wmd and hazardous materials response and decontamination

RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATIONRes.B2b 3.2.8Res.B2b 3.4.7.6Res.B2b 3.2.6.3Res.B2b 3.4.7.7Performance MeasuresCoordinate resource management of hazmat equipment, supplies, and personnelRequest decontamination technical assistance resourcesCoordinate with safety officer to brief hazmat branch/group personnel on-site-specificoccupational safety and health issues involving hazmat/WMD releasesIssue instructions for self-decontamination, where appropriate, expedient and possibleNumber of loss-time injuries (per deployment) of WMD/hazmatResponse and Decontamination personnel during rescue effortsTime in which tactical plan is developed, based on the incident actionplan (IAP), and for implementation by the State, region, and/or localWMD/hazmat Response and DecontaminationMetric364 Target Capabilities List

Activity: Identify the HazardDefinition: Upon arriving on scene, begin to assess site, sample, identify, and characterizeWMD/hazmat and contamination situation, conduct hazard analysis to determine potentialconsequence and risk, develop plans for safety and hazmat/decontamination operations, and setup hazmat zones.Critical TasksRes.B2b 5.1.1Res.B2b 5.1Res.B2b 5.2Res.B2b 5.2.1Res.B2b 5.5.3Res.B2b 5.2.2Res.B2b 5.2.3Res.B2b 5.2.3.1Res.B2b 5.5.2Res.B2b 5.5Res.B2b 5.3Res.B2b 5.4Performance MeasuresNotify law enforcement for guidance on collection and management of evidence from potentialcrime scenesInitiate hazmat responseSurvey the incident sceneIdentify hazmat and the extent/scope of the incidentAnalyze weather forecast to conduct hazard zone predictionConduct contamination surveysAssess hazmat release situationConduct oil and hazmat assessmentMonitor movement of hazardous releases and formulate predictions on dispersion andcharacteristics over timeCharacterize consequences and riskIdentify and establish perimeter and hazmat zones (hot, warm, cold)Conduct ongoing assessments and predictionsTime in which area is isolated and public access is controlledTime in which hazardous materials or category involved areidentifiedActivity: Assess Hazard and Evaluate RiskMetricWithin 15 minutes from arrival on sceneWithin 30 minutes from arrival on sceneDefinition: Assess the hazards present, evaluate the level of risk to both responders and thepublic, and develop and Incident Action Plan (IAP) to address the response problemCritical TasksRes.B2b 5.5.1Res.B2b 5.5.1.1Res.B2b 5.5.1.2Res.B2b 5.5.1.3Res.B2b 5.5.2Collect, prioritize, and manage data and information from all sourcesDevelop incident monitoring and sampling strategy based upon a realistic assessment ofoperational hazardsConduct sampling operationsIdentify, classify, and verify suspected non-biological WMD/hazmat samples through the use ofat least two (preferably three) different instrument technologiesUse plume dispersion models and other analytical tools to generate ongoing WMD/hazmatdispersion assessmentsTarget Capabilities List 365RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION

RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATIONRes.B2b 5.5Res.B2b 3.2.5.1Res.B2b 5.3Res.B2b 5.3.1Res.B2b 5.3.2Res.B2b 5.3.3Res.B2b 5.4Performance MeasuresImplement risk evaluation process that adequately addresses the risk of various actions to bothresponders and the publicDevelop and implement an Incident Action Plan (IAP) specific to WMD/hazmat issues basedupon the risk evaluation processEstablish and identify visually an isolation perimeter (outer perimeter) to isolate the area anddeny entryEstablish a hot zone (inner perimeter) to identify high hazard area(s) where responders willoperateEstablish other hazard control zones, based upon scope and nature of the eventMake offensive or defensive reconnaissance operations, as necessary, to gather intelligence onthe situationConduct ongoing assessments and predictionsTime in which preliminary estimate of number of victims exposedto toxic/hazardous material and source identification is obtainedTime in which the at-risk population is identified and protectiveaction recommendations are madeTime in which the WMD/hazmat elements of the overall IAP aredevelopedActivity: Conduct Rescue OperationsMetricWithin 2 hours from arrival on sceneWithin 1 hour from arrival on sceneWithin 1 hour from arrival on sceneDefinition: Once on-scene and equipped with protective and response equipment, implementrescue operations.Critical TasksRes.B2b 6.1Res.B2b 6.1.1Res.B2b 6.2Res.B2b 6.2.1Res.B2b 6.2.2Res.B2b 6.3Res.B2b 6.3.1Res.B2b 6.3.2Res.B2b 6.3.3Performance MeasuresDetermine the nature and priority of rescue operations and the numbers involvedIdentify personnel and equipment requirements to initiate rescue operationsImplement safe and effective tactics to accomplish rescue operation objectivesExtricate and rescue victims within the hot zoneCoordinate rescue efforts with law enforcement to ensure safety of rescuersImplement secondary public protective actions (PPAs)Identify personnel and equipment requirements to initiate product/agent control operationsImplement safe and effective tactics to accomplish product/agent control objectivesImplement safe and effective tactics to support product/agent control objectivesTime in which contaminated victims are rescued fromcontaminated areaMetricWithin 2 hours from arrival on scene366 Target Capabilities List

Activity: Conduct Mitigation ActivitiesDefinition: Once on scene and equipped with protective and response equipment, implementoperations plan to minimize contamination.Critical TasksRes.B2b 7.1.3Res.B2b 7.1.1Res.B2b 7.1.2Res.B2b 7.1Res.B2b 7.2Performance MeasuresIdentify appropriate PPE based on suspected hazardous materialCoordinate with safety officer to monitor responders for exposure to hazmatCoordinate with safety officer to monitor and control the operating time of rescuers assigned tothe hot zone to minimize rescuer exposureSecure the contamination source and affected areasMonitor and track compliance with containment requirementsTime in which implementation of initial action plan andobjectives is initiatedTime in which hazmat/WMD contamination is containedMetricWithin 4 hours from arrival on sceneWithin 12 hours from arrival on sceneActivity: Conduct Decontamination and Clean-up /Recovery OperationsDefinition: Upon arrival on scene and with the requisite equipment, initiate response operationsto reduce the level of on-scene contamination, minimize the potential for secondarycontamination beyond the incident scene, and ensure an effective transition to clean-up andrecovery operations.Critical TasksRes.B2b 8.1Res.B2b 8.2Res.B2b 8.4.5Res.B2b 8.4.6Res.B2b 8.3.1Res.B2b 8.4.1Res.B2b 8.4Res.B2b 8.4.2Res.B2b 8.4.7Res.B2b 8.4.7.1Res.B2b 8.4.8Res.B2b 8.4.9Identify assets required for decontamination activitiesIdentify the type of contaminants, nature of response operations, and the required type/level ofdecontamination operationsImplement plans, procedures, and protocols to ensure on-site individual gross decontaminationof persons and household pets affected by the incidentProvide a means to allow medical treatment facilities and shelter managers to readily identifypeople who have received gross decontaminationEstablish decontamination sites for victimsScreen affected personsImplement emergency decontamination operationsDecontaminate victims exposed to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive(CBRNE) materialsImplement technical decontamination operations for injured, contaminated victimsImplement technical decontamination of human remainsImplement technical decontamination operations in support of WMD/hazmat entry andresponse activitiesImplement decontamination operations to address incident-specific scenarios and requirementsTarget Capabilities List 367RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION

RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATIONRes.B2b 8.4.9.1Res.B2b 8.5.1Res.B2b 9.2.3Res.B2b 9.2.2Res.B2b 9.2.4Res.B2b 9.2Res.B2b 9.4.1Res.B2b 9.4.2Performance MeasuresDecontaminate pets, if resources are availableCoordinate livestock decontaminationMonitor clean areas within the contamination control lineMonitor the exit points for hazmat contaminate movement outside the isolation zoneCoordinate with environmental authorities to ensure the appropriate decontamination areaclean-up and disposal of waste materialsDecontaminate affected facilities and equipment used for technical decontaminationPerform clean-up operationsImplement hazmat disposal planVictims are provided maximum amount of privacy within site andsituational constraintsPercent of victims provided clothing, blankets, and protection from theelements as neededTime in which technical decontamination of first responders on-site isperformed (depending on substance)Time in which technical decontamination of off-site victims (e.g., athospitals and designated decontamination stations) is performed(depending on substance)Time in which technical decontamination of household pets off-site (e.g.,at designated decontamination stations) is performed (depending onsubstance)Time in which technical decontamination of human remains is performedTime in which technical decontamination of facilities and equipment isperformedMetricYes/No368 Target Capabilities List100%Within 2 hours from end of workperiodWithin 2 hours from arrivalWithin 2 hours from arrivalActivity: Demobilize WMD and Hazmat Response and DecontaminationWithin 24 hours from end of workperiodWithin 24 hours from end of workperiodDefinition: Upon completion of response phase transition to recovery operations, inventoryequipment, complete paperwork, pursue rehabilitation, and conduct post-event analysis (e.g.,lessons learned) in accordance with incident demobilization plan.Critical TasksRes.B2b 10.1.1Res.B2b 10.1.2Res.B2b 10.1Res.B2b 10.2Res.B2b 10.3Res.B2b 10.4.1Transfer command for emergency response phase to authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) forpost-emergency clean-up and recovery operationsWork through IC/UC to ensure that incident-specific evidence collection and investigationprotocols are clearly understood and communicated to all respondersInventory WMD/hazmat equipment cache and restore to serviceDemobilize WMD/hazmat base of operationsArrange transportation for demobilized WMD/hazmat personnel and equipmentImplement a formal post-incident analysis process (based upon local procedures)

Res.B2b 10.4Res.B2b 10.4.2Performance MeasuresDebrief WMD/hazmat capability personnelConduct and incident critique for incident respondersTime in which equipment cache is re-inventoried and packaged fortransportTime in which base of operations is returned to original conditionsPercent of WMD/hazmat Response and Decontamination task forcedebriefedLinked CapabilitiesLinked CapabilityOn-Site IncidentManagementEmergency PublicSafety and SecurityResponseFire IncidentResponse SupportEnvironmental HealthCitizen Evacuationand Shelter-In-PlaceEmergency Triage andPre-HospitalTreatmentFatality ManagementLaboratory TestingMetricWithin 12 hours from start ofdemobilization processWithin 12 hours from start ofdemobilization processTarget Capabilities List 369100%RelationshipWMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination integrates itself into the local IncidentCommand/Unified Command system.WMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination relies upon Emergency Public Safetyand Security Response assistance to secure WMD/hazmat and decontamination sites,safely divert public from the area, and to provide security support for the WMD/hazmatand decontamination base of operations.WMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination coordinates with Fire IncidentResponse Support to decontaminate on-site victims and coordinates with hazmat ontactics to monitor and minimize release of hazardous materials during firefightingoperations.WMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination relies upon Environmental Health tomonitor environmental public safety from decontamination and other hazmat responseoperations.WMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination relies upon Citizen Evacuationassistance to help plan for and implement the protective actions recommended by the ICin consultation with the WMD/hazmat team to both protect and decontaminate evacuees.WMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination relies upon Emergency Triage andPre-Hospital Treatment to transfer care of victims that have been decontaminated fromWMD/hazmat.WMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination notifies Fatality Management oflocation of decontaminated remains encountered from WMD/hazmat exposure.WMD and Hazmat Response and Decontamination provides Laboratory and Testing withsamples for testing.RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION

RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATIONLinkedCapabilitiesOn-Site IncidentManagementEmergencyPublic Safety andSecurity ResponseFire IncidentResponse SupportEnvironmentalHealthCitizen EvacuationandShelter-In-PlaceEmergencyTriage and Pre-HospitalTreatmentFatalityManagementLaboratoryTestingRelationshipProvide sitrepsProvide perimeter,force protection, andtraffic/crowd controlCoordinate todecontaminate victims andmonitor/minimize release ofhazardous materialsEnvironment monitoredReceive PARProvide PADAssess and treat victimsDecontaminatedremains transferredProvide samplesCapability Activity Process FlowStart: Indicationof hazmatincidentDirect WMD/HazardousMaterialsResponse andDecontaminationTactical OperationsPlanningLogisticsComm.ManageCoordinateSuperviseSafetyResourceRequestsWMD/Hazardous Materials Responseand Decontamination CapabilityDispatch unit(s)Zones establishedIssue PAD/PARsMitigate contaminantResponders andequipment readyfor decontaminationConduct MitigationActivitiesConduct medical assessmentTransfer environment and equipmentdecontamination to recoveryActivate WMD/HazardousMaterialsResponse andDecontaminationIdentify theHazardAssess Hazardand Evaluate RiskReady to beginonsite evaluationHazard identifiedReady to beginonsite operationsConduct RescueOperationsConductDecontaminationand Clean-Up/RecoveryOperationsDemobilize WMD/HazardousMaterialsResponse andDecontaminationVictims ready fordecontaminationDecontaminationcompletedEnd: Hazmat resourcesreturned to normaloperations370 Target Capabilities List

Resource Element DescriptionResource ElementsType III Hazmat Entry TeamType II Hazmat Entry TeamType I Hazmat Entry Team(extrication)Type I Hazmat Entry Team(decontamination)EPA Radiological EmergencyResponse Team (RERT)Federal Radiological Monitoringand Assessment Center(FRMAC)Hazmat Information/ResearchGroup/TeamHazmat Medical Group/TeamHazmat Resources Group/TeamHazmat Liaison OfficerHazmat SpecialistsPlanning AssumptionsPer NIMSPer NIMSComponents and DescriptionPer NIMS, with capabilities for extricationPer NIMS, with capabilities for decontaminationThe (RERT), based in EPA's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air and regionaloffices, responds to emergencies involving releases of radioactive materials byproviding environmental measurement and guidance activities; monitoring,sampling, and laboratory activities; and providing State and local authoritieswith advice on protecting local residents from exposure to harmful radiationlevels.The Department of Energy (DOE) FRMAC coordinates Federal radiologicalmonitoring and assessment activities with those of State and local agencies.Reference/research function performs the compiling and interpretation oftechnical information related to products, agents, containers, excreta andprovides relevant information to the hazmat Branch Director or GroupSupervisor.Part of the logistics section for the provision of medical services for responsepersonnelThe "resources group" technically would be within the planning section and betermed the resources unit and would reside outside of the hazmat structure.Resources on the scene would be assigned to the staging area manager.Single resources that will be assigned as needed and defined in29CFR1910.120• Although applicable to several of the 15 National Planning Scenarios, the capability planning factorswere developed from an in-depth analysis of the Toxic Industrial Chemical scenario. Other scenarioswere reviewed to identify required adjustments or additions to the planning factors and nationaltargets.• This capability applies to a wide range of incidents and emergencies, including those caused by animprovised nuclear device, aerosol anthrax, a blister agent, a nerve agent, and a radiological dispersaldevice. Additional measures and metrics need to be developed for a nuclear incident.• If decontamination is ongoing during the early stages of a catastrophic incident, persons undergoingdecontamination will have logistical, medical, and mental health needs that will need to be addressedquickly.Target Capabilities List 371RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION

RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION• Decontamination priorities will be set up using the following priorities, in order of importance: lifesafety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.• All fires are extinguished in 4-day response phase.• Water-based oil release may extend beyond the 96-hour limit. Assets will be on scene, butcontainment operations may not be able to begin immediately on arrival.• Three operational response areas: port, refinery, and downwind• The response phase is 96 hours.• Local response time: 0–2 hours• Regional response time: 2–12 hours• State response time: 12–24 hours• Federal response time: 24+ hours• “Zero hour” (incident clock) = time incident occurred• Unconstrained need: consider all assets required for response, do not factor response time or assetavailability into planning.• Planning factors are based on scenario and planning assumptions for a level III hazardous materials(hazmat) incident, where there are 1,000 injuries, 350 deaths, 25,000 sheltered, 10,000 evacuated, and100,000 self-evacuated. About half of equipment and facilities are damaged (of three refineries). Twoships sank, the port was damaged near improvised explosive device (IED) sites, and property wasdamaged in the downwind area.• A significant number of individuals exposed to a plume cloud or contaminant agent will flee thescene before first responders arrive. It may prove difficult to determine which of those individualsrequire decontamination, and to ensure such individuals present themselves for decontamination.• The United States has approximately 64 nuclear stations supported by the Radiological EmergencyPreparedness Program (REPP). No less than 30 REPP response teams should be able to respond to an“improvised nuclear device” scenario within 24 hours.• Quantity of resources is achievable through mutual aid.• Each jurisdiction is expected to sponsor and support community emergency response teams (CERTs).• The projected effects of contamination resulting from a catastrophic incident are generally based onan estimated population density of 2,000 people per square mile, but may increase for major urbanareas.• Large-gathering situations (e.g. National Security special events, sporting events, conventions, etc.)create higher localized population densities.• Biological agents typically have delayed symptoms. As such there will rarely be an on-site incidentrequiring response when a biological agent is released.• Health care facilities are the most likely locations for managing a biological incident.• Secondary contamination will be a major concern. Hospital emergency rooms may close if patientsare admitted without proper decontamination. Other secondary contamination issues include controlof runoff of fluids used in decontamination, and the handling of contaminated clothing and personaleffects. In addition, the secondary contamination of first responders, even those wearing personalprotective equipment, can occur during the removal of patients from a hazardous area, during theperformance of basic life support functions, or when initial responders are unaware that a hazardousmaterial is involved.• The psychological dimensions of being exposed to a contaminant, and subsequent decontaminationmay present social management challenges and concerns. Of greatest concern are the short- andlong-term psychological consequences resulting from actual exposure to chemical, biological, andradiological substances, and which subsequently produce negative health effects. Short-term stresssymptoms may be a prelude to long-term, debilitating, post-traumatic stress disorder.372 Target Capabilities List

Planning Factors from an In-Depth Analysis of a Scenario with SignificantDemand for the Capability (Toxic Industrial Chemical)ResourceOrganizationType 1 Hazmat EntryTeam (extrication)Type 1 hazmat EntryTeam(decontamination)EPA RadiologicalEmergency ResponseTeam (RERT)Federal RadiologicalMonitoring andAssessment Center(FRMAC)HazmatInformation/ResearchGroup/TeamHazmat MedicalGroup/TeamHazmat ResourcesGroup/TeamHazmat Liaison OfficerHazmat SpecialistsEstimatedCapacityCan conduct:3 victim extricationsper hour per team12 victimextrications over a4-hour period perteamCan conduct:10 victimsdecontaminated/ perhour per team (5-man team)40 victimsdecontaminated perteam in a 4-hourrescue phasePhase I CMRTPhase II CMRT1 team per 12-hourshift for all responseareas1 team per 12-hourshift per responsearea1 team per 12-hourshift per responsearea1 officer per 12-hourshift per responsearea1 specialist perresponse area per12-hour shiftScenario RequirementValues1,000 injuries (downwind area)350 deaths2 response areas: port anddownwind. Note: cannot respondin level A in a fire environment(this excludes refinery responsearea).4-hour rescue phase1,000 injuries (downwind area)350 deathsTwo response areas: port anddownwind. Note: cannot respondin level A in a fire environment(excludes refinery response area).4-hour rescue phase4-hour readiness posture (6-10hour response time)Up to 500 members, round-theclockoperations capacity, 24-36hour response time2-hour call-up (working hours), 4-hour call-up (non-working hours)96-hour response phase (8 shifts)96-hour response phase (8 shifts)2 response areas: port anddownwind96-hour response phase (8 shifts)2 response areas: port anddownwind96-hour response phase (8 shifts)2 response areas: port anddownwind96-hour response phase (8 shifts)2 response areas: port anddownwindQuantity ofResources NeededType 1 hazmat Entry Team(extrication)Type 1 hazmat Entry Team(decontamination)27 teams in 8 DOE regions1 HazmatInformation/ResearchGroup/Team1 Hazmat MedicalGroup/Team1 Hazmat ResourcesGroup/Teamhazmat Liaison OfficerHazmat SpecialistsTarget Capabilities List 373RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION

RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATIONTarget Capability Preparedness LevelResourceElement UnitType I HazmatEntry Team(extrication)Type I HazmatEntry Team(extrication)Type I HazmatEntry Team(decontamination)Type I HazmatEntry Team(decontamination)EPA RadiologicalEmergencyResponse Team(RERP)FederalRadiologicalMonitoring andAssessment Center(FRMAC)Hazmatinformation/researchgroup/teamHazmat medicalgroup/teamHazmat resourcesgroup/teamType ofElementNIMS-TypedResourceOrganizationNIMS-TypedResourceOrganizationNIMS-TypedResourceOrganizationNIMS-TypedResourceOrganizationNumberof UnitsUnit Measure(numberper x)20 Per UASI Area,based on risk374 Target Capabilities ListLeadLocal (City)CapabilityActivitysupported byElementIdentify andEvaluate On SceneConduct RescueOperations1 Per county Local (County) Identify andEvaluate On SceneConduct RescueOperations20 Per UASI Area Local (City) Identify andEvaluate On SceneConduct On-siteGrossDecontaminationConduct On-siteTechnicalDecontamination1 Per county Local (County) Identify andEvaluate On SceneConduct On-siteGrossDecontaminationConduct On-siteTechnicalDecontaminationFederal Team 1 Nationally Federal (EPA) Identify andEvaluate On SceneConduct MitigationActivitiesFederalOrganizationNon-NIMSResourceOrganizationNon-NIMSResourceOrganizationNon-NIMSResource27 Nationally Federal (DOE) Identify andEvaluate On SceneConduct MitigationActivities2 Per UASI Area Local (City) Direct TacticalOperations2 Per UASI Area Local (City) Conduct RescueOperations2 Per UASI Area Local (City) Direct TacticalOperations

ResourceElement UnitHazmat liaisonofficerType ofElementOrganizationNumberof UnitsUnit Measure(numberper x)Target Capabilities List 375LeadCapabilityActivitysupported byElementPersonnel 2 Per UASI Area Local (City) Direct TacticalOperationsHazmat specialist Personnel 1 Per county Local (County) Identify andEvaluate On SceneConduct MitigationActivitiesReferences1. Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, 29 CFR 1910.120. Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration. November 2002.http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9765.2. National Response Plan. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. December 2004.3. National Incident Management System. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. March 2004.http://www.dhs.gov/interweb/assetlibrary/NIMS-90-web.pdf.4. Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program, Volume II: Exercise Evaluation and Improvement. U.S.Department of Homeland Security, Office for Domestic Preparedness. October 2003.http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp/docs/HSEEPv2.pdf.5. Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide. National Response Team. 2001.http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9765.6. NFPA 471: Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents. National Fire ProtectionAssociation. 2002. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=471.7. NFPA 472: Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents. NationalFire Protection Association. 2002. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=472.8. NFPA 473: Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents.National Fire Protection Association. 2002.http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=473.9. NFPA 1710: Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, EmergencyMedical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments, National Fire ProtectionAssociation, 2004 Edition. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1710.10. NFPA 1720: Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, EmergencyMedical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments, National FireProtection Association, 2004 Edition. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1720.11. NFPA 1561: Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System, National Fire ProtectionAssociation, 2005 Edition. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1561.12. NFPA 1500: Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Programs, National Fire ProtectionAssociation, 2002 Edition. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1500.13. Homeland Security Presidential Directive/HSPD–8: National Preparedness.. December 2003.http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/12/20031217-6.html.14. National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. Environmental Protection Agency. 1994.http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/pdfs/40cfr300.pdf.15. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook: A Guidebook for First Responders during the Initial Phase of aDangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation.http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/erg/gydebook.htm.RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION

RESPOND MISSION: WMD AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE AND DECONTAMINATION16. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Title III, The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986.17. The 2004 Standardized Equipment List. The Interagency Board for Equipment Standardization andInteroperability. 2004. http://www.iab.gov/downloads/AnnualReport2003.pdf.18. Resource Typing Definitions–I: First 60 Resources. National Mutual Aid and Resource Management Initiative.U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency. January 2004.http://www.fema.gov/pdf/preparedness/initial_60_rtd.pdf.19. DHS, Office for Domestic Preparedness, Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) Program,http://mmrs.fema.gov.18. NFPA 1021: Standard for Fire Officer Professional Qualifications. National Fire Protection Association. 2003.http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1021.19. NFPA 1561: Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System. National Fire ProtectionAssociation. 2003. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1561.20. NFPA 1600: Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs. National FireProtection Association. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1600.21. NFPA 1710: Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, EmergencyMedical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments. National Fire ProtectionAssociation. 2004. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1710 .22. NFPA 1720: Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, EmergencyMedical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments. National FireProtection Association. 2004. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1720.23. NFPA 472: Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents, NationalFire Protection Association, 2002 Edition.http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=472.24. NFPA 1201: Standard for Providing Emergency Services to the Public, National Fire Protection Association,2004 Edition. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1201.25. NFPA 1403: Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions, National Fire Protection Association, 2002 edition.http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1403.26. NFPA 1221: Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Emergency Services CommunicationsSystems, National Fire Protection Association, 2002 edition.27. NFPA 1901: Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, National Fire Protection Association, 2003 Edition.http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1901376 Target Capabilities List