The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

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that some cognitive distortions are frequently agreed with by sex offenders against childrenwhereas others were seldom or never agreed with. Little support was found for earliertypological approaches to the cognitive schema of sex offenders against children. Contrary to theexpectation that contact offenders would have more cognitive distortions, it was found thatInternet offenders had more cognitive distortions that children are sexual beings. Furthermore,there were no differences in cognitive distortions justifying the offence. However, offenders witha previous history of offending were more likely to admit to cognitive distortions which justifytheir offending. It is accepted that cognitive distortions are readily recognized in interviews withsex offenders against children. Nevertheless, it is argued that there is a need for new research tostimulate a new understanding of the nature and role of cognitive distortions in sex offending.Predatory Online Behavior: Modus Operandi of Convicted Sex Offenders in IdentifyingPotential Victims and Contacting Minors Over the Internet.Malesky Jr., L. Alvin.Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2007, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p23-32, 10p, 1 chart.Abstract: Sex offenders have used the Internet to identify and contact minors for sexualexploitation (Armagh, 1998: Hernandez. 2000; Lamb, 1998; Lanning, 1998). Yet little is knownabout how these individuals select their online victims. In order to gain a better understanding ofthis behavior, the online activity of 31 men who perpetrated or attempted to perpetrate contactsex offenses against minors they communicated with via the Internet, was examined. Threefourthsof the participants monitored chat room dialogue and almost one-half reviewed onlineprofiles of minors in an attempt to identify potential victims. Recommendations to increase theonline safety of children and adolescents are discussed.Current Responses to Sexual Grooming: Implication for Prevention.Craven, Samantha; Brown, Sarah; Gilchrist, Elizabeth.Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 60-71, Feb 2007.Abstract: This article aims to outline current responses to sexual grooming; specific attentionwill be given to new legislation introduced in England and Wales under the Sexual Offences Act2003. Following an outline of this new legislation, consideration will be given to itseffectiveness, including practical difficulties that are likely to restrict its scope. Issues to bediscussed include: poor definition and understanding of sexual grooming, scope of legislation inrelation to non-Internet grooming, difficulties in identifying sexual grooming, and a failure of thenew legislation to be truly preventative. The article concludes by supporting Richard Laws'ssuggestion that the most effective prevention of child sexual abuse would result from adopting apublic health approach. Adapted from the source document.The Evidence Of Harm To Adults Relating To Exposure To Extreme Pornographic Material: ARapid Evidence Assessment.Catherine Itzin, Ann Taket and Liz Kelly.Ministry of Justice, United Kingdom, 2007.Abstract: This document reports on a rapid evidence assessment (REA) of the evidence of harmto adults relating to exposure to extreme pornographic materials. It was conducted for the HomeOffice and Department of Health as part of a programme of research being conducted by theDepartment of Health on the health and mental health effects of prostitution, pornography andF-36
trafficking, rape and sexual assault, and sexual offending. This REA was commissioned by theHome Office before the Ministry of Justice was formed.Child Pornography Offenses Are a Valid Diagnostic Indicator of Pedophilia.Seto, Michael C.; Blanchard, Ray; Cantor, James M.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Aug2006, Vol. 115 Issue 3, p610-615, 6p, 3 graphs.Abstract: This study investigated whether being charged with a child pornography offense is avalid diagnostic indicator of pedophilia, as represented by an index of phallometrically assessedsexual arousal to children. The sample of 685 male patients was referred between 1995 and 2004for a sexological assessment of their sexual interests and behavior. As a group, childpornography offenders showed greater sexual arousal to children than to adults and differed fromgroups of sex offenders against children, sex offenders against adults, and general sexologypatients. The results suggest child pornography offending is a stronger diagnostic indicator ofpedophilia than is sexually offending against child victims. Theoretical and clinical implicationsare discussed.Characteristics and Behaviors of Sexual Compulsives Who Use the Internet for Sexual Purposes.Daneback, Kristian; Ross, Michael W.; Månsson, Sven-Axel.Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, Jan2006, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p53-67, 15p, 2 charts.Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of those who engage in online sexualactivities and who are sexually compulsive according to the Kalichman sexual compulsivityscale. It also aimed to investigate if online sexual activities had changed the sexually compulsiverespondents' offline sexual behaviors, such as reading adult magazines, viewing adult movies,and/or having casual sex partners. Data were collected in 2002 through an online questionnairein Swedish, which was administered via the Swedish portal Passagen.se. Approximately 6% ofthe 1458 respondents who answered the 10-item sexual compulsivity scale were defined assexually compulsive. A multivariate regression analysis showed sexually compulsives morelikely to be men, to live in a relationship, to be bisexual, and to have had an STI. The time spentonline for sexual purposes was found to be a measure of the kind of sexual activity rather than ameasure of online sexual compulsivity. A bivariate analysis of nominal data showed thatengagement in online sexual activities made respondents quit, decrease, maintain or increasetheir offline sexual behaviors. Sexual compulsive respondents were found to increase theiroffline pornography consumption to a greater extent than did non-sexually compulsives.Paedophilia On The Internet--A Study Of 33 Convicted Offenders In The Canton Of Lucerne.Frei A, Erenay N, Dittmann V, Graf M.Swiss Medical Weekly, 2005 Aug 20; Vol. 135 (33-34), pp. 488-94.Abstract: Background: The connection between the consumption of pornography and “contactcrimes”is unclear. The Internet has facilitated the mass consumption of pornography in generaland specifically illegal pornography such as child pornography. In 1999, the owners of“Landslide Production Inc.”, an international provider of child-pornography in the USA werearrested and the credit-card-numbers of their clients were put at the disposal of the lawenforcement agencies of the countries concerned.Methods: Roughly 1300 Swiss citizens were subsequently arrested in the course of thenationwide action “Genesis”. In the canton of Lucerne 33 men were identified. The police-filesof these men were screened for psychosocial, criminological and psychosexual data. Results:F-37
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U.S. Department of Justice
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4. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFIC
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V. CONCLUSION .....................
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amount of information, including: (
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assisting state, local, tribal and
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goals that can provide some measura
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State and federal investigators and
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a. Available indicators suggest chi
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These two applications (Fairplay, R
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The Figure below shows the number o
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For FY 2008, ICAC Task Forces repor
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Some researchers suggest that viewi
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interests in children and their des
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could later bediscovered by lawenfo
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domains are commercial purveyors of
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• The offender communicates with
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1. Online enticement complaints are
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elationship. After the child has ga
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Influenced and Corrupt Organization
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D. Child Sex TourismChild sex touri
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Exploitation of Children Today (PRO
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A task force model often is employe
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The United States Attorney’s offi
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FBI and CEOS, in conjunction with N
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The effects of child sex tourism re
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352 investigations and 162 charged
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• CEOS worked closely with NDIC i
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• Alameda County, CA, Children's
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• Additional data have been submi
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postsentence persons and civilly co
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B. A Review of the Internet Crimes
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• Providing training and technica
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Table 1 : ICAC Task Force Agencies
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State Task Force Agency Number of T
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State Agency FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 200
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State Agency FY2008#AZCACACACACACOC
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Number of Criminal Referrals to Uni
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d. Number of local prosecutions and
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State Agency FY 2008# of Cases Refe
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State Agency FY 2008 Jan.-June 2009
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8. Number and type of ICAC Task For
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ICAC Undercover Chat 4 Regional 9.2
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has developed highly successful ini
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field offices, both domestic and fo
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2. Department of Defense’s Effort
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of a mail circular. Since the progr
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• The Street Outreach Program fun
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the Defense Computer Forensic Labor
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• Distributes photographs and des
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iii. Enough Is EnoughEnough Is Enou
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1. Overarching Efforts to Coordinat
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combine resources and expertise on
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United States has submitted annual
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CEOS has worked with foreign law en
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. Department of Homeland Security
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Finally, G/TIP has worked extensive
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F. Review of Internet Safety Progra
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the accessibility, cost, and effect
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activity by predators searching for
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3. Federal Trade Commission and Dep
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Funder: • U.S. Department of Agri
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Delivery: • Online games; printab
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TABLE 1: FEDERALLY FUNDED INTERNET
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Program/Product NameandContactInfor
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TABLE 2: SAMPLE OF PRIVATE NONPROFI
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Program/Product NameProducerFor Kid
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TABLE 1: PARTICIPANT EVALUATIONS OF
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FY 2011. The primary forensics resp
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The DEU is the principal group resp
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CD/DVDs. The CFS has the capability
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First, the Department will continue
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and the Innocence Lost task forces,
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deconflict cases, and share informa
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with the ICACs to help increase the
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from Landslide’s business premise
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victimized children worldwide, incl
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association, was arrested after the
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is transnational in scope; cooperat
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Over the course of their communicat
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An ICE investigation resulted in th
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U.S. v. RichardsonICE PRESS RELEASE
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APPENDIX C THREAT ASSESSMENT: ACADE
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Selected Quotes from Appendix C of
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* * * “Sheldon and Howitt (2007)
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McCarthy, J. and Gaunt, N. (2004).
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high-profile jobs. Some seemed isol
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Trends 2008, http://www.iwf.org.uk/
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Source: National Center for Missing
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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scientific survey process, but rath
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• 42 percent of respondents repor
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The Effect of the Lack of Internet
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ONLINE ENTICEMENTExtent of Online E
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• 8 percent of respondents report
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Page 205 and 206: SOURCESNumerous federal, state, and
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Page 211 and 212: APPENDIX EDEPARTMENT-FUNDED RESEARC
Page 213 and 214: victimization. The project has four
Page 215 and 216: APPENDIX FSYNTHESIS OF MAJOR STUDIE
Page 217 and 218: 17 that among the participants who
Page 219 and 220: authors, extrapolating survey data,
Page 221 and 222: officials can gain greater awarenes
Page 223 and 224: Moessner, Chris. “Cyberbullying.
Page 225 and 226: The authors of this chapter in a bo
Page 227 and 228: Wells, Melissa, David Finkelhor, Ja
Page 229 and 230: The article reports the results of
Page 231 and 232: system ۛincluding perspectives of
Page 233 and 234: etween 42 and 44 percent of pornogr
Page 235 and 236: Reporting the demographic, psycholo
Page 237 and 238: predator with a victim took place i
Page 239 and 240: 1 Tinker v. Des Moines Independent
Page 241 and 242: conducted between September 1999 an
Page 243 and 244: with each grade level, with the per
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Page 247 and 248: focusing on violent (including sexu
Page 249: their offending than did Internet o
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Page 255 and 256: Getting to Grips with Sexual Groomi
Page 257 and 258: Child Seduction and Self-Representa
Page 259 and 260: Annotated Bibliography: Child Explo
Page 261 and 262: Abstract The author discusses teach
Page 263 and 264: implications for nursing practice i
Page 265 and 266: providers assisting child victims,
Page 267 and 268: Problematic Internet Experiences: P
Page 269 and 270: Online Requests for Sexual Pictures
Page 271 and 272: Sheldon Kennedy and a Canadian Trag
Page 273 and 274: people involved in prostitution and
Page 275 and 276: debates about child labour, exploit
Page 277 and 278: Abstract The article presents the v
Page 279 and 280: dealing with sexual offenses agains
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