The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

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The Effects of Organizational and Community Context on Local of CSEC Prevalence,Prosecution of Computer Child Pornography Cases., and Services is a project designed byawardee, Fund for the City of New York. The award has a start date of 9/1/2009 and an end dateof 2/28/2012. The Center for Court Innovation proposes to collaborate with Richard Curtis, KirkDombrowski, and Bilal Khan to conduct a national study that would: (1) estimate the size andscope of the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC); (2) describe the characteristicsand needs of CSEC victims; (3) explore available services; and (4) analyze prosecution outcomesfor victims and exploiters. The populations of interest would include youth under 18 who areengaged in prostitution, child pornography, or related CSEC activities and those who arecontrolling or profiting from them.Buzzell, T.Criminal Justice Studies, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 391-405, 2007.Abstract: This study examines how U.S. prosecutors deal with the problem of child pornographyas a facet of computer crime. Results from the 2001 National Prosecutors Survey reveal that thelikelihood of prosecuting this form of crime increases with having a budget for experts, usingalternatives to prosecution, and working in districts with higher crime rates and higher levels ofincome. Context therefore matters in the prosecution of computer child pornography cases.Further research is necessary, however, to understand how prosecutors handle advanced forms ofchild sexual exploitation.Mandatory Reporting of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Israel: What Happens After the Report?Oz, Sheri; Balshan, Dorit.Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1 - 22, 2007.Abstract: This study outlined issues of mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse, and theinconsistency of post-report interventions in Israel on children and their families. This papersuggests amendments to the mandatory reporting laws in Israel to better protect all children fromsexual exploitation while providing consistent and expert professional intervention. Althoughstudies have been conducted regarding the impact of mandated reporting laws on professionals,there is a scarcity of research exploring the impact on families and children affected by mandatedreporting. There are several problems regarding mandatory reporting of suspected child abuse inIsrael, namely the differences between sexual abuse and other forms of abuse that need to beaddressed; far fewer allegations of sexual abuse are substantiated in a court of law than physicalabuse or neglect. The tendency of some countries to advocate legal interventions for sexualabuse and therapeutic interventions for other forms of abuse may stem from emotional reactionsto sexual abuse rather than the effectiveness of the legal approach. Therefore, sexual abuseshould be dealt with using a separate law geared to handle the special nature of sexual abuse thatwarrants unique expertise on the part of the professional involved, namely an amendment to thelaw that requires reporting of all cases of suspected sexual abuse regardless of the age of theabuser and the relationship with the victim. So that the mandatory reporting can be an instrumentof change, the separate law should clearly stipulate the procedures to be followed after the reporthas been made and should state the minimal qualifications of an expert in the field of sexualabuse. Future research should include two major issues: the factors associated with disclosure ofabuse and the child s expectations, and the consequences of the disclosure for both the child andfamily members upon implementation of the ensuing legal and/or clinical interventions,including possible differential effects over the long and short terms. Figure, referencesF-52
Problematic Internet Experiences: Primary Or Secondary Presenting Problems In PersonsSeeking Mental Health Care?Mitchell, Kimberly J.; Wells, Melissa.Social Science and Medicine, vol. 65, pp. 1136-1141, Sept. 2007.Abstract: This study utilizes data from clinical reports of 1441 youth and adults in the USA toexamine the types of problematic Internet experiences mental health professionals report asclients' primary or secondary presenting problems. Overall, clients who present in treatment withan Internet problem are more likely to have problems related to overuse of the Internet; use ofadult pornography; use of child pornography; sexual exploitation perpetration; and gaming,gambling, or role-playing. Other Internet-related problems, such as isolative-avoidant use, sexualexploitation victimization, harassment perpetration, and online infidelity were equally likely topresent in treatment as a primary problem or secondary to other mental health concerns. Somedifferences between youth and adult clients were also identified. Findings suggest some initialsupport for the importance of including Internet use, experiences, and behavior as part of aninitial clinical assessment.Youth Sexual Exploitation on the Internet: DSM-IV Diagnoses and Gender Differences in Co-Occurring Mental Health Issues.Wells, M. and Mitchell, K.Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 24(3), pp. 235-260, 2007.Abstract: This paper explores conventional (non-Internet-related) mental health issues and DSMIV diagnoses seen among a sample of 512 youth receiving mental health services for an Internetrelatedproblem, with particular attention to victims of online sexual exploitation. Youth victimsof online sexual exploitation were more likely to have a post-traumatic stress disorder than youthwith other Internet-related problems. Specific attention was given to differences amongsubgroups of female and male youth victims of online sexual exploitation as compared withsame-gender youth with other Internet-related problems. Findings suggest the importance ofincluding Internet use and victimization as part of a standard clinical assessment.F-53
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U.S. Department of Justice
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4. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFIC
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V. CONCLUSION .....................
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amount of information, including: (
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assisting state, local, tribal and
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goals that can provide some measura
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State and federal investigators and
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a. Available indicators suggest chi
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These two applications (Fairplay, R
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The Figure below shows the number o
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For FY 2008, ICAC Task Forces repor
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Some researchers suggest that viewi
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interests in children and their des
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could later bediscovered by lawenfo
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domains are commercial purveyors of
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• The offender communicates with
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1. Online enticement complaints are
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elationship. After the child has ga
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Influenced and Corrupt Organization
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D. Child Sex TourismChild sex touri
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Exploitation of Children Today (PRO
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A task force model often is employe
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The United States Attorney’s offi
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FBI and CEOS, in conjunction with N
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The effects of child sex tourism re
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352 investigations and 162 charged
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• CEOS worked closely with NDIC i
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• Alameda County, CA, Children's
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• Additional data have been submi
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postsentence persons and civilly co
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B. A Review of the Internet Crimes
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• Providing training and technica
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Table 1 : ICAC Task Force Agencies
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State Task Force Agency Number of T
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State Agency FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 200
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State Agency FY2008#AZCACACACACACOC
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Number of Criminal Referrals to Uni
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d. Number of local prosecutions and
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State Agency FY 2008# of Cases Refe
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State Agency FY 2008 Jan.-June 2009
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8. Number and type of ICAC Task For
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ICAC Undercover Chat 4 Regional 9.2
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has developed highly successful ini
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field offices, both domestic and fo
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2. Department of Defense’s Effort
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of a mail circular. Since the progr
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• The Street Outreach Program fun
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the Defense Computer Forensic Labor
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• Distributes photographs and des
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iii. Enough Is EnoughEnough Is Enou
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1. Overarching Efforts to Coordinat
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combine resources and expertise on
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United States has submitted annual
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CEOS has worked with foreign law en
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. Department of Homeland Security
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Finally, G/TIP has worked extensive
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F. Review of Internet Safety Progra
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the accessibility, cost, and effect
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activity by predators searching for
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3. Federal Trade Commission and Dep
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Funder: • U.S. Department of Agri
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Delivery: • Online games; printab
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TABLE 1: FEDERALLY FUNDED INTERNET
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Program/Product NameandContactInfor
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TABLE 2: SAMPLE OF PRIVATE NONPROFI
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Program/Product NameProducerFor Kid
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TABLE 1: PARTICIPANT EVALUATIONS OF
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FY 2011. The primary forensics resp
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The DEU is the principal group resp
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CD/DVDs. The CFS has the capability
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First, the Department will continue
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and the Innocence Lost task forces,
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deconflict cases, and share informa
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with the ICACs to help increase the
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from Landslide’s business premise
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victimized children worldwide, incl
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association, was arrested after the
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is transnational in scope; cooperat
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Over the course of their communicat
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An ICE investigation resulted in th
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U.S. v. RichardsonICE PRESS RELEASE
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APPENDIX C THREAT ASSESSMENT: ACADE
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Selected Quotes from Appendix C of
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* * * “Sheldon and Howitt (2007)
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McCarthy, J. and Gaunt, N. (2004).
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high-profile jobs. Some seemed isol
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Trends 2008, http://www.iwf.org.uk/
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Source: National Center for Missing
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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scientific survey process, but rath
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• 42 percent of respondents repor
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The Effect of the Lack of Internet
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ONLINE ENTICEMENTExtent of Online E
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• 8 percent of respondents report
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SEX TOURISMNature and ExtentAmong N
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Average Federal and State Sentences
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SOURCESNumerous federal, state, and
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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Southern Texas Utah VermontVirginia
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APPENDIX EDEPARTMENT-FUNDED RESEARC
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victimization. The project has four
Page 215 and 216: APPENDIX FSYNTHESIS OF MAJOR STUDIE
Page 217 and 218: 17 that among the participants who
Page 219 and 220: authors, extrapolating survey data,
Page 221 and 222: officials can gain greater awarenes
Page 223 and 224: Moessner, Chris. “Cyberbullying.
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Page 227 and 228: Wells, Melissa, David Finkelhor, Ja
Page 229 and 230: The article reports the results of
Page 231 and 232: system ۛincluding perspectives of
Page 233 and 234: etween 42 and 44 percent of pornogr
Page 235 and 236: Reporting the demographic, psycholo
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Page 241 and 242: conducted between September 1999 an
Page 243 and 244: with each grade level, with the per
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Page 249 and 250: their offending than did Internet o
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Page 255 and 256: Getting to Grips with Sexual Groomi
Page 257 and 258: Child Seduction and Self-Representa
Page 259 and 260: Annotated Bibliography: Child Explo
Page 261 and 262: Abstract The author discusses teach
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Page 265: providers assisting child victims,
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Page 271 and 272: Sheldon Kennedy and a Canadian Trag
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Page 275 and 276: debates about child labour, exploit
Page 277 and 278: Abstract The article presents the v
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The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

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