNSI• Relevant NGO'S• CET• Other• Vocation/technicalunitBUDGETNational External TOTAL$780,000. $1,820,000. $2.6 M63

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION MATRIXSTRATEGIC AREA: PREVENTION AND EDUCATIONIMPLEMENTATION OF SAP (STUDENTS' ASSISTANCE PROGRAM)PROJECTS GEOGRAPHIC VERIFIABLEINDICATORS• Conductnational drugprevalencesurveysamong schoolchildren andyouths.• ImplementStudentAssistanceProgram.(SAP)RESPONSIBLEINSTITUTIONS• National SAP operational. • NDACC• CSO, MOE,NADCC, MHD,Lions (steeringcommitteecomprising ofministries &organizationsinvolved)• Ministry ofEducation/SHAPESBUDGETNational External TOTAL$360,000. $840,000. $1.2 MGRAND TOTAL BZ $ 1.2 MTOTAL PREVENTION & EDUCATION PROJETS $BZ 10,349,26064

CONSOLIDATED PROJECTS AND PROGRAMSOF THE NATIONAL PLANSYSTEM PROJECT COSTRESEARCH & DIAGNOSIS1. CREATION OF A DRUG INFO SYSTEM$7,500,0002. CREATION OF A R & D CENTERTREATMENT & REHABILITATIONLAW ENFORCEMENT1. ESTABLISHMENT OF EMERGENCYTREATMENT SERVICES IN REGIONALHOSPITALS2. STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING TREATMENTCENTERS3. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONALTREATMENT FACILITY4. ESTABLISHMENT OF MINIMUM STANDARDSFOR TREATMENT & REHAB5. FACILITIES FOR REINTEGRATIONEMPOWERMENT OF NDACC TO PERFORMQUALITY ASSURANCE7. PROMOTION OF AWARENESS OF T & R1. MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION2. COUNTERNARCOTIC OPERATIONS3. INTELLIGENCE GATHERING & ANALYSIS4. REGIONAL OPERATION COMMAND CENTER5. DRUG PREVENTION CAMPAIGN6. CREATION OF CHEMICAL AUTHORITYENFORCEMENT OF MONEY LAUNDERINGACTTRAINING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND25,0004,000,0001,700,00020,000600,00035,000200,000300,00010,065,350486,8001,000,000619,00075,525155,15065

PREVENTION & EDUCATIONADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE9. STRENGTHENING OF FORENSIC LAB1. INTEGRATION OF DRUG EDUCATIONSECONDARY CURRICULUM2. PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN FORMAL ED.3. STRENGTHENING OF NDACC4. PROMOTION OF DRUG AWARENESS5. CREATION OF LEGISLATION FOR DRUGABUSE PREVENTION6. INTEGRATION OF DRUG EDUCATION INPRIMARY CURRICULUM7. PARTNERSHIP TO COMBAT DRUG ABUSE8. OUTREACH PROGRAM FOR STREETCHILDREN9. CONDUCT NATIONAL DRUG PREVALENCESURVEY685,0004,000,000604,00030,0004,060,000200,000310,2601,073,000272,0002,600,0001,200.000TOTAL: $41,816,08566