The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

focusing on violent (including sexual) recidivism and sexual recidivism alone. Results for bothfrequency and type of pornography use were generally consistent with our predictions. Mostimportantly, after controlling for general and specific risk factors for sexual aggression,pornography added significantly to the prediction of recidivism. Statistical interactions indicatedthat frequency of pornography use was primarily a risk factor for higher-risk offenders, whencompared with lower-risk offenders, and that content of pornography (i.e., pornographycontaining deviant content) was a risk factor for all groups. The importance of conceptualizingparticular risk factors (e.g., pornography), within the context of other individual characteristics isdiscussed.The Internet and Child Sexual Offending: A Criminological Review.Beech, Anthony R; Elliott, Ian A; Birgden, Astrid; Findlater, Donald.Aggression and Violent Behavior, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 216-228, June-July 2008.Abstract: This paper outlines the current literature on what is known about the processes bywhich individuals utilize the Internet for child sexual abuse. First, three ways in which theInternet is utilized are outlined: (1) by dissemination of sexually abusive images of children forpersonal and/or commercial reasons; (2) by communication with other individuals with a sexualinterest in children: and (3) by maintaining and developing online pedophilic networks. Second,content and availability of abusive images are described, and the difficulties faced by criminaljustice agencies in both the definition of abusive images and their prohibition is discussed. Third,the potential for offenders to 'cross-over' from online offenses to contact sexual victimization ofchildren is examined and placed within a context of various Internet offender typologies thathave been developed. Finally, implications of this body of research for law and public policy areconsidered."In My Own World": A Case Study of a Paedophile's Thinking and Doing and His Use of theInternet.Wilson, David; Jones, Timothy.Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 107 - 120, May 2008.Abstract: This case study of a convicted pedophile ("James") in England focuses on the linksbetween his "thinking and doing," i.e., the interaction of his fantasy life, his use of the Internet,and his contact offenses against children. For James, his thoughts, sexual desires, impulses, andfantasies were objectified and reinforced by pornographic images and videos viewed on theInternet, which were acted out in sexual contact with children. Thus, he was unrestrained inbringing his thinking, fantasizing, and visualization into the real world of sexual contact withchildren. The authors note that the proposed model drawn from James' case study does notsuggest that every individual who has fantasies of unlawful or deviant sexual acts will inevitablyact on them in the real world. For most who engage in such fantasies, they coexist with aconscience conditioned by societal norms, empathy, and histories of conditioned normativebehaviors aimed at doing no harm to others in the real world of consensual intimate sexualinteractions. The danger comes when individuals, like James, with deviant sexual fantasies donot have a coexisting powerful reservoir of restraints based in social and genetic conditions thatkeep "thinking" from becoming "doing." The case study of James derived from access granted toa convicted pedophile serving his sentence at HMP Grendon, a facility unique in the penalsystem of England and Wales in its operation as a therapeutic community. James wasF-33