The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

summary of research on trafficking of children to and through the UK for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and demonstrates the limited knowledge about this topic. The Varieties of Child Pornography Production. Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., and Mitchell, K.J. In Quayle, E. and Taylor, M. (Eds.), Viewing Child Pornography on the Internet: Understanding the Offense, Managing the Offender, Helping the Victims (pgs. 31-48). Dorset, UK: Russell House Publishing, 2005. URL: http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/jvq/CV100.pdf Abstract: Examines a sample of U.S. criminal cases in which offenders arrested for Internet-related crimes against minors took pictures of victims. Child Pornography Possessors Arrested in Internet-Related Crimes: Findings from the National Juvenile Online Victimization Study. Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., and Mitchell, K.J. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, Alexandria: VA, 2005. URL: http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/jvq/CV81.pdf Abstract: The goals of the National Juvenile Online Victimization (N-JOV) Study were to survey law-enforcement agencies within the United States (U.S.) to count arrests for Internet-related sex crimes committed against minors and describe the characteristics of the offenders, the crimes they committed, and their victims. This report focuses on a representative national sample ofarrested offenders who possessed child pornography. Use of Pornography during the Commission of Sexual Offenses. Langevin, Ron; Curnoe, Suzanne. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 572 - 586, October 2004.Abstract: This study investigated any links between sex offenders' use of pornography (materialsthat are sexually arousing) and their sex offenses. An overview of the literature on this topicfocuses on sex offenders' use of pornography for self-stimulation, to groom the victims, and forlater self-gratification and monetary gain. The current study involved a sample of 124 cases(Sample 1) from the authors' private practice; in every case, the offenders were asked about theiruse of pornography and its role in their sex offenses. Police reports were also available in themajority of cases and were used in interviews with the offenders. In order to examine whethertrends in the use of pornography by sex offenders has changed over the past 30 years, a historicalsample of 437 cases was drawn from a database of 2,125 sex-offender cases collected from 1970to 1991 at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry (Sample 2). Of the 561 cases studied, only 17percent involved the use of pornography immediately prior to or during the offense. Thesefindings suggest that the mere possession of pornography does not in itself lead to thecommission of a sexual crime. Although 47 percent of the offenders had pornography in theirpossession prior to their crimes, only 17 percent used it for self-stimulation either immediatelyprior to the crime or during the crime. Offenders against children used pornography more thanoffenders against adults (42 percent compared with 19 percent). There was no indication of achange in patterns of pornography over time in Sample 2; however, the increased availability ofpornography through the Internet may change this pattern in the foreseeable future.F-40