The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

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Trafficking of Women and Children for Exploitation in the Commercial Sex Trade: The Case of the Russian Federation. Orlova, Alexandra V. Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, Symposium Issue 2005, Vol. 6 Issue 2, pp.157-178. Abstract This article focuses on trafficking of women and children for exploitation in the commercial sex trade. The trafficking of human beings for exploitation in the commercial sex trade is not a new phenomenon. Trafficking has been endemic in South and Southeast Asia for decades. However, relatively recent changes in the global economy account for both the increase in human trafficking as well as trafficking from a variety of new "source" countries, including countries with transitional economies that were created after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia in particular has experienced, and continues to experience, a "regional crisis" intrafficking. The difficulties in dealing with the problem of human trafficking are exacerbated by the absence of consensus over a definition of this phenomenon. Various governmental and nongovernmentalbodies that deal with human trafficking define it differently. Some agencies are only concerned with trafficking that is transnational in scope, disregarding regional and intranationalmanifestations of this problem. Commercial and Sexual Exploitation of Children and Young People in the UK—A Review. Chase, Elaine; Statham, June. Child Abuse Review, Jan/Feb2005, Vol. 14 Issue 1, pp. 4-25. Abstract: This paper reviews recent information and data relevant to the commercial sexual exploitation of children and young people in the UK. Three main aspects of exploitation are addressed: abuse through prostitution; abuse through pornography; and the trafficking of children and young people to and through the UK for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation. Most published research in this area relates to young people exploited through prostitution. The review explores the range of vulnerability factors, the processes used to engage young people in prostitution and the types of support strategies for those being exploited. Rather less information is currently available on the scale of child pornography, or the links between the use of pornography and other forms of sexual abuse. The internet as a modern technology for proliferating child pornography is discussed, alongside its role in providing opportunities for paedophiles to access and ‘groom’ children for sexual purposes. Finally, the review provides a summary of research on trafficking of children to and through the UK for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and demonstrates the limited knowledge about this topic. Human Trafficking in East Asia: Current Trends, Data Collection, and Knowledge Gaps. Lee, June J. H. International Migration, 2005, Vol. 43 Issue 1/2, pp. 165-201. Abstract: Focuses on the movement of people and volume of migration flows in East Asia. Focus on trafficking in women and children for sexual exploitation and highlight serious violations of human rights; Examination of the general trends in human trafficking; Factors contributing to the rapid growth of a market-driven intraregional migration. Preventing Sexual Exploitation of Children and Teens. Iton, Anthony; Oliver, Mary Margaret; Torgensen, Kirk. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Winter2005 Supplement, Vol. 33 Issue 4, pp.38-39. F-62
Abstract The article presents the views of some conference participants concerning sexual exploitation of children and teens in the U. S. One conference moderator noted that the problems of sexual exploitation involves law enforcement, social services and health organizations and the advocacy groups. Another speaker called the attention of political entities to focus on cases of child exploitation. Financial Exploitation of the Sexuality of Migrant Children in Greece.Antonopoulos, Georgios A. Crime and Justice International, vol. 20, no. 83, pp. 19 - 22, November/December 2004. Abstract: This article provides a brief overview of the financial exploitation of the sexuality of migrant children in the country of Greece and combative measures to address this exploitation. Since the beginning of the 1990's, Greece has experienced a large influx of migrants which include: Albanians, Bulgarians, Georgians, Romanians, Russians, and Ukrainians. This influx of migrants has created the exploitation of migrant children, who are being trafficked for a variety of purposes, such as sexual exploitation. According to a recent study, about 7.5 percent (1,005) of the average 13,400 individuals who were trafficked annually from 1990 to 2000 in Greece were children with the majority of the children coming from Albania. The methods for recruiting children include: abduction, selling protection to unaccompanied children crossing the Greek-Albanian border, purchase from family and/or relatives, false marriage proposal, false promise of work, and exploitation by members of the family. Those measures undertaken to combat the trafficking of children usually fall within the context of measures undertaken against the trafficking in human beings in general. There are international initiatives taken among the members of the United Nations, the European Union, and others, as well as local and national measures. In addition, the new Law 3064 of 2002 includes harsher penalties for traffickers of children. References"Don't Trust Me With Your Child": Non-Legal Precautions When the Law Cannot Prevent Sexual Exploitation in Youth Sports. Peterson, Jamie. Texas Review of Entertainment and Sports Law, Spring 2004, Vol. 5 Issue 2, pp. 297-323. Abstract: Discusses laws aimed at preventing and remedying child exploitation by youth coaches, with a particular focus on Texas law. Reasons behind the difficulties for a sexually abused athlete to achieve full civil remedy; Proponents and opponents of coaching background checks; Non-legal methods for the prevention of sexual exploitation of child-athletes. The Sexual and Mental Health Problems of Street Children: A Transcultural Preventative Approach in Counselling Psychology. Guernina, Zoubida. Counselling Psychology Quarterly; 17 (1) Mar 2004, pp. 99-105. Abstract: Sexual and mental health problems are on the increase world-wide especially among street children. A high proportion of vulnerable children who live in the street suffer exploitation, poor quality of life that often lead to sexual and mental health problems. Evidence is needed on the theoretical perspectives taken to address the existing gaps in counselling psychology research and practice on the plight of street children. It is also important to identify interventions that could be implemented to prevent the expansion of sexual and mental health problems among street children. Because of paucity of evidence in counselling psychology, an attempt has been F-63
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U.S. Department of Justice
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4. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFIC
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V. CONCLUSION .....................
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amount of information, including: (
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assisting state, local, tribal and
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goals that can provide some measura
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State and federal investigators and
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a. Available indicators suggest chi
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These two applications (Fairplay, R
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The Figure below shows the number o
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For FY 2008, ICAC Task Forces repor
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Some researchers suggest that viewi
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interests in children and their des
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could later bediscovered by lawenfo
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domains are commercial purveyors of
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• The offender communicates with
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1. Online enticement complaints are
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elationship. After the child has ga
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Influenced and Corrupt Organization
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D. Child Sex TourismChild sex touri
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Exploitation of Children Today (PRO
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A task force model often is employe
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The United States Attorney’s offi
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FBI and CEOS, in conjunction with N
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The effects of child sex tourism re
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352 investigations and 162 charged
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• CEOS worked closely with NDIC i
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• Alameda County, CA, Children's
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• Additional data have been submi
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postsentence persons and civilly co
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B. A Review of the Internet Crimes
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• Providing training and technica
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Table 1 : ICAC Task Force Agencies
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State Task Force Agency Number of T
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State Agency FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 200
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State Agency FY2008#AZCACACACACACOC
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Number of Criminal Referrals to Uni
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d. Number of local prosecutions and
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State Agency FY 2008# of Cases Refe
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State Agency FY 2008 Jan.-June 2009
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8. Number and type of ICAC Task For
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ICAC Undercover Chat 4 Regional 9.2
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has developed highly successful ini
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field offices, both domestic and fo
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2. Department of Defense’s Effort
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of a mail circular. Since the progr
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• The Street Outreach Program fun
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the Defense Computer Forensic Labor
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• Distributes photographs and des
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iii. Enough Is EnoughEnough Is Enou
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1. Overarching Efforts to Coordinat
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combine resources and expertise on
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United States has submitted annual
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CEOS has worked with foreign law en
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. Department of Homeland Security
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Finally, G/TIP has worked extensive
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F. Review of Internet Safety Progra
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the accessibility, cost, and effect
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activity by predators searching for
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3. Federal Trade Commission and Dep
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Funder: • U.S. Department of Agri
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Delivery: • Online games; printab
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TABLE 1: FEDERALLY FUNDED INTERNET
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Program/Product NameandContactInfor
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TABLE 2: SAMPLE OF PRIVATE NONPROFI
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Program/Product NameProducerFor Kid
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TABLE 1: PARTICIPANT EVALUATIONS OF
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FY 2011. The primary forensics resp
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The DEU is the principal group resp
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CD/DVDs. The CFS has the capability
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First, the Department will continue
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and the Innocence Lost task forces,
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deconflict cases, and share informa
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with the ICACs to help increase the
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from Landslide’s business premise
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victimized children worldwide, incl
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association, was arrested after the
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is transnational in scope; cooperat
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Over the course of their communicat
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An ICE investigation resulted in th
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U.S. v. RichardsonICE PRESS RELEASE
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APPENDIX C THREAT ASSESSMENT: ACADE
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Selected Quotes from Appendix C of
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* * * “Sheldon and Howitt (2007)
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McCarthy, J. and Gaunt, N. (2004).
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high-profile jobs. Some seemed isol
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Trends 2008, http://www.iwf.org.uk/
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Source: National Center for Missing
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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scientific survey process, but rath
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• 42 percent of respondents repor
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The Effect of the Lack of Internet
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ONLINE ENTICEMENTExtent of Online E
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• 8 percent of respondents report
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SEX TOURISMNature and ExtentAmong N
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Average Federal and State Sentences
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SOURCESNumerous federal, state, and
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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Southern Texas Utah VermontVirginia
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APPENDIX EDEPARTMENT-FUNDED RESEARC
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victimization. The project has four
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APPENDIX FSYNTHESIS OF MAJOR STUDIE
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17 that among the participants who
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authors, extrapolating survey data,
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officials can gain greater awarenes
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Moessner, Chris. “Cyberbullying.
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Page 227 and 228: Wells, Melissa, David Finkelhor, Ja
Page 229 and 230: The article reports the results of
Page 231 and 232: system ۛincluding perspectives of
Page 233 and 234: etween 42 and 44 percent of pornogr
Page 235 and 236: Reporting the demographic, psycholo
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Page 241 and 242: conducted between September 1999 an
Page 243 and 244: with each grade level, with the per
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Page 249 and 250: their offending than did Internet o
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Page 255 and 256: Getting to Grips with Sexual Groomi
Page 257 and 258: Child Seduction and Self-Representa
Page 259 and 260: Annotated Bibliography: Child Explo
Page 261 and 262: Abstract The author discusses teach
Page 263 and 264: implications for nursing practice i
Page 265 and 266: providers assisting child victims,
Page 267 and 268: Problematic Internet Experiences: P
Page 269 and 270: Online Requests for Sexual Pictures
Page 271 and 272: Sheldon Kennedy and a Canadian Trag
Page 273 and 274: people involved in prostitution and
Page 275: debates about child labour, exploit
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