The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

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Characteristics of a Sex TouristAmong NDIC interviewees:• 42 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists usually have higher than averagesocioeconomic status. This gives them the opportunity to travel internationally on aregular basis.• 37 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists are usually adult Caucasian males.• 32 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists are usually professionals employed inwhite collar occupations.• 21 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists are usually middle-aged.Criminal Conduct of Sex TouristsAmong NDIC interviewees:• 64 percent of respondents reported that the extent of a sex tourist’s criminal conductinvolves the sexual abuse of minors in foreign countries.• 21 percent of respondents reported that the extent of a sex tourist’s criminal conductinvolves producing child pornography and transporting the images back to the UnitedStates.• 7 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists are usually more violent toward theirvictims in foreign countries because the offender feels that poorer foreign children haveless worth than American children and that he is shielded from law enforcement action inanother country.Link between Child Pornography and Sex TourismAmong NDIC interviewees:• 100 percent of respondents reported that the link between child pornography and sextourism is that the tourist produces images of the abuse in foreign countries and transportsit back to the United States.• Zero percent of respondents reported that there is no link between child pornography andsex tourism.Threat Posed by Sex Tourists in the U.S. and AbroadAmong NDIC interviewees:• 79 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists commit contact offenses abroad andengage in physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse abroad.• 43 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists commit contact offenses and sexualabuse in the U.S.• 21 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists may spread sexually transmitteddiseases abroad.• 14 percent of respondents reported that sex tourists may become desensitized and morebrazen after abusing abroad leading them to start abusing children in the United States.• 14 percent of respondents reported that sex tourism may make it appear acceptable forparents in the United States and abroad to sell their children’s sex for money.Challenges to Law EnforcementAmong NDIC interviewees:D-25
• 50 percent of respondents reported that the biggest challenge they face is obtainingcooperation from foreign countries and law enforcement agencies for assistance ininvestigations.• 43 percent of respondents reported that identifying offenders is the biggest challenge tolaw enforcement.• 29 percent of respondents reported that evidence collection from foreign countries is asignificant challenge to law enforcement.• 29 percent of respondents reported that the difference in regulations between the UnitedStates and foreign sex offender laws is a significant problem to law enforcement. Someforeign countries lack laws criminalizing any type of sexual activity with children.Difficulties in Identifying, Investigating, and Prosecuting Sex TouristsAmong NDIC interviewees:• 57 percent of respondents reported that locating victims and witnesses and flying them tothe United States for testimony is a significant difficulty in sex tourism cases.• 43 percent of respondents reported that collecting evidence is a significant difficulty insex tourism cases.• 36 percent of respondents reported that dealing with foreign government red tape is asignificant difficulty in sex tourism cases.• 29 percent of respondents reported that the failure of foreign countries to recognize childpornography as a chargeable offense is a difficulty in sex tourism cases. There is also alack of applicable laws on sex tourism and other related offenses in foreign countries.Vulnerabilities and RecommendationsAmong NDIC interviewees:• Aside from the geographical difficulties, a lack of actionable intelligence on sex tourismand its extent is a major difficulty to investigating it. All countries need to be made awareof sex tourism and its extent. Also, establishing a mechanism to encourage informationsharing on sex tourism among all countries is necessary.ICAC INTERVIEWSWritten Reports and Statistics:Among NDIC interviewees:• 76 percent of respondents reported that they do not produce a written report other thanwhat they provide to the OJJDP.• 12 percent of respondents reported that they do produce written reports and statisticsother than what they provide to the OJJDP.• 6 percent of respondents reported that they produce only internal reports.Most Common Technique Used by Online SolicitorsAmong NDIC interviewees:• 53 percent of respondents report that solicitors commonly use chat rooms to identifypotential victims.D-26
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U.S. Department of Justice
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4. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFIC
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V. CONCLUSION .....................
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amount of information, including: (
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assisting state, local, tribal and
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goals that can provide some measura
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State and federal investigators and
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a. Available indicators suggest chi
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These two applications (Fairplay, R
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The Figure below shows the number o
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For FY 2008, ICAC Task Forces repor
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Some researchers suggest that viewi
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interests in children and their des
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could later bediscovered by lawenfo
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domains are commercial purveyors of
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• The offender communicates with
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1. Online enticement complaints are
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elationship. After the child has ga
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Influenced and Corrupt Organization
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D. Child Sex TourismChild sex touri
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Exploitation of Children Today (PRO
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A task force model often is employe
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The United States Attorney’s offi
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FBI and CEOS, in conjunction with N
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The effects of child sex tourism re
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352 investigations and 162 charged
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• CEOS worked closely with NDIC i
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• Alameda County, CA, Children's
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• Additional data have been submi
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postsentence persons and civilly co
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B. A Review of the Internet Crimes
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• Providing training and technica
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Table 1 : ICAC Task Force Agencies
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State Task Force Agency Number of T
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State Agency FY 2009 FY 2009 FY 200
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State Agency FY2008#AZCACACACACACOC
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Number of Criminal Referrals to Uni
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d. Number of local prosecutions and
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State Agency FY 2008# of Cases Refe
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State Agency FY 2008 Jan.-June 2009
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8. Number and type of ICAC Task For
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ICAC Undercover Chat 4 Regional 9.2
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has developed highly successful ini
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field offices, both domestic and fo
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2. Department of Defense’s Effort
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of a mail circular. Since the progr
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• The Street Outreach Program fun
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the Defense Computer Forensic Labor
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• Distributes photographs and des
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iii. Enough Is EnoughEnough Is Enou
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1. Overarching Efforts to Coordinat
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combine resources and expertise on
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United States has submitted annual
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CEOS has worked with foreign law en
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. Department of Homeland Security
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Finally, G/TIP has worked extensive
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F. Review of Internet Safety Progra
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the accessibility, cost, and effect
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activity by predators searching for
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3. Federal Trade Commission and Dep
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Funder: • U.S. Department of Agri
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Delivery: • Online games; printab
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TABLE 1: FEDERALLY FUNDED INTERNET
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Program/Product NameandContactInfor
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TABLE 2: SAMPLE OF PRIVATE NONPROFI
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Program/Product NameProducerFor Kid
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TABLE 1: PARTICIPANT EVALUATIONS OF
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FY 2011. The primary forensics resp
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The DEU is the principal group resp
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CD/DVDs. The CFS has the capability
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First, the Department will continue
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and the Innocence Lost task forces,
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Page 153 and 154: from Landslide’s business premise
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Page 159 and 160: is transnational in scope; cooperat
Page 161 and 162: Over the course of their communicat
Page 163 and 164: An ICE investigation resulted in th
Page 165 and 166: U.S. v. RichardsonICE PRESS RELEASE
Page 167 and 168: APPENDIX C THREAT ASSESSMENT: ACADE
Page 169 and 170: Selected Quotes from Appendix C of
Page 171 and 172: * * * “Sheldon and Howitt (2007)
Page 173 and 174: McCarthy, J. and Gaunt, N. (2004).
Page 175 and 176: high-profile jobs. Some seemed isol
Page 177 and 178: Trends 2008, http://www.iwf.org.uk/
Page 179 and 180: Source: National Center for Missing
Page 181 and 182: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
Page 183 and 184: scientific survey process, but rath
Page 185 and 186: • 42 percent of respondents repor
Page 187 and 188: The Effect of the Lack of Internet
Page 193 and 194: ONLINE ENTICEMENTExtent of Online E
Page 197 and 198: • 8 percent of respondents report
Page 199: SEX TOURISMNature and ExtentAmong N
Page 203 and 204: Average Federal and State Sentences
Page 205 and 206: SOURCESNumerous federal, state, and
Page 207 and 208: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
Page 209 and 210: Southern Texas Utah VermontVirginia
Page 211 and 212: APPENDIX EDEPARTMENT-FUNDED RESEARC
Page 213 and 214: victimization. The project has four
Page 215 and 216: APPENDIX FSYNTHESIS OF MAJOR STUDIE
Page 217 and 218: 17 that among the participants who
Page 219 and 220: authors, extrapolating survey data,
Page 221 and 222: officials can gain greater awarenes
Page 223 and 224: Moessner, Chris. “Cyberbullying.
Page 225 and 226: The authors of this chapter in a bo
Page 227 and 228: Wells, Melissa, David Finkelhor, Ja
Page 229 and 230: The article reports the results of
Page 231 and 232: system ۛincluding perspectives of
Page 233 and 234: etween 42 and 44 percent of pornogr
Page 235 and 236: Reporting the demographic, psycholo
Page 237 and 238: predator with a victim took place i
Page 239 and 240: 1 Tinker v. Des Moines Independent
Page 241 and 242: conducted between September 1999 an
Page 243 and 244: with each grade level, with the per
Page 245 and 246: Understanding Online Child Pornogra
Page 247 and 248: focusing on violent (including sexu
Page 249 and 250: their offending than did Internet o
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trafficking, rape and sexual assaul
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States Postal Inspection Service, 8
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Getting to Grips with Sexual Groomi
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Child Seduction and Self-Representa
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Annotated Bibliography: Child Explo
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Abstract The author discusses teach
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implications for nursing practice i
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providers assisting child victims,
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Problematic Internet Experiences: P
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Online Requests for Sexual Pictures
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Sheldon Kennedy and a Canadian Trag
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people involved in prostitution and
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debates about child labour, exploit
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Abstract The article presents the v
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dealing with sexual offenses agains
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