The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

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types of threats youth encounter using technology; 2) assess risks to youth of new behaviors andactivities, including youth creating and distributing explicit images of themselves and/or peers;3) assess benefits and utilization of safety programs and technologies, and 4) identify activitiesand behaviors most closely associated with risk. This study builds on a highly successful,decade-long research initiative at the Crimes against Children Research Center. Using a designrefined in two previous Youth Internet Safety Surveys, a national probability sample of youthages 10 through 17 will be interviewed by telephone about experiences with technology duringthe last 12 months. The design will allow direct comparison to findings from two previoussurveys, providing valuable information on trends and new developments.Multimedia Juvenile Victimization (MJV): Insights into Youth Behavior to Help LawEnforcement is a project designed by awardee, University of Hawaii. The award has a start dateof 7/1/2009 and an end date of 6/30/2011. The Multimedia Juvenile Victimization (MJV):Insights into Youth Behavior to Help Law Enforcement project is a two-year study whose goaland purpose is to contribute to the understanding of Internet and technology-facilitated crimesagainst juveniles and assist law enforcement in their efforts to emulate youth behavior online,gather evidence, and prosecute violators, thereby addressing priority research area IV:Investigation of Internet Crimes and area VI: Prevention Strategies. Major objectives are todetermine prevalence and awareness of solicitous texting (“sexting”) using cell phone textmessaging, frequency of solicitation and distribution of explicit images using online socialnetworks, and types of technologies used for cyberbullying. Participants are from three schooldistricts—Hawaii, California, and Wyoming—with a fourth (Virginia) to be determined for theschool year 2009-2010. Data will be gathered via questionnaires distributed to a stratifiedrandom sample of each school district’s student population, parents, and teachers.Multi-Prong Approaches to Strengthening Internet Child Safety is a project designed by theawardee, Justice Resource Institute. The award has a start date of 10/1/2006 and an end date of3/31/2010.The primary goal of this proposed research project is to reduce online sexualvictimization of children and adolescents. A secondary goal of this project is to study theevolution and impact of adult and child pornography on Internet sexual offenders. This two-yearproject proposes to build on work supported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and DelinquencyPrevention (OJJDP) in three important ways: (1) by conducting in-depth structured interviews ofa large, diverse sample of Internet sexual offenders, (2) by examining the age spectrum ofexposure to, use of, and technical familiarity with Internet pornography in high school students,college students and offenders, and (3) by reviewing the efficacy of existing child protectionsoftware with recommendations for the next “generation” of such filters. The purpose of thisproject is to advance the much-needed empirical research required to combat online sexualvictimization of children and adolescents and improve Internet safety strategies.Pathways to Commercial Sexual Victimization of Children-A Life Course Perspective is aproject designed by the awardee, University of Massachusetts Lowell. The award has a start dateof 9/1/2006 and an end date of 6/30/2009. The research will be an in-depth field-based study ofCSEC taking a life course perspective in examining the lives of female and male victims, with afocus on prostituted teens. There will be a utilization of mixed-method and collaborative designto collect data that will uncover the dynamics of the sexual victimization and learn from the teensthemselves more about the individual, family, peer, school, and community contexts of theirE-2
victimization. The project has four specific aims: identify an appropriate group of adolescentgirls and boys from whom we can directly elicit information to map out pathways into CSECover this early but critical portion of the life course; refine an interview protocol that is currentlyin development based on FAIR und’s pilot youth-led program.; interview 40 sexually victimizedgirls (prostituted girls), 20 boys sexually victimized via CSEC, and 40 run away youth (20 boysand 20 girls); facilitate utilization of findings beyond the Boston and Washington, D.C., byresearchers, service providers and policy makers.Victims No Longer: Research on Child Survivors of Trafficking for Sexual and LaborExploitation in the United States, Final ReportNCJ 221891, Elzbieta Gozdziak Ph.D.; Micah N. Bump M.A., 2008, NIJ-Sponsored, (159pages).Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City, Executive SummaryNCJ 225082, Ric Curtis; Karen Terry; Meredith Dank,; Kirk Dombrowski; Bilal Khan; AmyMuslim; Melissa Labriola; Michael Rempel, September 2008, NIJ-Sponsored, (14 pages).Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City, Volume Two: FormativeEvaluation: The New York City DemonstrationNCJ 225084, Amy Muslim; Melissa Labriola; Michael Rempel, September 2008, NIJ-Sponsored, (107 pages).Evaluation of the Demonstration Project To Address Commercial Sexual Exploitation ofChildren in Atlanta-Fulton CountyNCJ 226610, Mary Finn; Brenda Sims Blackwell; Leslie C. Jackson; James L. Wolk; M. BrookeOakley, March 2009, NIJ-Sponsored, (301 pages).Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: What Do We Know and What Do We DoAbout It?NCJ 215733, Jay Albanese, December 2007, Report, NIJ, (20 pages).Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City, Volume One: The CSECPopulation in New York City: Size, Characteristics, and NeedsNCJ 225083, Ric Curtis; Karen Terry; Meredith Dank; Kirk Dombrowski; Bilal Khan,September 2008, NIJ-Sponsored, (126 pages).The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development and evaluation agency of theU.S. Department of Justice and is dedicated to researching crime control and justice issues. NIJprovides objective, independent, evidence-based knowledge and tools to meet the challenges ofcrime and justice, particularly at the state and local levels. NIJ's principal authorities are derivedfrom the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended (see 42 USC § 37213723) and Title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002. NIJ is currently supporting thefollowing research projects related to child exploitation.E-3
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U.S. Department of Justice
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4. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFIC
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V. CONCLUSION .....................
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amount of information, including: (
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assisting state, local, tribal and
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goals that can provide some measura
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State and federal investigators and
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a. Available indicators suggest chi
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These two applications (Fairplay, R
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The Figure below shows the number o
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For FY 2008, ICAC Task Forces repor
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Some researchers suggest that viewi
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interests in children and their des
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could later bediscovered by lawenfo
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domains are commercial purveyors of
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• The offender communicates with
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1. Online enticement complaints are
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elationship. After the child has ga
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Influenced and Corrupt Organization
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D. Child Sex TourismChild sex touri
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Exploitation of Children Today (PRO
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A task force model often is employe
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The United States Attorney’s offi
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FBI and CEOS, in conjunction with N
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The effects of child sex tourism re
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352 investigations and 162 charged
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• CEOS worked closely with NDIC i
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• Alameda County, CA, Children's
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• Additional data have been submi
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postsentence persons and civilly co
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B. A Review of the Internet Crimes
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• Providing training and technica
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Table 1 : ICAC Task Force Agencies
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State Task Force Agency Number of T
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State Agency FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 200
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State Agency FY2008#AZCACACACACACOC
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Number of Criminal Referrals to Uni
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d. Number of local prosecutions and
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State Agency FY 2008# of Cases Refe
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State Agency FY 2008 Jan.-June 2009
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8. Number and type of ICAC Task For
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ICAC Undercover Chat 4 Regional 9.2
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has developed highly successful ini
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field offices, both domestic and fo
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2. Department of Defense’s Effort
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of a mail circular. Since the progr
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• The Street Outreach Program fun
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the Defense Computer Forensic Labor
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• Distributes photographs and des
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iii. Enough Is EnoughEnough Is Enou
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1. Overarching Efforts to Coordinat
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combine resources and expertise on
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United States has submitted annual
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CEOS has worked with foreign law en
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. Department of Homeland Security
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Finally, G/TIP has worked extensive
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F. Review of Internet Safety Progra
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the accessibility, cost, and effect
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activity by predators searching for
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3. Federal Trade Commission and Dep
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Funder: • U.S. Department of Agri
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Delivery: • Online games; printab
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TABLE 1: FEDERALLY FUNDED INTERNET
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Program/Product NameandContactInfor
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TABLE 2: SAMPLE OF PRIVATE NONPROFI
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Program/Product NameProducerFor Kid
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TABLE 1: PARTICIPANT EVALUATIONS OF
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FY 2011. The primary forensics resp
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The DEU is the principal group resp
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CD/DVDs. The CFS has the capability
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First, the Department will continue
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and the Innocence Lost task forces,
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deconflict cases, and share informa
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with the ICACs to help increase the
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from Landslide’s business premise
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victimized children worldwide, incl
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association, was arrested after the
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is transnational in scope; cooperat
Page 161 and 162: Over the course of their communicat
Page 163 and 164: An ICE investigation resulted in th
Page 165 and 166: U.S. v. RichardsonICE PRESS RELEASE
Page 167 and 168: APPENDIX C THREAT ASSESSMENT: ACADE
Page 169 and 170: Selected Quotes from Appendix C of
Page 171 and 172: * * * “Sheldon and Howitt (2007)
Page 173 and 174: McCarthy, J. and Gaunt, N. (2004).
Page 175 and 176: high-profile jobs. Some seemed isol
Page 177 and 178: Trends 2008, http://www.iwf.org.uk/
Page 179 and 180: Source: National Center for Missing
Page 181 and 182: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
Page 183 and 184: scientific survey process, but rath
Page 185 and 186: • 42 percent of respondents repor
Page 187 and 188: The Effect of the Lack of Internet
Page 193 and 194: ONLINE ENTICEMENTExtent of Online E
Page 197 and 198: • 8 percent of respondents report
Page 199 and 200: SEX TOURISMNature and ExtentAmong N
Page 203 and 204: Average Federal and State Sentences
Page 205 and 206: SOURCESNumerous federal, state, and
Page 207 and 208: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
Page 209 and 210: Southern Texas Utah VermontVirginia
Page 211: APPENDIX EDEPARTMENT-FUNDED RESEARC
Page 215 and 216: APPENDIX FSYNTHESIS OF MAJOR STUDIE
Page 217 and 218: 17 that among the participants who
Page 219 and 220: authors, extrapolating survey data,
Page 221 and 222: officials can gain greater awarenes
Page 223 and 224: Moessner, Chris. “Cyberbullying.
Page 225 and 226: The authors of this chapter in a bo
Page 227 and 228: Wells, Melissa, David Finkelhor, Ja
Page 229 and 230: The article reports the results of
Page 231 and 232: system ۛincluding perspectives of
Page 233 and 234: etween 42 and 44 percent of pornogr
Page 235 and 236: Reporting the demographic, psycholo
Page 237 and 238: predator with a victim took place i
Page 239 and 240: 1 Tinker v. Des Moines Independent
Page 241 and 242: conducted between September 1999 an
Page 243 and 244: with each grade level, with the per
Page 245 and 246: Understanding Online Child Pornogra
Page 247 and 248: focusing on violent (including sexu
Page 249 and 250: their offending than did Internet o
Page 251 and 252: trafficking, rape and sexual assaul
Page 253 and 254: States Postal Inspection Service, 8
Page 255 and 256: Getting to Grips with Sexual Groomi
Page 257 and 258: Child Seduction and Self-Representa
Page 259 and 260: Annotated Bibliography: Child Explo
Page 261 and 262: Abstract The author discusses teach
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implications for nursing practice i
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providers assisting child victims,
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Problematic Internet Experiences: P
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Online Requests for Sexual Pictures
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Sheldon Kennedy and a Canadian Trag
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people involved in prostitution and
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debates about child labour, exploit
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Abstract The article presents the v
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dealing with sexual offenses agains
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